#Adzes

[go-oka-wemohawe]

Stone-Axes & Stone-Adzes Steinäxte & Steindechsel

used Minerals/Stones for Stone-Axes:

Mineralien/Steine zum Bau von Steinäxten:

DANI:

Glaukophan (Hornblende-Art) (blau) >Wang-Kob-Me<

Epidot / Chloro-Melanit (Härte 6 bis 7) (grün) >Andiba<

Kieselsandstein (schwarz) >Kä-Lu<

KIM-YAL:

Andesit-Lava (feinkörnig) (blaugrün)

EUROPÄISCHE VÖLKER:

Serpentin (grün)

Nephrit

Amphibolit

Hornblendeschiefer

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The Last Stone Axe Makers

Commentary by Benjamin Raven Pressley

This is a report on an article called The Last Stone Ax Makers by Nicholas Toth, Desmond Clark and Giancarlo Ligabue and appeared in Scientific American, July 1992 This is an article worth reading. It describes a chance encounter with a people living in New Guinea’s highlands that still make and trade stone axes in almost complete isolation from the outside world until 1984 when a German doctor met them while on an expedition in the area.  These people, who call themselves the Kim-Yal, are horticulturalists who live in Langda village in the central mountains of Irian Jaya, western New Guinea.  Their language belongs to one of the many Papuan families, they call Uni.  The average Kim-Yal man stands about 4 feet 6 inches tall which is much shorter than populations who live in the central highlands and the southwest coast.

    They cultivate sweet potato and taro root, raise pigs, chickens and supplement their diet with wild plants and small game.  They clear a new field by felling trees and chopping out the residual roots with their stone axes.  However, these implements are slowly yielding to imported metal axes and it is estimated that their stone implements will give way and disappear within a few short years as stores providing metal tools are introduced in the highlands and mountains and a cash economy replaces the traditional system of barter.  Given that none of the younger members of the tribe are currently apprenticed in this craft, it is likely that most of this skilled axe-making technology will be lost within one or two generations.   An archeologist would normally classify the type of ax they make as an adze.  The blade is shaped and hafted in such a manner as we would define an adze; however, it is used to chop wood and fell trees and such implements are generally classified according to their use rather than their design.

The craft of ax making confers high status to the male specialists who practice it and to their sons who traditionally learn the work in lengthy apprenticeships.  Today every man at Langda owns at least 2 stone axes and each woman at least one.   Most children older than five years old also tote an ax to the fields where they work alongside their elders. This article describes very well the entire process these people use to produce their fine blades with the expertise of an experienced flintknapper.  I am including the line drawings from the article below that illustrate the process very well.   The article itself describes the process in detail.  It was interesting to me that the entire reduction process was done with hammerstones   decreasing in size and weight the finer the work became and the closer to the finishing stages, rather than using wooden or antler billets and flaking tools.   Typically the Kim-Yal ax maker started with a large stone hammer 25 cm (10 in) in diameter swinging it at a boulder through their legs much like the motion of an American football center.  It was noted in the article that to their knowledge this technique has never before been described ethnographically, although it could have been used in antiquity for detaching such large flakes.  They also produced suitable flakes, sometimes by throwing one boulder hammer against another boulder core or by kindling a fire alongside a boulder to initiate fractures.  A typical blank measures 24 cm long, 14 cm wide and 7 cm deep (about 10 x 6 x 3 inches).    The final product of flaking is a long, thin ax with nearly parallel sides, a triangular cross section and a bit end having a slightly convex outline and an edge beveled at about 50 degrees.  A typical ax measures about 20 x 4 x 3 cm.  The time spent flaking from quarry blank to ready to grind varies from 30 to 50 minutes.  Between 10 and 20% of the blanks tend to be lost to breakage. After final flaking, the ax maker grinds the working end against a wetted slab of fine grained sandstone. An hour or so of grinding turns out an ax head with a polished bit and an extremely regular edge.  Grinding a tool that already has a razor sharp edge helps the tool hold the edge longer and then makes it more ready to be re-sharpened which is also done by regrinding the edge.

After hafting onto a T-shaped wooden handle at about a 45 degree angle, a Langda villager can fell a tree as thick as a telephone pole in five to ten minutes. The article also mentioned other tools used by Langda villagers such as small, flat, slate knives that are oval, kidney or subtriangular in shape, and are used to cut off leaves, or split and scrape taro root.  They also used split bamboo knives for butchering pigs.  They re-sharpened the latter by simply tearing off a strip of bamboo with a thumbnail or with their teeth.

I hope you get this article and read it for it has much more than space allows me to review in this short article. You can get it at the local library or purchase a downloadable version HERE.

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[weirdgirlvampire]

[thesilicontribesman]

Contemporary Woodcarving Inspired By Prehistoric and Ancient Artefacts, North Lincolnshire Museum, Scunthorpe

[sudokuplayer]

[riseandfallofsecunit]

Everyone should read “A Memory Called Empire”

[puppybot]

all these years later and i’m still in shock that tiktok popularized the phrase “sufjans stevens summer” as a romantic and fun experience as if a real sufjans stevens summer wouldn’t consist of yearning and loss so deep and painful that god would turn his back on you to block out your cries for mercy

[phantasmagoreica]

greatest thing in the world is when vampires in fiction are really weirdly horny about blood

best traits to add to vampire characters: making them get hard/wet at the sight/smell/thought of blood. making it like an aphrodisiac to them, something that puts them into heat. making them touch themself to the thought of blood and viscera and carnage. making them unable to stop themselves from grinding against their human while feeding. making them lick and suck on a wound like they're giving head. making them have a hard time telling the difference between hunger and lust, eating someone and eating someone out.

"carnal" can refer to both flesh and blood, hunger, and sex after all.

[owl-bones]

Okay, now I'm just imagining how Helios' influence would be on our side as creators. Just this kind of cognitive influence that you don't notice being inflicted on your creative process. Then someone points out how different your au is from it's orginal concept and ya... it was supposed to be a swapfell or something, wasn't it? The esthetics are some much warmer, yellows, and oranges with reds in every design than orginally planned. And where did that sun emblem come from? Instead of the usual delta rune of that's supposed to represent the angel that clears the underground/player it'sa blazing sun for some reason? Why did you turn it into a sun again? You can't seem to remember, and everything is so developed that you can't really bring yourself to scrap anything. Even if you try, you get this mythic case of art block and somehow lean /more/ into it instead. It just seems easier to go with the flow at this point. You're going as deep as desgining the architecture for once, totally not your usual taste and yet... idk, I just like those kinda meta interactions, so I'm rambling a little.

yessssssss!!!

that'd put Helios on Ink's hitlist even more-- not only is he putting most AUs off-script, but he's indirectly influencing creators and making it harder for them to create according to their own desires......... maybe they'd stop creating entirely, or move on to other things that are easier and turning out the way they want........

how is there supposed to be a flourishing/expanding multiverse if all the AUs are stagnant and forced to conform to Helios' wishes? Ink would definitely team up with Eos to get things corrected, but they're working at a major disadvantage. within the AUs that Helios has helped and that they're trying to correct, they'd be seen as the villains. they're actively trying to sabotage AUs to be negative again, or get them to reset entirely. not only are they working against an army and massive sphere of influence, they're working against all the people in the AUs.

a Horror AU isn't going to want to be put back underground and in a famine, they're gonna fight for their freedom and happiness. this is why Adze (Horror) works for Helios even though he totally knows the vibes are So Incredibly Off slkdfjlksdjfs he doesn't care if the balance is messed up or other grand heroic nonsense, you aren't putting him and his brother back in there

the entire multiverse's balance on the line, and the creators' own ability to maintain the story of their AUs properly, but are they doing the right thing if they have to make so many people suffer? which is more important-- that things are canon or that the story is nicer for the people in the AU? what a conundrum..........

[orokothe]

OC art, Seshi Osei

Firefly vampire, or otherwise known as Adze is a vampiric entity known to take the form of a firefly that brings misfortune. This is told from Ewe people of Togo and Ghana.

[tallysgreatestfan-art]

A Memory Called Empire lineup

Trying to design all these different outfits and character looks was so fun. Spent so much time on this

[didsomeonesayventus]

hi hi long time no art made a little thing to celebrate silly RP things. Boys at the Ball what will they do (be romantic saps together)

[draculaugust]

my gender is all 25 minutes of Impossible Soul by Sufjan Stevens thanks for asking

[thesilicontribesman]

Neolithic Tools and Materials Photoset 1, Recreated Neolithic Roundhouses, Stonehenge Visitor Centre, nr. Salisbury, Wiltshire

[taohun]

25 MINUTE LONG SUFJAN STEVENS SONG POP QUIZ!