#Ancient Order of Hibernians

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in 1893 – Birth of General Liam Lynch, Chief of Staff, IRA, in Limerick.

Liam Lynch was born in Barnagurraha, Co Limerick to Jeremiah and Mary Kelly Lynch. At 17 he was apprenticed to O’Neill’s hardware in Mitchelstown. Shortly after his apprenticeship began he joined the Gaelic League and the Ancient Order of Hibernians. He joined the Irish Volunteers after witnessing the arrests of the Kent family by British forces after the failed Easter Rising of 1916. Two of the…

[iwtv1976]

Stepdad’s sea shanty group have been invited an Irish festival by the ancient order of Hibernians in long beach and I’m like hmm I’ve never been to New York but not sure I want to spend time around a bunch of Irish weeaboos

[trickstertea]

My Favorite Teas 2024

I've been into a tea hobby for a year now! I'm not all that knowledgeable by any means and I'm very loose with my methods, and I'm really bad at remembering and describing taste, so don't listen to me. But here's my personal favorite loose leaf teas so far. All of these were tried with gaiwan-style brewing.

Yu Lu Yan Cha from Verdant Tea Just bought another 150 grams of this tea last night. This tea comes out a gorgeous red color and tastes just as rich. Honestly, since it was out of stock for a minute I haven't drank it in a while, and can't remember exactly what it tastes like — just that it's the best tea I've ever tasted. It's deep and a little dark. My favorite over all.

Keemun Osmanthus Qimen Black Tea from China Tea Spirit

I'm biased here because this was the first Chinese loose leaf tea I bought. I also didn't have the knowledge at the time to know that it's a bit pricey, but even now I think you can taste the quality. It's very sweet and a little floral, but also vegetal and dark. Smells wonderful.

China Tea Spirit is a vendor I see very rarely mentioned, but I had a good experience with them. They have a fantastic and quality teaware selection too.

Qing Xiang Wulong Revival from Verdant Tea

This tea tastes like moss, in the best way possible. Moss with a bit mineral-ness. What can I say, that's my favorite kind of taste.

Bainian Laoshu Hong Cha from Tangpin Tea

I love teaware, so a habit I've developed is buying random tea from whatever vendors I buy teaware from, since they tend to go hand-in-hand. That's how I discovered this tea. It's not mind-blowing but is just so nice for a casual drink. It's sweet and malty, and cheap.

Tangpin Tea is another vendor I don't see mentioned often but they're good. From what I remember, the shipping was surprisingly fast. Also have a MASSIVE teaware selection. Biggest downside is their site seems to be outdated and has little information, so I've chosen to not order from them during this tariff mess.

AOH Hibernian Blend from Harney & Sons

Yes, here's a Harney and Sons tea, and yes, I brewed it gaiwan style. It wouldn't be my first recommendation, as I've quickly discovered the woes of using too much chopped-up tea in a gaiwan [spoiler alert, it'll put hair on your chest], but — hell, when it goes right, it's tasty. Cheap and casual. Nice and red. Just be sparing with the amount you use in a brew, unless you're aiming to cover it all up with milk and sugar.

How lovely it's been to have tea by my side this year. Not to be dramatic, but tea seriously had a major hand in pulling me out of deep depression and into recovery. Last February, feeling so lost from myself and restless and agitated, spurred by the Lunar New Year and the Year of the Dragon [I adore dragons...] I started spending my mornings with my tea, my gaiwan, and my journal, putting on my favorite Tuvan music, mindfully writing out my tasting experience and my wandering thoughts in-between. Nowadays I'm not so mindful, drinking tea casually alongside working on my computer, but tea is still a constant companion, something I look forward to each morning. And no hate, but seriously cutting down coffee, where I was drinking at least 2 large cups a day, has majorly improved my health both mental and physical — I still crave it often, and still have a cup here and there on my most tiring days, but my chest literally hurts just thinking about it! It wasn't good for me.

Looking forward, I've got my first pu-ehr samples coming in soon. I'm excited — I really hope I like it. I love the idea of something that can sit in the cabinet and improve with age. Though, I've kinda burnt myself out on both woody and smokey teas, and that maybe doesn't bode well, haha. We'll see. At the end of the day I can force myself to drink pretty much anything if I have to, unless I start throwing up, see below... Meanwhile, although when I first started this journey I figured green teas wouldn't really be for me, I've been craving them lately. You know when your body just starts strongly craving something green and healthy? It's like that. I enjoy the vegetal taste more than I ever thought I would. The biggest downside of green tea is a shorter shelf life, and of course you can only get your hands on 2024 green teas at the moment, but I can look past a little staleness.

Unfortunately, looking into the future with tea as someone in the US carries the burden of current politics...

Disclaimer, I am not well-versed in economics or politics. Of course Trump's on-and-off tariff threats are a concern for all US Chinese tea drinkers. When discussions of this started springing up in r/tea in December, there were plenty assuring that fears were exaggerated and buying up tea in bulk was an overreaction, and I listened to them. I regret that now. This situation is changing by the day, to much confusion, but at the moment the 'de minimis' exception is back, so, as I understand it, there won't be extra charges from customs for personal orders under $800. This is of course subject to change without warning under this volatile administration. I don't want to fearmonger either, but now may be the best time to stock on tea, especially if you wish to get it shipped straight from China. Tea with a long shelf life may be the best consideration; and, maybe this is the time to get into non-Chinese teas. In the longterm I would guess that the price of tea will go up quite a bit even from US shippers as they have to compensate for these oncoming tariffs.

BONUS my disliked teas:

DISCLAIMER: again, I really barely know what the hell I'm talking about. I may have gotten bad batches, or brewed improperly, or just have a really odd sense of taste [I do!]. So these are just, very much, I personal experiences, and I don't intend for this reflect poorly on the vendors or even the tea itself. That being said:

Victorian London Fog by Harney & Sons

This is a highly recommended tea. An online friend recommended it. I've seen oodles of praise for it everywhere.

I tried it several times, felt like it was way too strong and perfumey every time, tried it with milk, tried it without, tried it super light and it still tasted overbrewed — and then it made me throw up. So yeah, that one's been banished to the back of the cabinet. I'm not so willing to try again. But surely it must just be me, everyone else seems to love it. Hopefully I'll come across someone to gift it to some day.

Laoshan Bilochun Green Tea from Verdant Tea

I'm drinking the last of this as I type. The thing about this tea is that it smells absolutely incredible. Just amazing. It has this rich nutty and vegetal smell that's so good it's hard to describe. It's divine. I would almost keep buying this tea for the brewed smell alone.

However, to me, it tastes like medicine. The bitterness overtakes any flavor that the wonderful smell indicates, and I have to force myself to keep drinking it. Shame. But if you like very green green teas, you might like it.

Wood Dragon from In Pursuit of Tea

This might be a 'what did you expect?' situation. This tea is just too woody for me. It has literal twigs in it — and it's so woody, that it's bland for me on all other fronts. Just wood soup. I kinda got burnt out on 'woody' forest-floor-tasting teas this year so that doesn't help.

[dollycas]

On Flashback Fridays I will share with you the books I was not able to review when they were first released which have been screaming at me from my To-Be-Read bookshelf. I backed off my reading goal a bit for this year to relieve some stress and get a little more sleep. Most nights, I am up between 1 and 2 to complete a book, but some nights my eyes are just slamming. I have reading commitments I must meet so it is my #FlashbackFriday reads that suffer. So today, I am sharing a book that I recently and reluctantly moved to my giveaway shelf. Mrs. Morris and the Pot of Gold (A Salem B&B Mystery) Paranormal Cozy Mystery 6th in Series Setting - Massachusetts Publisher ‏ : ‎ Kensington (August 23, 2022) Mass Market Paperback ‏ : ‎ 336 pages ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1496733053 ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1496733054 Kindle ASIN ‏ : ‎ B09MYMSPHC Audiobook ASIN B0CX727KYG Audio CD ASIN ‏ : ‎ B0CZ7KWGWS Salem, Massachusetts, B&B owner Charlene Morris will need the luck of the Irish—and the help of a ghost—to unveil a hooded killer . . . Charlene has hired a van to ferry her B&B guests to an all-you-can-eat corned beef and cabbage dinner hosted by Salem’s Irish community at the Ancient Order of Hibernians club—but she should have booked a hearse. It’s never a good sign when the family black sheep drunkenly crashes a party by punching the guy dressed as a leprechaun. But things go from troublesome to fatal when Charlene stumbles upon a second brawl in an upper room—and this fight Connor Gallagher loses, his anonymous assailant rushing past Charlene, hidden by a hoodie. Now Detective Sam Holden has another homicide on his hands, with Charlene as the only eyewitness. Even if she can’t give the police sketch artist much to go on, Charlene is determined to ID the murderer, with the help of Dr. Jack Strathmore, the charming ghost who haunts her B&B. The answer lies in the motive, and to uncover that sleuth and spook will need to shine a light on Connor’s shady past—before the killer pulls another Irish goodbye . . . About the Author From cozy mysteries to seaside romance, USA Today bestselling author Traci Hall writes stories that captivate her readers. As a hybrid author with over sixty published works, Ms. Hall has a favorite tale for everyone. Mystery lovers, check out her Scottish Shire series, set in the seaside town of Nairn, or the Salem B&B Mystery series, as Traci Wilton. Her latest project is an Irish Castle cozy as Ellie Brannigan. Whether it’s her ever-popular By the Sea romances, an Appletree Cove sweet romance, or a fun who-done-it, Traci finds her inspiration in sunny South Florida, living right near the ocean. Author Links Website Facebook Facebook Facebook  Twitter / X  Amazon    Instagram    Kensington Thanks to the publisher I have 1 Advance Review Paperback Copy to give away! The contest is open to anyone over 18 years old with a US or Canadian mailing address. Duplicate entries will be deleted. Void where prohibited. You do not have to be a follower to enter but I hope you will find something you like here and become a follower. Followers Will Receive 2 Bonus Entries For Each Way They Follow. Plus 2 Bonus Entries For Following My Facebook Fan Page. Add this book to your WANT TO READ shelf on GoodReads for 3 Bonus Entries. Follow Kensington Books on Threads for 2 Bonus Entries! Follow Kensington Publishing on Facebook for 2 Bonus Entries! Pin this giveaway to Pinterest for 3 Bonus Entries. If you share the giveaway on Threads, Facebook, or anywhere you will receive 5 Bonus Entries For Each Link. The  Contest Will End on February 21, 2025, at 11:59 PM CST The Winner Will Be Chosen Using Random.org The Winner will be notified by email and posted here in the sidebar. Click Here For Entry Form This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase using my links, I will receive a small commission from the sale at no cost to you. Thank you for supporting Escape With Dollycas. Read the full article

[huntingtonnow]

Keith Brown Named Grand Marshal of 2025 St. Pat's Parade

Assemblyman Keith Brown has been named grand marshal of the 2025 Huntington St. Patrick’s Day Parade. The Northport Republican was chosen by the Ancient Order of Hibernians Division 4 John F. Kennedy at their recent meeting in Huntington.  The Huntington St. Patrick’s Day Parade is Long Island’s oldest and largest parade.Brown, former Hibernian of the Year in 1997 and an active member, said that…

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 5.4 (before 1950)

1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull Licet ecclesiae catholicae. 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus are condemned as heretics at the Council of Constance. 1436 – Assassination of the Swedish rebel (later national hero) Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson 1471 – Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Tewkesbury: Edward IV defeats a Lancastrian Army and kills Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales. 1493 – Pope Alexander VI divides the New World between Spain and Portugal along the Line of Demarcation. 1626 – Dutch explorer Peter Minuit arrives in New Netherland (present day Manhattan Island) aboard the See Meeuw. 1686 – The Municipality of Ilagan is founded in the Philippines. 1738 – The Imperial Theatrical School, now known as Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet, was founded under the reign of Empress Anna. It is the first ballet school in Russia and second in the world. 1776 – Rhode Island becomes the first American colony to renounce allegiance to King George III. 1799 – Fourth Anglo-Mysore War: The Battle of Seringapatam: The siege of Seringapatam ends when the city is invaded and Tipu Sultan killed by the besieging British army, under the command of General George Harris. 1814 – Emperor Napoleon arrives at Portoferraio on the island of Elba to begin his exile. 1814 – King Ferdinand VII abolishes the Spanish Constitution of 1812, returning Spain to absolutism. 1836 – Formation of Ancient Order of Hibernians 1859 – The Cornwall Railway opens across the Royal Albert Bridge linking Devon and Cornwall in England. 1869 – The Naval Battle of Hakodate is fought in Japan. 1871 – The National Association, the first professional baseball league, opens its first season in Fort Wayne, Indiana. 1886 – Haymarket affair: In Chicago, United States, a homemade bomb is thrown at police officers trying to break up a labor rally, killing one officer. Ensuing gunfire leads to the deaths of a further seven officers and four civilians. 1904 – The United States begins construction of the Panama Canal. 1910 – The Royal Canadian Navy is created. 1912 – Italy occupies the Ottoman island of Rhodes. 1919 – May Fourth Movement: Student demonstrations take place in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, protesting the Treaty of Versailles, which transferred Chinese territory to Japan. 1926 – The United Kingdom general strike begins. 1927 – The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is incorporated. 1932 – In Atlanta, mobster Al Capone begins serving an eleven-year prison sentence for tax evasion. 1942 – World War II: The Battle of the Coral Sea begins with an attack by aircraft from the United States aircraft carrier USS Yorktown on Japanese naval forces at Tulagi Island in the Solomon Islands. The Japanese forces had invaded Tulagi the day before. 1945 – World War II: Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg is liberated by the British Army. 1945 – World War II: The German surrender at Lüneburg Heath is signed, coming into effect the following day. It encompasses all Wehrmacht units in the Netherlands, Denmark and northwest Germany. 1946 – In San Francisco Bay, U.S. Marines from the nearby Treasure Island Naval Base stop a two-day riot at Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. Five people are killed in the riot. 1949 – The entire Torino football team (except for two players who did not take the trip: Sauro Tomà, due to an injury and Renato Gandolfi, because of coach request) is killed in a plane crash.

[chopselmcity]

Starting to fill up... (at Ancient Order of Hibernians, Waterbury, Ct.) https://www.instagram.com/p/CpYKxzwJSGW/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[posts-to-post]

[Caption on back of photo: "ST. PATRICK'S DAY QUEEN -- Dorothy Malone, Warner Bros.' actress in JANIE GETS MARRIED has been selected as "Queen of St. Patrick's Day" by the ancient order of Hibernians. She will lead the Grand March at the 75th Annual St. Patrick's Eve Ball in Los Angeles March 16th."]

Dorothy Malone

[maryannmccarra-fitzpatrick]

30th Annual Peekskill St. Patrick’s Parade, Sat. the 9th of March 2019, 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm.

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in 1893 – Birth of General Liam Lynch, Chief of Staff, IRA, in Limerick.

#OTD in 1893 – Birth of General Liam Lynch, Chief of Staff, IRA, in Limerick.

Liam Lynch was born in Barnagurraha, Co Limerick to Jeremiah and Mary Kelly Lynch. At 17 he was apprenticed to O’Neill’s hardware in Mitchelstown. Shortly after his apprenticeship began he joined the Gaelic League and the Ancient Order of Hibernians. He joined the Irish Volunteers after witnessing the arrests of the Kent family by British forces after the failed Easter Rising of 1916. Two of the…

[princessgracekelly1956]

The Philadelphia Inquirer - March 13, 1955

Grace Kelly Wins Hibernian Award

HOLLYWOOD, March 12 (INS) - Another honor has been heaped on much-honored actress Grace Kelly.

Because of her Irish ancestry, she has been voted the annual “Star of the year” award by the Ancient Order of Hibernians.

The presentation will be made at a St. Patrick’s Day ball on March 17.

[handeaux]

Cincinnati Once Supported A Menagerie Of Secret (And Often Weird) Societies

A few weeks back, someone found a skeleton in a Mount Healthy garage, resulting in flurry of hypothesizing until an investigation revealed the bones were a leftover prop from an erstwhile Odd Fellows lodge.

You don’t run into many Odd Fellows these days . . . Allow me to rephrase that. You don’t often run into a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows these days. Back in 1890, however (to pick one random year), Cincinnati was home to nearly 50 Odd Fellows lodges or encampments. With the creation of the auxiliary Daughters of Rebekah in 1851, the Odd Fellows became the first fraternal organization to admit women. They built an eight-story temple on Fourth Street that covered half a block. Next to the Masons (who had their own substantial temple at Third and Walnut), the Odd Fellows were probably the largest of Cincinnati’s secret societies.

Cincinnati had so many secret societies that several businesses thrived while providing the special robes, regalia, ribbons and other accoutrements required in lodge rituals.

The societies were secret for a variety of reasons. Fraternal lodges were prime networking opportunities and they wanted to filter the riffraff. But they were secret mostly because they provided financial support to ill or indigent members and death benefits to their families. The secret symbols, handshakes, passwords, rituals and so forth were a sort of Victorian two-step verification to ensure that remunerations were distributed only to initiates and not to poseurs. The Ancient Order of Good Fellows – not to be confused with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows – was typical in its benefits. Here is a summary from Kenny’s 1879 “Illustrated Cincinnati”:

“This is a benevolent and beneficial society, and has been established in Cincinnati about twenty years. There are now fourteen subordinate lodges within the city limits, with an average membership of seventy-five. The initiation fee is $10 for all the degrees, and the yearly dues $6. This entitles a member to $5 per week sick benefits, and burial at the expense of his lodge. Like most other secret organizations, it has an insurance branch for the benefit of members, but this is not obligatory on them. The widow or heirs of a deceased insured member receives $2,000. The order is composed largely of Germans, the majority of the lodges having German names, and lodge rooms in the German districts.”

Most of Cincinnati’s secret societies were segregated by ethnicity (Ancient Order of Hibernians) or religion (Order Kesher Shel Barzel), but most definitely by race. The Masons and the Sons of Pythias extended the same level of legitimacy to African American lodges as white lodges, but each lodge was segregated.

The Independent Order of Good Samaritans & Daughters of Samaria was originally founded to promote temperance and admitted both white and African American members – pretty much unique in the United States – recognizing “the humanity in man, no matter what his color.” Over time, however, it became an almost exclusively Black organization.

During the 1800s, most Cincinnati men belonged to at least one secret society, and often belonged to several. George Wiedemann Sr., founder of the eponymous brewery, was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Good Fellows and the Druids. His son, Charles, was a 32° Mason, a Knight Templar, a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

If this gives the impression that Cincinnati men were rarely at home, you would be correct. Before radio and television there wasn’t much to do at home and most men (it was a chauvinistic time) spent evenings out, if not at lodge events, at saloons. And there was an abundant variety of organizations to join.

Der Deutsche Orden der Harugari, usually abbreviated “D.O.H.,” was, at one time, the largest German secret society in the United States.

The Druids, a secret benevolent order, whose rites and ceremonies were supposed to conform to those of the Ancient Druids, maintained seven "groves" and one chapter in Cincinnati.

Cincinnati was a stronghold for the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Garry Herrmann, one of Boss Cox’s lieutenants, was active in the Elks and city contractors quickly learned that a lot of projects got assigned at Elks meetings.

The Heptasophs or Seven Wise Men created an entire pseudohistory to explain the origins of their association, involving mostly fictional links to non-existent kings of ancient Persia and heavy borrowings from the Zoroastrian religion. Known for elaborate and exotic rituals, the Heptasophs were at root an insurance agency. With an almost exclusively German membership, the Heptasophs dissolved amid the anti-German sentiment of World War I.

The Improved Order of Red Men, despite its name, restricted membership to white males. Its constitution, organization, regalia and rituals were all modelled rather clumsily on memories of Native Americans. Cincinnati hosted four “tribes” of this organization and a few more of a similar group called the United Order of Red Men.

The Supreme Council of the Royal Arcanum invested a whole lot of time and energy creating rituals that were excessively elaborate even by the standards of the day, with multiple references to the esoteric power of the number 1105 and memorization of epic oaths. It was, like many such organizations, an insurance company paying dividends when members fell ill or died.

The Order of the Iron Hall checked all the necessary boxes for secret societies – elaborate rituals, funny names for officers, esoteric robes and regalia, arcane symbolism, and benefits for sick or dead members. This secret society, founded next-door in Indiana, added a new twist that led to its downfall. The Order of the Iron Hall was a pyramid scheme, or what we might call today a multi-level marketing operation.

The order promised exceptional financial benefits, with thousands of dollars promised after just a few years of membership, but the prize was based on recruiting more and more members. In addition to paying dues and other assessments, each member was required to recruit at least four new members, each of whom had to recruit four additional members, and so on. After a decade, state regulators started sniffing around and the scheme imploded. The scandal was compounded by some shady members, notably, in Cincinnati, a fellow named Gus Sussman, treasurer of an Iron Hall lodge made up of firemen. According to the Enquirer [2 February 1889]:

“Gus Sussman is the treasurer. He has handled large sums of money, some of which has stuck to his fingers. It is claimed that his shortage is between $400 and $500.”

You might have noticed few Catholic organizations among this roster. Beyond their near-paranoiac obsession with the Masons, the Catholic church knew that several of these secret societies were overtly anti-Catholic, among them the American Protective Association. As late as 1894, American bishops appealed to the pope, who complied with a letter condemning secret societies and prohibiting participation by Catholics in three specific organizations: Knights of Pythias, Odd Fellows and the Sons of Temperance. Any Catholic joining any of these societies faced excommunication.

[silverplumespectre]

 Silver Standard, Volume V, Number 24, February 18, 1888

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.4

1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull Licet ecclesiae catholicae. 1415 – Religious reformers John Wycliffe and Jan Hus are condemned as heretics at the Council of Constance. 1436 – Assassination of the Swedish rebel (later national hero) Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson 1471 – Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Tewkesbury: Edward IV defeats a Lancastrian Army and kills Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales. 1493 – Pope Alexander VI divides the New World between Spain and Portugal along the Line of Demarcation. 1626 – Dutch explorer Peter Minuit arrives in New Netherland (present day Manhattan Island) aboard the See Meeuw. 1686 – The Municipality of Ilagan is founded in the Philippines. 1776 – Rhode Island becomes the first American colony to renounce allegiance to King George III. 1799 – Fourth Anglo-Mysore War: The Battle of Seringapatam: The siege of Seringapatam ends when the city is invaded and Tipu Sultan killed by the besieging British army, under the command of General George Harris. 1814 – Emperor Napoleon arrives at Portoferraio on the island of Elba to begin his exile. 1814 – King Ferdinand VII abolishes the Spanish Constitution of 1812, returning Spain to absolutism. 1836 – Formation of Ancient Order of Hibernians 1859 – The Cornwall Railway opens across the Royal Albert Bridge linking Devon and Cornwall in England. 1869 – The Naval Battle of Hakodate is fought in Japan. 1871 – The National Association, the first professional baseball league, opens its first season in Fort Wayne, Indiana. 1886 – Haymarket affair: In Chicago, United States, a homemade bomb is thrown at police officers trying to break up a labor rally, killing one officer. Ensuing gunfire leads to the deaths of a further seven officers and four civilians. 1904 – The United States begins construction of the Panama Canal. 1910 – The Royal Canadian Navy is created. 1912 – Italy occupies the Ottoman island of Rhodes. 1919 – May Fourth Movement: Student demonstrations take place in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, protesting the Treaty of Versailles, which transferred Chinese territory to Japan. 1926 – The United Kingdom general strike begins. 1927 – The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is incorporated. 1932 – In Atlanta, mobster Al Capone begins serving an eleven-year prison sentence for tax evasion. 1942 – World War II: The Battle of the Coral Sea begins with an attack by aircraft from the United States aircraft carrier USS Yorktown on Japanese naval forces at Tulagi Island in the Solomon Islands. The Japanese forces had invaded Tulagi the day before. 1945 – World War II: Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg is liberated by the British Army. 1945 – World War II: The German surrender at Lüneburg Heath is signed, coming into effect the following day. It encompasses all Wehrmacht units in the Netherlands, Denmark and northwest Germany. 1946 – In San Francisco Bay, U.S. Marines from the nearby Treasure Island Naval Base stop a two-day riot at Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. Five people are killed in the riot. 1949 – The entire Torino football team (except for two players who did not take the trip: Sauro Tomà, due to an injury and Renato Gandolfi, because of coach request) is killed in a plane crash. 1953 – Ernest Hemingway wins the Pulitzer Prize for The Old Man and the Sea. 1959 – The 1st Annual Grammy Awards are held. 1961 – American civil rights movement: The "Freedom Riders" begin a bus trip through the South. 1961 – Malcolm Ross and Victor Prather attain a new altitude record for manned balloon flight ascending in the Strato-Lab V open gondola to 113,740 feet (34.67 km). 1970 – Vietnam War: Kent State shootings: The Ohio National Guard, sent to Kent State University after disturbances in the city of Kent the weekend before, opens fire killing four unarmed students and wounding nine others. The students were protesting the Cambodian Campaign of the United States and South Vietnam. 1972 – The Don't Make A Wave Committee, a fledgling environmental organization founded in Canada in 1971, officially changes its name to "Greenpeace Foundation". 1973 – The 108-story Sears Tower in Chicago is topped out at 1,451 feet (442 m) as the world's tallest building. 1978 – The South African Defence Force attacks a SWAPO base at Cassinga in southern Angola, killing about 600 people. 1979 – Margaret Thatcher becomes the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. 1982 – Twenty sailors are killed when the British Type 42 destroyer HMS Sheffield is hit by an Argentinian Exocet missile during the Falklands War. 1988 – The PEPCON disaster rocks Henderson, Nevada, as tons of Space Shuttle fuel detonate during a fire. 1989 – Iran–Contra affair: Former White House aide Oliver North is convicted of three crimes and acquitted of nine other charges; the convictions are later overturned on appeal. 1990 – Latvia declares independence from the Soviet Union. 1994 – Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO leader Yasser Arafat sign a peace accord, granting self-rule in the Gaza Strip and Jericho. 1998 – A federal judge in Sacramento, California, gives "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski four life sentences plus 30 years after Kaczynski accepts a plea agreement sparing him from the death penalty. 2000 – Ken Livingstone becomes the first Mayor of London (an office separate from that of the Lord Mayor of London). 2002 – One hundred three people are killed and 51 are injured in a plane crash near Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport in Kano, Nigeria. 2007 – Greensburg, Kansas is almost completely destroyed by a 1.7-mile wide EF5 tornado. It was the first-ever tornado to be rated as such with the new Enhanced Fujita scale. 2014 – Three people are killed and 62 injured in a pair of bombings on buses in Nairobi, Kenya. 2019 – The inaugural all-female motorsport series, W Series, takes place at Hockenheimring. The race was won by Jamie Chadwick, who would go on to become the inaugural season's champion. 2023 – Eight people are killed and fourteen injured in a spree shooting in Mladenovac and Smederevo, Serbia. It is the second mass shooting in the country in two days.

[wardirishmusicarchives]

Image of Michael J. Dunn from the Dunn Family Collection. Born in County Laois in 1856, Dunn made his way to Milwaukee in the 1880s and worked for the Milwaukee Fire Department. He was a talented uilleann piper and fiddler, and also repaired pipes and other instruments. This photo shows Michael J. Dunn in his Ancient Order of Hibernians uniform. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ #WIMA #irishmusic #vintage #history #archives #libraries #milwaukee #wisconsin #AOH #1800s #mke #ancientorderofhibernians #fiddle #uilleannpipes https://ift.tt/2TqhBnU