#Assam Citizenship India

[competitionpedia]

CAA: Issues in the legal challenge to the law

The CAA - 2019 amends India's Citizenship Act of 1955. Explore recently notified rules under the CAA by Ministry of Home Affairs, sparking further debate and scrutiny.

[metamatar]

Excerpted with permission from BREAKING WORLDS: Religion, Law and Citizenship in Majoritarian India; The Story of Assam, a report by the Political Conflict, Gender and People’s Rights Initiative at the Center for Race and Gender at UC Berkeley.

The publication of the draft NRC in Assam in 2018 revealed the exclusion of more than four million persons from the survey rolls. Reportedly, some people were excluded due to spelling errors in their names or inconsistent names in documents. After the draft list was made public, excluded individuals were permitted to submit further documentation proving their citizenship. While a majority were not of Hindu descent, reportedly between one and 1.5 million were Hindus. The exclusion of a large number of Hindus from the 2018 NRC list is presumed to be the foremost reason that changes were made to the citizenship law, and that the Citizenship (Amendment) Act of 2019 was enacted, whereby, in effect, only Muslims would be excluded from citizenship.

The (ostensibly “final”) update to the Assam NRC was undertaken on August 31, 2019. Approximately 1.9 million persons (numbering 1,906,657) were excluded from the 2019 published list, and may potentially lose their citizenship, and face expulsion, exile, and statelessness.

[...]

The Foreigners Tribunal of Assam remains the state mechanism for appeal for persons excluded from the NRC. Individuals may petition the Foreigners Tribunals with requisite documentation validating their citizenship. An appellant is deemed to be either “foreigner” or “citizen” as per the ruling of the tribunal. The process is hard, complex, and arbitrarily and routinely discriminatory. An analysis of 787 Guwahati High Court orders and judgments published by The Wire found that cases before the tribunals took about 3.3 years on average

[...]

September 2019, a Muslim family with land documents dating back to 1927 found that all members of their family were not on the NRC due to: “an objection filed [apparently anonymously] by someone against their inclusion in the final draft.” It is unclear who may file bad-faith objections or how they may be held accountable. Reportedly, approximately 250,000 such objections have been made, mostly anonymously.

[...]

Once declared a “foreigner,” an individual may be held in detention. Immigration detention centers are often locally referred to as “concentration camps.” Detention serves to criminalize and confine those deemed “illegal foreigners.” Without established limits or protocols for ethical resolution of the matter, detentions can be prolonged or indefinite unless deportation ensues. Currently, India operates thirteen detention centers, and others are being constructed to assumedly hold “undocumented” individuals.

[news365timesindia]

[ad_1] "Out beyond ideas of wrongdoing and rightdoing, there is a field. I’ll meet you there.” - Drawing inspiration from Rumi’s timeless words, ComMutiny - The Youth Collective and the vartaLeap Coalition hosted a landmark convening of 150 youth allies from across sectors on December 20th 2024: Beyond Right & Wrong: Youth Leadership is Changing the Game.   Young Climate Champions Celebrated by Intergenerational Allies from Across Sectors   Held at Gandhi Darshan in Delhi, the convening celebrated a national movement of allyship, envisioning a youth-driven future free from judgment, fear, or hierarchy. Mistakes became stepping stones for bold experiments, paving the way for sustainable change. Rooted in the values of the Indian Constitution, it called for reimagining leadership as a flow of daring ideas and micro-change experiments. A space where youth could rise beyond right and wrong to find their voice, take bold action, and shape the future, knowing they will be supported.   The event brought together an inspiring mix of influencers and leaders, including Jayant Chaudhary (Minister of State for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship & Education, Government of India), Yamini Mishra (Country Director, MacArthur Foundation), and Pragya Vats (Communications Specialist). Participants ranged from civil society organizations like Development Alternatives, WildTales, and vartaLeap Coalition, to philanthropic leaders like Rohini Nilekani Philanthropy and USAID, media voices like Citizen Matters and CSR Journal, and academic institutions such as Azim Premji University and ISDM. Youth leaders from Assam, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and beyond also took center stage. Their dialogues tackled pressing questions on youth engagement, ranging from building a strong case for youth-centric development to reimagining success metrics in an increasingly corporatized world.   In reference to the unemployment situation in the country Jayant Chaudhary, Minister of State Skill Development and Entrepreneurship & MOS Education, GOI said, “Skilling cannot work without placements. Corporates need to step up to create more job opportunities in alignment with the needs of young people and offer wages, commensurate with market growth.”   Ashraf Patel, Co-Founder of Pravah, ComMutiny - The Youth Collective, and the vartaLeap Coalition, added, “Skilling programs must broaden their horizons to include 'tough-to-define' professions like music, art, theater, and other creative fields. These fields resonate with young people, offering alternative career and livelihood opportunities while enabling them to discover themselves and social issues in meaningful ways. Such explorations offer constructive spaces for navigating identity and ideological differences, moving 'beyond right and wrong' polarities, and building a social fabric on the foundation of love and learning.”   The minister concluded the dialogue on a hopeful note, saying, “This coalition has consistently highlighted the critical need for active citizenship. I’m eager to see how these Jagrik journeys unfold and contribute to shaping the future!”   Key Highlights Grand Finale to a Climate Action Championship: Top 6 of 120+ intrapreneur teams, from across the country, pitched bold ideas, competing for grants to amplify their climate positive narratives. Kajal Kanaujia and Pankaj Ghute from We the Yuva, Gujarat; Md. Sadique Jahan and Alomani Tigga from Karra Society for Rural Action, Jharkhand; and Madhur Bhardwaj and Archana Sangulle from SHEDO, Madhya Pradesh; earned second runner up, first runner up and champion titles, respectively. Wicked Challenges of Youth Engagement: Allies explored wicked challenges, generating actionable insights to strengthen and improve youth engagement practices. Commitment to Change: Toward shaping a future where youth leadership is the norm, influencers pledged to mentor young leaders and help turn their social change visions into impactful realities.

Exchange of Experiences: Seasoned leaders exchanged their youth leadership stories and insights through dialogues, roundtables, an interactive gallery and an experience corner. Leading up to this event, 12 regional dialogues were organized by grassroots leaders, aggregating the voices of over 600 allies who committed to supporting and promoting the youth leadership. Together, these efforts exemplify how allies, moving from intention to action, can collectively redefine youth leadership and inspire systemic change.   If you see yourself as a youth ally, this is your invitation to rethink your approach to youth engagement. Leaders aren’t born, they emerge from the fields of action. Join this movement and co-create this youth-centric field of change… beyond right and wrong!   About ComMutiny – The Youth Collective and the vartaLeap Coalition ComMutiny - The Youth Collective is a community of practice that aggregates, accelerates and amplifies youth empowerment spaces. Through collaborative programming, public initiatives, and award-winning media products, ComMutiny has nurtured a nationwide ecosystem for youth leadership.   Recognizing the need to mainstream youth-centric development systemically and at scale, ComMutiny incubated vartaLeap in 2019 as a cross-sectoral coalition working toward the shared vision of ‘Every Youth a Jagrik, Every Space Nurturing Jagriks.’ (Jagrik is a self-awakened, active citizen) Together, this ecosystem of 250+ organizations has supported the learning and leadership of over 1 million young people and engaged 45.5 million individuals through campaigns. !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function()n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments); if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '311356416665414'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); [ad_2] Source link

[news365times]

[ad_1] "Out beyond ideas of wrongdoing and rightdoing, there is a field. I’ll meet you there.” - Drawing inspiration from Rumi’s timeless words, ComMutiny - The Youth Collective and the vartaLeap Coalition hosted a landmark convening of 150 youth allies from across sectors on December 20th 2024: Beyond Right & Wrong: Youth Leadership is Changing the Game.   Young Climate Champions Celebrated by Intergenerational Allies from Across Sectors   Held at Gandhi Darshan in Delhi, the convening celebrated a national movement of allyship, envisioning a youth-driven future free from judgment, fear, or hierarchy. Mistakes became stepping stones for bold experiments, paving the way for sustainable change. Rooted in the values of the Indian Constitution, it called for reimagining leadership as a flow of daring ideas and micro-change experiments. A space where youth could rise beyond right and wrong to find their voice, take bold action, and shape the future, knowing they will be supported.   The event brought together an inspiring mix of influencers and leaders, including Jayant Chaudhary (Minister of State for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship & Education, Government of India), Yamini Mishra (Country Director, MacArthur Foundation), and Pragya Vats (Communications Specialist). Participants ranged from civil society organizations like Development Alternatives, WildTales, and vartaLeap Coalition, to philanthropic leaders like Rohini Nilekani Philanthropy and USAID, media voices like Citizen Matters and CSR Journal, and academic institutions such as Azim Premji University and ISDM. Youth leaders from Assam, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and beyond also took center stage. Their dialogues tackled pressing questions on youth engagement, ranging from building a strong case for youth-centric development to reimagining success metrics in an increasingly corporatized world.   In reference to the unemployment situation in the country Jayant Chaudhary, Minister of State Skill Development and Entrepreneurship & MOS Education, GOI said, “Skilling cannot work without placements. Corporates need to step up to create more job opportunities in alignment with the needs of young people and offer wages, commensurate with market growth.”   Ashraf Patel, Co-Founder of Pravah, ComMutiny - The Youth Collective, and the vartaLeap Coalition, added, “Skilling programs must broaden their horizons to include 'tough-to-define' professions like music, art, theater, and other creative fields. These fields resonate with young people, offering alternative career and livelihood opportunities while enabling them to discover themselves and social issues in meaningful ways. Such explorations offer constructive spaces for navigating identity and ideological differences, moving 'beyond right and wrong' polarities, and building a social fabric on the foundation of love and learning.”   The minister concluded the dialogue on a hopeful note, saying, “This coalition has consistently highlighted the critical need for active citizenship. I’m eager to see how these Jagrik journeys unfold and contribute to shaping the future!”   Key Highlights Grand Finale to a Climate Action Championship: Top 6 of 120+ intrapreneur teams, from across the country, pitched bold ideas, competing for grants to amplify their climate positive narratives. Kajal Kanaujia and Pankaj Ghute from We the Yuva, Gujarat; Md. Sadique Jahan and Alomani Tigga from Karra Society for Rural Action, Jharkhand; and Madhur Bhardwaj and Archana Sangulle from SHEDO, Madhya Pradesh; earned second runner up, first runner up and champion titles, respectively. Wicked Challenges of Youth Engagement: Allies explored wicked challenges, generating actionable insights to strengthen and improve youth engagement practices. Commitment to Change: Toward shaping a future where youth leadership is the norm, influencers pledged to mentor young leaders and help turn their social change visions into impactful realities.

Exchange of Experiences: Seasoned leaders exchanged their youth leadership stories and insights through dialogues, roundtables, an interactive gallery and an experience corner. Leading up to this event, 12 regional dialogues were organized by grassroots leaders, aggregating the voices of over 600 allies who committed to supporting and promoting the youth leadership. Together, these efforts exemplify how allies, moving from intention to action, can collectively redefine youth leadership and inspire systemic change.   If you see yourself as a youth ally, this is your invitation to rethink your approach to youth engagement. Leaders aren’t born, they emerge from the fields of action. Join this movement and co-create this youth-centric field of change… beyond right and wrong!   About ComMutiny – The Youth Collective and the vartaLeap Coalition ComMutiny - The Youth Collective is a community of practice that aggregates, accelerates and amplifies youth empowerment spaces. Through collaborative programming, public initiatives, and award-winning media products, ComMutiny has nurtured a nationwide ecosystem for youth leadership.   Recognizing the need to mainstream youth-centric development systemically and at scale, ComMutiny incubated vartaLeap in 2019 as a cross-sectoral coalition working toward the shared vision of ‘Every Youth a Jagrik, Every Space Nurturing Jagriks.’ (Jagrik is a self-awakened, active citizen) Together, this ecosystem of 250+ organizations has supported the learning and leadership of over 1 million young people and engaged 45.5 million individuals through campaigns. !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function()n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments); if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '311356416665414'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); [ad_2] Source link

[arjasrikanth]

In a landmark ruling, the *Supreme Court* of India has addressed longstanding issues of citizenship and *immigration in Assam,* a pivotal moment for both the state and the nation.

By a *4-1 majority* , the court upheld *Section 6A* of the Citizenship Act, established by the *1985 Assam Accord.*

This provision enables individuals who migrated to Assam between *January 1, 1966, and March 25, 1971,* to apply for Indian citizenship after a ten-year waiting period.

This judgment marks a crucial step in navigating the *complexities of migration, citizenship, and indigenous rights* in Assam, a state that has historically struggled with these conflicting dynamics.

The ruling not only provides a *legal framework* for resolving citizenship issues but also emphasizes the importance of safeguarding the region’s cultural identity.

As Assam moves forward, it must adeptly manage the intricate relationships *between migration, citizenship, and identity, ensuring justice and dignity* for all its residents while paving the way for a *more inclusive future.*

http://arjasrikanth.in/2024/10/19/assams-identity-crossroads-supreme-courts-citizenship-ruling-reshapes-the-states-future/

[nando161mando]

’What Hussain describes can be seen in the National Register of Citizens exercise meant to identify undocumented migrants from Bangladesh. In 2018, a National Register of Citizens was published for Assam. The process of collecting data for this list spanned four years with applicants having to prove that they or their ancestors lived in India before March 24, 1971.

“Muslims faced immense trauma and suffering because of the NRC,” Hussain said. “They were asked to visit Upper Assam from Lower Assam overnight for document verification based on the complaints by the [Assamese] nationalist groups. But, not a single Hindu applicant was asked from Upper Assam to attend the hearing.”

Hussain describes the NRC as an exercise meant to even further dehumanise the Miya community using the stick of citizenship. “The state was in cohort with Assamese nationalists to dehumanise and harass us,” he said. “Citizenship is the mother of all rights. When citizenship is taken, there will be no other rights.”

Hussain fears that the newly implemented Citizenship Amendment Act will create even more problems for Miyas. The act allows non-Muslims from Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan to apply for Indian citizenship, even if they had entered India illegally.

“With CAA implementation, only Muslims have to prove their citizenship and if there is a small error or mistakes in documents, he may be sent to detention or deported,” he said. “These are dangerous times ahead for Muslims.��’

[naseemmohammedabdullah]

The Citizenship Amendment Act is the Bharatiya Janata Party's sinister plan to increase the percentage of Hindus in India while decreasing the percentage of Indian Muslims in the country!

According to The Indian Constitution, religion isn't a basis for granting Indian citizenship! India is the only,'democracy' in the world which grants citizenship based on religion!

In the absence of any proof, a person can't be included in the National Register of Citizens!

When National Register of Citizens was implemented in Assam, 19 lakh people lost their citizenship! Of these, 15 lakh were Hindus! The court order provided for establishing detention centres to house declared foreign nationals who have failed to prove their citizenship! As of January 2020, as per the government, there are ten operational detention centres in India! Did you know that Hindu priests and Hindu religious institutions are in charge of granting qualification certificates for those who want Indian citizenship?!

#VoteAgainstBharatiyaJanataParty

[metamatar]

it is a ban. if you bothered reading the article or knew anything about indian politics you would know that there is a simultaneous attempt to create a national register of citizenship where your neighbors can challenge your citizenship + any bureaucrat can deny you citizenship if your papers are incomplete. this is a country where government machinery barely operates, and even my upper caste hindu grandparents don't have birth certificates. india doesn't have birthright citizenship either. the article already points to this chronology happening in the state of assam. 4 million people were left off the register and then hundreds ended up in camps.

indians didn't protest in 2019 and characterise this law as a citizenship ban bc we're hysterical for fucks sake. the bjp is a sophisticated hindu nationalist force that seeks to confound by doing things this way, stop spreading hindu nationalist talking points and obscuring the islamophobia that animates india by trying to make a secular point about borders.

[angel0news]

Citizenship Act CAA Unconstitutional? 237 Petitions Before Top Court Today

Amid the row over the Centre's move to implement the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) weeks before Lok Sabha election, the Supreme Court will hear today a batch of 237 petitions challenging the law. A bench led by Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud and comprising Justice JB Pardiwala and Justice Manoj Misra will hear the matter.

Among the petitioners are Indian Union Muslim League (IUML), a political party primarily based in Kerala, and Democratic Youth Federation of India (DYFI), Congress leader Jairam Ramesh, Trinamool leader Mahua Moitra and AIMIM chief Asaduddin Owaisi.

The day after the Centre notified CAA rules, the two organisations approached the Supreme Court, seeking a pause on the implementation of the law. They termed CAA "discriminatory" against the Muslim community.

Back in 2019, when the Citizenship Amendment Bill cleared the Parliament, multiple petitions had been filed against it. But the court had not paused its implementation because the rules had not been notified. On Friday, Senior Advocate Kapil Sibal told the court that there was no question of a pause back then since the rules were not notified. Solicitor General Tushar Mehta then said that the fact that the rules were notified before the elections was irrelevant.

Under this law, non-Muslim migrants from Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan fleeing religious persecution can seek Indian citizenship. Persons from Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi or Christian communities from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh, who entered India on or before December 31, 2014, are eligible to seek citizenship under CAA.

The Opposition has slammed the Narendra Modi government over the timing of the law's implementation - four years after it cleared the Parliament. The move is "evidently designed to polarise the elections, especially in West Bengal and Assam", party leader Jairam Ramesh has said.

Trinamool Congress chief and Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has said she doubts the legality of CAA and alleged a conspiracy to "snatch citizenship rights". "BJP leaders say CAA gives you rights. But the moment you apply for citizenship, you become illegal migrants and you will lose your rights. You will lose rights and be taken to detention camps. Please think before you apply," she said.

The Centre has trashed the Opposition's allegations. Stressing that the CAA is not "unconstitutional", Home Minister Amit Shah has accused the Opposition of resorting to the "politics of lies". On the timing of the law's implementation, he said, "BJP made it clear in its 2019 manifesto that it will bring CAA and provide Indian citizenship to refugees (from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan). BJP has a clear agenda and under that promise, the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill was passed in both houses of Parliament in 2019. It got delayed due to Covid."

He has also said that minorities of the country "need not be afraid because CAA has no provision to take back the rights of any citizen".

[livewellnews]

Mamata Takes the Lead Against CAA in Siliguri: What’s Next for JJP and More Political Developments

In the ever-dynamic landscape of Indian politics, today brings forth a mix of rallies, legal battles, and significant moves by key players. Here’s a rundown of what’s making waves:

Mamata Banerjee’s Anti-CAA Roadshow in Siliguri:

West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee is set to lead a roadshow in Siliguri, taking a bold stand against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the proposed National Register of Citizens. This follows her recent declaration of the CAA as “unconstitutional and discriminatory.” Her vocal opposition has sparked debates and garnered attention, particularly in light of the upcoming elections.

Challenges in Assam and the Matua Factor:

In Assam, protests against the CAA continue, fueled by recent government announcements. Meanwhile, Mamata Banerjee’s remarks in Habra, North 24 Parganas, carry significance, especially considering the Matua population’s stance on the issue. The Matuas, a crucial electoral group, are divided over the CAA, posing a unique challenge for political parties seeking their support.

JJP’s Dilemma and the Rise of Nayab Singh Saini:

The political landscape in Haryana sees developments as Nayab Singh Saini assumes the role of Chief Minister. With the BJP-JJP alliance facing strains over seat-sharing, Dushyant Chautala’s next moves remain under scrutiny, especially amid internal dissent within the JJP ranks.

PM Modi’s Engagements:

On a national scale, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to launch the PM-SURAJ website, extending support to entrepreneurs from disadvantaged communities. Additionally, he will address the ‘India’s Techade’ event, emphasizing the importance of technology in India’s development trajectory.

Legal Battles and AAP’s Stand:

In the legal realm, the Supreme Court’s hearing of Manish Sisodia’s curative petition adds another layer to the political landscape. Sisodia’s case, stemming from the Delhi excise policy, underscores the ongoing legal battles intertwining with political narratives.

As the day unfolds, these developments shape the political discourse, highlighting the complexities and intricacies of Indian politics. Stay tuned for further updates on these evolving stories.

[competitionpedia]

CAA: Issues in the legal challenge to the law

The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) of 2019, passed by the Parliament of India, seeks to amend the Citizenship Act of 1955, which provides for the acquisition and determination of Indian citizenship.

Recently, the Ministry of Home Affairs notified the Citizenship Amendment Rules under the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA).

Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019

The CAA amends the Citizenship Act of 1955 to incorporate these provisions, marking a significant change in India's citizenship policy.

Aim: 

To give citizenship to the target group of migrants even if they do not have valid travel documents as mandated in The Citizenship Act, 1955.

To address the issue of persecution faced by religious minorities in neighbouring countries and provide them with refuge and citizenship in India.

The act provides a fast-track path to Indian citizenship for religious minorities – Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian – from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.

The act has also cut the period of citizenship by naturalisation from 11 years to 5 i.e. eligible immigrants from these countries who entered India before December 31, 2014, can apply for citizenship under the CAA.

Thus, the amendment relaxed the requirements for certain categories of migrants, specifically based on religious lines, originating from three neighbouring countries with Muslim-majority populations.

It is noteworthy that the act does not include Muslims among the eligible religious groups for expedited citizenship.

Criticism: The act violates the secular principles enshrined in the Indian Constitution by discriminating against Muslims and undermining the idea of equal treatment under the law.

Exempted Areas: Certain categories of areas, such as tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura, as well as areas safeguarded by the 'Inner Line' system, were excluded from the scope of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA).

Eligibility

Under the CAA Rules, migrants from these nations are required to demonstrate their country of origin, their religion, the date of their entry into India, and proficiency in an Indian language as prerequisites for applying for Indian citizenship.

Additionally, any document indicating that "either of the parents or grandparents or great-grandparents of the applicant is or had been a citizen of one of the three countries" is also acceptable.

The Rules specify 20 documents that can establish the date of entry into India for admissible proof.

Challenges in the implementation of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA)

Legal Challenges:

Constitutional Validity: The CAA has faced legal challenges regarding its constitutionality, particularly with respect to Articles 14 (equality before law) and 15 (prohibition of discrimination) of the Indian Constitution. By providing preferential treatment to certain religious groups while excluding others, the CAA contravenes these fundamental rights and is seen as discriminatory and contrary to the principle of equality.

Against Secularism: The CAA's focus on granting citizenship based on religious lines, specifically excluding Muslims, is seen as contrary to the secular ethos of the Indian Constitution.

State Opposition: Several states have opposed the implementation of the CAA, leading to potential legal conflicts between the central government and state governments.

Administrative Challenges:

Documentation Verification: Verifying the authenticity of documents proving the eligibility criteria specified in the CAA can pose a significant administrative burden.

Infrastructure: Lack of adequate infrastructure and resources in government departments responsible for processing citizenship applications may hinder the smooth implementation of the CAA.

Social and Political Challenges:

Communal Tensions: The exclusion of Muslims from the purview of the CAA has led to communal tensions and polarization, affecting social harmony in various parts of the country.

Citizenship Criteria: The religious-based criteria for citizenship under the CAA have sparked debates about the secular nature of the Indian state and have been criticized for undermining the principles of equality and inclusivity.

Protest and Opposition: Widespread protests against the CAA have created political challenges for the government, leading to public unrest and opposition from various civil society groups and political parties.

International Relations:

Diplomatic Fallout: The CAA has strained relations with neighbouring countries like Bangladesh, which have expressed concerns about its impact on bilateral relations and regional stability.

Refugee Crisis: The CAA's focus on granting citizenship to persecuted minorities from neighbouring countries could exacerbate refugee crises and strain India's relations with international bodies and humanitarian organizations.

Economic Challenges:

Resource Allocation: Implementing the CAA may require significant financial resources for processing citizenship applications, accommodating new citizens, and addressing potential socio-economic challenges arising from demographic changes.

Section 6A of The Citizenship Act, 1955 and Assam: 

Section 6A was incorporated into the Citizenship Act subsequent to the signing of the Assam Accord in 1985. The Accord outlines the criteria for identifying foreigners in the state of Assam, establishing March 24, 1971, as the cutoff date, which contradicts the cutoff date specified in the CAA 2019.

[brookston]

Holidays 2.16

Holidays

Akiyoshidai Yamayaki (Japan)

Archbishop Janani Luwum Memorial Day (Uganda)

Bir Chilarai Divas (Assam, India)

Bumper Car Day

Cheque Day

Citizenship Day (Canada)

Cyclamen Day (French Republic)

Day of the Shining Star (North Korea)

Do A Grouch A Favor Day

Elizabeth Peratrovich Day (Alaska)

First 911 Call Day

Gator Nation Giving Day (Florida)

Gold Standard Day

Harvey the Hound Day (Canada)

Heart’s Day (Elder Scrolls)

IEEE Foundation Day

Innovation Day

International Black Aviation Day

International Jewish Day of Constructive Conflict

Kick Day

Kyoto Protocol Day

LOINC Day

Makha Bucha Day (Thailand)

National Buna Day (Ethiopia)

National No One Eats Alone Day

Nine-One-One Day

Restoration of Lithuania's Statehood Day

Tutankhamen’s Tomb Day

216 Day (Ohio)

Wear Purple for Kyoto Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Feast of Sticky Buns

International Syrah Day

National Almond Day

Tartar Sauce Day

Tim Tam Day (Australia)

3rd Friday in February

Care Day (UK) [3rd Friday]

Fry Day (Pastafarian; Fritism) [Every Friday]

Global Divestment Day (UK) [Friday of Go Green Week]

Heritage Day (Yukon Territory, Canada) [3rd Friday]

National Caregivers Day [3rd Friday]

National Woman’s Heart Day [3rd Friday]

World Porter Day [3rd Friday]

Weekly Holidays beginning February 16

Girl Scout Cookie Weekend [thru 2.18]

National FFA Week [thru 2.24]

Independence & Related Days

Lithuania (from Russia & German Empire, 1918)

Sovereignty Day (Serbia)

Festivals Beginning February 16, 2024

Adelaide Fringe Festval Adelaide, South Australia) [thru 3.17]

Babcock Ranch Seafood & Music Festival (Punta Gorda, Florida) [thru 2.18]

Carnevale di Venezia (Venice, Italy) [thru 3.5]

Festival du Voyageur (Winnipeg, Canada) [thru 2.25]

Fiddler Crab Festival (Steinhatchee, Florida) [thru 2.18]

Great Backyard Bird Count [thru 2.19]

Inter Varsity Folk Dance Festival (York, UK) [thru 2.18]

New Zealand Fringe Festival (Wellington, New Zealand) [thru 3.9]

Philippine International Hot Air Balloon Fiesta (Capas, Philippines) [thru 2.18]

Riverside County Fair & National Date Festival (Indio, California) [thru 2.25]

WBCA Jalapeño Festival (Lardeo, Texas)

Wine & Chowder Trails (Florence, Oregon) [thru 2.18]

Feast Days

Abda of Edessa (Christian; Saint)

Armand Guillaumin (Artology)

Bonten Matsuri festival begins (Asking for Good Crops; Japan)

Charles Todd Quintard (Episcopal Church (USA))

Cremation Wednesday (Church of the SubGenius)

Devil’s Dance (Everyday Wicca)

Elias, Jeremy, Isaias, Samuel, and Daniel (Christian; Egyptian Martyrs)

Friday after Shrove Tuesday (Western Christianity) [44 Days before Easter (a.k.a. ... 

Friday Fish Fry Day (Midwest US)

National Tartar Sauce Day

Kissing Friday

Nippy Hug Day (Westmoreland, UK)

Gilbert of Sempringham (Christian; Saint)

Gregory X, Pope (Christian; Saint)

Guru Ravidas Jayanti (a.k.a. Magha Purinma; Parts of India)

Hash Wednesday (Church of the SubGenius)

Iace (a.k.a. Tatto) of Scotland (Christian; Saint)

Iain Bank (Writerism)

Juliana of Nicomedia (Catholic Church; Virgin & Martyr)

Juvenal (Positivist; Saint)

Kanō Eitoku (Artology)

Michelangelo Cerquozzi (Artology)

Onesimus (Christian; Saint)

Platypus Pondering Day (Pastafarian)

Respectable Tales of Kelp-Koli (Shamanism) [5 Minutes]

Richard Ford (Writerism)

Secret Patience Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Three Good Deaths Day [Salmon, Pigs, Robbers] (Celtic Book of Days)

Vasant Panchami (a.k.a. Saraswati Puja; Celebrating harvest goddess Saraswati; Hindu)

Victoria — Nike’s Day (Pagan)

Warren Ellis (Writerism)

Zowie-Zown the Upside-Down Clown (Muppetism)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Prime Number Day: 47 [15 of 72]

Sensho (先勝 Japan) [Good luck in the morning, bad luck in the afternoon.]

Premieres

Ants in Your Pantry (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1945)

Black Panther (Film; 2018)

The Bostonians, by Henry James (Novel; 1885)

Bridge to Tarabithia (Film; 2007)

Bringing Up Baby (Film; 1938)

Carousel (Film; 1956)

Cher (TV Series; 1975)

Down to Earth (Film; 2001)

The Duck Doctor (Tom & Jerry Cartoon; 1952)

Early Man (Animated Film; 2018)

Factory Girl (Film; 2007)

Fit to be Toyed (Modern Madcaps Cartoon; 1959)

Ghost Rider (Film; 2007)

Gift Wrapped (WB LT Cartoon; 1952)

Happy Gilmore (Film; 1996)

Jersey Bounce, by Shep Fields and His Orchestra (Song; 1942)

Let’s You and Him Fight (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1934)

The Little Red Hen (Ub Iwerks Cartoon; 1934)

The Mad Hatter (Woody Woodpecker Cartoon; 1948)

The Man Who Folded Himself, by David Gerrold (Novel; 1973)

Muppet Treasure Island (Film; 1996)

My Mom’s Having a Baby (DePatie-Freleng Animated TV Special; 1977)

The Saint and the Hapsburg Necklace, by Christopher Short (Novel; 1976) [Saint #46]

Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo (WB Animated Film; 2010)

Sexual Politics, by Kate Millett (Political Theory; 1970)

Spanish Harlem, recorded by Aretha Franklin (Song; 1971)

Sweet November (Film; 2001)

Time Regained, by Marcel Proust (Novel; 1927)

The Venture Bros. (Animated TV Series; 2003)

Werther, by Jules Massenet (Opera; 1892)

When the Cat’s Away (Happy Harmonies Cartoon; 1935)

The Witches (Film; 1990)

Today’s Name Days

Adalbert, Juliana, Liane, Philippa (Austria)

Julijana, Miljenko, Samuel (Croatia)

Ljuba (Czech Republic)

Juliane (Denmark)

Alda, Aldi, Miralda, Miranda, Valda, Velda (Estonia)

Kai (Finland)

Julienne, Lucile, Onésime (France)

Juliana, Liane (Germany)

Pamfillie, Pamfillos, Sele (Greece)

Julianna, Lilla (Hungary)

Faustino, Giorgia, Giovita, Sigfrido (Italy)

Aloizs, Alvils, Olafs, Olavs, Ulafs (Latvia)

Girdenė, Girdenis, Jovita, Jurgita, Vytis (Lithuania)

Sigbjørn, Sigfred (Norway)

Faustyn, Georgia, Georgina, Jordan, Jowita, Józef, Klaudiusz, Przybyrad, Sewer (Poland)

Onisim (Romania)

Pravoslav (Slovakia)

Claudio, Faustino (Spain)

Sigfrid (Sweden)

Georgette, Georgia, Georgina, Jovan, Jovita, Siegfried, Sigrid, Sue, Susan, Susana, Susanna, Susie, Suzanne (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 47 of 2024; 319 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 5 of week 7 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Luis (Rowan) [Day 27 of 28]

Chinese: Month 1 (Bing-Yin), Day 7 ()

Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025)

Hebrew: 7 Adair I 5784

Islamic: 6 Sha’ban 1445

J Cal: 17 Grey; Threesday [17 of 30]

Julian: 3 February 2024

Moon: 50%: 1st Quarter

Positivist: 19 Homer (2nd Month) [Juvenal]

Runic Half Month: Sigel (Sun) [Day 8 of 15]

Season: Winter (Day 58 of 89)

Week: 2nd Week of February

Zodiac: Capricorn (Day 26 of 28)

[news365timesindia]

[ad_1] GG News Bureau New Delhi, 18th Oct. In a landmark ruling on October 17, 2024, a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court of India delivered a 4:1 majority verdict affirming the constitutionality of Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955. This provision grants citizenship to immigrants who entered Assam between January 1, 1966, and March 25, 1971. The ruling has the potential to significantly impact Assam’s ongoing National Register of Citizens (NRC) exercise. The five-judge Bench, led by Chief Justice of India (CJI) D.Y. Chandrachud, saw Justice Surya Kant author the lead majority opinion, with the Chief Justice himself providing a concurring judgment. However, dissenting opinions emerged, notably from Justice J.B. Pardiwala, who deemed the provision unconstitutional with a prospective effect. CJI Chandrachud articulated that the mere presence of diverse ethnic groups within a state does not constitute a violation of Article 29(1) of the Constitution, which safeguards the interests of minorities. Justice Kant echoed this sentiment, stating that Section 6A embodies the “spirit of fraternity,” thereby reinforcing the legality of the provision. Conversely, Justice Pardiwala argued that while the statutory provision may have been constitutionally valid at its inception, it has become “unconstitutional” over time, reflecting changing socio-political dynamics. Section 6A was introduced to the Citizenship Act as part of the Assam Accord, signed on August 15, 1985, by then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and representatives of the Assam Movement. This provision was designed to address concerns arising from the influx of immigrants during the tumultuous period surrounding the Indo-Pakistan War in 1971. Under its terms, foreigners who entered Assam before January 1, 1966, and had been “ordinarily resident” in the state, would enjoy all the rights and obligations of Indian citizens. Those who entered between January 1, 1966, and March 25, 1971, would have similar rights, albeit with a ten-year voting restriction. The ruling is poised to shape Assam’s NRC exercise, a contentious process aimed at identifying illegal immigrants in the state. The NRC has been a source of significant political and social unrest, with widespread implications for citizenship, identity, and regional stability. As the implications of the ruling unfold, stakeholders in Assam and beyond will be closely monitoring its impact on immigration, citizenship rights, and the overall socio-political landscape. The post SC Upholds Citizenship Act’s Section 6A, Affects Assam’s NRC Landscape appeared first on Global Governance News- Asia's First Bilingual News portal for Global News and Updates. [ad_2] Source link

[news365times]

[ad_1] GG News Bureau New Delhi, 18th Oct. In a landmark ruling on October 17, 2024, a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court of India delivered a 4:1 majority verdict affirming the constitutionality of Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955. This provision grants citizenship to immigrants who entered Assam between January 1, 1966, and March 25, 1971. The ruling has the potential to significantly impact Assam’s ongoing National Register of Citizens (NRC) exercise. The five-judge Bench, led by Chief Justice of India (CJI) D.Y. Chandrachud, saw Justice Surya Kant author the lead majority opinion, with the Chief Justice himself providing a concurring judgment. However, dissenting opinions emerged, notably from Justice J.B. Pardiwala, who deemed the provision unconstitutional with a prospective effect. CJI Chandrachud articulated that the mere presence of diverse ethnic groups within a state does not constitute a violation of Article 29(1) of the Constitution, which safeguards the interests of minorities. Justice Kant echoed this sentiment, stating that Section 6A embodies the “spirit of fraternity,” thereby reinforcing the legality of the provision. Conversely, Justice Pardiwala argued that while the statutory provision may have been constitutionally valid at its inception, it has become “unconstitutional” over time, reflecting changing socio-political dynamics. Section 6A was introduced to the Citizenship Act as part of the Assam Accord, signed on August 15, 1985, by then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and representatives of the Assam Movement. This provision was designed to address concerns arising from the influx of immigrants during the tumultuous period surrounding the Indo-Pakistan War in 1971. Under its terms, foreigners who entered Assam before January 1, 1966, and had been “ordinarily resident” in the state, would enjoy all the rights and obligations of Indian citizens. Those who entered between January 1, 1966, and March 25, 1971, would have similar rights, albeit with a ten-year voting restriction. The ruling is poised to shape Assam’s NRC exercise, a contentious process aimed at identifying illegal immigrants in the state. The NRC has been a source of significant political and social unrest, with widespread implications for citizenship, identity, and regional stability. As the implications of the ruling unfold, stakeholders in Assam and beyond will be closely monitoring its impact on immigration, citizenship rights, and the overall socio-political landscape. The post SC Upholds Citizenship Act’s Section 6A, Affects Assam’s NRC Landscape appeared first on Global Governance News- Asia's First Bilingual News portal for Global News and Updates. [ad_2] Source link

[brookstonalmanac]

Holidays 2.16

Holidays

Akiyoshidai Yamayaki (Japan)

Archbishop Janani Luwum Memorial Day (Uganda)

Bir Chilarai Divas (Assam, India)

Bumper Car Day

Cheque Day

Citizenship Day (Canada)

Cyclamen Day (French Republic)

Day of the Shining Star (North Korea)

Do A Grouch A Favor Day

Elizabeth Peratrovich Day (Alaska)

First 911 Call Day

Gator Nation Giving Day (Florida)

Gold Standard Day

Harvey the Hound Day (Canada)

Heart’s Day (Elder Scrolls)

IEEE Foundation Day

Innovation Day

International Black Aviation Day

International Jewish Day of Constructive Conflict

Kick Day

Kyoto Protocol Day

LOINC Day

Makha Bucha Day (Thailand)

National Buna Day (Ethiopia)

National No One Eats Alone Day

Nine-One-One Day

Restoration of Lithuania's Statehood Day

Tutankhamen’s Tomb Day

216 Day (Ohio)

Wear Purple for Kyoto Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Feast of Sticky Buns

International Syrah Day

National Almond Day

Tartar Sauce Day

Tim Tam Day (Australia)

3rd Friday in February

Care Day (UK) [3rd Friday]

Fry Day (Pastafarian; Fritism) [Every Friday]

Global Divestment Day (UK) [Friday of Go Green Week]

Heritage Day (Yukon Territory, Canada) [3rd Friday]

National Caregivers Day [3rd Friday]

National Woman’s Heart Day [3rd Friday]

World Porter Day [3rd Friday]

Weekly Holidays beginning February 16

Girl Scout Cookie Weekend [thru 2.18]

National FFA Week [thru 2.24]

Independence & Related Days

Lithuania (from Russia & German Empire, 1918)

Sovereignty Day (Serbia)

Festivals Beginning February 16, 2024

Adelaide Fringe Festval Adelaide, South Australia) [thru 3.17]

Babcock Ranch Seafood & Music Festival (Punta Gorda, Florida) [thru 2.18]

Carnevale di Venezia (Venice, Italy) [thru 3.5]

Festival du Voyageur (Winnipeg, Canada) [thru 2.25]

Fiddler Crab Festival (Steinhatchee, Florida) [thru 2.18]

Great Backyard Bird Count [thru 2.19]

Inter Varsity Folk Dance Festival (York, UK) [thru 2.18]

New Zealand Fringe Festival (Wellington, New Zealand) [thru 3.9]

Philippine International Hot Air Balloon Fiesta (Capas, Philippines) [thru 2.18]

Riverside County Fair & National Date Festival (Indio, California) [thru 2.25]

WBCA Jalapeño Festival (Lardeo, Texas)

Wine & Chowder Trails (Florence, Oregon) [thru 2.18]

Feast Days

Abda of Edessa (Christian; Saint)

Armand Guillaumin (Artology)

Bonten Matsuri festival begins (Asking for Good Crops; Japan)

Charles Todd Quintard (Episcopal Church (USA))

Cremation Wednesday (Church of the SubGenius)

Devil’s Dance (Everyday Wicca)

Elias, Jeremy, Isaias, Samuel, and Daniel (Christian; Egyptian Martyrs)

Friday after Shrove Tuesday (Western Christianity) [44 Days before Easter (a.k.a. ... 

Friday Fish Fry Day (Midwest US)

National Tartar Sauce Day

Kissing Friday

Nippy Hug Day (Westmoreland, UK)

Gilbert of Sempringham (Christian; Saint)

Gregory X, Pope (Christian; Saint)

Guru Ravidas Jayanti (a.k.a. Magha Purinma; Parts of India)

Hash Wednesday (Church of the SubGenius)

Iace (a.k.a. Tatto) of Scotland (Christian; Saint)

Iain Bank (Writerism)

Juliana of Nicomedia (Catholic Church; Virgin & Martyr)

Juvenal (Positivist; Saint)

Kanō Eitoku (Artology)

Michelangelo Cerquozzi (Artology)

Onesimus (Christian; Saint)

Platypus Pondering Day (Pastafarian)

Respectable Tales of Kelp-Koli (Shamanism) [5 Minutes]

Richard Ford (Writerism)

Secret Patience Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Three Good Deaths Day [Salmon, Pigs, Robbers] (Celtic Book of Days)

Vasant Panchami (a.k.a. Saraswati Puja; Celebrating harvest goddess Saraswati; Hindu)

Victoria — Nike’s Day (Pagan)

Warren Ellis (Writerism)

Zowie-Zown the Upside-Down Clown (Muppetism)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Prime Number Day: 47 [15 of 72]

Sensho (先勝 Japan) [Good luck in the morning, bad luck in the afternoon.]

Premieres

Ants in Your Pantry (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1945)

Black Panther (Film; 2018)

The Bostonians, by Henry James (Novel; 1885)

Bridge to Tarabithia (Film; 2007)

Bringing Up Baby (Film; 1938)

Carousel (Film; 1956)

Cher (TV Series; 1975)

Down to Earth (Film; 2001)

The Duck Doctor (Tom & Jerry Cartoon; 1952)

Early Man (Animated Film; 2018)

Factory Girl (Film; 2007)

Fit to be Toyed (Modern Madcaps Cartoon; 1959)

Ghost Rider (Film; 2007)

Gift Wrapped (WB LT Cartoon; 1952)

Happy Gilmore (Film; 1996)

Jersey Bounce, by Shep Fields and His Orchestra (Song; 1942)

Let’s You and Him Fight (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1934)

The Little Red Hen (Ub Iwerks Cartoon; 1934)

The Mad Hatter (Woody Woodpecker Cartoon; 1948)

The Man Who Folded Himself, by David Gerrold (Novel; 1973)

Muppet Treasure Island (Film; 1996)

My Mom’s Having a Baby (DePatie-Freleng Animated TV Special; 1977)

The Saint and the Hapsburg Necklace, by Christopher Short (Novel; 1976) [Saint #46]

Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo (WB Animated Film; 2010)

Sexual Politics, by Kate Millett (Political Theory; 1970)

Spanish Harlem, recorded by Aretha Franklin (Song; 1971)

Sweet November (Film; 2001)

Time Regained, by Marcel Proust (Novel; 1927)

The Venture Bros. (Animated TV Series; 2003)

Werther, by Jules Massenet (Opera; 1892)

When the Cat’s Away (Happy Harmonies Cartoon; 1935)

The Witches (Film; 1990)

Today’s Name Days

Adalbert, Juliana, Liane, Philippa (Austria)

Julijana, Miljenko, Samuel (Croatia)

Ljuba (Czech Republic)

Juliane (Denmark)

Alda, Aldi, Miralda, Miranda, Valda, Velda (Estonia)

Kai (Finland)

Julienne, Lucile, Onésime (France)

Juliana, Liane (Germany)

Pamfillie, Pamfillos, Sele (Greece)

Julianna, Lilla (Hungary)

Faustino, Giorgia, Giovita, Sigfrido (Italy)

Aloizs, Alvils, Olafs, Olavs, Ulafs (Latvia)

Girdenė, Girdenis, Jovita, Jurgita, Vytis (Lithuania)

Sigbjørn, Sigfred (Norway)

Faustyn, Georgia, Georgina, Jordan, Jowita, Józef, Klaudiusz, Przybyrad, Sewer (Poland)

Onisim (Romania)

Pravoslav (Slovakia)

Claudio, Faustino (Spain)

Sigfrid (Sweden)

Georgette, Georgia, Georgina, Jovan, Jovita, Siegfried, Sigrid, Sue, Susan, Susana, Susanna, Susie, Suzanne (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 47 of 2024; 319 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 5 of week 7 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Luis (Rowan) [Day 27 of 28]

Chinese: Month 1 (Bing-Yin), Day 7 ()

Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025)

Hebrew: 7 Adair I 5784

Islamic: 6 Sha’ban 1445

J Cal: 17 Grey; Threesday [17 of 30]

Julian: 3 February 2024

Moon: 50%: 1st Quarter

Positivist: 19 Homer (2nd Month) [Juvenal]

Runic Half Month: Sigel (Sun) [Day 8 of 15]

Season: Winter (Day 58 of 89)

Week: 2nd Week of February

Zodiac: Capricorn (Day 26 of 28)