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itsawhumpsideblog · 3 months ago

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In The Prison Cell I Sit, Book 1

Content notes: character illness, capture and a hospital stay, eventual good news, an impromptu church service, and the battle of Antietam so hold on to your hats Peter Rafferty was a real person and a Medal of Honor recipient. Father Corby was as well, and his actions here are a matter of historical record. The song is "Tramp, Tramp Tramp", written from the perspective of a prisoner of war dreaming about being home again. Listen here: https://youtu.be/r2TCGZ5Ym78

"In the prison cell I sit

Thinking, Mother dear, of you

And our bright and happy home so far away."

~Tramp, Tramp, Tramp

We did not speak of the incident afterwards: it is not in the nature of soldiers, nor of boys, to sit around and discuss their feelings about any event. We simply kept going, as we knew we had to. Not long after Driscoll and his son died, the order came to fix bayonets. Grimly, we did as we were told and prepared for a charge. It was in this charge that one of the men of Company B, a private named Peter Rafferty, was wounded.

"Get to the rear," one of the officers yelled to him, seeing him stagger upward, but Rafferty shook his head.

"Begging your pardon, sir, but I can't do that," he said and kept forward, holding his gun level at the enemy. The officer shook his head and muttered something under his breath, but it was too late now and Rafferty charged forward with the rest of us.

It wasn't long before he was shot again, and not just once. The officer appeared to swear under his breath but there was nothing he could do personally- he had the rest of the company to lead. The man who had been marching next to Rafferty bellowed for a stretcher bearer and it happened to be Jack and Rory who answered the call. Jack was, as always, pale at the sight of blood and simply doing what Rory told him to.

They placed the stretcher on the grass next to Rafferty and quickly picked him up and put him on it and began struggling to the rear.

I shot Jack a grin and nodded to Rory and we charged up the hill to meet the Confederates. We fought them literally hand to hand. We were so close that we could see their faces as we ran our bayonets through them, and they, similarly, were the last witnesses to the final words of many Irish soldiers.

When we found ourselves with some room, I reached for another round- only for my fingers to close on air. My jaw dropped and I looked frantically around. Patrick only fired off another shot before his eyes met mine. He looked hopeless, and I knew that we were now in the same predicament.

Patrick's spine stiffened and I could tell that he was steeling himself for the next charge forward when the order came to retreat. We didn't like to go, once we had gotten into a battle, but we had no ammunition with which to fight and so at last we turned and retreated hastily out of the reach of the Confederate guns.

We re-grouped as soon as we could and marched back, in much more ragged condition, towards our old camps. We could not have been prepared for what we found there.

My brigade arrived in time to see our camps burn; all our belongings in our tents were in flames and we could only stand and watch the fire shine in the dark. I could see the faces of my friends clearly. Ted's mouth was wide open and Patrick's face was bleak as he surveyed the ruined ground.

"Where are Jack and Rory?" was all he could manage. I shook my head- I didn't know. We promptly went in search of them and in a moment when I had assumed things to be as bad as they could get, things promptly got worse.

Jack and Rory were nowhere to be found.

We were annoyed at first that we couldn't find them- it could be tedious searching for one or two men through the entire brigade- but our annoyance quickly turned to worry and then to something approaching panic.

We went in search of Sergeant O'Malley, who we trusted above almost anyone else.

"Rory and Jack-"I began and couldn't go on- we had run to find the Sergeant and I was out of breath.

"Rory Coleman and Jack Lynch are gone," Patrick supplied. "We think they were captured."

"Don't be too hasty," Sergeant O'Malley cautioned us. "They might be around, looking for you, too, and you just haven't run into each other yet. I'm sure they'll show up."

We nodded, but we weren't so sure that this was the case and when, the next morning, Rory and Jack still had not appeared, we could only assume that they had been captured.

"We know they didn't desert," Patrick said firmly. Ted and I agreed. We knew Jack and Rory; they would never do that. There was no question.

"And…" Patrick hesitated. "Are we sure they weren't… wounded? Or killed, God forbid?" Ted and I thought about it. The truth was, we weren't sure at all and that was our fear, that Jack or Rory was wounded and we had left them behind.

"I saw them with a stretcher, right before we charged," I said uncertainly.

"And I saw them on the way back," Ted agreed.

"Really?"

"Yes, when we were retreating. You know how Rory gets. They were having some trouble with the stretcher- they weren't moving as fast as we were and I couldn't get to them to help them, and there was no way they were going leave that man behind. You know Rory," he repeated. We nodded; of course we did.

"Then we know they made it through the battle," Patrick summarized. Unfortunately, that was all we knew.

It was hard to accept that Jack and Rory were missing; captured, as far as we could tell, but although we had searched the field hospitals without finding them, we had no way to be really sure that they hadn't been wounded or killed, and the uncertainty nearly drove me to distraction. It was also difficult to accept the fact that all of our belongings were gone, up in flames with our camp, although luckily my letters from home were safe in the pocket of my coat.

I thought of Rory's Christmas presents- the card from my sisters, the scarf and gloves, and I knew that he hadn't been carrying them when he was captured. They were gone, too. Not, I realized, with a pang of regret, that Rory needed them now.

We also sat down one night, as soon as we got paper and pencils, to write to Sinead, Jack's girl, to let her know what was happening. Although he tried to hide it, we knew that Jack wrote her every week, regardless of the circumstances, and we knew she would notice when the letters stopped coming. She always wrote him back, and for several weeks we received his letters at Mail Call. We never opened them and kept them all in Patrick's knapsack in case we should ever have the chance to give them to Jack or, if worse came to worst, return them someday to Sinead.

Our regiment was much smaller than it had been. We had fewer than 300 men these days, less than half the number that had marched off to battle with us before this campaign. Some of our officers declared the intention to go back to New York to try to recruit more men. I envied them. Hearing of their plans, I was suddenly homesick.

I was a little bit in luck, though. In early August, there was a package from home. I had written a long letter telling Mother, Maura and Bridget everything that had happened to us. I had left nothing out; from the mule race, to the battles; from Dan and Caleb to Jack and Rory's capture. It was the longest letter I had written since I enlisted, but I felt better when it was sealed and sent.

A few weeks later, I got a reply:

Dear Micheál,

We're sorry to hear that it's been such a long month for you and we are praying for better luck for you in the future. As for the things you lost in the fire, we will send new of whatever we can. Do you know if Rory was carrying his St. Christopher medal? We hope so, but if not we will send another. Here is a fresh shirt and some socks, anyway. Maura says that she hopes you will come home soon so that she can be married, and Bridget hopes you will come home so that you will be here with us again. I just want you safe, wherever you are. We are praying for you and for your friends, especially for Jack and Rory.

Love,

Mother

Patrick also had a letter from his family, saying many of the same things and also sending some necessities that we had lost in the fire. We were grateful, but I remember that summer as a hollow one, solemn and full of worry for our friends. That's not to say that there were no good days, but that summer was very much a time of all work and no play for us.

In August, we were again ordered to march prepared for battle, and there were rumors of another fight at Manassas, a place to which I had no desire to return. There was a fight and again the Union fought hard and was routed. We showed up too late to take part in the fight, which didn't bother me in the least. We kept a road open for the troops heading back to Washington, and I passed the battle of Second Bull Run without hearing a shot fired.

Nothing felt the same without Jack and Rory. I missed Rory's music and quiet competence in any stressful situation; it helped me stay calm too. I missed Jack's antics and the way he had of finding fun in any task. Patrick and Ted and I looked out for each other twice as diligently, now. It was just not the same without all of us there.

And then, one day in September, we were sitting in front of the tents we had received as replacements for the ones burned all those months ago after the fighting at Malvern Hill. I was writing a letter home and grinning over a funny picture Maura had drawn for us, and Ted and Patrick were playing cards. We all looked up at the sound of approaching footsteps to see Sergeant O'Malley standing there, looking like he was about to burst.

"Lads, I have news for you," he said, unable to conceal the delight in his voice, "It's about Lynch and Coleman. There was a prisoner exchange. They were part of it."

Our jaws just about dropped.

"They're coming back?" Patrick asked, disbelieving. Sergeant O'Malley nodded.

"They'll be in the hospital for a while, no telling how long exactly, and then they'll be sent back here or discharged."

"Why would they be discharged?" Ted wanted to know. He sounded nervous and was actually wringing his hands, although he didn’t seem to be aware of the fact.

"Well," the Sergeant cautioned, "we don't know what the conditions were like in prison. I don't want to think about it either, but they may be sick, or starving. If they aren't fit to come back to the army, then they'll be given honorable discharges and sent home." We nodded seriously.

"But the important thing is," he said, "they've been sent back North, and you'll be able to see them again soon."

We thanked him for the news and as he walked off again we turned and began pounding each other on the back, cheering. I could never remember being so happy in my life, except maybe the day we arrived in America. We immediately perked up, all three of us. The card game grew noisier and more boisterous and I joined it, leaving my letter to another day.

The next few days were torture for us. My first thought upon waking the next morning was that Jack and Rory might be coming back. I couldn't wait to see them and was going crazy with anticipation. It didn't really occur to me that they might not be as they usually were after whatever they had been through in that southern prison, and I don't think it occurred to Patrick or Ted either.

It was a full week before Sergeant O'Malley came by again with news about our friends.

"They're in the hospital close by, now," he told us. "If you'd like to go see them, I don't suppose you'd be missed from afternoon drill." He grinned and winked at us.

"Yes, sir!" we responded enthusiastically and quickly got ready to go. The hospital was not far off, but it wasn't that short a walk, either, and we wanted to be there as quickly as possible. We took the things that Mother and the girls had sent to replace what Rory and Jack had lost in the fire, packed in a knapsack along with all the food that we could spare.

We arrived a little later at the hospital, and realized we weren't sure where to go next. There were a couple of buildings, and we hadn't the slightest idea how to go about finding Rory and Jack in them. We stood there, looking around in confusion and shrugging at each other until at last a nurse hurried by with a tray in her hands.

"Excuse me, miss," I began but she shook her head.

"I'm sorry, I can't stop," she replied and kept going. I blushed, embarrassed at my failure.

"Let me try," Patrick smiled and when another nurse passed by, this time carrying a load of wash, Patrick stepped over and said pleasantly,

"Miss, may I help you with that?" Without waiting for her answer, he took the wash basket from her and carried it in the direction she was walking.

"Thank you," she said, smiling at him. "Is there anything I can do for you?"

"I hope so," Patrick said, so earnestly that I had to roll my eyes. "We're looking for a couple of our friends," he explained. "They were just exchanged- they've been in a southern prison since July- and our Sergeant thought we might be able to see them."

"Ah, that'll be the boys they sent up from Libby Prison," the nurse nodded. We were almost to the building now and as we approached the door I stepped forward and held it for her and Patrick, who was still carrying the basket.

"Those boys are in this building," she told us, "and as soon as we get the wash where it's supposed to be I can take you up to see if you can find your friends."

We thanked her and hurried to distribute the linens into the correct piles. The woman was smiling as we did so.

"I've never seen boys so happy to do this kind of work," she remarked and we all laughed a little self-consciously. At last we had finished and we straightened up from our task, looking around at last, and ready to be going.

"All right," she said, "let's go see if we can find your friends. What are their names?"

"Rory Coleman and Jack Lynch," Ted told her and she shrugged.

"They don't sound familiar, but none of the men do outside my own ward. I can pretty well rule out the first floor, then." We followed her up the stairs to the second floor and to the ward there.

We entered the room to find the walls lined with cots. It was a long, thin room with each cot separated by a chair and small table. Perhaps half of the beds were full.

"Most of the wounded are in another ward now," our guide explained. "The men here are sick with something or have been sent north from a prison, like your friends. We don't have patients like that often, but of course now we've got a group."

I thought I recognized some men from the Irish Brigade, even one or two who might have been in my regiment, but neither Jack nor Rory was in that room. We walked up and down the rows, peering into the faces we saw there, and it was no easy task.

When we left that ward, the nurse took a long look at our faces and stalled entering the next ward for as long as she could, trying to let us rest.

"You get used to it," she said gently as she led us at last into the second room.

Jack and Rory were not there, nor were they in the first ward on the third floor. As we entered the fourth room full of beds, drained and terrified that we would not find our friends after all, a cry met us at the door.

"Patrick! Ted! Micheál!" cried a voice, and as we looked frantically around to place it, we saw a soldier struggling to sit up in bed.

"Jack!" I gasped and we hurried over to find Jack lying in bed, weak and thin. He was coughing and looked pale, but he was clearly happy to see us, and he grinned and shook hands with us enthusiastically. He motioned to the next bed, and there was Rory, smiling in his shy way.

We hugged both of them as though we were girls, just happy to see them alive, and at last Jack lay back on the pillow, beaming. Rory had not tried to sit up and I worried about this.

"How are you lads?" Patrick asked and Ted added, in his blunt way,

"You don't look too good, either of you."

"Thanks, Teddy," Jack said sarcastically and Rory just laughed a little.

"I'm all right," he said and, as if to prove it, sat up quite easily and reclined on the pillow. "It's just nice to be in a real bed after sleeping out in the open," he added, as if sensing my fears. He plumped the pillow and smiled. We all turned to Jack who was pretty clearly not all right. I had seen people look worse and had been sicker myself- I thought of the night Da had drowned- but if anyone needed to be in the hospital it was Jack and not Rory.

"I'm fine," Jack said defensively, feeling our eyes on him. He rubbed one hand across his forehead and then coughed at length into his fist. "Now that I'm free again, eating and all, there's nothing wrong." This was such a blatant lie that only Jack could have told it.

"There were a lot of men sick in prison," Rory explained. "There was fever going around. I guess Jack caught it."

"How long has he been sick?" Patrick asked, as though Jack wasn't right there.

"A few weeks now. He was worse before. Most were." We looked at Jack again, processing this information.

"I'm fine!" Jack protested, but when he tried to sit up as Rory had done he yawned and fell back on the pillows. "Sure," he admitted, "I'm not as well as I could be but I'll be all right in a few days."

Rory smiled at him. "Of course you will," he said indulgently. The nurse had been occupied on the other side of the ward, but she came over now and took a spoon and a bottle of medicine out of the pocket of her apron.

"Take this," she said and helped him sit up to swallow the spoonful. After a few minutes he stopped coughing and, now that he was calming down, no longer as excited by our being there, he closed his eyes and went slowly to sleep.

Rory looked over to check on him and when he was sure that Jack was comfortable he sat up straight, folding his legs under the blanket and leaning on one hand. He was thinner than before, as Jack was, but he didn't look so changed, really. He was still recognizably himself. This pleased me.

"I'll probably be out of here in a few days," Rory commented off-handedly. "They just want to fatten us up." He laughed softly and cast a glance over at Jack. They seemed to me to have grown closer. Rory looked out for Jack and Jack kept Rory's life interesting. It was something they both needed.

"Do you still have your fife?" Ted asked. "Just curious."

Rory nodded. "It's under the bed," he explained. "Jack lost his drum, though. They didn't let him keep it."

"Too bad," Patrick grinned. "The men will probably miss his drumming." They hated Jack's incessant practice and this comment made Rory laugh. Then he asked the question we had been dreading.

"Do you have my knapsack?" he wanted to know. "My scarf from your sisters is in there," he added, to me, "I kept the card, though, and the St. Christopher medal your mother sent."

I felt a little sick at having to deliver the news. I was glad Jack was asleep; I wanted to break it to him slowly.

"Rory," Patrick said gently, "after you two were captured we marched back through our old camp. When we got there- it was on fire." He paused, letting this news sink in. Rory looked shocked but, to my relief, only that. He really was doing fine, I realized. He wasn't just saying it.

"Everything's gone," Ted added, trying in his rough way to say it kindly. "I'm afraid we lost all our things. Tents, too."

I remembered, then, what I had in my new knapsack.

"My sisters knitted you another scarf," I told him, producing it. "We wrote and told them what had happened."

"Did you tell them I was captured?" Rory wanted to know. I nodded.

"Everything."

"And they still made me a scarf?"

"Of course," I said. "We knew you'd come back." I tried to smile. Of course we hadn't been sure of any such thing.

He smiled contentedly and I thought that this was the most that I had ever seen him so happy. He asked after our families, and kept looking over to check on Jack. We watched Jack, too, worried about our usually lively friend.

He awoke after a while; we intended to stay until we were told to leave, and so when Jack yawned and stretched and rolled over, the first words he spoke were,

"You're still here?"

"We're still here," Ted agreed, rolling his eyes.

"And we have something for you," Patrick added, and I remembered the letters. Patrick rifled through his knapsack and pulled a rather thick stack of envelopes from it. He gave them to Jack, who looked very surprised.

"From Sinead," Patrick told him and Ted smirked at the blush that spread across Jack's face. "We wrote and told her what happened," Patrick continued, "And we picked up your mail." We found out later that Sinead had kept writing to Jack even after our letter reached her. Jack, too, returned from prison with a short letter he had managed to write and keep, to be sent at a later date.

"I wrote her as soon as I could," he told us, "So she should be hearing from me soon."

"We wrote her, too, as soon as we heard you were coming back," I grinned. Jack had a good laugh about that, and then turned away from us to read his letters.

We came to visit again every afternoon, and in a couple of days Rory was discharged from the hospital. Now that he was out of prison, Jack got steadily better and a few days later he, too, came back to us. Everything felt right. There were five of us occupying the two tents again, five of us to cook and work and get into mischief.

It was September in Virginia and slowly the nights turned cooler. One morning we actually woke to some frost on the ground, and I was surprised, but the days were as hot as ever and we looked forward to the evenings, when the temperature was just right. We went swimming still some afternoons, but we were sleeping under blankets at night again.

It was still early in the month when we crossed the border into Maryland. We met out new recruits there, and with them came General Meagher, back from New York. There weren't so many of them as we had hoped, but it was good to have our general with us again, and any warm bodies we could get would come in handy.

"Have a look at those uniforms," Ted commented. "Remember when ours were that shiny?"

"Won't be that way for long," Jack said. "I hear we're headed for another fight.

"We're in the army," Ted shot back. "We're always headed for another fight. Unless Jeff Davis comes to his senses, that is."

Ted was right about the fresh recruits. Their uniforms were crisp and new, and they looked at us bashfully, as though they were ashamed to be clean and well-fed in the presence of veteran soldiers. For my own part, I couldn't help feeling superior. I knew what war was, I knew how to fight, and I had proven over and over that I could hold my own in battle. The new recruits seemed to wonder, as all new soldiers wonder, how they would measure up. They would have their chance to find out.

On the 17th, mid-morning, we found ourselves in the middle of the Union line just outside Sharpsburg, Maryland and crossing a creek.

"Dammit," Ted swore as we stepped into the water. "Did we look too comfortable?" We ignored his complaining, already wet and uncomfortable enough.

After we crossed the creek, an officer gathered the new recruits around him and explained that they were being given provost duty that day.

"You haven't been here long enough to be ready for battle," he said, "and so you'll be spared this time around." There was an unusual silence and finally one man spoke up.

"Sir, we want to fight," he said firmly.

"What, all of you? Really?"

"We came here to fight," the man insisted and after contemplating his options, the officer shrugged.

"Well, all those who want to fight today, fall in. We won't think less of any man who stays behind." No sooner had he spoken than the new men, more than 100 of them, shouldered their guns and joined us.

In a cornfield, later that morning, we piled up everything we were carrying that wasn't essential for battle and got ourselves into formation. Our division was on the right of the battle line and our regiment was on the far right of our division, an acknowledgement of our reputation and capability in battle. It wasn’t long before orders came for us to march at the double-quick into the fight.

Before we moved, I saw our Chaplain, Father Corby, go flying by on his horse. When he'd reached the edge of the regiment, he stopped and we bowed our heads to receive absolution.

"God, the Father of mercies," he prayed, "Through the death and resurrection of his Son has reconciled the world to himself and sent the Holy Spirit among us for the forgiveness of sins; through the ministry of the Church may God give you pardon and peace, and I absolve you from your sins in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen."

"Amen," we responded.

"You should each make an Act of Contrition," Father Corby added, "And God bless you, boys."

As we marched off to battle I could hear the men around me murmuring the Act of Contrition under their breaths. Together, the five of us bowed our heads and prayed, too, in unison.

"O my God, I am heartily sorry for having offended Thee," I began, reciting the words I had said over and over, as my mother had taught me, "and I detest all my sins because of Thy just punishments, but most of all because they offend Thee, my God, who art all-good and deserving of all my love." I paused a moment as my throat tightened. I could hear Patrick's voice catch, too, and knew that he was at home in his mind, imagining the church back in Ireland, the cathedral in New York, and our own families. I took a deep breath and finished, "I firmly resolve, with the help of Thy grace, to sin no more and to avoid the near occasions of sin. In the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, Amen."

We made the sign of the cross as we ended our prayer and, with a sigh, I turned my thoughts back to the battle.

We crossed that field towards a wooden fence, and I tried my hardest not to watch, because the fence was being constantly struck by bullets meant for us. When we finally got to it, we had to stop and lie down on the ground while fence pieces and dead bodies were cleared so that we could go on. Even as we lay there, as flat as we could so that we would be smaller targets, men around me were being shot and dying where they lay.

At last the orders came to go forward again to a road some ways before us. We rose and continued on as the Confederates in front of us poured artillery shot into our ranks.

I was aware, all of a sudden, of a huge gap in the line right next to where I stood. I couldn't have stopped and couldn’t even look around very much, but I had the terrible, sinking feeling that Ted was gone. I was almost sure of it when the shell hit, and when the line closed up and I snuck a glance to my right, there was another man there. My breath caught and I wanted to stop, tell Patrick what had happened and go back for Ted, but that wasn't an option. We had to keep going.

The rebels clearly had an advantage over us there; our color bearers were falling one after the other. Each time our flag was threatened another man would grab the staff and it seemed that almost as soon as he touched it he was shot down.

We faced the rebels on the other side of a road and it was some of the heaviest fighting I had ever seen. They had us pinned down there, unable to more forward. A few times, General Meagher tried to get the men to charge, but most of us knew we couldn’t make it and so we stayed right where we were. A few men each time would try to obey the order and they were all shot down right away. I was afraid that Patrick would become one of them, trying too hard to be heroic.

He stayed right where he was beside me, though, and I thought frantically of Jack, Rory and, most of all, Ted. I was almost frantic to get away and look for them, but I stayed in my place. When the order finally came to fall back, we coolly shouldered our guns and turned to march in parade formation out of the line of fire. We marched back through the fields of dead and dying men, our head held high and our steps calm and even. I couldn't help but feel a thrill of pride as we went at what an honor it was to be a member of the 69th New York of Meagher's Irish Brigade.

Masterpost

#history whump #historical whump #whump #slow burn whump

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lambytyres · 7 months ago

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Save your tyres from unfavorable conditions to increase their lifespan

Tyres are effective when they are in good condition. However, your car tyres have a lot of components but only its tyres directly touch the road surface. Moreover, they are exposed to the factors like sunlight and oxygen. Therefore, tyres face a lot of issues just because of unfavorable driving conditions since they have to function on open roads.

Tyre makes manufacturer car Continental Tyres Corby with an expiry period. According to the guidelines of tyre manufacturers, you must change your car tyres after 6 to 10 years. Tyre experts set this period since they are fully aware of the bad factors that damage your car tyres.

Your role is also crucial in determining the total age of your car tyres. You can surely increase the lifespan of your car tyres with the help of proper maintenance.

You must save your tyres from unfavorable driving conditions if you wish to make a better tyre maintenance plan.

In this blog, we will talk about common unfavorable factors that promote wear and tear in your car tyres.

Have a look!

Sunlight and UV rays:

Sunlight and UV rays affect the structure of tyre rubber. If you expose tyre rubber to the sunlight for a long time, tyre rubber will become hard and brittle steadily. As you see, tyres run on open roads. Therefore, it is not easy to save car tyres from Sunlight and UV rays.

Water:

Tyres generally run on wet roads. Rain-friendly tyres are fully prepared for wet conditions. They come with a suitable tread pattern to scatter extra water to keep their body dry. However, after several years, water starts to degrade tyre rubber gradually to promote issues like tread wear and cracking.

Heat:

Heat is also a common enemy of car tyres. Environmental heat plays a crucial role in degrading car tyres quickly. Moreover, heat also takes place when tyres run on roads at high speed. Speed creates friction and heat to promote wear and wear in tyre rubber.

Heat increases air pressure in tyres. High air pressure is not a good condition for car tyres because of issues like blowouts and punctures.

Friction:

When one object moves on another object, frictional force takes place. Friction is necessary for the movement of objects. If friction is absent, you cannot even write on the paper with your pen. Moreover, you cannot walk on roads comfortably if friction is not active between your feet and the road surface.

Similarly, tyres create friction when they run on roads. The texture of the surface and the speed of your tyres are crucial factors in determining the intensity of frictional force. So, friction with high intensity will take place if your car is moving quickly on a rough road surface.

Friction is necessary for the movement of car tyres but at the same time, friction degrades the tyre rubber gradually. Friction generally generates heat. So, heat also degrades car tyres steadily to promote issues like tread wear and blowouts.

Road debris:

Broken parts of vehicles, iron nails, pebbles, shards of glass, and other sharp objects are present on roads. These objects may cause cuts and punctures in the tread part of the sidewall of your car tyres.

Deep and wide cuts may reach the internal parts of car tyres. In this condition, your tyres are at risk of failure. Leakage of air is also possible because of deep and wide cuts in the tread part.

Objects like iron nails make tiny holes in the tread part to cause a puncture. The presence of puncture is not ideal for a car tyre because of the risks of flat tyres. Flat tyres cannot carry the weight of your vehicle. Moreover, they are unable to even maintain proper shape. In this condition, you cannot drive your car safely on roads.

Road debris may also cause serious tyre blowouts. Blowouts are extremely dangerous in some cases. They damage a larger part of your tyre. As a result, you must replace this tyre with new tyres instantly.

Road conditions:

Tyres do not always run on smooth highways. They have to run in narrow streets. Sometimes, tyres move on mud, rocks, and soil. Tyres have to face substances like snow, slush, and ice when you drive your vehicle in winter conditions.

Bumps, potholes, and curbs may damage the internal structure of your car tyres seriously. As a result of the impact, bulges may take place in the tyre sidewall.

The temperature of a road surface is also a crucial factor in affecting the performance and health level of car tyres. Tyres lose their grip in both cold and hot conditions. Freezing temperatures cause hardness in tyre rubber whereas heat melts the tyre rubber.

Driving mistakes:

Forgetting air pressure, wheel alignment, and balancing for a long time is a big mistake car drivers make to degrade car tyres. Moreover, using tyres in the wrong driving conditions is also a crucial factor in wear and tear in tyres. Moreover, drivers must buy their new tyres with the consideration of instructions given in the user manual.

Conclusion

If you want to make a better tyre maintenance plan, you must consider the factors that damage your car tyres. If you do not make driving mistakes, check your Car Tyres Corby regularly, and follow proper maintenance steps, you can surely decrease the negative effects of these unfavorable driving conditions.

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loadask352 · 3 years ago

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Snap-on 57 Chevy Bel Air Tool Box

Snap on toolbox, roll cab, tool chest, 40” trolley box. Corby, Northamptonshire. Snap on tools 40” trolley In great condition, been well looked after Lots more storage than a normal 40” roll cab Has lock and roll draws, newer style lock and all works perfectly. 1955-1957 Chevy. For ‘55-‘57 Chevy sheetmetal, interior, trim and components, CARS Inc. Is your one stop source. Hardtop, sedan, or wagon, Bel Air, 210 or 150, if it’s a 1955, 1956 or 1957 Chevrolet, CARS Inc. Has all the parts you need for your Tri Five Chevy. This item: 1/25 1957 Chevy Bel Air. Ships from and sold by Horizon Hobby. Keadic 9Pcs Gundam Model Tools Kit Hobby Building Tools Craft Set for Basic Model Building, Repairing and Fixing. Sold by Keadic and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. FREE Shipping on orders over $25.00. Snap-on Tools 1957 Chevy Bel Air 60th Anniversary Chevrolet Men Medium Shirt EUC. Top Rated Seller. Top Rated Seller. From United States. +C $21.04 shipping estimate.

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tuneplane40 · 4 years ago

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Beginning A Resort For Pet Cats

Choosing A Boarding Cattery

Content

What The Latest Lockdown Policies Mean For Resort Remains In Britain.

Join The Icatcare Neighborhood.

Your Dogs Very First Year.

Boarding Kennel Advice As Well As Alternatives.

Mapped: Dog Breeds In The Uk.

Consolidated Catteries As Well As Kennels.

How Much Does It Cost To Kennel A Dog Or Pet Cat In The Uk?

Of course, they will enjoy to see their favourite human when they return. Also if your pet dog or cat is staying with buddies and also you recognize they'll be ruined, it's still tough to say goodbye when you take place trip. Honestly, no one actually recognizes what takes place inside a dog's or cat's head yet if they're left in qualified hands they will certainly deal much better. A dog kennel is an additional alternative for when you're away on holiday, but do see to it that your dog would fit in this type of environment. Although several pet kennels have open area for workout and play time pets will remain on their very own in a crate or kennel, and therefore can be rather lonesome and isolating. If your pet struggles with splitting up anxiousness this could not be the very best alternative for you both.

Some nations still have additional special conditions, as well as demands for various countries change routinely, so prior to you take a trip with your cat consult DEFRA to see exactly how you're impacted. You can discover info on their website or call the PET DOGS Helpline on.

What The Most Recent Lockdown Rules Mean For Hotel Stays In Britain.

Whether you're taking place a weekend break getaway or lengthy vacation, one point is for sure, your pet deserves the most effective treatment while you're away. Guarantee you have satisfaction when they're far from you right here are a few places they can remain. There are times when your family pet can not come on vacation with you - depressing, we know - yet don't worry, here are a few suggestions for you as well as your pet dog, to ensure you both have a satisfied vacation.

youtube

Besides, household holidays wouldn't coincide without your family pet! However, there are a few points that you'll need to arrange in advance, specifically if you're leaving the country. Rover We've partnered with the globe's biggest network of pet dog caretakers and pet walkers, Rover.com. all pets and also pet cats are to be approximately day with flea and worm therapy. ' initial sessions' with your animals brand-new carer will certainly assist them settle in for when you get on holiday.

Join The Icatcare Neighborhood.

A close friend may additionally even offer to stay in your house specifically if you live in a preferred area of community or in the nation! If your close friends have cats then the favour can be reciprocated. Their are many different alternatives around such as pet cat boarding in somebody's residence or a cattery, cat resorts, cat caretakers and stay in pet cat caretakers, boarding at a veterinarians or friends houses. I always utilized to leave mine at house with a neighbour can be found in to feed and also water. I don't assume it's harsh to lock him inside and I believe most cats would favor their own residence to a cattery. Pet cats are frequently looked after in their own house so they may not be as concerned as dogs when their proprietor leaves. As long as they have their little comforts and also their regimen does not transform too distractly they will cope fine.

A vacation is an ideal way to kick back, rewind and soothe everyday tensions. Nonetheless, before you triggered on your travels there are a couple of points to set up and also arrange - one being pet care. For more information pertaining to taking a trip with your cat after Brexit, inspect the main assistance. It's perfectly possible to go on holiday with your feline as long as you prepare ahead of time. Taking cats on holiday might mean a little additional organisation; as long as everything is arranged in excellent time, and also you understand your cat can cope with the journey, you need to be fine. A missing proprietor or modification of regimen can be demanding for your pet. Having somebody look after your family pet in your home is normally the best alternative, as it permits you to keep things as familiar as feasible for your animal.

Your Pet Dogs Initial Year.

When you reach your lodging, your feline will certainly value lots of time to work out in. Just leave them in their service provider in a silent location while you unload, after that safeguard the room and allow her out of the provider to explore at her very own area. Go with your cat if you can, moving between rooms up until they've all been explored and also your cat is comfortable. Most of the times your cat won't call for unique medicine prior to going on vacation; but if you're unclear, ask your vet for comfort. All the same, it's an excellent concept to seek advice from your veterinarian concerning your feline's viability for a lengthy journey, as every family pet is different and also there might be things that you haven't thought about.

BBB warns people of online kitten scam - ABC 36 News - WTVQ

BBB warns people of online kitten scam - ABC 36 News.

Posted: Mon, 08 Oct 2018 07:00:00 GMT [source]

Picture just how he would certainly feel being eliminated from this area for 2 weeks. Feline Hotels and boarding in veterinarians produces stress and anxiety since the odor of various other pets or other felines can, no doubt, be overwhelming. On top of this they are maintained in a restricted area potentially having the ability to see various other cats too. The exact same can be stated for individuals who board cats in their very own home. I heard of one girl that boarded a blind pet cat only to have the cat roaming around her residence for days crying because it no longer felt secure as well as no longer recognized where any one of the furnishings was placed. That is something that shouldn't have actually even been considered to begin with.

Boarding Kennel Suggestions And Alternatives.

I'm sure he will be great in your home on his very own for a number of weeks, it seems like he obtains great deals of gos to and also individuals come in to give him a little bit of company. He is really timid, reluctant and also anxious and would DISLIKE to visit a cattery. He doesn't like unfamiliar people either as well as if we take him to stay at my parents he simply hides under my old bed all week. If family members, friends or neighbors can't help you out, a dog boarder is a great choice for pet dog treatment. A dog boarder generally cares for a canine in their own home, making them a part of their family and life for the days they spend with them. This is a wonderful alternative for pet dog owners that are searching for a more home-like feeling to their canine's treatment, as there are no cages or cages utilized.

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Other choices, for felines that are used to travelling by automobile as well as that have outbound positive personalities, are to take them with you. Some cats have actually been trained to travel with their owners from kittens as well as enjoy the process. However, the majority of mogs do not travel well and are not used to holidaying with their proprietors therefore this write-up is for them and their owners. When we are away our 2 are shut in constantly, generally the feline flap is open throughout the day. They seem great when the feline sitter comes round and do not seem to be seeking to go out when she is here.

Mapped: Pet Types In The Uk.

Whether cattery corby staying in the nation or travelling, you ought to acquaint on your own with taking a trip with your feline by aircraft or auto. You can generally take your pet cat on vacation, whether you're remaining at house or travelling.

A lot of cattery proprietors additionally run kennels on the same property.

The cattery needs to have ample ventilation and air voids in between units.

We're a little unsure regarding the various organisations which claim that only their members have respectable catteries.

It sets you back cash, as well as some smaller catteries won't take into consideration the expense reasonable.

The typical pet cat, maybe a little disorientated in its brand-new lodgings, won't wish to invest its day listening to what appears to be a barking competition.

If a long boarding kennels northamptonshire article from cattery365.co.uk are out show and tell, you need to ask why.

Royal Canin partners with specialist family pet nutrition service providers who have the ability to assist you choose the correct tailored nourishment for your cat or pet. Because of this, Royal Canin can be discovered in the best stores, including expert animal stores as well as veterinarians. It's this type of assistance for proprietors that Royal Canin has originated, guaranteeing you select the best diet plan for your incredible family pet. If you would certainly such as more information on taking a trip with your pet cat or have any type of various other queries, call our PETCARE SPECIALIST GROUP. 10 days prior to you take a trip, go back to the veterinarian for an animal wellness certificate that includes evidence of your pet cat's vaccination background, microchipping day and also the effective rabies antibody blood test result.

Combined Catteries As Well As Kennels.

cattery yaxley is particularly real if you've obtained a pet cat, rabbit or tiny animal as they wont recognize with travelling and also checking out new locations. As pet cats can be cautious regarding strangers and also the brand-new smells they bring right into the home, it's a great idea to invite an animal sitter round for a meet-and-greet prior to your separation. Allow them have fun with as well as stroke your feline, and also possibly feed puss a prized treat or 2, aiding your cat to create positive associations. If taking a trip with your cat is inevitable, you'll require to make sure that the atmosphere at the destination is ideal and has the best veterinary care as well as offered room. Everybody requires a holiday far from their precious felines yet our cats do not need to go anywhere! Don't underestimate pals who would want to help out. If a pal is neighborhood after that they may well enjoy to pop by day-to-day to invest some time with your cat.

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helloemergencyservices · 5 years ago

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visitonair · 5 years ago

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Dark Tourism: Are These The World’s Most Macabre Tourist Attractions? – Forbes

Dark tourism is generally defined as tourism involving travel to places historically associated with death and tragedy. It’s an interesting, somewhat macabre idea and as such its definition has recently been expanded upon to include the reasons people may want to visit a site beyond its gruesome appeal – namely its historical value rather than associations with death and suffering.

Whatever the reasoning behind it, dark tourism is on the up. And shows like the recent smash hit Chernobyl have only heightened people’s focus on visiting places with a grisly appeal. In particular, Pripyat in the Ukraine – the hometown of Chernobyl – is on track to become 2019’s surprise hit tourism destination.

In a nod to this strange trend then, My Late Deals has looked into the top dark tourism destinations around the world that explore, commemorate, try to understand and pay tribute to some of the greatest tragedies humans have inflicted upon themselves over our short but checkered history.

Flowers and a toy are placed to mourn the victims of the 9/11 terror attacks at the National September 11 Memorial and Museum in New York.

Xinhua News Agency/Getty Images

National 9/11 Memorial and Museum

New York, USA

A tribute of remembrance and honor to the 2,977 people killed in the terror attacks of September 11, 2001 and the six people killed in the World Trade Center bombing of February 1993. Twin reflecting pools sit within the footprints of where the Twin Towers once stood and bear the names of every victim etched into the bronze panels surrounding the pools. They’re a sombre but powerful reminder of the largest loss of life from a foreign attack on American soil.

Visitor info: The 9/11 Memorial is free and open to the public daily from 7.30am to 9pm. You can buy museum tickets with entry to all exhibitions online at the museum website up to six months in advance.

Home | National September 11 Memorial & Museum

911memorial

The entrance of Auschwitz I, Poland bears a warning to anyone entering.

NurPhoto via Getty Images

Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau

Near Krakow, Poland

The largest German Nazi concentration camp and extermination center ever built, Auschwitz stands as a global symbol of terror and genocide that saw more than 1.1million men, women and children lose their lives. As well as a heart-rending testament to the evil humans can inflict upon each other, it also acts as a vital reminder and tool of education to try and prevent such atrocities happening again. As the museum explains, “There is no way to understand postwar Europe and the world without an in-depth confrontation between our idea of mankind and the remains of Auschwitz.”

Visitor info: It’s free to enter the grounds of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial but you should reserve a ticket on the website in advance as there are only limited individual tickets available on site daily from 7.30am. The museum is open year round except for Easter Sunday, Christmas Day and New Year’s Day. Due to its content, the museum advises it’s not suitable for children younger than 14 and visitors are, of course, urged to dress and behave appropriately.

Auschwitz-Birkenau

Auschwitz www.auschwitz.org

Tourists visit the Memorial Park, Atomic Bomb Dome and nearby Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum in Japan.

Getty Images

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

Hiroshima, Japan

A moment that changed the course of history and shape of the world forever, on August 6th 1945 an atomic bomb detonated around 600 metres above the city of Hiroshima signalling the beginning of the end of WWII but at an unimaginable cost to life, the numbers of which will never be known for certain. The Memorial Museum is a call to action for all mankind: ‘No more Hiroshimas’ and hosts exhibitions of artefacts from the explosion and its victims, and testimonials from those who survived. Don’t miss the compelling letters sent to every nuclear world leader annually on the A-bomb anniversary calling for universal disarmament.

Visitor info: Open every day of the year except December 30 and 31st, an entry ticket costs 200 yen for adults and less for students.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

Hpmmuseum Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum

Pripyat, near the Chernobyl nuclear plant, still bears its radioactive scars.

NurPhoto via Getty Images

Chernobyl

Pripyat, Ukraine

The world’s worst nuclear accident occurred behind the closed doors of the Iron Curtain on April 25-26th 1986 at the remote Chernobyl nuclear reactor. Its effects are still a long way from over, with scientists estimating it will take up to 20,000 years for the exclusion zone around the plant to become habitable again. But that doesn’t mean you can’t take a look for yourself on a carefully guided tour of the town and surrounding area to try and understand the impact it had. Top tip – if you haven’t seen the TV series before you go, maybe wait until after in case it puts you off (which would be entirely understandable.)

Visitor info: A lot to take in here as the tour guide rules are understandably explicit and strict to keep you safe from radiation poisoning so make sure you read up on them properly, so you’re prepared before you go. Chernobyl tours are open year round with one-day and multi-day trips available.

CHORNOBYL TOUR® – Official provider of the Chornobyl zone, ChNPP, Pripyat-town. Top-quality trips.

Chernobyl-tour

The original clothing of the victims hangs as a poignant reminder to the Murambi massacre.

Corbis via Getty Images

Murambi Genocide Memorial

Near Murambi, Southern Rwanda

There’s no possible way to compare mass murders and genocides across history with each as terrible as the next, but of all the global memorials, Murambi’s is perhaps the hardest to bare. It sits atop a picturesque green hill in rolling countryside on the site of an unfinished technical college where, in April 1994 an estimated 50,000 Tutsi men, women and children were massacred by the Interahamwe militia and soldiers loyal to the government responsible for the genocide. Uniquely and horrifically, the corpses of some 800 victims were exhumed, preserved in lime and put on display rather than being reburied – where they remain to this day

Visitor info: Open daily from 8am to 5pm (except on Umuganda Saturdays – the last of each month when it’s open from 1pm to 5pm) the memorial is free to enter and has an accompanying audio guide. Once again, be warned that it’s not an experience for children or those easily overwhelmed.

Genocide memorial opens at Murambi, Rwanda

Aegis Trust

A cell at the former Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary complete with chiseled air vent – a reminder of a successful prison escape in 1962.

Getty Images

Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary

San Francisco, USA

The Rock has become a cultural icon, a place embraced by Hollywood, music, folklore and tourists – and as such is San Francisco’s most popular tourist destination. The notorious former maximum-security federal penitentiary was home over its 29 years to everyone from Al Capone to Machine Gun Kelly and many of its cells remain much as they were when the prison was open, offering a glimpse of the hardships its guests had to endure. Many said the worst thing about being incarcerated here was being able to see the mainland and people going about their everyday lives – something many of the prisoners would never do again and so described as torture to witness.

Visitor info: Open daily except Thanksgiving, Christmas Day and New Year’s Day, with ferry times to get you there varying through the seasons. Most timetables start around 9am from Pier 33 Alcatraz Landing in San Francisco and you should arrive at least 30 minutes before your ferry departs. Alcatraz Cruises is the official tour operator to the National Park Service.

Alcatraz Island (U.S. National Park Service)

Nps

Visitors explore the archaeological site of Pompeii with Mount Vesuvius looming ominously in the distance, a permanent reminder of the town’s tragic fate.

NurPhoto via Getty Images

The Ruins of Pompeii

Pompeii, Italy

This year saw the 1,940th anniversary of the Mount Vesuvius’s legendary volcanic eruption that wiped out the Roman city of Pompeii in 79AD. And while some may raise an eyebrow at its inclusion as a dark tourist site, the passing of years shouldn’t diminish the devastation of the eruption (which was many thousands of times more powerful than Hiroshima’s A-bomb) nor the number of lives it took. What makes it so compelling is its extraordinary condition thanks to the vast amount of ash that coated the city, thus preserving it for tourists to take selfies against nearly two thousand years later.

Visitor info: Open daily except for New Year’s Day, May 1st and Christmas Day from 9am. You can buy tickets in advance online or on the day at the ticket offices on site. EU citizens aged 18-24 can pick up tickets for €6 and kids for €3, while everyone else has to pay €18.90.

Pompei, gli scavi e la Città nuova. – Pompei Online.net

Pompei Online.net

A Cambodian Buddhist monk looks at skulls displayed at the Choeung Ek killing fields memorial during the annual Day of Anger in Phnom Penh.

AFP/Getty Images

The Killing Fields of Choeung Ek

Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Some 10 miles southwest of the Cambodian capital at Phnom Penh, this previously peaceful orchard was transformed between 1975 and 1978 into a mass killing ground under the orders of infamous despot, Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge regime. Removing prisoners from the S-21 prison (now Tuol Sleng Museum in Phnom Penh), around 17,000 men, women and children were transported here to be murdered without ‘wasting bullets’. The remains of 8,895 people were exhumed from mass graves in 1980 and many skulls are on display graphically showing the brutal way they were killed.

Visitor info: Open daily from 7.30am to 5.30pm, admission to the Killing Fields costs $6 including an audio tour. Most hotels in Phnom Penh can also put you in touch with a local tour guide.

Cheung Ek Killing Field, Attraction in Phnom Penh | Tourism Cambodia

Tourismcambodia TourismCambodia.com

The post Dark Tourism: Are These The World’s Most Macabre Tourist Attractions? – Forbes appeared first on Visit onair.

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#travel #visit #holiday #vacation #trip #journey #traveldestinations #traveltips #travelpacking #trav

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fumpkins · 6 years ago

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Get ready for more back-to-back heat waves, study says

Get your day-to-day dosage of excellent news from Livescience.Tech Register For The Beacon

Last July, temperature levels in Waco, Texas reached an all-time high of 114 degrees Fahrenheit. It was was the 12th day in a row that temperature levels had actually exceeded 99 degrees F, and the 7th day of record-breaking heat. The city’s energy usage sky-rocketed as its electrical grid had a hard time to keep air conditioning unit up and running. Regional ranchers fretted about decreasing food materials for their livestock — the stock was running low since of the heat and continuous dry spell. By the end of the month, 22 days had actually struck temperature levels of a minimum of 100 degrees F.

Waco was simply among numerous cities around the world that exceeded for heats in 2018. Now brand-new research study from Princeton discovered that back-to-back heat waves (cycles of extreme heat sprinkled with just time-outs of typical weather condition) will end up being more typical thanks to, you thought it: environment modification.

Utilizing computer-generated environment simulations, scientists anticipate an uptick in serial heat wave occasions compared to single heat waves. While other research studies have actually prepared for heat waves ending up being longer, more powerful, and more regular as international typical temperature levels increase, the Princeton report likewise analyzed how hazards to health and security intensify when populations undergo one heatwave after another.

Extreme heat currently takes more than 600 lives each year in the U.S. — more than any other weather-related catastrophe. An individual is more most likely to end up being dehydrated after extended bouts of heat, scientists state, indicating an ever bigger public health crisis. Several stretches of heats can rapidly sap a neighborhood of its resources. As the quantity of time in between each heat wave diminishes, authorities will require to rush to all at once deal with the damage done by previous heat occasions (such as power blackouts and drained pipes emergency situation reaction systems) while preparing for the next wave of severe temperature levels.

“We want to know how the effects of compound heat waves will differ from — and amplify — the already severe consequences for human health, infrastructure stability and crop yield that we see from single-event heat waves,” study co-author Michael Oppenheimer stated in a news release.

Some neighborhoods bear more of the threats connected with severe heat than others. A 2017 study released in the American Journal of Public Health discovered that immigrants are 3 times more most likely to pass away from heat-associated health problems compared to residents. More than 85 percent of non-U.S. residents who passed away from heat-associated causes were Hispanic. Scientist assumed that working outdoors and in farming increased vulnerability, especially for more youthful immigrants. They likewise indicated extended heat direct exposure throughout border crossings, which are ending up being progressively risky as migrants threat more remote paths to the U.S. in the middle of increased border security and the Trump administration’s efforts to make it more challenging to certify for asylum. 3 states that surround Mexico — California, Arizona, and Texas — accounted for almost 95 percent of all heat-associated deaths of non-U.S. residents.

Urban heat islands — locations where there are more heat-taking in asphalt and less green space that assist the area cool off — typically take place in neighborhoods of color where there is a history of disinvestment and ecological bigotry. In New York City City, where approximately 100 individuals pass away of severe heat each year, an out of proportion variety of heat deaths take place amongst black citizens.

“When people talk about the climate crisis, this is not something that is 12 or 10 years down the line,” stated Cecil Corbin-Mark, deputy director of the not-for-profit WE ACT for Environmental Justice, which has actually worked to end racial variations in heat related-illness and death in New york city.“We are experiencing that danger right now.”

Making communities more heat-resistant ways lowering the quantity of covered and paved surface areas, developing more green space, and — since it can typically be hotter inside than outdoors — structure cost effective real estate with products that keep temperature levels manageable.

“We want to make sure that our neighborhoods are more climate resilient,” stated Corbin-Mark. “Make sure places are safer in our neighborhoods, and not heat traps that are killing people.”

New post published on: https://www.livescience.tech/2019/05/13/get-ready-for-more-back-to-back-heat-waves-study-says/

#Justine Calma

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morganbelarus · 6 years ago

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NYC Bill Aims To Coat Hot Streets With Material Developed To Thwart Spy Satellites

Every summer, New York City’s roughly 6,000 miles of paved roads transform certain neighborhoods into ovens as black asphalt soaks up the heat and radiates it back up.

Now one Brooklyn lawmaker is taking a step to try to change that.

City Councilman Mark Treyger plans to introduce legislation Wednesday that would mark the first step toward coating some residential streets in the five boroughs with a light-gray sealant that would reflect the sun’s rays and mitigate the so-called urban heat island effect.

Such a coating, developed for military air bases, is just one small way to reduce heat islands. Planting more trees, creating parks and covering rooftops with gardens are other effective techniques. But reflective seals on streets can decrease surface temperatures by up to 30 degrees on hot days, a difference that could mean life or death for the hundreds of mostly poor New Yorkers hospitalized each year for heat-related illness.

“We need to start implementing common-sense and practice initiatives at this hour,” Treyger, a Democrat, said by phone Tuesday.

The bill orders the city’s Department of Transportation to study the “feasibility of applying to the surface of city streets sealcoat or any other material that has the effect of reflecting sunlight and lowering street surface temperatures.” The legislation would take effect immediately, setting a Jan. 1, 2020, deadline for the study.

It’s part of a suite of legislation and regulatory moves by the nation’s largest and most economically influential city to prepare for rapidly worsening climate change. New York is a textbook case of vulnerability to climate change. That’s partly due to its aging infrastructure and coastal location, making it susceptible to sea-level rise and vicious storms. But it’s also because of the city’s chasmic income gap and rising cost of living, which make life in the city, even in normal environmental conditions, challenging for anyone who isn’t rich.

While lawmakers in Washington are debating a Green New Deal that aims to direct billions of federal dollars toward climate-friendly infrastructure across the nation, local efforts that could be replicated elsewhere are finding new urgency.

“We have an obligation to our generation, the next generation and future generations to reduce the impact of climate change now,” Treyger said.

Ramin Talaie/Corbis via Getty Images

A woman suffering heat-related injuries is taken to the hospital in Brooklyn, New York, in July 2006.

Upward of 600 people across the country die of heat-related causes each year, according to U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data. In New York City, heat causes an average of 450 emergency room visits each year and more than 100 deaths. As Grist reported last year, nearly half of those deaths were African-Americans, despite being just 25 percent of the city’s population.

The real death toll may be much higher, according to a report last year from the New York City Environmental Justice Alliance. At least one 2016 study found that heat-related deaths in the city could top 600 per year.

“Extreme heat is increasingly the most urgent climate issue that the communities we serve are facing,” Annel Hernandez, associate director at Environmental Justice Alliance, said by phone. “It really sets itself up to be a climate disaster.”

Los Angeles declared itself the first city to use pavement-cooling coatings on roads in 2017. The city began testing the use of a substance known as CoolSeal, a light gray coating that reflects the sun’s rays, in 2015, The Washington Post reported at the time.

The New York bill does not specify a sealant, but the coating used in Los Angeles, which Treyger credited as his inspiration, is produced by the California-based company GuardTop. The firm began developing the product six years ago at the request of a defense contractor seeking material to cool pavement for airplane runways and make it harder to infrared spy satellites to detect military sites, said Laura Koleas, president and co-owner of GuardTop.

Since painting over 15 residential streets in heat-island neighborhoods of Los Angeles, the company has coated asphalt in the Crystal City neighborhood of Arlington, Virginia; in school districts in San Diego; and on several streets in Melbourne, Australia.

Extreme heat is increasingly the most urgent climate issue Annel Hernandez, New York City Environmental Justice Alliance

But the material ― a double coating, which the company said costs about $62,000 per mile in Southern California and lasts for seven years ― is limited.

“It’s not something you would put on high-traffic streets or high-speed streets,” Koleas said.

Research cited in a 2017 Environmental Protection Agency report found that if 35 percent of Los Angeles’ streets were coated with reflective surfacing, air temperatures could drop by 1 degree Fahrenheit.

“If every residential street were coated with a cool pavement, even slight temperature reductions would save lives from heat stroke and such,” Koleas said.

If the New York City bill passes, it would be the latest high-profile attempt by the city to mitigate climate change.

In January, Councilman Costa Constantinides introduced a bill mandating the city come up with a plan to shutter its 24 oil- and gas-burning power plants and replace them with renewable sources of electricity. Two months earlier, the same Queens lawmaker proposed legislation to cut emissions from buildings over 25,000 square feet by 80 percent by 2050, laying the groundworks for what advocates dubbed a “Green New Deal for New York City.”

In December, New York City Comptroller Scott Stringer announced a “significant next step” toward divesting the city’s $200 billion pension funds from the oil and gas sector roughly a year after promising to do so. In January 2018, Mayor Bill de Blasio sued five major oil companies over infrastructure damage linked to climate change. A federal judge dismissed the suit in July, but California and seven other states backed New York City’s appeal in November.

NYC Street Surface Bill by on Scribd

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papermoonloveslucy · 8 years ago

Text

Lucy, the Coin Collector

S3;E13~ December 14, 1964

Synopsis

When Jerry finds a rare penny worth $16.50, Lucy and Viv decide to search through thousands of pennies to find a rare one and pay for a new coat and fix their leaky plumbing. They finally succeed but clumsily drop the coin down the storm drain in the street. To retrieve it, they must go undercover as sewer workers.

Regular Cast

Lucille Ball (Lucy Carmichael), Vivian Vance (Vivian Bagley),Gale Gordon (Theodore J. Mooney), Jimmy Garrett (Jerry Carmichael)

Ralph Hart (Sherman Bagley) and Candy Moore (Chris Carmichael) do not appear in this episode. Chris is, however, mentioned by Lucy.

Guest Cast

Ray Kellogg (Policeman) played the loud, barking Assistant Director (“Roll ‘em!”) in “Ricky’s Screen Test” (ILL S4;E6) and later appeared in “Bullfight Dance” (ILL S4;E22). This is the second of his seven episodes of “The Lucy Show.” He also did two episodes of “Here’s Lucy.” Just as in his other screen credits, most most times he played policemen, as he does here.

Monya Andre (Miss Ferguson, Mr. Mooney's Secretary) had appeared as an uncredited background player in such Oscar-nominated films as Imitation of Life (1934), Ninotchka (1939) and It's a Wonderful Life (1946). This is her only appearance on “The Lucy Show” and her final screen credit before retiring from the business.

Ferguson is the perfect surname for Mr. Mooney's secretary. It is Scottish in origin, a people stereo-typically known for being thrifty. Ferguson was also the name of the Mayor of Kildoonan in “Lucy Goes to Scotland” (ILL S5;E17). In “Lucy Gets Locked in the Vault” (S2;E4) Mr. Mooney's secretary was Miss Tanner played by Ellen Corby.

William Meader (Bill, Bank Teller) had appeared as an airport extra in “The Ricardos Go to Japan,” a 1959 episode of “The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour.” He made many appearances on “The Lucy Show,” most times as a clerk in Mr. Mooney’s bank, as he does here.

Mr. Mooney calls him Bill during when he is requesting $20 for Lucy. Meader has lines in this episode.

James Gonzales (Jim, Bank Teller) was a popular Hollywood extra who first acted with Lucille Ball in the 1953 film The Long, Long Trailer. He was previously seen on the series as Stan Williams in “Lucy Digs Up a Date” (S1;E2). He was seen in more than 20 episodes of “The Lucy Show” and 3 episodes of “Here’s Lucy.”

Mr. Mooney calls him Jim during when he is requesting $20 in pennies for Lucy. Gonzales has lines in this episode.

Tex Brodus (Sewer Worker) appeared in the stage to screen musical movies South Pacific (1958) and My Fair Lady (1964). This is his only appearance with Lucille Ball. He left the business in 1967.

The character is dressed in a vest and hat with a pushed up brim, very reminiscent of TV's most famous sewer worker, Ed Norton (Art Carney, inset photo) from “The Honeymooners.” It is possible that Carney was intended to play this cameo role, but declined. In 1968, Jackie Gleason turned up in full bus driver's uniform as Ralph Kramden in a cameo on “Here's Lucy.”

Sid Gould (Distracting Passerby) made more than 45 appearances on “The Lucy Show,” all as background characters. He also did 40 episodes of “Here’s Lucy.” Gould (born Sydney Greenfader) was Lucille Ball’s cousin by marriage to Gary Morton. Gould was married to Vanda Barra, who also appeared on “The Lucy Show” starting in 1967, as well as on “Here’s Lucy.”

A dozen background performers play the bank customers, staff, and gawkers in the street.

This is the first and only episode written by David Braverman and Bob Marcus. The two wrote exclusively for television from 1964 to 1969.

The date this episode first aired (December 14, 1964) actor William Bendix died. Although best known for playing the title role in “The Life of Riley” (1953-1958) on NBC, Bendix and Lucille Ball had both starred in the 1946 film The Dark Corner.

A still photo from this episode with Lucy and Viv in overalls was featured in the photo collage on the Official Season 3 DVD box.

A scene from this episode was included in “Lucy and Viv Reminisce” (S5;E16), a clips show retrospective aired during the second half of the final season.

The opening scene has Viv debating whether to have a second cup of ‘rust’ (aka coffee). In the mid-1970s Vivian Vance became a spokesperson for Maxwell House 'rust’.

Lucy is having trouble with her kitchen sink garbage disposal. It bears noting that these disposal units were common on the West Coast, but rare in the New York metropolitan area because they were banned by New York City law as a threat to the sewage system. The ban was finally lifted in 1997. While not totally unknown in outlying areas they were not at all common in the New York suburbs during the 1960s.

Lucy complains that she can't afford to call a plumber. Lucy has previously employed plumbers Joe Melvin (Stafford Repp) in “Lucy and Viv Put in a Shower” (S1;E18) and Harry Tuttle (Jack Benny) in “Lucy and the Plumber” (S3;E2).

Viv initially compares the geyser spurting from the sink to Yellowstone National Park and later to Old Faithful. Mostly located in Wyoming, Yellowstone features dramatic canyons, alpine rivers, lush forests, hot springs and gushing geysers, including its most famous, Old Faithful. The kitchen sink also erupted in “Lucy and the Plumber” (S3;E2).

An early road map drawn by Lucy Ricardo of the gang's car trip to California shows a planned stop at Yellowstone, but it was not shown on air or ever mentioned as being visited.

Among the items Lucy and Viv pull out of their handbags to offer Mr. Mooney as collateral are:

three earrings

a collapsible cup

Jerry's Mickey Mouse watch

Viv's faux diamond wristwatch (from her cheap ex-husband)

a tarnished brass compact Lucy said was jade

a locket of Chris' hair

a doggie bag of spaghetti and meatballs (which Viv snatches back)

a jeweled garter

Jerry's bronzed baby shoe (made into a bank)

Lucy's high school broad jump medal

Jerry's bronzed baby shoes were mentioned by Lucy in a season one episode, and were always on display on the top shelf of the bookcase behind the dining room table, even in this episode (see “Blooper Alert” below).

A visual gag about the many unusual items Lucy keeps in her handbag was featured in 1954′s “Bonus Bucks” (ILL S3;E21).

Viv volunteers to sing a couple of choruses from “Pennies from Heaven” or “Three Coins in the Fountain.” "Pennies from Heaven" is a song written by Arthur Johnston and Johnny Burke. It was introduced by Bing Crosby in the 1936 film of the same name. It has been covered by numerous artists, including Andy Williams, the same year this episode was first aired. “Three Coins in the Fountain” was written by Jule Styne and Sammy Cahn. It was introduced in the 1955 film of the same name and won that year's Oscar for Best Original Song. “I Love Lucy” actors James Conaty, Harold Miller, Alberto Morin, Vincent Padula, Mario Siletti and Norma Varden, were all uncredited extras in the film. Varden played Mrs. Van Vlack in “Lucy Gets Her Maid” (S3;E11).

Jerry finds a rare 1927S Lincoln penny that is worth fifty cents. Currently, that coin is worth between $1.75 and $125, depending upon condition. Jerry reads in a book that an 1887 Indian Head penny may be worth $800. Actually, most 1887 Indian Head pennies are fairly common (45 million were made) and only fetch about $2.50. However, proof specimens (only 2,900 were ever made) in excellent condition can go for more then $6,000! The 1912S penny found by Lucy and Viv is listed in their book as being worth $16.50. Adjusting for inflation, that would be equivalent of nearly $130 today. As of 2017 the coin was listed online for between $22 and $270, depending upon condition.

2,000 pennies weigh 5 pounds 14.5 ounces.

In 2001, the Merrick Mint issued “I Love Lucy” commemorative 24 karat plated half dollar coins.

Callbacks!

This is a slightly re-dressed and re-painted version of the Danfield city street used in “Lucy, the Meter Maid” (S3;E7). That episode's street also featured a florist, a restaurant, a realtors, a mailbox and a Danfield Cab call box. The parking meters, however, have been removed. The taxi call box was also seen in the train station during “No More Double Dates” (S1;E21).

Blooper Alerts!

Inconsistencies! When Lucy and Viv come back from the bank lugging the heavy sack of pennies, Jerry's baby shoe is already sitting back on the living room shelf, when it should still be in Lucy's purse!

Generic! Lucy's box of dish washing soap has no label on it. This is a contrast with “Lucy Digs Up a Date” (S1;E2), where brand name cleaning products like All and Whisk were seen on camera next to the sink.

“Lucy, the Coin Collector” rates 4 Paper Hearts out of 5

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