#Automobile companies in Carbon Black market US
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kenresearch1 · 1 year ago
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The Growing Prominence of the Carbon Black Market fueled by Rising Automotive Industry
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What is the Size of US Carbon Black Industry?
US Carbon Black Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of ~ % between 2017-2022 and is expected to reach ~USD Mn by 2028.  The Carbon Black Market is majorly driven by increasing automotive industry, tire replacement demand, urbanization and renewable energy needs, fueled by rising middle-class populations and technological advancements.
The automotive industry is a major consumer of carbon black, using it in tire manufacturing to improve tire strength, durability, and overall performance. As the global demand for vehicles increases, particularly in emerging economies, the demand for carbon black in tire production grows as well.
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n mature markets, there is a continuous demand for tire replacements due to wear and tear. This consistent need for replacement tires drives demand for carbon black to be used in new tire production.
Carbon black is used as a pigment and colorant in various products like inks, paints, and coatings. The growing use of these products in diverse industries such as construction, packaging, and consumer goods drives demand for carbon black.
Ongoing research and development in carbon black production techniques can lead to improvements in quality, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. These advancements stimulate the market growth by making carbon black more accessible to various industries.
US Carbon Black Market by loan Process
In terms of loan type, the market is segmented into Furnace Black and Gas Black. Furnace Black is seen dominant in the US Carbon Black market in 2022. Furnace Black is a type of Carbon Black produced through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. It finds extensive applications in the production of rubber, tires, plastics, inks, coatings, and other industrial products due to its reinforcing and coloring properties. This ubiquity across multiple sectors positions Furnace Black as a central component in various manufacturing supply chains.
Moreover, the versatility of Furnace Black has allowed industries to find innovative applications beyond traditional uses, such as in renewable energy technologies, specialty materials, and advanced composites. This adaptability has expanded its market reach and influence.
US Carbon Black Market by end Application
The market is segmented by Tires and Rubber products, Plastic, Toners and Printing inks, Coatings and Others. Among these, Tires and Rubber products is majorly the dominant end users in the US Carbon Black market as noted in 2022. As vehicles move, friction between tires and roads generates Carbon Black particles that contribute to air pollution and pose health and environmental risks.
Amid growing concerns about air quality and environmental impact, the Tires and Rubber products sector has faced increased pressure to mitigate its emissions. Regulatory agencies and consumer demand for eco-friendly products have prompted manufacturers to adopt strategies that reduce Carbon Black emissions.
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US Carbon Black market by Region
The US Carbon Black market is segmented by Region into North, South, East, West and central. In 2022, South region is more dominate in US Carbon Black Market.  The South region has witnessed a growing emphasis on environmental sustainability and air quality improvement. Cities within this region, such as Houston and Atlanta, have grappled with significant air pollution challenges, spurring local governments and industries to address Carbon Black emissions more aggressively.
Competition Scenario in US Carbon Black Market
The competition scenario in the US Carbon Black market was characterized by a mix of companies and organizations focused on reducing Carbon Black emissions and promoting cleaner technologies.
Prominent players in this market included environmental consulting firms such as Aether, Abt Associates, and ICF International. These companies provided expertise in air quality monitoring, emission inventories, and policy analysis, assisting industries and governments in devising strategies to mitigate Carbon Black emissions.
In addition to consulting firms, technology providers played a crucial role. Companies like Cleaire Advanced Emission Controls and Johnson Matthey offered emission control solutions, including diesel particulate filters and catalytic converters, designed to reduce Carbon Black emissions from vehicles and industrial sources.
What is the Expected Future Outlook for the Overall US Carbon Black Market?
The US Carbon Black market was valued at USD ~Million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach USD ~ Million by the end of 2022, witnessing a CAGR of ~% during the forecast period 2022- 2028. The US Carbon black market is driven by increasing urbanization, rising automotive industry and rising demand for consumer goods. Carbon black is integral to tire production, enhancing tire strength and performance. As vehicle demand increases, particularly in electric and autonomous segments, the need for quality tires will drive carbon black demand.
The shift toward sustainability will influence the market. Manufacturers seeking eco-friendly alternatives will drive demand for sustainable carbon black, derived from sources like pyrolysis of waste tires. This aligns with green initiatives and offers growth potential. Increasing number of applications, the market's expansion will be fueled by innovative applications beyond tires. Carbon black finds use in conductive plastics, battery components, and aerospace materials, benefiting from technology-driven trends in electronics, energy storage, and aviation.
The growing renewable energy sector presents opportunities. Carbon black enhances wind turbine blade strength, crucial for wind energy expansion. As the US emphasizes clean energy, carbon black's contributions to wind power will drive its demand. Urban development will also fuel the demand for carbon black in construction materials, coatings, and sealants. As US cities evolve, the construction industry's steady growth will sustain the market's need for these applications.
Furthermore, Carbon black's role in plastics, packaging, and consumer goods will experience growth as US consumer preferences evolve. The trend toward durable, UV-resistant products will drive manufacturers to incorporate carbon black for enhanced performance. Carbon black's diverse applications contribute to its resilience during economic fluctuations. Industries ranging from automotive to construction rely on its properties, ensuring a steady demand even amidst changing economic conditions, securing future market growth.
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uniquetragedytimetravel · 11 days ago
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Custom Automotive Fastener Manufacturers, Suppliers | Chuanghe Fastener
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The automotive industry is built on an intricate network of parts and components, and one often-overlooked category that plays a crucial role in the manufacturing and assembly of vehicles is fasteners. These small but mighty components—bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, washers, and more—are essential for ensuring the structural integrity, safety, and performance of automobiles. automotive fastener manufacturers  are responsible for producing these critical components, which must meet high standards of durability, precision, and reliability. In this blog, we will explore the importance of automotive fasteners, the role of manufacturers in this sector, and the key players shaping the industry.
The Role of Automotive Fasteners
Fasteners are integral to every vehicle, securing everything from engine components to body panels. They come in various shapes, sizes, and materials, each designed for a specific function and environment within the vehicle. Fasteners must be resistant to corrosion, vibration, and extreme temperatures while maintaining high tensile strength. Given these stringent requirements, automotive fasteners are typically made from high-grade materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, carbon steel, and specialized alloys.
The main types of automotive fasteners include:
Bolts and Nuts : Used to hold together components like the engine block, chassis, and body frame.
Rivets : Used for attaching parts like interior trim, panels, and structural components in places where welding or traditional bolts might be impractical.
Screws : Essential for securing smaller parts such as electronic devices, door panels, and seats.
Washers : Often used in conjunction with bolts or screws to distribute loads and prevent damage to surfaces.
Clips and Pins : Commonly used for securing cables, hoses, and plastic trim components.
Automotive Fastener Manufacturing Process
The manufacturing process for automotive fasteners typically involves several stages, starting with raw material selection, which depends on the desired strength, corrosion resistance, and weight characteristics of the fasteners. The materials undergo processes like stamping, forging, and machining to create the precise shapes and sizes required. Heat treatment, coating (eg, zinc plating or galvanization), and quality control testing are essential to ensure the fasteners can withstand the harsh conditions they will face within the vehicle.
Given the complexity and safety implications of automotive fasteners, manufacturers must adhere to strict standards and certifications. These include ISO/TS 16949 (automotive quality management standards) and various OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) specifications. The fasteners produced must meet the requirements for strength, durability, and consistency.
Key Automotive Fastener Manufacturers
Several companies specialize in the design and production of automotive fasteners, catering to both OEMs and the aftermarket. These manufacturers are crucial to the supply chain, providing components that are essential for vehicle assembly, repair, and maintenance.
Nifco Inc.
Nifco is a leading supplier of automotive fasteners, with a strong presence in global markets. Specializing in plastic and metal fasteners, Nifco's products are widely used in interior and exterior automotive components. Their advanced technology allows for innovative solutions, including lightweight and corrosion-resistant fasteners.
STANLEY Engineered Fastening
STANLEY Engineered Fastening, part of Stanley Black & Decker, is a well-established name in the automotive fastener industry. They offer a wide range of fastening solutions for automotive manufacturers, including high-strength bolts, rivets, and specialty fasteners. The company is known for its expertise in fastening technologies such as blind rivets, nuts, and fastener installation systems.
Illinois Tool Works (ITW)
ITW is a global leader in the automotive fastener industry, providing advanced fastening solutions to OEMs around the world. Their portfolio includes innovative fastener products for both mechanical and structural applications, from nuts and bolts to specialized fasteners designed for lightweight automotive structures.
Acument Global Technologies
Acument Global Technologies is a top-tier supplier of fasteners for the automotive industry. They produce a wide array of fasteners, including precision fasteners for engine components, chassis, and safety-critical applications. Acument is known for its high-quality standards and innovation in product development.
Sundram Fasteners Ltd.
An important player in the automotive fastener industry, Sundram Fasteners manufactures a wide range of high-quality fasteners for global automotive OEMs. Their products are used in critical automotive applications, and the company is recognized for its commitment to quality and technology-driven solutions.
 Bulten AB
Bulten is a Swedish manufacturer that supplies automotive fasteners to major OEMs around the world. They specialize in high-performance fasteners used in engines, chassis, and other critical systems. Bulten is known for its emphasis on sustainability, producing eco-friendly fasteners and reducing the environmental impact of its manufacturing processes.
Industry Trends Shaping Automotive Fastener Manufacturing
As the automotive industry evolves, so too does the demand for advanced fasteners that meet new requirements. Some key trends impacting automotive fastener manufacturers include:
Lightweighting : With the growing emphasis on fuel efficiency and electric vehicles (EVs), lightweight fasteners made from materials such as aluminum and advanced composites are gaining traction. Manufacturers are focusing on reducing vehicle weight while maintaining performance and safety standards.
Electric Vehicles (EVs) : The rise of electric vehicles is creating new opportunities for fastener manufacturers, as EVs require specialized components such as battery enclosures and electric motor parts. Fasteners for these applications need to be non-corrosive, highly durable, and resistant to thermal expansion.
Sustainability and Eco-friendly Solutions : There is increasing pressure on automotive suppliers to adopt sustainable practices, from using recyclable materials to reduce energy consumption in manufacturing. automotive fastener manufacturers are exploring new materials, coatings, and production methods that minimize their environmental footprint.
Smart Manufacturing and Automation : The integration of robotics, AI, and Industry 4.0 technologies is transforming fastener manufacturing. Automation improves production efficiency and consistency, while real-time data and smart quality control systems enhance the reliability and performance of fasteners.
Conclusion
automotive fastener manufacturers are at the heart of the global automotive supply chain, providing essential components that ensure the safety, performance, and durability of vehicles. As the automotive industry continues to evolve with trends such as electric vehicles, lightweighting, and sustainability, the role of fastener manufacturers will only grow in importance. Whether you're an OEM, a supplier, or an end-user, understanding the innovations and challenges in the automotive fastener sector is key to navigating this critical component of automotive manufacturing.
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aarluxe1 · 30 days ago
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Transform Your Vehicle with Car Wrapping in Dubai by AAR LUXE
In Dubai, a dynamic metropolis where elegance and innovation coexist, car wrapping has become a popular trend among car owners. AAR LUXE specializes in offering premium automobile wrapping services that increase your vehicle's visual attractiveness while shielding it from UV rays and damages. Our skilled staff turns your car into a breathtaking piece of art that reflects your distinct style and personality using high-quality materials and cutting-edge techniques. If you want to give your car a new look or use branded wraps to advertise your business, AAR LUXE is the place to go in Dubai for top-notch car wrapping services.
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What is Car Wrapping?
Car wrapping is the technique of applying vinyl film to a vehicle's exterior. Numerous colors, textures, and finishes are available for customization, opening up countless design options for this film. Without spending a lot of money on a paint job, car wrapping offers a flexible way to change the look of your automobile, whether you want a glossy finish, a matte black finish, or even a striking design.
Advantages of Car Wrapping
Cost-Effective Customization: The cost of car wrapping is much lower than that of a conventional paint job. With their affordable prices, AAR LUXE guarantees that you will receive a premium wrap.
Protects the Original Paint: The protection that car wrapping provides is one of its most notable advantages. The vinyl layer protects your car's original paint by acting as a barrier against UV radiation, grime, and small abrasions. Because sun exposure can eventually degrade paint, this is especially helpful in Dubai's severe climate.
Easy to Remove: Car wraps are easily removed without causing damage to the underlying surface, unlike paint, which is permanent. This adaptability enables you to alter the appearance of your car when fashions change or you decide to sell it.
Variety of Finishes: AAR LUXE offers a wide variety of colors and finishes, ranging from metallic and carbon fiber to gloss and matte. With this selection, you can show off your individuality and create a genuinely one-of-a-kind car.
Advertising Opportunities: Car wrapping can act as a mobile billboard for companies. Custom wraps from AAR LUXE may effectively promote your business and transform your car into a potent marketing weapon on Dubai's roadways.
Why Choose AAR LUXE for Car Wrapping in Dubai?
Expertise and Experience: Having worked in the vehicle wrapping business for many years, AAR LUXE has established a stellar reputation. Our knowledgeable staff ensures excellent service by staying current with the newest methods and supplies.
Quality Materials: We only utilize the best vinyl wraps available, which are long-lasting and impervious to peeling, fading, and cracking. Our collaborations with top producers ensure that you get a long-lasting product.
Customer-Centric Approach: At AAR LUXE, our clients come first. From the first consultation to the last inspection, we work hard to deliver outstanding service that is customized to meet your needs.
Satisfaction Guarantee: We support the job we do. We'll make the wrap right if you're not entirely happy with it. We want you to drive away happy and with a car that attracts attention.
Conclusion
Car wrapping is a useful way to customize your car while maintaining its worth; it's not just a fad. AAR LUXE offers a variety of automobile wrapping services to suit every taste and style in a bustling city like Dubai where first impressions count. Our experts can assist you whether you want to advertise your business, make a big statement, or just give your automobile a new look.
With the outstanding car wrapping services from AAR LUXE, you can transform your automobile right now and enjoy the ideal fusion of affordability, style, and protection. To learn more about how we can help you improve the look of your car, visit our website or get in touch with us!
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tamanna31 · 2 months ago
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Carbon Black Market Professional Survey and In-depth Analysis Research Report Forecast to 2030
Carbon Black Industry Overview
The global carbon black market size was valued at USD 22.35 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.8% from 2024 to 2030.
Rising product usage in the production of plastics is anticipated to drive growth. Moreover, the rising usage of these plastics in electrical and electronic components will boost product demand. It is produced either by thermal decomposition or partial combustion method, which includes oil or natural gas as a feedstock. It is produced by four different processes, which are the furnace black process, channel process, acetylene black process, and Lampblack process.
Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Carbon Black Market
Growing environmental concerns coupled with the developing automotive industry is expected to drive the growth of the U.S. market. The refurbishing trend has resulted in increased demand for high-performance coatings in automotive as well as other industries, such as marine, aerospace, and industrial.
The product helps improve the strength and longevity of tires by providing better abrasion resistance and tensile strength. Also, growing construction and manufacturing sectors utilizing industrial rubber and equipment are anticipated to positively impact the demand over the forecast period.
Carbon black market prices are mainly based on raw materials, auxiliary materials, and utilities. The crude oil price fluctuation has a major impact on the pricing of carbon black. Some other macro-level factors influencing the price include working capital and pre-operational costs. The installation and setup, capitalized interests, project engineering and management, and commissioning costs are included under the pre-occupational costs.
Carbon black is formed by incomplete combustion of different petroleum-based constituents. It is an essential component for a range of end-use applications such as consumer goods, automobiles, appliances, electronics, and others. Since it is a petroleum-derived product the manufacturers rely on sourcing their key raw materials at the right prices with no supply hindrance. Raw materials are critically selected by the manufacturers depending on their product quality, offering price, product portfolio holding, and market accessibility.
Browse through Grand View Research's Petrochemicals Industry Research Reports.
• The global diesel exhaust fluid market size was valued at USD 36.66 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.9% from 2024 to 2030.
• The global bromobenzene market size was estimated at USD 1,228.8 million in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4.7% from 2024 to 2030.
Global Carbon Black Market Report Segmentation
This report forecasts revenue and volume growth at the global, regional, and country levels and provides a carbon black market analysis of the latest industry trends and opportunities in each of the sub-segments from 2018 to 2030. For this study, Grand View Research has segmented the global carbon black market report based on type, application, grade, and region:
Type Outlook (Volume, Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)
Furnace Black
Channel Black
Thermal Black
Acetylene Black
Others
Application Outlook (Volume, Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)
Tire
Non- tire Rubber
Plastics
Inks & Coatings
Others
Grade Outlook (Volume, Kilotons; Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)
Standard Grade
Specialty Grade
Regional Outlook (Volume, Kilotons; Revenue, USD Billion, 2018 - 2030)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
Central & South America
Brazil
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Key Companies & Market Share Insights
Key companies are adopting several organic and inorganic growth strategies, such as capacity expansion, mergers & acquisitions, and joint ventures, to maintain and expand their market share.
In June 2023, Bridgestone Corporation announced the commencement of the development of tire-derived oil and recovered carbon black via pyrolysis of worn tires with the help of test units established at the Bridgestone Innovation Park in Tokyo. This is aimed at encouraging the social deployment of chemical recycling technologies that allow the efficient pyrolysis of worn tires.
In April 2023, Orion Engineered Carbons announced the implementation of its new cogeneration technology producing renewable energy in its Ivanhoe plant (Louisiana, U.S.). The system comprises a steam turbine generator, which ingests the waste steam from the production process of the carbon black plant and alters it to electricity.
In March 2023, Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. entered into a strategic partnership with Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., for the real-world application of the Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) technology. This deal was aimed at manufacturing varied carbon products and materials for the capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) as solid carbon.
Key Carbon Black Companies:
Orion Engineered Carbons Holdings GmbH
OMSK Carbon Group
Sid Richardson Carbon & Energy Co.
Tokai Carbon Co. Ltd.
Asahi Carbon Co. Ltd.
Ralson Goodluck Carbon
Atlas Organic Pvt. Ltd.
Continental Carbon Co.
OCI Company Ltd.
Birla Carbon
Bridgestone Corp.
Cabot Corp.
China Synthetic Rubber Corporation (CSRC)
Himadri Companies & Industries Ltd. (HCIL)
Mitsubishi Chemicals
Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co. Ltd.
Jiangxi Black Cat Carbon Black Inc.
Order a free sample PDF of the Carbon Black Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.
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tritonmarketresearchamey · 6 months ago
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Tire Aftermarket, Tire Replacement Market: A Competing Shift
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A flat tire is among the several inconveniences vehicle owners aim to avoid. Whether due to valve system damage or blowout due to over-inflation, the absence of a proper tire can severely damage the wheel and trigger tire replacement. This drawback has instigated several tire producers to invest in R&D to develop high-performance, fuel-efficient tires, opening avenues for the global tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
Additionally, integrating systems like anti-lock braking systems, electronic power control, and tire pressure monitoring systems has upheaved the demand for tire aftermarket services. Our estimates have gathered that the global market is set to gain revenue worth $93.38 billion by 2028, rising at a CAGR of 4.43% during the forecast years 2022-2028.
Developments in Aftermarket Services
Wait, did you say airless tires? Instead of air, tires are now integrated with a network of spokes that keeps the wheels rigid while giving them a see-through appearance. Each year, around 20% of tires are trashed due to puncture or uneven wear, stimulating manufacturers like Michelin to launch UPTIS airless automobile tire design that results in lower raw material and waste consumption. In this regard, the company has teamed up with GM to introduce UPTIS by 2024.
Besides, the tires’ ability to bear high weight and absorb shocks is anticipated to support the growth of the 16-18-inch rim size category. Numerous players have opted for this size since it offers additional grip, braking performance, and ride comfort, a major driving force for the tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
The Green Initiative: With the average crude oil price rising from $39.68 in 2020 to $97.64 in 2022 and the rising carbon footprint, the demand for energy-efficient tires has boosted the tire replacement market. Besides, advances in tire energy efficiency can decrease global fuel consumption by around 5% in passenger vehicles, per the International Council on Clean Transportation. This has led low rolling resistance tires to gain immense traction among consumers to lower their total carbon footprint.
Considering this trend, in January 2023, Goodyear revealed a demonstration tire made of 90% sustainable materials, including carbon black and soybean oil. While it stated the need for further collaboration to bring 90% sustainable tires into the market, the company plans to sell them with 70% sustainable material in 2023. Our analysis indicates that the radial tire type captures the highest share in the market as it has lower rolling resistance, achieving greater fuel efficiency.
Labeling Culture: Labeling has emerged as a viable solution to differentiate products from packaging to tires. However, governments are striving to implement standards to eliminate redundant performance classes from the scale. For instance, the label design will be changed in the US with snow and ice grip symbols. The European Commission also introduced Euro 7 standards for particle emission from tires and brakes to ensure cleaner vehicular movement and air quality across the region.
Other than this, the Indian government mandated new standards in 2021 to enhance fuel efficiency and braking impact on wet roads. Earlier in 2022, Michelin became the first tire brand to receive a 4-star rating by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, India, under the new star labeling program. Such steps by government bodies to promote sustainability are set to be a growth enabler for the Asia-Pacific tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
Electric Vehicle: Revving Up the Ride
Over the course of a decade, electric vehicle sales soared to reach around 7 million units in 2021. Fueled by the falling costs of lithium-ion batteries, the rising EV sales have revolutionized the automotive industry and the tire sector. Furthermore, since the additional weight of batteries in EVs lead to enhanced stiffness, the demand for cutting-edge tires has accelerated. As a result, companies like Bridgestone have unveiled ENLITEN Technology that decreases tire rolling resistance by 30% and weight by 20% to expand EV driving range and reduce environmental impact. Therefore, the EV industry is attractive for expanding the tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
 
FAQs:
Q1) What are the types of tires in the aftermarket, tire replacement market?
There are two major types of tires, namely, radial and bias, in the tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
Q2) Which region will witness the fastest growth during the forecast period?
Asia-Pacific tire aftermarket, tire replacement is anticipated to witness the fastest growth, attaining a CAGR of 5.09% during the forecast period 2022-2028.
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pearlsmith25 · 11 months ago
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Recovered Carbon Black Market: Driving Circular Economy Initiatives
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Market Overview:
Recovered carbon black (rCB) is a form of recycled carbon black produced from waste tyres and other rubber products. It is used in the production of various rubber goods and applications such as tires, mechanical rubber goods, and others.
Market Dynamics:
Two major drivers aiding the growth of recovered carbon black market are rising concerns over environmental pollution and stringent regulations regarding carbon emissions. Growing automotive industry worldwide has substantially increased the volume of discarded tires, which serves as a key source for recovered carbon black production. Various countries have implemented regulations banning the use of certain types of carbon black and enforcing the use of recovered carbon black to reduce carbon footprint. Also, recovered carbon black offers comparable quality and performance to that of virgin carbon black at a lower cost. This is encouraging manufacturers to increase reliance on rCB over conventional carbon black.
Major Driver: Increasing demand for carbon black from the tire industry
The tire industry accounts for around 70% of the total recovered carbon black demand globally. With rapid growth in the automotive industry, especially in emerging economies such as China and India, the demand for tires has increased significantly over the past few years. Recovered carbon black finds wide application in tire manufacturing due to its comparable physical and chemical properties to virgin carbon black. It can replace up to 30% of virgin carbon black content in tires. The demand for recovered carbon black from tire manufacturers is expected to continue rising with growing vehicles production and sales around the world.
Major Driver: Stringent environmental regulations regarding carbon emissions
Burning of used tires and other rubber products results in the release of various air pollutants and greenhouse gases into the environment. Many governments and regulatory bodies across major economies have imposed strict regulations targeting reduction of carbon footprint from such uncontrolled burning. Recovered carbon black production involves recycling of carbon content from old tires and rubber goods in an environmentally-controlled process, thereby minimizing air pollution. The end-product, recovered carbon black, also has a lower carbon footprint than virgin carbon black. Such companies are now under legal obligation to use recovered carbon black in their operations where possible. This is a major factor driving its higher demand.
Major Restraint: High costs associated with recovered carbon black production
While recovered carbon black yields environmental benefits, its production process entails higher costs compared to virgin carbon black. The expenses involved in collection, sorting, preprocessing and refining of used tires add to its overall manufacturing costs. Also, the capital expenditure required for setting up recovered carbon black plants is significant. These financial challenges pose a restrain to widespread adoption of this material. Many buyers prefer cheaper virgin carbon black if not mandated otherwise by regulations. Cost optimization through economies of scale and technological advancements is critical to overcoming this restraint.
Major Opportunity: Increasing requirement in non-tire rubber goods
Though the tire industry dominates its consumption currently, recovered carbon black holds promising growth opportunities in other rubber product domains as well. Rubber materials find diverse applications across industries like automobile interior & exterior parts, wires & cables, hoses & belts, footwear, flooring, seals & gaskets, and more. With growing preference for green and recycled materials, demand for recovered carbon black is rising from these non-tire sectors. Its novel properties provide functional benefits in products. If large buyers from these industries incorporate recovered carbon black in their materials, itsaddressable market scope will increase multifold in the coming years.
Major Trend: Advancements in carbon black recovery technologies
Continuous innovations are taking place to develop improved and cost-effective methods for recycling carbon content from end-of-life rubber products. New pretreatment and separation techniques enhance recovered carbon black yield and quality. Novel thermal cracking and refining mechanisms optimize energy usage. Adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies like IoT, AI, big data for predictive maintenance and process optimization helps recovered carbon black plants achieve higher efficiencies. Some pioneering companies even utilize carbon dioxide from flue gases to synthesize carbon black, creating a carbon negative footprint. As newer, greener technologies become commercially viable, production costs will reduce, driving the recovered carbon black industry to its next phase of growth.
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sanemyamen · 1 year ago
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Tire Recycling Market to Witness Excellent Revenue Growth Owing to Rapid Increase in Demand
Latest study released by AMA Research on Global Tire Recycling Market research focuses on latest market trend, opportunities and various future aspects so you can get a variety of ways to maximize your profits. Tire Recycling Market predicted until 2027*. Tire recycling is the process of recycling converting end-of-life or unwanted old tires into material that can be utilized in new product waste. End-of-life tires typically become candidates for recycling when they become no longer functional due to wear or damage, and can no longer be re-treaded or re-grooved. These tires are a challenging source of waste, due to the large volume produced, the durability of the tires, and the components in the tire that are ecologically problematic. Tire-derived fuel remains the largest end market for scrap tires, but this end market is shrinking. Ground rubber is the second largest end market. Some of Key Players included in Tire Recycling Market are Miami Tire Recycling Company (United States),reRubber LLC (United States),L & S Tire (United States),Tire Disposal & Recycling (United States),Ontario Tire Stewardship (Canada),Champlin Tire Recycling (United States),Lakin Tire (United States),New River Tire Recycling (United States),Liberty Tire Recycling (United States),Eldan Recycling A/S (Denmark)
Market Trends: De-beading the Tire, Cutting It and Stamping It into Products like Shims or Belts
Carbon Black End Product from Pyrolysis is Highly Valuable
Drivers: Increasing demand for tire recycled products from end-use industries and strong government supports for the environment are some of the key factors driving the demand of the tire recycling market.
Same Amount of Energy as Oil and 25 Percent More Energy than Coal
Challenges: Finding Efficient Collection Methods and Producing the Products
Carefully Planned and Sufficient Financial Capital
Transportation Issues of Used Tires from Rural Areas owing to Truck Driver Shortage
Commercial Viability for Pyrolysis Processing
Opportunities: Latest technological Development such as Devulcanization
Tire Recycling and Green Initiatives Are Innovative Fields with Continuous Advancements
Opening of New Tire Recycling Plants
The titled segments and Market Data are Break Down by Type (Automobile Tire, Rubber Products, Other), Application (Tire-Derived Fuel, Rubberized Asphalt, Tire-Derived Aggregate, Ground Rubber/Crumb Rubber, Others), Equipment (Shredders, Granulators, Milling Equipment, Others), Technology (Pyrolysis, Devulcanization, Others), Source (Trucking companies, Large Car Fleet Companies, Tire retailers, Others)
Presented By
AMA Research & Media LLP
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rohittriton · 2 years ago
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Tire Aftermarket, Tire Replacement Market: A Competing Shift
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A flat tire is among the several inconveniences vehicle owners aim to avoid. Whether due to valve system damage or blowout due to over-inflation, the absence of a proper tire can severely damage the wheel and trigger tire replacement. This drawback has instigated several tire producers to invest in R&D to develop high-performance, fuel-efficient tires, opening avenues for the global tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
Additionally, integrating systems like anti-lock braking systems, electronic power control, and tire pressure monitoring systems has upheaved the demand for tire aftermarket services. Our estimates have gathered that the global market is set to gain revenue worth $93.38 billion by 2028, rising at a CAGR of 4.43% during the forecast years 2022-2028.
Developments in Aftermarket Services
Wait, did you say airless tires? Instead of air, tires are now integrated with a network of spokes that keeps the wheels rigid while giving them a see-through appearance. Each year, around 20% of tires are trashed due to puncture or uneven wear, stimulating manufacturers like Michelin to launch UPTIS airless automobile tire design that results in lower raw material and waste consumption. In this regard, the company has teamed up with GM to introduce UPTIS by 2024.
Besides, the tires’ ability to bear high weight and absorb shocks is anticipated to support the growth of the 16-18-inch rim size category. Numerous players have opted for this size since it offers additional grip, braking performance, and ride comfort, a major driving force for the tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
The Green Initiative: With the average crude oil price rising from $39.68 in 2020 to $97.64 in 2022 and the rising carbon footprint, the demand for energy-efficient tires has boosted the tire replacement market. Besides, advances in tire energy efficiency can decrease global fuel consumption by around 5% in passenger vehicles, per the International Council on Clean Transportation. This has led low rolling resistance tires to gain immense traction among consumers to lower their total carbon footprint.
Considering this trend, in January 2023, Goodyear revealed a demonstration tire made of 90% sustainable materials, including carbon black and soybean oil. While it stated the need for further collaboration to bring 90% sustainable tires into the market, the company plans to sell them with 70% sustainable material in 2023. Our analysis indicates that the radial tire type captures the highest share in the market as it has lower rolling resistance, achieving greater fuel efficiency.
Labeling Culture: Labeling has emerged as a viable solution to differentiate products from packaging to tires. However, governments are striving to implement standards to eliminate redundant performance classes from the scale. For instance, the label design will be changed in the US with snow and ice grip symbols. The European Commission also introduced Euro 7 standards for particle emission from tires and brakes to ensure cleaner vehicular movement and air quality across the region.
Other than this, the Indian government mandated new standards in 2021 to enhance fuel efficiency and braking impact on wet roads. Earlier in 2022, Michelin became the first tire brand to receive a 4-star rating by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, India, under the new star labeling program. Such steps by government bodies to promote sustainability are set to be a growth enabler for the Asia-Pacific tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
Electric Vehicle: Revving Up the Ride
Over the course of a decade, electric vehicle sales soared to reach around 7 million units in 2021. Fueled by the falling costs of lithium-ion batteries, the rising EV sales have revolutionized the automotive industry and the tire sector. Furthermore, since the additional weight of batteries in EVs lead to enhanced stiffness, the demand for cutting-edge tires has accelerated. As a result, companies like Bridgestone have unveiled ENLITEN Technology that decreases tire rolling resistance by 30% and weight by 20% to expand EV driving range and reduce environmental impact. Therefore, the EV industry is attractive for expanding the tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
FAQs:
Q1) What are the types of tires in the aftermarket, tire replacement market?
There are two major types of tires, namely, radial and bias, in the tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
Q2) Which region will witness the fastest growth during the forecast period?
Asia-Pacific tire aftermarket, tire replacement is anticipated to witness the fastest growth, attaining a CAGR of 5.09% during the forecast period 2022-2028.
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tritonmarketresearch · 2 years ago
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Tire Aftermarket, Tire Replacement Market: A Competing Shift
Tire AftermarketA flat tire is among the several inconveniences vehicle owners aim to avoid. Whether due to valve system damage or blowout due to over-inflation, the absence of a proper tire can severely damage the wheel and trigger tire replacement. This drawback has instigated several tire producers to invest in R&D to develop high-performance, fuel-efficient tires, opening avenues for the global tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
Additionally, integrating systems like anti-lock braking systems, electronic power control, and tire pressure monitoring systems has upheaved the demand for tire aftermarket services. Our estimates have gathered that the global market is set to gain revenue worth $93.38 billion by 2028, rising at a CAGR of 4.43% during the forecast years 2022-2028.
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Developments in Aftermarket Services
Wait, did you say airless tires? Instead of air, tires are now integrated with a network of spokes that keeps the wheels rigid while giving them a see-through appearance. Each year, around 20% of tires are trashed due to puncture or uneven wear, stimulating manufacturers like Michelin to launch UPTIS airless automobile tire design that results in lower raw material and waste consumption. In this regard, the company has teamed up with GM to introduce UPTIS by 2024.
Besides, the tires’ ability to bear high weight and absorb shocks is anticipated to support the growth of the 16-18-inch rim size category. Numerous players have opted for this size since it offers additional grip, braking performance, and ride comfort, a major driving force for the tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
The Green Initiative: With the average crude oil price rising from $39.68 in 2020 to $97.64 in 2022 and the rising carbon footprint, the demand for energy-efficient tires has boosted the tire replacement market. Besides, advances in tire energy efficiency can decrease global fuel consumption by around 5% in passenger vehicles, per the International Council on Clean Transportation. This has led low rolling resistance tires to gain immense traction among consumers to lower their total carbon footprint.
Considering this trend, in January 2023, Goodyear revealed a demonstration tire made of 90% sustainable materials, including carbon black and soybean oil. While it stated the need for further collaboration to bring 90% sustainable tires into the market, the company plans to sell them with 70% sustainable material in 2023. Our analysis indicates that the radial tire type captures the highest share in the market as it has lower rolling resistance, achieving greater fuel efficiency.
Labeling Culture: Labeling has emerged as a viable solution to differentiate products from packaging to tires. However, governments are striving to implement standards to eliminate redundant performance classes from the scale. For instance, the label design will be changed in the US with snow and ice grip symbols. The European Commission also introduced Euro 7 standards for particle emission from tires and brakes to ensure cleaner vehicular movement and air quality across the region.
Other than this, the Indian government mandated new standards in 2021 to enhance fuel efficiency and braking impact on wet roads. Earlier in 2022, Michelin became the first tire brand to receive a 4-star rating by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, India, under the new star labeling program. Such steps by government bodies to promote sustainability are set to be a growth enabler for the Asia-Pacific tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
Electric Vehicle: Revving Up the Ride
Over the course of a decade, electric vehicle sales soared to reach around 7 million units in 2021. Fueled by the falling costs of lithium-ion batteries, the rising EV sales have revolutionized the automotive industry and the tire sector. Furthermore, since the additional weight of batteries in EVs lead to enhanced stiffness, the demand for cutting-edge tires has accelerated. As a result, companies like Bridgestone have unveiled ENLITEN Technology that decreases tire rolling resistance by 30% and weight by 20% to expand EV driving range and reduce environmental impact. Therefore, the EV industry is attractive for expanding the tire aftermarket, tire replacement market.
0 notes
kenresearch1 · 1 year ago
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Top 4 players in US Black Carbon market
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STORY OUTLINE
Cabot Corporation: A leading contributor of US Black Carbon market since 1882. Their products are known to provide UV protection and conductivity.
Birla Carbon: An Indian flagship business with more than 160 years of experience in the Black Carbon business.
Continental Carbon Company: Providing Black Carbon products in lines of Industrial Rubber Carbon Black, Tire Rubber Carbon Black, and Specialty Carbon Black since 1936.
Orion Engineered Carbons: Providing Black carbon products majorly in two areas, i.e., Rubber Black Carbon and Specialty Black Carbon for more than 160 years.
According to Ken Research, the United States Black Carbon market is anticipated to become a ~USD 3 Bn. industry by 2028 by growing at a CAGR of ~2.5%.
The US Carbon Black market is rapidly growing and is anticipated to attain a significant level of growth in the upcoming years.
There are many reasons behind the growth of US Carbon Black market. Some of these reasons include increasing automotive sales, industrial growth and increase in urbanization rates, along with rise in the demand for rubber goods.
Various companies and players are contributing to their best efforts in the growth of the US Black Carbon market.
This article aims to put light on the contributions done by the major players towards the growth of the US Black Carbon market.
1.Cabot Corporation
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Founded in 1882, headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, having more than 4000 employees worldwide, and presence in more than 20 countries along with a total revenue of USD 4 Bn. in 2022, this chemical company is a leading contributor of US Black Carbon market.
During 1993, their team was successful in developing a method or process of modifying carbon’s surface, which in turn allowed people to be able to change or modify the carbon surface with other chemicals.
This discovery also led to the development of various other technologies such as printer ink and inject colorants.
The products made by this organization has various applications in various fields such as consumer rubber products, adhesives & sealants, construction, digitalization, inject technology, oil, gas & mining, digitalization, fiber, plastics, tires, etc.
When it comes to Black Caron, this chemical company happens to be the largest producer of it. Some of the popular Black Carbon products offered by this organization include VULCAN, BLACK PEARLS, REGAL, MOGUL, ELFTEX, STERLING, MONARCH, etc.
One of the most amazing feature of their specialty carbons is that they are known to provide ultraviolet protection, and conductivity. Furthermore, these carbons are generally used in the areas of coatings, plastics, printing and packaging.
2.Birla Carbon
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Birla Carbon is one of the flagship business of the parent company Aditya Birla Group. This flagship business is the largest producer of carbon black and is a well-established business not only in the US Carbon Black but in the whole world when it comes to black carbon.
One of the interesting facts about this organization is that it has more than 160 years of experience when it comes to the Carbon industry. Moreover, this organization has 16 manufacturing sites, 2 corporate offices, 2 technology centers, and 8 offices situated in the whole world.
Their manufactured Black Carbon is primarily used in areas of Tires, Specialty Blacks, plastics, electronic products, and mechanical rubber goods.
Last year, they also have opened their remote black carbon showroom which is primarily done to get a knowledge of benefits along with applications of black carbon products.
Their black carbon primarily come in two types, i.e., Industrial and Rubber. Former’s products include COPEBLACK, RAVEN, and CONDUCTEX. While the latter’s products include STATEX and FURNEX.
Recently, they also announced that they aspire to achieve zero carbon emissions by the year 2050.
To achieve this aspiration, they are also following the Green Finance framework. Birla Carbon is also keen to achieve sustainability excellence. In fact, last year the celebrations for their decade of sustainable excellence were also done.
3.Continental Carbon Company
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Headquartered in Houston, Texas; with more than 500 employees and presence in almost 15 countries, the Continental Carbon Company is a leading American company in the US Black Carbon market. This company has been in this market since 1936.
They have various lines of work within their Black Carbon range. Industrial Rubber Carbon Black, Tire Rubber Carbon Black, and Specialty Carbon Black are primarily the three of their product lines.
Their Industrial Rubber Carbon Black is suitable for many things such as flex strength for belts & hoses, weather stripping, abrasion resistance for footwear, and commercial roofing. The products in this line include N550, N650, N660, N683, N762 and N774.
Their Tire Rubber Carbon Black is primarily provides fuel mileage, abrasion resistance, treadwear, hysteresis. The products in this category include N234, N326, N330, N351, LH30, N550, N650 and N660.
Their Specialty Carbon Black typically provides conductivity, UV protection, and pigmentation. The products in this category primarily include SBX152, SBX252, SBX352, SBX452, SBX552, SBX652, SBX256, SBX656, SBX 251, and SBX351.
4.Orion Engineered Carbons
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Operating in the Black Carbon market for more than 160 years, this German company is a well-established company in the US Black Carbon market. It has its headquarters situated in Luxembourg, Europe. On the other hand, its executive offices are situated in Houston, Texas, US.
This company was formed in the year 2011 when the Evonik Industries decided to sell off their Black Carbon business. Now this chemical company is known to be the pigment black’s largest producer, and rubber blacks’ third largest producer in the world.
Their product lines can be broadly divided into two categories: Rubber Black Carbon and Specialty Black Carbon. The former is primarily used in the tire industry while the latter is typically used paints, coatings, and lithium-ion batteries.
Footwear, Wiper Blades, Gaskets, Seals, Extruded Profiles, Tubes, Rubber flooring, Anti-vibration engine mounts, Seals, Belts, etc. are the primary applications of their Black Carbon products.
Their Black Carbon products primarily include Thermal Blacks, Furnace Blacks, Specialty Gas Blacks, Lamp Blacks, Acetylene Blacks, etc.
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summersartythoughts · 3 years ago
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The Evolution of Automobile Marketing in America
Automobiles are one of the largest and most important items that an individual can own, often prioritised beside owning a house and can become a crucial part of an every-day routine. Therefore, advertising alongside automobile sales is critical for car companies to successfully adhere to society. The first noted vehicle advertisement came to the public’s attention on 30th July 1898, (Wired., 2009), with the marketing of ‘Dispense with a Horse’, showcasing The Winton Motor Carriage in the Scientific American, which is known for detailing the works of Einstein and Fermi.
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1898 July issue of Scientific American.
The advertisement encouraged an idea of ‘save the expense, care and anxiety of keeping a horse’ and was on the market for $1000, which in modern transaction would be around $26,800. Alexander Winston, of The Winton Motor Carriage was a Scottish-immigrant bicycle maker who switched to building cars in 1896 and had managed to create the world’s largest auto factory by 1900. The advertisement was published in a magazine targeting the typical educated man of the time, and was received by the likes of such, as the first person to buy the car was Robert Allison, a mechanical engineer from Port Carbon, Pennsylvania. The payment for the car took longer than one week to receive in Cleveland, Ohio, where Winton Motor Carriage was based, and right after receiving the money, the vehicle was promptly shipped to Allison (Coal Region Canary., 2019).
In comparison to early advertising methods, the modern car is seen everywhere. Billboards, television, magazines, newspapers, social media, and so on… However, is the impact still as severe as the days of posters and magazine articles? The bold colours, statements, and sought-after sex appeal, is car marketing more than hiring a Hollywood actor to fake drive a car around a mythical place? This article will explore the evolution of car marketing and how advertising became inclusive to all genders, classes, and ages.
Black and White to Bold and Beautiful
Simple black and white adverts for the invention of automobiles were a sign of the times and symbolized a certain wealth and luxury. They were not an art piece or a dramatized scenario for the people’s entertainment, but rather a means to sell, their only purpose was to demonstrate an acceleration in mass production, affordability, and technology. In 1912, Henry Ford said, “Ford advertising never attempts to be clever”, but as time passed into a new decade, the 1920’s proved to be a step in the right direction for eye catching detail, with snappy and savvy punchlines that were hard to miss. However, this did not come without its share of past advertisements. In October of 1908, a full-page advertisement announcing the introduction of the Ford Model T, the full A4 page is covered with rich text and technical detail - the text in summary furthers Ford’s motto - which is still enforced to this day - ‘Ford: High Priced Quality in a Low-Priced Car’, and the advert was posted in Life and Saturday Evening Post magazine, (The Henry Ford., 2015). Ford was introduced in 1908 with the rise of interest within the automobile market, and marketed itself on the promise of affordability, efficiency, and reliability, which many other car companies decided to use as their standard to follow. By 1918, half the cars in America were Model T’s and by 1927 when the Model Ts were discontinued, more than 15 million Model Ts had been produced. From 1911 to 1915, Ford moved onto using quarter page advertisements, they continued using text for much of the advert over art and emphasised the price as this was the most attractive attribute of their invention. There were bold borders containing the advert and the use of empty space around the text disassociated these ads from all others on the same page. This ad ran on June 12, 1912, in the Horseless Age magazine. Henry Ford did not believe in paid advertising being worth it, and so during the 19 years that Ford Motor Company produced Model T, the company routinely discontinued national advertisements when the demand for the car stripped the company’s production capacity. As Model T sales declined in the 1920’s, Ford reinvented their national advertising department and caused the shift from the previous types of advertising characteristics and began featuring coloured illustrations to appear attractive to the public who were desiring fashionable goods and social standing. As well as being advertised as an affordable alternative for transportation, the Ford Model T was now offering practicality and style - ‘Among those women who are recognised in their communities as arbiters in matter of taste, the Ford Four-door Sedan enjoys unusually high favor.’
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Published in national magazines in January 1924.
Furthering into the 1920’s, 1925 saw Ford beginning to use women and children as a selling point and portrayed the Model T as a ‘key’ charm to the outdoor activities families would take part in, this advert appeared in the July 1925 issue of the Ladies Home Journal.
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July 1925 issue of the Ladies Home Journal
Heimann and Patton (2009, p.107) noted that ad agencies were brought in during this time for marketing campaigns to drive sales and continue being eye-catching as well as unproblematic and the public were sold the idea of action car chases from the Hollywood big screen. Moving into the 1930’s, America even though struggling with The Depression, car adverts sliced open the darkness enveloping the nation.
Surviving The Depression and Racism
1929 onwards was a particularly tough time for the American automobile industry due to the Wall Street crash which took place in October 1929, triggering the economic depression. The following years of 1931 and 1932 were especially difficult for the automobile industry to rebegin their business success, (Supercars., 2021). Due to this downfall of profit and sales, car companies soon realised they needed to design their cars to become more attractive to new buyers. This was no different for the advertising at that time. Much like Ford’s later advertising for Model T, the thirties revealed a love for vibrant colouring and sleek illustrations, (Rear View Prints., 2021). In 1930’s America, the cars stealing the attention of the public were the likes of the Cadillac and the Chevrolet. The Cadillac brand became a distinguished and luxury car brand that automotive historians and consumers have enjoyed for a very long time, (Motor Cities., 2015). Enthusiasts of the brand have always been keen to share the history of Cadillac designs, and the ads for the company never disappointed. From the 1930’s to 1970’s, the Cadillac was promoted to consumers in a series of ads that inspired hope and modernity within a down and depressed community. The first ad to appear for a Cadillac was in 1903 and was the first automobile advertisement to be published in The Saturday Evening Post. This ad from 1904 boasted about a Cadillac owner having driven a 93-mile journey without a single breakdown, emphasising the average speed of 13 miles per hour, (Saturday Evening Post., 2015).
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February 6, 1904.
Up until 1927, Cadillac ads were the norm for the time, with its black and white illustrations with a lot of text to support the selling of the item, however, as a new decade dawned closer, colour became a prominent selling feature. Due to Cadillac being rather unattainable for the time, the company began building a less expensive alternative named, La Salle, which remained in production until 1940.
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September 10, 1927
The inclusion of detailed drawings being the centre of the ad successfully attracted new consumers and appealed to a wider audience, instead of just gaining traction from higher class rich folk. By 1921 Cadillac was the most expensive car at a price of $5190, which would be $61,670 in 2009 dollars. However, by 1930, the luxury of the golden age automobiles virtually collapsed, in 1928, General Motors manufactured 1,709,763 vehicles in the US, 41,172 of them were Cadillacs, but by 1933 there was a decline of more than 54% in production. 779,029 vehicles were made, with only 6736 of them being the sales for Cadillac, an 84% decline, (Forbes., 2009). This all changed when Nicholas Dreystadt, the head of Cadillac’s service division, crashed a General Motors executive committee meeting, and put forward his ideas to increase profit in the following 18 months, with or without the great depression. Cadillac, known as a luxury car division, strategized to not have any black customers to keep their image with the higher public. The blatant racism was of the norm for the time and did not distress the public whatsoever and was practised by most other companies, but Dreystadt became curious as to why he saw so many black customers waiting for their cars to be serviced in the dealerships he would visit. He came to learn that these black customers had purchased their Cadillacs by hiring white men to act as the face of the customer. This caused him to realise without this barbaric rule of not selling to people of colour Cadillac would sell more cars as these people were willing to pay a middleman’s fee to invest in the vehicle, (Hagerty., 2019). The went on to brand themselves as, ‘The Worlds Standard.’
Although Cadillac were a step in the right direction to ease discrimination in the world of marketing, racist and discriminatory marketing campaigns did not end altogether. Volkswagen, founded by the Nazi government in the 1930’s, built the ‘people’s car’ and used slave labour from concentration camps in its manufacturing processes, (Medium., 2015). Aside from the terrible origins of the Volkswagen, the advertising for this company became knows as the marketing that changed advertising forever.
The Golden Era
The 1950s -1960s saw a change in advertising and the advertiser’s reliance on photography and artwork to impress the consumer and educate them on what they are going to be buying, (Rear View Prints., 2021). The ads depended on their audiences being somewhat familiar with the products without any nudging, they also began to depict upscale living that meets a feeling of ‘white picket fences’ and 1950’s modern living. The station wagon became more sought after and was often depicted in scenarios of familial activities such as days out, sports and the families themselves. Specifically, the Chevrolet Nomad and Pontiac Safari which the adventure of travel, from road trips to running the basic daily errand.
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1959 Chevrolet Nomad 4 Door Wagon Ad.
The ads took on a whole new purpose of not only selling a vehicle, but the American Dream.
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1955 Pontiac Safari Ad.
With the 1950’s being a notable time in history for its glamour, fashion and stars of Hollywood, women became more interested in furthering their interests to the luxurious cars of the time, thus leading the 1950’s to turn a corner with its automobile design and marketing. Cadillac began offering new colours to attract women buyers to the dealerships, these colours being Princess Green, Duchess Green and Mountain Laurel, which was a soft pink colour. They were manufactured in 1956, (Motor Cities., 2015).
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Cadillac advertising fashion inspired vehicles, targeting women, 1956.
The years 1953 to 1962, Cadillac advertised more female designers and fashion trends than any other car manufacturer in the United States. 1959 saw Cadillac advertising featuring beautiful women alongside the slogan, ‘take a lovely lady, place her at the wheel of a new Cadillac car and you have a delightful picture indeed.’ The most recognizable Cadillac advertisement for the 1967 Fleetwood Eldorado. The headline stated, ‘only one car can make a Cadillac owner look twice,’ and featured a man looking out of his half rolled down window at a 1967 Eldorado, and thus became the most talked about ad amongst peers of the time and historians to this day.
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Think Small Campaign of 1960
The end of the 1950s marked the beginning of Doyle Dane Bernbach and Volkswagen destroying the status quo of style and attractiveness for cars, as in drives the notorious Volkswagen Beetle. 1959 was the peak of automobile sales prioritising fashion statements, speed, style and design, but Volkswagen had other plans as they introduced their legendary ‘Think Small’ campaign, introducing the Beetle to the American audiences. ‘Think Small’ created by Doyle Dane Bernbach steered in an opposite direction to all other advertisements of the time, the typical ad would be brutally honest, bold and colourful - but the Beetle was small, slow and in theory an ugly foreign car created by the Nazi party. However, the admittance to these things appealed to the American consumers and soon became an iconic piece of American pride. The ads were not supposed to be lifestyle ads, but adverts to acknowledge their dependability and durability, making their case to encourage owning small, ugly car to be bold and smart, (4 A’s., 2017.)
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Think Small Campaign 1959.
The Volkswagen sold extensively through Europe in the 1950s, but competing manufacturers came to the realisation that small cars were up and coming and the people wanted them. This meant Volkswagen had a looming threat of competing car manufacturers and so sent a man named Carl Hahn to America to advertise their small wonder. Carl Hahn searched and searched for an agency to accompany him on this venture, and eventually found Doyle Dane Bernbach and received a pitch from Bill Bernbach - taking Hahn through DDB’s portfolio of works and Hahn was quickly impressed and believed he had finally found the agency to work with and rely on. Volkswagen and DDB signed a contract agreeing that DDB would get paid $600,000, which was a miniscule amount in comparison to the ad expense other manufacturers would pay, Chevrolet alone was spending $30.4 million on advertising. Joined by colleague Helmut Krone, Bill Bernbach and Carl Hahn travelled to Germany to visit the factory and, the DDB employees were extremely impressed with the work ethic and pride factory workers took in inventing these cars. Julian Koenig, a Jewish man born in New York City, unbothered by Volkswagens ties to the Nazi party, joined the team as a copywriter besides Krone and Bernbach. Soon the line, ‘maybe we got so big because we thought so small’ began making rounds amongst the men and the headline ‘Think Small’ came into play. Art director Krone was not happy with this development, but after much persuasion from Bernbach, they settled on ‘Think Small’ and began creating the advertisement.
The ad itself was traditionally laid out on a traditional ad layout, with an untraditional image. Krone is described as a ‘genius’ with his ability to take something familiar and boring and alter it just enough to make it brand new. There was the headline, the car - placed in the upper left corner, on a slight angle - and was engulfed in white space leading the viewers eye directly to the car. There were no ‘fancy’ illustrations, but just a simple black and white photographed advert. The decision to print in black and white was made mainly because Volkswagen did not have enough money to pay to print in colour, but this turned to work in their favour as the black and white ad struck the viewer and made impact when beside the colourful pages in Life Magazine. The advert was initially received with suspicion by other advertising agencies, but the public adored it. Of all ages, people were talking about it - to the extent that teenagers were ripping the page out of magazines to pin it on their walls - and this began the ad that became more than an ad, but a cultural impact.
The impact of the Volkswagen ads were continuously furthered through the whole of the 1950s-1961. The appearance of the car never changed which immediately eased pressure off those who could not afford to keep up to date with the newest in style, but impressed people of all kinds with its ability to withstand time, weather and other determing factors.
Continued in next post!...
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decesionforesight · 3 years ago
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Global Frac Sand Market
The Global Frac Sand Market held USD 7.2 billion and is to grow with a CAGR of 7.2% from 2020-2030. All sectors have relied on Materials and Chemicals to keep their manufacturing lines stocked with raw materials. Because of the critical significance of this business, we have a compelling need to comprehend its influence on the global economy. As urban environments evolve at breakneck speed, the sector has seen a spike in demand for specialty chemicals and diverse types of materials.A chemical compound is a separate substance or combination that has been created or refined intentionally, whereas a material is a compound that is used to make more complicated materials. Chemicals, both organic and inorganic in origin, are the fundamental components of many materials. Ceramics, adhesives, metals, composites, polymers, and glasses are all common materials. Chemicals and materials are used in a wide range of end-use sectors, including automotive, power and energy, agriculture, food and drinks, instrumentation, consumer products, aerospace and military, healthcare, and information technology. 
Download Sample Copy of the Report to understand the structure of the complete report (Including Full TOC, Table & Figures) @ https://www.decisionforesight.com/request-sample/DFS019963
Market Dynamics and Factors:
To reduce the negative impact of chemical manufacture on the environment, chemical firms are progressively embracing sustainable and environmentally friendly procedures. Chemical businesses may now create chemical goods using alternative fuels because of advancements in technology and chemical sciences. They use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make fuels, industrial goods, and other chemicals.For some years from now the pharmaceutical, nutrition, and hygiene industries will likely trend upward, while the automobile, construction, and consumer industries will likely trend lower. With a renewed focus on broadening product portfolios, end-user applications have become the major focus for most chemical firms, and they may take advantage of the current crisis to make product portfolio adjustments. Chemical businesses may consider aligning their product strategy with market movements, prioritising demand, and leveraging existing and near-term trends to profit on new sources of demand, such as hygiene goods and services such as antibacterial coatings. The rapid economic expansion in nations like India and China has driven demand for infrastructure and building, which has resulted in an increase in the number of infrastructural development operations. As a result, the chemicals and materials industry has a very favourable environment to expand in.
Browse Full report on Global Network Forensics Market @ https://www.decisionforesight.com/reports/frac-sand-market 
Market Segmentation:
Considering the type, the frac sand market is segmented into brown sand, white sand and others. Considering the mesh size, the market is bifurcated into 20/40, 30/50, 40/70, and 100. Further, on the basis of application, the market is segregated into gas extraction and oil exploration. Geographic breakdown of the above mentioned segments includes regions comprising Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific, and RoW.
New Business Strategies, Challenges & Policies are mentioned in Table of Content, Request TOC at @ https://www.decisionforesight.com/discount/DFS019963
Geographic Analysis:
On a regional basis, The United States accounted for the biggest proportion of the frac sand market in North America. The country's speciality chemical industry is being boosted by rapid industrial growth and technical developments in the industrial sector.Asia-Pacific accounted for one-third of total market share, the highest among all regions. This is due to the presence of important emerging economies in this region, such as China, India, and Japan, which accounted for the largest share of the frac sand market. Paints and coatings, water treatment, personal care products and cosmetics, electronics, agriculture, and other chemicals & materials are largely utilised in the Asia-Pacific area. For foreign investors, these locations provide excellent investment prospects. 
In Asia, China is the largest market for specialty chemicals.Value chains are rapidly moving eastward, driven by economic development and commercial possibilities in Asia, posing significant difficulties for the European chemical sector. State-controlled players and rising chemical behemoths are developing in a new, more competitive environment. In order to manage volatility on a playing field where trade flows change direction gradually, fragile economic circumstances must be managed. Understanding these difficulties and, more significantly, developing the best strategic alternatives to succeed in this new competitive climate, are at the top of any chemical executive's priority list. The MEA speciality chemicals market is being driven by the revival of the oil and gas sector, expanding agrochemical consumption in African countries, and increasing building activities for the creation of new industrial facilities, commercial centres, and housing projects.
Competitive Analysis:
The key players of global frac sand market are 
Major companies covered, 
Include Hi-Crush Inc, 
Black Mountain Sand, 
U.S. Silica, 
Fairmount Santrol, 
CARBO Ceramics Inc., 
Badger Mining Corporation, 
Preferred Sands, 
Emerge Energy Services LP, 
Smart Sand Inc,
Unimin Corporation. 
Connect to Analyst @ https://www.decisionforesight.com/speak-analyst/DFS019963 
How will this Market Intelligence Report Benefit You?
The report offers statistical data in terms of value (US$) as well as Volume (units) till 2030.
Exclusive insight into the key trends affecting the Global Frac Sand industry, although key threats, opportunities and disruptive technologies that could shape the Global Frac Sand Market supply and demand.
The report tracks the leading market players that will shape and impact the Global Frac Sand Market most.
The data analysis present in the Global Frac Sand Market report is based on the combination of both primary and secondary resources.
The report helps you to understand the real effects of key market drivers or retainers on Global Frac Sand Market business.
The 2021 Annual Global Frac Sand Market offers:
100+ charts exploring and analysing the Global Frac Sand Market from critical angles including retail forecasts, consumer demand, production and more
15+ profiles of top producing states, with highlights of market conditions and retail trends
Regulatory outlook, best practices, and future considerations for manufacturers and industry players seeking to meet consumer demand
Benchmark wholesale prices, market position, plus prices for raw materials involved in Global Frac Sand Market type
Buy This Premium Research Report@ https://www.decisionforesight.com/checkout/DFS019963 
About Us:
Decision Foresight is a market research organization known for its reliable and genuine content, market estimation and the best analysis which is designed to deliver state-of-the-art quality syndicate reports to our customers. Apart from syndicate reports, you will find the best market insights, strategies that will help in taking better business decisions on subjects that may require you to develop and grow your business-like health, science, technology and many more. At Decision Foresight, we truly believe in disseminating the right piece of knowledge to a large section of the audience and cover the in-depth insights of market leaders across various verticals and horizontals.
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gmiresearch · 3 years ago
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Carbon Black Market Research Report
Carbon Black Market
Growth opportunities in the Carbon Black Market look promising over the next six years. This is mainly due to their usage in manufacturing tires, mechanical rubber goods, plastics, toners, and printing ink and it's potential to absorb UV light and convert it into heat, which helps insulate wires and cables.
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Carbon Black Market Dynamics (including market size, share, trends, forecast, growth, forecast, and industry analysis)
Key Drivers
The ongoing expansion in the tire and automobile industry is one of the most crucial drivers contributing to the growth of the global carbon black market. The demand for private vehicles has witnessed a significant demand in recent years due to the accelerating population and higher disposable incomes. In addition, it helps to improve the lastingness and strength of tires by proffering superior pliable strength and abrasion resilience. Moreover, the manufacturing and construction sectors are increasing the implementation of industrial rubber and equipment. The rubber production is enlarging to serve the robust demand for rubber goods. These factors considerably bolster the carbon black market share. Moreover, it is excessively employed in plastics manufacturing because of its mounting use in electronic and electrical components, which will further strengthen the market growth.  However, the soaring use of silica as an alternative, instability in raw material prices, and escalating environmental concerns associated with its production might restrain the market's growth.
Process Segment Drivers
Based on the process, the market is segmented into thermal-oxidative and thermal decomposition processes. Amongst which, furnace black, a sub-segment of thermal-oxidative process, is projected to expand at a higher CAGR over the forecast period. This is primarily attributed to their utilization of rubber reinforcement and helps in the production of color pigments in cosmetics, increasing the inclination towards this process.
Regional Drivers
Based on the regional coverage, Asia-Pacific is predicted to lead the market over the forecast period. This is mainly because of the intensification in the tire and construction industry. The emerging economies, such as India and China, are largely investing in the development of residential and commercial buildings. In addition, the surge in demand for personal vehicles is stimulating the paints & coatings industry and the tire and rubber goods industry, which is thereby driving the market growth.
Carbon Black Market’s leading Manufacturers:
·         Cabot Corporation
·         Birla Carbon
·         DCL Corporation
·         Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corporation
·         BASF SE
·         SABIC
·         Phillips Carbon Black Limited
·         Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd.
·         Nouryon
·         Dow
Carbon Black Market Segmentation:
Segmentation by Process
·         Thermal-Oxidative Processes
o   Furnace Black
o   Channel Black
o   Degussa Gas Black
o   Lamp Black
·         Thermal Decomposition Processes
o   Acetylene Black
o   Thermal Black
Segmentation by Grade
·         Specialty Grade
·         Conductive Grade
Segmentation by Application
·         Tires
·         Coatings
·         Plastics
·         Printing Inks
·         Toners
·         Cosmetics
·         Electronics
·         Others
Segmentation by Region:
·         North America
o   United States of America
o   Canada
·         Asia Pacific
o   China
o   Japan
o   India
o   Rest of APAC
·         Europe
o   United Kingdom
o   Germany
o   France
o   Spain
o   Rest of Europe
·         RoW
o   Brazil
o   South Africa
o   Saudi Arabia
o   UAE
o   Rest of the world (remaining countries of the LAMEA region)
About GMI Research
GMI Research is a market research and consulting company that offers business insights and market research reports for large and small & medium enterprises. Our detailed reports help the clients to make strategic business policies and achieve sustainable growth in the particular market domain. The company's large team of seasoned analysts and industry experts with experience from different regions such as Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, among others, provides a one-stop solution for the client. Our market research report has in-depth analysis, which includes refined forecasts, a bird's eye view of the competitive landscape, key factors influencing the market growth, and various other market insights to aid companies in making strategic decisions. Featured in the 'Top 20 Most Promising Market Research Consultants' list of Silicon India Magazine in 2018, we at GMI Research are always looking forward to helping our clients to stay ahead of the curve.
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militantanthropology · 5 years ago
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Progress in the Time of Coronavirus
Two nights ago Vice President Joe Biden said that the people of the United States wanted “results not a revolution” in response to Senator Bernie Sanders’s call for overhauling the US-American economy and healthcare systems as a response to the Coronavirus epidemic. In stating this consultant written soundbite, Joe Biden revealed his political inadequacy (vulnerability) for the times we live in, and telegraphed his weakness in the coming general election. 
We live in a time of extremes, and the COVID-19 crisis is no exception. I cannot remember another moment in my lifetime where this kind of slow-moving disaster paralyzed the country. Although I was just a child when 9/11 happened, I remember the acuity of the crisis, unlike this chronic build up of anxiety and doubt we are currently experiencing. 
I want to respond to the Vice President’s myopia with a call to not only meet the demands of the crisis but also to see beyond it and begin to address the structural violence that undergirds the failures of our healthcare and economic systems to adequately prepare us for COVID-19. As Bernie has said, repeatedly, now is a time for solidarity, and to pay careful attention to the needs of those most vulnerable in our society. We are only as safe as the least among us. 
To that end, I propose that in any action we take to remedy this crisis we center on the needs of marginalized populations, with special care and attention given to rural communities like those in Indian Country, the Black Belt, and Appalachia; communities that remained economically depressed and marginalized prior to the arrival of COVID-19 and the subsequent disruptions in the modern global economy. If we center the needs and challenges of these communities during the crisis, we will be better able to assure that no issue is forgotten or cast aside. 
In addition to matters of quarantine and other issues that arise on an hourly basis, we need to expand welfare benefits universally with additional actions such as utility payment moratoriums, rent and mortgage suspensions, and student debt forgiveness so that those most burdened by the crisis are freed from daily living expenses. 
As the People’s Policy Project has recommended, I would like to see states and the federal government purchase cheap stocks to create a sovereign wealth fund that pays US-Americans dividends in the future. 
We need to pass a comprehensive single-payer health system (Medicare-for-All) that guarantees healthcare for diagnosis and treatment to all residents of this country, and if that fails, nationalize private hospitals and medical practices to fight the disease at no upfront cost to patients. 
We should direct the armed forces to begin setting up temporary hospitals and producing ICU equipment (in particular ventilators) in quantity for states and municipalities to purchase at cost for overwhelmed hospitals and health systems. 
We should explore requiring corporations to have a three month ‘rainy day’ fund for future crises. Why should a family be expected to have three months of expenses saved while airlines are allowed to spend down cash reserves on stock buybacks, which are a blatant manipulation of the market? Any bailout for carbon intensive industries should require decarbonization and regardless of industry, require the placement of workers on the companies board in the codetermination model laid out by Senator Warren. 
We need a Green New Deal stimulus package focused on decarbonization and public transit with limited to no funding for automobile infrastructure and gasoline consumption. New subway and high speed rail lines MUST be central to any transportation and infrastructure package passed by congress. 
We should expand provider training programs and subsidize the cost of medical, nursing, and pharmacy education, bringing down the price of public professional schools for these degrees to our  international peers if not eliminating them. 
Finally I would like to see the US Congress (or potentially large states such as California, New York, or Texas) create a public lab to mass produce cheap generic pharmaceutical drugs, and use revenue to subsidize clinical education for providers. 
There are doubtless other ideas and ones that should be included here that I’ve forgotten. However, the point is that we must not let this opportunity for “big structural change” go to waste. Indeed it is our moral obligation to address the maladies that allowed for the situation to get this dire if we are to avoid this kind of pandemic again in the future. 
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jessicaroy · 4 years ago
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7 Unknown Facts You Have Never Heard About Your Tires
As per the Statista research department, “the global auto industry expects to sell 59.5 million automobiles in the year 2020”. This number has been suggested considering the effect of the Corona pandemic.  So, the projection also includes a 20% drop in sales.
If that's the case imagine the mind boggling quantity of tires which will be sold in the same year. But I wonder how many riders give a hood to the car tires until they run flat!  
Tires are an important part of any vehicle. Understanding their importance, I decided to give this important component of our vehicle a deserving write-up. And what could be better than summing up some fun facts about tires?
So here it goes
The bumpy history of commercial tires
Initially, the rubber which is used to make the car tire was not seen as a commercially viable plant since it lost its shape rapidly with the rise of temperature. We need to thank Charles Goodyear for inventing the vulcanization process in 1839 which used sulfur to make rubber more durable and bendable to produce tires. Without Charles Goodyear, we would have been ridding iron wheels even now!
Unfortunately, Charles Goodyear died after going bankrupt. His invention was much ahead of his time and nobody knew how to use these rubber tubes in the vehicles. But his technique of using sulfur to increase the durability of rubber had already caught the imagination of others.
Then came Robert W. Thomson, a Scottish engineer. He was the first person to patent air-filled tires.  It was John Boyd Dunlop who introduced pneumatic tires in the market. These light-weight tires got a better response from consumers. By, 1888, commercial tires as we know them were gaining popularity among consumers due to the invention of bicycles.
What goes into the making of your car tires?
An estimate described that modern car tires contain over two hundred different materials. As already stated, sulfur is added during the vulcanization process. Also, since rubber is a white substance carbon black is added for making the tire durable and reducing hot spots. But that is not all, commercial tires also contain Kevlar, Steel, Nylon which are used during its manufacturing stage. In modern commercial tires, metal like Titanium is also used to help the compound attach to its rim. The list also includes Cobalt, silica, saline, and citrus oil. This is just the tip of the iceberg as the list is extensive. All these materials make tires durable, enhance its performance, and impacts its decelerating ability.
The fact that so much is put into the making of a single tire, it has recently triggered the whole concern about the environment cost and reusability of these tires. Next time when you decide to buy tires online, don't just browse for discount tires, but also look for creative ways to reuse the discarded ones.
The largest wheel
When it comes to creativity and imagination, trust me the tire manufacturers are not far behind in the race. Believe it or not, we do have a list of biggest, smallest, and the most expensive tires ever made. Currently, the biggest tire in the world is placed on display at Motor Town, on the Interstate I-94 Highway which is in Detroit. It is a giant wheel that is 80 feet tall and weighs 12 tons. It was originally built as Uniroyal’s promotion icon for the New York World Fair in the year 1964-65.
The smallest tires
The smallest tires were manufactured by a company that also holds the record of manufacturing the largest number of tires in the world. The name of the company is Lego. Yes, you read this right, I am talking about the Danish toy manufacturing company. In 1969, Lego built the smallest tires for its car and that my friend is no child’s play if you consider the fact that its largest Lego tires have a diameter of only 4.213 inches.
The most expensive tires
The most expensive tires come from Dubai which also holds the record in the Guinness Book. It was designed by Z tyre, a company based in Dubai and manufactured in China. The price quoted by the company was $600,000. The tires are decorated with 24-carat gold leaf and embellished with diamonds which is the reason for its exorbitant price. I doubt with so much of embellishment this wheel will ever touch the surface of our not so exclusive roads. But if you enjoy owning little bling than you should check them out when you decide to buy tires online.
The unusual tire experiments
Goodyear, the USA based tire manufacturing company during the 1960s decided to introduce illuminated commercial tires in the market. It was done by keeping the tire tube transparent and mounting light in the inner rim of the tires. Unfortunately, the whole idea got shelled because the tires look kinda odd during the day as the glow was visible only at the night. Then again, the dust, covered the tire to hide any luminosity that bulbs produced. The  idea hit another roadblock because of the expensive price of the rubber used to manufacture these tires.
That’s not the only unusual experiment that we have heard about. There are claims that the tire giant Michelin is developing an airless tire named ‘Tweel”, which will never go flat. We know that modern commercial tires have a staggering ability to run flat up to 50 miles at 50mph. So, it may not be very unusual to believe that French tire manufacturing company may soon be launching the tire in the market. It is made of recyclable organic material. It is said that Tweel will also be able to collect information about the vehicle and diagnose it.  
These were the seven amazing facts about tires. But before I end this article let me give you some more interesting information about the tire industry around the world. America’s Goodyear is one of the largest tire manufacturing companies, but it comes only in third place after Japan and France. While Japan has the largest tire manufacturing company named Bridgestone, Micheline tires of France is the second. Also, China is the biggest consumer of tires in the world.
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berniesrevolution · 6 years ago
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IN THESE TIMES
UNDER ORDINARY CIRCUMSTANCES, THE DEATH OF A HOMELESS WOMAN TRYING TO CROSS A ROAD IN ARIZONA WOULD BARELY AROUSE NOTICE. 
After all, about 16 pedestrians are killed every day on U.S. roads, and Arizona is one of the deadliest states.
But the March 18 death of Elaine Herzberg, 49, in Tempe, was an international news event. Herzberg—or “Miss Elle,” as she was known in Tempe’s homeless community—was struck by a Volvo SUV steered by Uber’s self-driving car technology.
She was the first pedestrian killed by a self-driving car.
Until recently, self-driving cars were an abstraction, a dreamy, far-off idea. Now they are literally crashing into us. Twenty-four U.S. cities are either running autonomous vehicle (AV) test programs or have committed to doing so, according to the Bloomberg Aspen Initiative on Cities and Autonomous Vehicles. Uber is one of more than a dozen firms racing to bring the technology to the market; some experts believe AVs could fully replace human-driven cars by 2040.
AVs are already influencing public policy. This spring, the Koch brothers’ group Americans for Prosperity helped defeat a $5.4 billion mass transit initiative in Nashville, in part by suggesting AVs would make such transit obsolete. In short, we are on the precipice of a major technological change, one that reshapes the way we live and travel in ways we can’t yet fully grasp.
In an oft-cited thought experiment, Robin Chase, co-founder of the car-sharing company Zipcar, offered two scenarios for how the self-driving revolution could unfold. She calls them “heaven” and “hell.”
In “heaven,” drawing on and expanding Chase’s vision, AVs usher in a new age of personal and civic well-being. Traffic deaths are eliminated; an 8-year-old child can bike to school in a major city without fear. As outdoor activity becomes safe and popular, public health outcomes improve. Urban dwellers rely on shared AVs and expanded public transit to get around and are largely freed from the financial burden of individual car ownership. Cities repair some of the damage done in the highway era. Massive surface parking lots are no longer needed, for example, and that space is repurposed for parks or desperately needed affordable housing. In a boon for the climate, AVs run on zero-carbon electricity. While some workers lose their jobs in the transition—such as bus drivers, truckers and delivery people—social policies like universal basic income help ensure a safety net.
In “hell,” however, AVs further entrench Americans’ already dysfunctional relationship with cars. Social isolation, congestion and inequality increase. Less concerned about long commutes, people sprawl across the countryside, eliminating farmland and establishing elite and exclusive communities far from the masses. The total number of miles driven increases exponentially, along with urban congestion. AV owners order their empty cars to cruise the city all day to avoid paying for parking. Buses are mired in heavy traffic or simply discontinued as public support for them erodes, leaving lower-income people stranded. The transition to AVs doesn’t coincide with a transition away from internal combustion engines. Passenger cars and trucks, already the source of roughly 15 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, increase their footprint dramatically, broiling the planet.
Right now, it’s unclear which direction we’re headed. But we are at an inflection point. The auto industry is pushing Congress to greenlight not only the testing of self-driving cars, but also sale to the public, currently lobbying a handful of Democratic holdouts in the Senate on a bill that would do just that. What’s lacking is what’s needed most: public oversight.
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(An advertisement circa 1878 depicts a runaway car, playing on early fears and skepticism of the automobile. The ad proved prescient, as cars would enable sprawl that has eaten into farmland across the country.)
THE NEW MOTORDOM
According to University of Virginia historian Peter Norton, who studies the early automotive era, we’re on the brink of the most sweeping technological change in transportation since the transition from the horse and carriage to the car about a century ago.
We’re just starting to fully recognize what was lost in that transition: Huge portions of downtowns turned over to parking lots; thriving communities cut through by highways; the death of legacy transit like streetcars; white flight and urban depopulation. The auto revolution even caused political polarization, as suburbanization created increasingly homogenous communities with increasingly divergent interests.
The popular myth is that Americans in the early 20th century immediately embraced cars. But Norton argues that the American “love affair with the automobile,” as the auto industry presents it, was carefully manufactured. The introduction of cars into cities was met at first with skepticism, even horror. The public was aghast when hundreds of people—disproportionately children—were run over and killed in streets where just a few years earlier they had been free to roam and play. The front page of the New York Times in 1924 pictured a car with a human skull mounted on the hood. “Nation Roused Against Motor Killings,” read the headline.
In response, car companies and other auto interests—a set of forces that Norton calls “motordom”—launched a lobbying and publicity blitz. One key battle was the struggle for a resource that remains hotly contested: street space.
Streets had been gathering places where merchants sold goods and children played. Urbanites were reluctant to cede this territory to noisy, dangerous and noxious cars.
A turning point came when motordom introduced the term “jaywalker,” branding pedestrians as intruders in the rightful domain of drivers. In 1921, for example, auto clubs recruited Boy Scouts to distribute cards to pedestrians in Hartford, Conn., that explained “jay walking” and instructed them how to properly cross the street. In 1952, a more explicit card distributed in Cincinnati read “I am a jaywalker” and gave the recipient a choice of hospitals to be delivered to when she was struck.
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There was continued resistance from engineers, planners and ordinary citizens, most notably New York City’s Jane Jacobs, the mother of contemporary urban planning, who fought expressways and advocated for mixed-use public space. But many urban planners, such as Jacobs’ nemesis Robert Moses, enthusiastically embraced the redesign of cities around cars. Zoning rules were overhauled to require a minimum number of parking spaces for most new development. Black and brown neighborhoods were torn down to make way for highways.
Norton sees echoes of motordom in the sunny depictions of an AV future. Ford’s website, for example, presents a “City of Tomorrow” with an enormous highway right through a city center. Norton points to a joint 2010 presentation by SAIC (a Chinese car manufacturer) and GM in Shanghai. The companies, he says, offered a vision of total auto dependence, imagining a world where “the minute you leave the door you’re in a pod of some kind looking at screens the whole time, and you never see anybody doing anything else.”
Tech and car companies developing self-driving vehicles, including Uber, Waymo, Ford and Volvo, established a lobbying group called the Self-Driving Coalition for Safer Streets in 2016. They hired the former head of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, David Strickland, to lead the effort. The group has lobbied Congress—so far successfully—to keep collision data secret.
(Continue Reading)
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