#Anitismo

[irithnova]

Notes on Anitismo - The Ancient Religion of the Philippines by Isabelo de los Reyes.

Keep in mind - this was written a while back.

Ancient Chronicles written by the Jesuit hispanic Friars state that at the that the first spaniards set foot in the Philippines from the coast of visayas to Manila there was a considerable population of Muslim converts

This was especially true for Mindanao due to conversion by Islamic  teachers from Borneo

De los Reyes argues that because of this, to find native Filipino religion at its purest, we must look to the North

Distinguishing native religion without outside influence such as from Islam, Hinduism, Christianity etc can be tricky

However he argues that the traces of Native Filipino religion can be found in the stories superstitions and advice that belong to various Filipino ethnic groups (Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Zambalenos etc)

From the South of the country in Mindanao to the extreme North like Luzon, De los Reyes argues then native Filipino religion was consistent

This religion was Anitism or the Cult of Anito, meaning souls of the ancestors.

Anitism is not a monolithic religion and hosts a broad pantheon ranging from Gods to animals, nature, elements and space.

The Philippines had its own modern spiritism and De los Reyes argues this may have been the origins of the cults of "Romanist Saints" (Catholic saints) in the Philippines. By this I think he means that Filipino spirituality influenced how Filipinos proceeded with Catholic worship.

The oldest chronicles about the Philippines can be found in various museums and libraries (such as the National Library of Madrid, Covenant of St Augustine in Manila)

We can follow these chronicles, from when the Jesuit Pedro Quirino provided news of religion in the Philippines in 1604, followed by reproductions by others like the Jesuit Colin in 1663 and others such as Fr. Morga, Gonzalez de Mendoza, Aduarte etc.

Fr Morga said that Filipinos practised Anitism in certain regions like Camarines and Cagayan.

Some traditions would say that Manila and its regions were not originally native to the island - they were from Malayan islands and other remote areas.

Before the Spaniards arrived, Islamic teachers from Borneo came to preach and interacted with the locals 

Their teachings and beliefs spread quickly throughout the Philippines 

Fr. Grijalva writes that they (Filipinos) started adopting their traditions and took on their names.

De Los Reyes argues that Spanish conquistadors' arrival/conquest was delayed because Filipinos were already familiar with various religions and beliefs and also because of the hands of Datu Lapu Lapu. What I believe he is arguing is that Datu Lapu Lapu and the previous exposure Filipinos had to different religions at first delayed Spanish influence from spreading so quickly.

Other islanders who weren't under the control of the government in the Philippines has their beliefs influenced by religious preachers who travelled to them from the Straits of Malacca and the Red Sea.

An account, dated April 20th 1572 (preserved in the archives of India) which is from the conquest of Luzon details "In these towns, closest to the sea, they do not eat any pork, which the moors taught them. But if you ask them, they say they do not know Muhammed or his law." This account was reproduced by Wenceslao Retana.

In actuality, very few Filipinos could understand/read the teachings of the Koran despite the Islamic influence.

In Filipino traditions, reverence and worship was given to nature and the elements, and this was usually consistent throughout the islands.

Native Filipino religion beliefs include elements, animals, stars and ancestors.

Filipino religion in Manila and nearby areas was a mixture or Anitism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam brought by the Malays of Borneo.

Vocabulary included Sanskrit and Malay terms such as Bathala, meaning Lord.

However these terms are not used in Northern provinces.

De Los Reyes argues that Itnegs and other mountain tribes conserved and maintained the purest form of Filipino religion

In the Ilocos, Cagayan, Isabela and other provinces of Northern Luzon, native Filipino religion was more prevalent 

Hindus and Buddhists converted many in Java and Malaysia.

However Muslim influence became dominant in 1478 - 60 years before the Dutch invasion.

According to Javanese legends, Hindus arrives in Java 78 years before Christ.

The first Malays came from the Minangkabau river region to establish cities in Malacca , Ojohor and Singapore in the 12th century, as per Malacca records.

In the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, there were various Malaysian emigrations reaching the Philippines 

De Los Reyes argues that Filipinos may have also populated the islands of Malaysia, and emigrations could have originated from strong winds coming down from the North.

The first Spaniards found the son of Lakandula, King of Manila, when they went to Borneo.

The emperor's master of ceremonies from Japan (Mr Fujita) argued that emigration likely came from the north and that Filipinos may have some relations to the Japanese.

According to Geographers and Historians of the Mariana Islands, what De Los Reyes calls the "know it all Spanish" - had no idea about interesting ruins found in Oceania, one of which was a prehistoric statue that was being held in the British museum.

He argues there may be hidden megaliths, artefacts, and remnants of lost civilisation in the Philippines, as seen in various locations such as : Butacan caves, Pangibalon Hill, Madias de Iloilo and Nasso.

[thegambitgazette]

Expectations: In Which Diverse Stories Have Extra Criteria

CW: mentions of racism, brutality, colonization, more of a vent post than anything informative

As much as I don’t like it, I feel as though the best way to start this off is to provide context on my own background. I’ll get to why I don’t like it in a moment, so bear with me. I’m a first generation born Filipino American. My parents are from Tarlac (and a DNA test shows that we also have lineage traced back to Northern and Western Philippines as well some Central & Eastern and Southern China), and they raised us in a semi-traditional Filipino fashion. They didn’t teach us the language in fear of us being made fun of by other Americans, but we did grow up eating the food, respecting our elders, and practicing Filipino Catholic traditions that my parents grew up with in their homeland.

Needless to say, the remarks that followed me into my adult life have pulled my resonance with my heritage in every which way. To other Filipinos and other Asians, I looked part white, and they would ask for pictures of my parents for “proof” that I wasn’t. True story: I remember one of my college friends grabbing my phone and showing her friends in an “I told you so” manner, as if my race was some mystery for them to crack. It wasn’t. I fully told them from the start that I’m Filipino. My Titas would tell me that I looked “mestiza,” and how many young girls in the Philippines would want to look the way I do, and I didn’t know how to explain to them that I started hating how pale I am because of how other Asians would assume my race because of it.

At the same time, my non-Asian counterparts (yes, majority of the people who made these comments were white) would assume that I was some hodge-podge of all Asian cultures. I remember my high school teacher showing us a Vietnamese medicine commercial (this was a class on medical malpractice, and, if I remember correctly, she wanted to show us how medicine is advertised internationally), and she walked into class saying, “The only one who might understand this clip is Rory.” She’d used my deadname at the time, but you get the idea. Jaw-dropped, I had to say, “I don’t speak Vietnamese. I’m not Vietnamese.”

I know, what does this have to do with writing? We’ll get there; don’t worry.

Around 2018, the term “decolonization” entered my realm of awareness. I would see other children of immigrants from all over the world dive into their heritage and continue their ancestors’ practices. Thinking that this would be a genuine way to connect with my roots (I had, and still have, a complicated relationship with the Catholic Church, so I was excited to hear about other Filipino faiths), I began doing my research. At the time, I had a sizable following on TikTok, and I would post entertainment-only sort of videos regarding my spirituality and craft, and I even had to put out a video explaining why I didn’t go into more detail with the Filipino aspects of it. I wasn’t as learned with it as I am now, and I was afraid of the criticism and backlash others would have towards it. In hindsight, I really shouldn’t have given a sh*t, but the internet, as we all know, is cruel.

See, I use my writing as a way to connect with myself and other people, mainly. Yes, I have a story to tell, but a majority of my purpose is to discover and process my own emotions and findings. I use what I observed in society and how I grew up as well as what I learned from my own research. I won’t go into detail of the racism Asian Americans face nor the brutality we have endured over the years; frankly, if you are not already aware of it, Google is free.

Still, my work seemed to be followed by one main criticism: this isn’t yours to tell.

There were a myriad of reasons behind it. I wasn’t born in the Philippines, I’m white-passing, I wasn’t raised with anitismo, other marginalized groups have it “exponentially” worse, etc. I’d be lying if I said this didn’t affect my writing. I froze. I grappled with what I was “allowed” to tell based on all of these criteria. I’d pull up article after article of what I learned in hopes to justify the reasons for including certain aspects in my work; but because of my own upbringing, it never seemed to be enough. What’s worse, a portion of these criticisms completely dismissed the aspects of racism that Asian Americans have spoken up about time and time again (once again, because other’s have it worse or because there just wasn’t enough awareness about it for it to be “valid.”)

Imagine that. We read of thousands of iterations of medieval fantasies from white authors, thousands of European fae romances, thousands of Greek mythological retellings, and treat it as the default. There is no question of whether the author is Greek or Gaelic enough or if their ancestors played a huge role during the medieval era. Hell, my first published work was based on Greek and Celtic mythology, and no one talked about my race then, whether it was about how white I look or how I'm not white at all.

But gods help us if a minority doesn’t fit the ultimate minority model while telling their stories. To be honest, this was why I started disliking the need to talk about my background; it has begun to feel as though it is more to provide credentials rather than to satiate genuine curiosity from other people.

Yes, I do recognize that I wasn’t born in the Philippines and that I was raised Catholic, but I’ve come to terms with how I feel like that is okay.

First of all, if we want to hear from more diverse writers, we cannot keep projecting this “model minority” expectation towards them. Otherwise, it will discourage other diaspora writers, such as myself, from connecting and relaying their heritage in fear of not being “[insert marginalized group here] enough,” whatever that even means at this point.

Secondly, our history is full of movement, whether it was by our own will, such as my parents’ decision to come to America, or if it was forced upon us by our oppressors. As such, those raised outside of their homeland only further enriches our culture, not dilutes it.

To filter the perspectives of or to project your own biases towards diaspora writers is to promote the narratives of the colonizers. We are valid, and our stories should be, too.

[angtagatuo-blog]

Hello world!

I'm Tagatuo! You can pronounce that as "tah-gah-two-oh." It means "one who believes," kinda referencing Apolaki's lament there hehe.

I'm a baby pagan here in Cebu! I'm more drawn to anitismo/anitería revivalist paganism but I feel a bit more ecclectic and flexible. Anyhow, I'm really new to this and figuring out my spirituality and all.

I'm an activist for social rights and democracy. I'm an Aries ♈️. And I feel most drawn to the sibling deities Apolaki and Mayari.

Apolaki is the warrior god of the sun. ☀️ Mayari on the other hand is the war goddess of the moon. 🌙 In one story, they fought against each other over who would rule the Earth. They were on equal par! Apolaki stabs Mayari in the eye and, knowing what he's done, feels remorse for his sister. So he comes into an agreement with Mayari to rule one half of the Earth. His rule became the day, and her rule became the night. It is for this that they were also patrons of justice and equal rule!

Anyway, I hope you stop by my blog on my spiritual adventure! It certainly is thrilling!

[rtzyy]

Tinawag na mga Sugbuanon o Sugbuhanon sa isla ng Cebu, ang mga Sugbuanon ay matatagpuan sa mga lalawigan ng Cebu, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, Bohol, Leyte, at Timog Leyte; sa buong isla ng Mindanao; at sa mga maliliit at magagandang pamayanan sa buong bansa. Ngayon ay kilala bilang Bisaya, ang Cebuano ay ang lingua franca ng Bisaya at Mindanao. Habang ang ibang mga wika at dayalekto ay sinasalita rin, ang Cebuano ay magkakaintindihan at maunawaan ng karamihan sa mga lugar na ito. Ang Lungsod ng Cebu ay kilala bilang Queen City of the South at madalas na itinuturing na pangkulturang kapital ng mga Cebuano. Ang lungsod ay nagsilbing gateway para sa Katolisismo sa Pilipinas, kung kaya't ang mga Cebuano ay sinasabing mataas ang pagiging Kristiyano. Ang kulturang Kastila at mga katutubong tradisyon ng Pilipinas ay malakas na nakakaimpluwensya sa kulturang Cebuano. Ang pangunahing mapagkukunan ng kabuhayan sa Cebu ay ang malawak na karagatang nakapalibot dito. Dahil dito, ang mga Cebuano ay nasisiyahan sa pagkaing-dagat. Ang pangingisda ang pangunahing mapagkukunan ng kita ng isla bago makakuha ng paanan ang teknolohiya at modernidad. Ang mga Cebuano ay sikat sa kanilang mga gitara, basket, sumbrero, at banig ng lahat ng uri. Ipinagmamalaki nila ang kanilang pagiging maarte at pagkamalikhain; iba`t ibang anyo ng sining (pagpipinta, paglilok, at pagguhit), pag-awit, sayawan, at pagsusulat ay mga batayan ng kulturang Cebuano. Maraming tanyag na mga pangunahing artista sa Pilipinas ay mula sa Lungsod ng Cebu, at ang mga pintor, mang-aawit, at manunulat ay naninirahan doon.

Ang wikang Cebuano ay sinasalita ng higit sa dalawampung milyong katao sa Pilipinas at ang pinaka malawak na sinasalita ng mga wikang Bisaya. Karamihan sa mga nagsasalita ng Cebuano ay matatagpuan sa Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Biliran, Western at southern Leyte, silangang Negros at karamihan sa hilaga, timog silangan at kanlurang Mindanao. Dahil sa standardisasyon at pag-ampon ng Tagalog bilang parehong opisyal at 'pambansang' wika (Pilipino) at ang kakulangan ng pormal na pagtuturo ng Cebuano sa mga paaralan at unibersidad, marami sa "Imperial Manila" ay nanatiling ignorante sa kabuluhan ng kultura at makasaysayang lingua franca ng ang Gitnang Kabisayaan at karamihan ng Mindanao.

Ang karamihan ng mga Cebuano ay Romano Katoliko, kasama ang marami sa mga lugar sa kanayunan na sumasabay sa Katolisismo sa katutubong Anitismo, pinapanatili ang mga paniniwala at ritwal sa paligid ng mga santo bilang mga avatar para sa mas matandang diwata. Ang isang minorya ng mga Cebuano (partikular ang mga nasa Mindanao) ay Muslim, o sa magkahalong mga pamilyang Tsino-Cebuano, na nagsasama ng mga paniniwala ng Katoliko sa mga aspeto ng Budismo o Taoismo. Kabilang sa mga kapansin-pansin na kasiyahan ng isla ay ang pagdiriwang ng Sinulog, na pinaghalong mga Kristiyano at katutubong mga elemento ng kultura, na ipinagdiriwang taun-taon tuwing ikatlong linggo ng Enero.

[joykhere]

Pag-unawa sa konsepto ng Pangwika

4. Magsagawa ng isang BLOG ukol sa paksang "Kultura at mga Tradisyon sa Pilipinas"

Ang ibig sabihin ng kultura ay ang paraan ng pamumuhay ng mga tao nagpapakita ng kaugalian, tradisyon, mga sining, sistema ng edukasyon, musika at pamahalaan. Ang kultura ng Pilipinas o kalinangan ng Pilipinas ay pinaghalong impluwensiya ng mga katutubong tradisyon at mga kultura ng mga unang mangangalakal at mananakop nito noon.

Ang Wikang Filipino, na mas kadalasang kilala bilang Tagalog, ay maraming hiniram na salita galing Kastila. Karamihan sa mga pinagdiriwang na mga tradisyon ay magkahalong Kristiyano, Pagano, at iba pang lokal na seremonya. Bilang halimbawa, bawat taon, ang mga bayan sa buong bansa, ay nagsasagawa ng malalaking Pista, nagpapaalala sa mga Santong Patron ng mga bayan, barangay, o ng mga distrito. Ang mga Pista ay kadalasang may patimpalak sa katutubong pagsayaw, at sa ibang lugar ay mayroon pang sabungan. Ang mga ganitong tradisyon ay ginaganap din sa mga bansang nasakop ng mga Kastila. Sa katimugang bahagi ng bansa na karamihan ay mananalig Islam ay nagdiriwang din ng kanilang mga tradisyon at nakagawian.

Narito ang mga Kaugaliang Pilipino

Bayanihan: Nabuo ang Bayanihan sa mga samahan ng mga magkakapitbahay na nagtutulungan kahit kailan o saan man kailanganin ng tulong.

Matinding Pagkakabuklod-buklod ng Mag-anak: Ang mga Pilipino ay kadalasang malalapit sa kanilang mag-anak at iba pang kamag-anak.

Pakikisama: Ang pakikisama ay ang kaugaliang Pilipino na nagnanais magkaroon ng maganda at mabuting pakikitungo sa iba.

Hiya: Ang kaugaliang Hiya ay isang panlipunang kaugalian. Ang mga Pilipino kasi ay naniniwala na dapat na kumilos sila kung ano ang mga tinatanggap na kaugalian ng lipunan; ang kung sila ay nakagawa ng kaugaliang hindi tanggap, ang kahihiyan na ginawa nila ay hindi lang para sa kanilang sarili kundi kahihiyan din ito para sa kanilang mag-anak.

Utang na Loob: Ang Utang na Loob, ay isang utang ng tao sa taong tumulong sa kanya sa mga pagsubok na kanyang dinaanan.

Amor Propio: Pagpapahalaga ng isang tao sa kanyang dignidad.

Delicadeza: Isang ugali na kailan na dapat ang isang tao ay kumilos sa tama at nasa lugar.

Palabra de Honor: "May isang salita" Isang kaugalian ng mga Pilipino na kailangan tuparin ang mga sinabi nitong mga salita o pangako.

Pagsasabi Ng “Po” At “Opo”

Panghaharana

Hospitable

Lubos na paggalang sa matatanda

Pagmamano

Relihiyoso

Pamamanhikan

Narito naman ang mga Relihiyon

Kristiyanismo

Anitismo

Katutubong relihiyon o shamanismo

Islam at iba pa.

Narito naman ang mga Pagkain

Sinigang – Malaking bahagi ito ng kultura ng Pilipinas pagdating sa pagkain, Kombinasyon ng iba’t ibang gulay at karne ng baboy o seafood na may maasim ang sabaw.

Adobo – Hindi kumpleto ang kulturang Pilipino kapag walang adobo. Maalat na maasim ang sabaw dahil sa toyo at suka na pangunahing sangkap nito. Isa ito sa mga pinakasikat na pagkain sa kultura ng mga Pilipino.

Sisig – Tinadtad na maskara, tenga o mukha ng baboy ang sisig. Ito ay malaking bahagi ng kultura ng bansa, lalo na sa Pampanga kung saan ito ay nakilala.

Kare-Kare – Kulay dilaw ito dahil sa mani at peanut butter na pangunahing sahog nito.

Lechon – Hindi rin kumpleto ang uspaang kultura ng Pilipinas kapag wala ang lechon. Malutong ang balat at malambot ang laman na masarap ipares sa liver sauce.

Crispy Pata – Gaya ng lechon, malutong ang balat ng crispy pata at malambot at malinamnam ang laman.

Bulalo – Malinamnam na sabaw na may iba’t ibang gulay, at karne at bone marrow ng baka.

Kansi – Pinaghalong bulalo at sinigang. Sikat na pagkain ng mga Ilonggo.

Halo-Halo – Sikat na pampalamig sa Pilipinas na may sari-saring sangkap.

Suman – Malagkit na kakanin na masarap ipares sa latik o tsokolate.

Puto Bumbong – Sikat na pagkain tuwing pasko. Kulay violet at may toppings na niyog, asukal, margarine, at cheese. Bahagi na ng mga kulturang Pilipino ang pagkain ng puto bumbong lalo na tuwing kapaskuhan.

Sorbetes – Isa sa mga paboritong panghimagas ng mga Pinoy lalo na kung tag-init

Narito naman ang mga Selebrasyon

Likas sa mga Pilipino ang pagiging masayahin kahit pa sa oras ng problema, nakukuha pa rin ng mga Pilipinong ngumiti at tumawa. Dahil sa magandang kaugalian na ito ng mga Pilipino, hindi na nakapagtataka na bawat sulok ng Pilipinas ay may kani-kaniyang piyesta o selebrasyon na malaking bahagi ng kultura ng Pilipinas. Dito ay mababatid mo na kung ano ang kultura para sa mga Pilipino dahil sadyang mapagpahalaga sila sa mga kaugalian at tradisyon.

Ang ilan sa mga sikat na piyesta sa Pilipinas ay ang:

Sinulog Festival – Cebu

Ati-Atihan Festival – Aklan

Dinagyang Festival – Iloilo City

Pahiyas Festival – Lucban, Quezon

Panagbenga Festival – Baguio City

Lechon Festival – Batangas

Kadayawan Festival – Davao City

MassKara Festival – Bacolod

Tuna Festival – General Santos City

Higantes Festival – Angono, Rizal

Pagdating sa kultura ng Pilipinas sa pananamit, laging nakasunod sa uso ang mga Pilipino. Pero noong unang panahon, ang tradisyonal na kasuotan ng mga Pilipino ay Baro’t Saya para sa mga babae at Barong Tagalog o Camisa de Chino para sa mga lalaki.

[diwangpalaboy]

DS 123 religion and society test (by pair, hard copy submission on Friday, indicate the questions and corresponding answers)

1. feminist theology 2. Parati, Siapo, Lobos, Mangalindan, Bobadilla 3. Tata Usteng 4. Folk Christianity 5. Jihad 6. The Suffering Christ 7. Judiel Nieva 8. August 28 9. October 28 10. Espedeject ideology 11. animismo at anitismo 12. “sanlibutan” 13. sociology of religion 14. “subo” 15. justification for proselytization during the period of Spanish colonization

a. San Judas Tadeo b. Agoo, La Union c. “Sa ngalan ng Ama, ng Ina, ng Anak at ng Espiritu Santo” d. St Augustine e. Poong Nazareno f. Samahang Rizalista sa Laguna at Quezon g. Aparisyon sa puno ng saging sa poblacion ng Tanza h. sex cult i. Values Education j. To strive k. sinauna at katutubong pananampalataya l. tumutukoy sa mga hindi kaanib ng INC m. agimat n. “kasalanang mana” o. Gerry Lanuza

[angtagatuo-blog]

Apolaki, god of the sun, and Nonò, the ancestor crocodile, overlooks a rainy day. Hello! I’m back in the Philippines and just crafted my first idols. I kinda failed with the Apolaki one but the Nonò one turned out great! I think it’s fine though, I can work with this one. After all, I’m working with the energy of the god behind the idol, not the idol itself! Any tips?