#ATOM Economic Zone

[whencyclopedia]

What Were the Consequences of WWII?

The consequences of the Second World War (1939-45) were many and varied. Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and military-dominated Japan were all defeated. Many occupied countries were liberated and regained their freedom while others were obliged to bear overrule by the USSR or the United States. The old world order was turned upside down as empires fell and former colonies won independence. Victory had cost 60 million lives and caused millions more casualties. Still more millions had escaped death or injury but were made homeless or refugees. Never before had a war affected so many people in so many places in so many ways.

Hiroshima after the Atomic Bomb Attack

Imperial War Museums (CC BY-NC-SA)

The main consequences of WWII were:

The aggressive Axis dictatorships of Germany, Italy, and Japan were defeated

60 million deaths

The Holocaust, which resulted in the death of 6 million European Jews

Millions of wounded, homeless, and displaced people

Europe was divided into democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe

Germany was divided into two separate countries, and Berlin was divided into zones ruled by various powers

Japan was occupied by forces of the USA

Britain, France, and other European states lost their grip on their colonial empires

The United States and the USSR were established as two superpowers who could dominate global politics

The USA and the USSR were mutually suspicious of each other's intentions, and so the Cold War developed

The use of the atomic bomb on Japan made everyone fear a coming nuclear war

Western European states were determined to form closer economic and eventually political ties that would help prevent another war in Europe

There was a desire to create internationally applicable laws, such as those regarding war crimes and genocide, and rules that could help settle territorial disputes peacefully

There was a desire to foster global cooperation in the areas of trade, health, and education through the creation of the United Nations

There were social changes, such as in eating habits, fashion, and an increase in the rights and opportunities for women

Technological innovations like the jet engine, radar, and general purpose computers

Death & Destruction

According to the Imperial War Museum, the Second World War caused around 60 million deaths. This compares to 11 million in the First World War (1914-18). The exact numbers will never be known, such was the scale of the carnage, which involved 56 combatant nations. The Holocaust killed an estimated 6 million Jews in death camps like Auschwitz, labour camps, and through the actions of the Einsatzgruppen mobile killing squads. Other specific groups targeted in territories controlled by Nazi Germany included Romani people, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Communists, to name just three from a very long list.

Civilians accounted for perhaps half of the 60 million deaths. A great number of civilians died in their homes as a result of indiscriminate bombing campaigns carried out by all sides. Many more men died than women in the war, and so the sex ratio of some populations was altered dramatically, with a consequent, albeit relatively short-term effect on fertility rates.

Attacking Omaha Beach

Robert F. Sargent (Public Domain)

Figures for the wounded and injured are even more difficult to determine. There were, too, different types of casualties since many who had participated in or witnessed combat, bombings, and atrocities found it difficult to overcome the mental trauma of such experiences. For many soldiers, reintegrating into society proved far from easy.

During the war, millions of civilians had fled areas where there was front line fighting, while millions more people were forcibly moved by governments. Jewish people, in particular, escaped persecution when they were still able to, which led to tens of thousands moving to countries like the United States, Argentina, and South Africa, to name only the top three destinations. In short, "the dislocating effects of the 1939-45 war had repercussions on the ethnic and nationalities mix in many regions, storing up explosive material for conflicts still unresolved today" (Dear, 227). Such upheavals have also made accurate statistical analysis difficult.

Many cities and towns suffered tremendous physical damage to buildings and infrastructures. Bomb-damaged buildings remained a familiar sight in many places right through the 1950s. Transport and communication networks that connected those towns also had to be rebuilt. Millions of children had lost their parents. Health systems were put under tremendous strain. Epidemics of infectious diseases broke out because of breakdowns in sanitation systems. Food and essential items like clothing were rationed in many countries during the war, and this situation continued for many years. In Britain, for example, rationing of clothing continued until 1949, while meat was rationed until 1954.

Recruitment Poster for Women, WWII

Imperial War Museums (CC BY-NC-SA)

Continue reading...

[persiamedie]

**Proposal for a Peace Treaty: Establishing a Nuclear-Free Zone in Iran and Israel**

**I. Introduction**

The Middle East has long been a region marked by conflict, tension, and the threat of nuclear proliferation. The relationship between Iran and Israel is particularly fraught, characterized by mutual distrust and historical grievances. This proposal aims to initiate a diplomatic process that would lead to a peace treaty establishing a nuclear-free zone in both Iran and Israel, thereby enhancing regional security, fostering cooperation, and promoting stability.

**II. Background**

1. **Current Nuclear Landscape**:

- Iran's nuclear program has raised concerns among its neighbors and the international community, leading to sanctions and diplomatic isolation.

- Israel, believed to possess nuclear weapons, has consistently opposed any nuclear capabilities in Iran, viewing them as an existential threat.

2. **Historical Context**:

- The animosity between Iran and Israel dates back to the 1979 Iranian Revolution and has been exacerbated by proxy conflicts and geopolitical rivalries.

- Efforts for peace, such as the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), have faced significant challenges, leading to a breakdown in trust.

**III. Objectives of the Proposal**

1. **Establish a Nuclear-Free Zone**:

- Create a legally binding agreement that prohibits the development, acquisition, or deployment of nuclear weapons in both Iran and Israel.

2. **Enhance Regional Security**:

- Foster an environment of trust and cooperation that reduces military tensions and encourages dialogue.

3. **Promote Economic Cooperation**:

- Encourage economic partnerships and trade agreements that can improve the quality of life for citizens in both countries.

4. **Facilitate International Oversight**:

- Involve international organizations, such as the United Nations and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), to monitor compliance and build confidence.

**IV. Proposed Framework for Negotiation**

1. **Preliminary Confidence-Building Measures**:

- Initiate back-channel communications between Iranian and Israeli officials to establish mutual understanding and reduce hostilities.

- Engage in cultural and academic exchanges to foster goodwill between the two nations.

2. **Formal Negotiations**:

- Convene a multilateral conference involving Iran, Israel, and key stakeholders, including the United States, Russia, China, and European Union representatives.

- Discuss terms of the treaty, including verification mechanisms and timelines for disarmament.

3. **Verification and Compliance**:

- Develop a robust verification framework involving regular inspections and monitoring by the IAEA.

- Establish a dispute resolution mechanism to address any violations or concerns.

4. **Implementation and Support**:

- Create a timeline for the phased implementation of the treaty, with specific milestones and deadlines.

- Encourage international financial and technical support for both nations to facilitate compliance and promote peaceful nuclear energy development.

**V. Anticipated Challenges**

1. **Distrust and Historical Grievances**:

- Overcoming decades of animosity will require sustained diplomatic efforts and a commitment to transparency.

2. **Domestic Political Opposition**:

- Both governments may face opposition from hardline factions. Engaging civil society and promoting public awareness can help build support for the treaty.

3. **Regional Dynamics**:

- The involvement of other regional players, such as Saudi Arabia and Turkey, must be managed to prevent escalation and ensure a comprehensive approach.

**VI. Conclusion**

The establishment of a nuclear-free zone in Iran and Israel represents a significant opportunity to transform the geopolitical landscape of the Middle East. By prioritizing diplomacy, fostering cooperation, and ensuring compliance through international oversight, this peace treaty can lead to a more secure and prosperous future for both nations and the region as a whole. This proposal calls for immediate action to begin the dialogue necessary for this transformative agreement.

**VII. Call to Action**

We urge the governments of Iran and Israel, along with the international community, to recognize the urgent need for a nuclear-free future and to take the necessary steps toward a comprehensive peace treaty. Let us work together to pave the way for a stable, secure, and prosperous Middle East.

[commiemartyrshighschool]

The built environment both reflects and shapes our culture and society in the same way laws do, and by way of zoning or less official policies like redlining it is often the physical manifestation of the same.

And that's precisely you need to keep that entire history in mind as you move forward! Even if a YIMBY is right in saying that new apartments will have some benefit on an overall market, you're still looking at trickle-down economics as the primary benefit for your poorest residents!

Or worse, you'll see temporary shelters providing a fig leaf and legal justification for clearing out homeless encampments.

We should absolutely be striving for 15 minute cities and better transit, but looking at the atomizing of communities thanks to cars needs to account for the ways race and class were not only tools but goals in that process.

The best initial street layout in the world can't stand up to racist policies and priorities that siphon away upkeep and improvement funding. I do believe that well designed spaces are a piece of the puzzle for solving a fair number of ills, but we can't afford to assume it's entirety of the solution.

[writer59january13]

Ah... the glory of a restful sleep

Nothing beats the refreshing blissful peaceful easy feeling resulting from shut-eye after feeling zonked out staying up late after a hard day's night binge reading or slaving o'er crafting an umpteenth brilliant masterpiece a comment from modest sexagenarian oompa loompa knucklehead waltzing timid wordsmith experiencing nirvana dreaming about glory days of yore when peace on earth and goodwill toward all The sequels to All Creatures Great and Small are All Things Bright and Beautiful, All Things Wise and Wonderful, The Lord Dog Made Them All, and Every Living Thing enumerated book titles courtesy the late James Herriot, a veterinarian whose predicated stories linkedin on personal experiences earning trust among animal kingdom included within that branch of life includes the most atrocious, hellacious, malicious, notorious opprobrious, predacious, whew pugnacious, rapacious, vicious and vainglorious species whom ever trod upon oblate spheroid essentially running roughshod over the Garden of Eden like a bull in a china shop recklessly

bulldozing, donning, flagrantly haranguing, jump/kick starting

marauding, oppressing, whew quarantining, strangling, uber abstract words such as liberty, life,and the pursuit of personal happiness forever enshrined, and codified since forefathers/ mothers sacrificed life and limb to secure said inalienable rights severely compromised courtesy forty seven president of United States, whereat he condemned, jilted brother/sisterhood wrought demolition against progressive social programs incorporating

diversity, equity, and inclusion rendered null and void socially progressive government pillars upholding constitutional services granting leeway for foreigners to journey across badlands in an

effort to gain opportunities in the

"land of milk and honey" meant originally a phrase mentioned in the Bible in the Book of Exodus & Deuteronomy Jewish tradition to refer to Israel, but in the twenty first century many Mexicans, and other people's seeking protection from persecution or serious human

rights violations also clamor to live in a country, where opportunities beckon (courtesy Lady Liberty) to risk life & limb where subsequent generations of full blooded citizens will not fear being forcibly removed

from land they, an amorphous word categorizing diverse groups of people heralding from across all four corners

across the globe laboring videre licet

sweat of their brow to allow, enable

and provide what - people who live

here legally to relish the fruits of their

labor, which immediate deportment

will mean a significant spike in food

prices, cuz loads of fruits and veggies get harvested, said grunt work averse

to most anybody else, who can earn

top dollar at a fast food restaurant,

or selling illegal contrabands (teeny weenie tiny people playing jigs and

reels) to lavish & adorn themselves

with the trappings of wealth joining

the affluent, these nouveau riche an

envy living the life of riley easy street yet methinks there might much more to existence than groveling (like pigs

in a sty) aiming to accrue gazillion

dollars, when look at me, I myself

based on economic parameters would be classed as indigent, what with just enough unearned income

courtesy social security disability,

plus EBT (electronic bank transfer)

food stamp funds, but rejoice like Henry Bemis, the character in the Twilight Zone who works at a bank, loves to read, and rejoices after an atomic bomb goes off because he believes he has "time enough at last" to read, but I never worked

period thank mental health issues,

& revel gaining knowledge turning

pages of select books & magazines.

[candy-floss-crazy]

We’ve heard of some wacky ideas for types and flavors of drinks but this one really takes the biscuit, Atomik Vodka! 33 years after the worst nuclear energy disaster in the world scientists have used crops from the waste area to create a new atomic vodka. The science team behind the drink have assured tasters that the drink is radioactive-free and that it could ‘possibly be the most important bottle of spirits in the world’. Scientists from both the UK and Ukraine who spent over 24 months researching the area and looking into the scientific transference of radioactivity the local area of crops. Locals to the area Locals hope that this new product will help the region to recover economically as if crops and land can now be used without any radioactive side effects. They also hope to start a new enterprise launching a spirit company producing the Chernobyl vodka and selling it on. A professor from Portsmouth University who worked on the project said that he hoped this would be the start of something brilliant for the local area and that he is hopeful that these special bottles of vodka which is made from grain local to Chernobyl will make a path for future endeavours. Describing the spirit as the most important in the world due to the help it could give to the recovery of the economic in the local areas in and around the abandoned areas of the Chernobyl. He plans for over 70% of the profits to be given back to the local community Scientists behind this product explained the process. They took the rye that was slightly contaminated in the contaminated area and water from the Chernobyl aquifer and they then distilled it. Although some radioactivity was found in the grain the process of distillation reduces the impurities which means that this spirit is safe to drink matching other brands of spirits also avalible on the shop floor. The main exclusion zone is a wild life reserve area and therefore shouldn’t be used as an agricultural site however there is areas around the area that could be used. Read the full article

[hannianssg]

Cold War (1947-1991)

1. Overview It was a period of intense geopolitical tension between the United States and its Western allies (NATO) and the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies (Warsaw Pact). It was characterized by political, ideological, military, and economic rivalry between the capitalist West, led by the U.S., and the communist East, led by the Soviet Union. 2. Causes ✦Post-WWII Tensions. ✦Soviet Expansion in Eastern Europe: After the war, the Soviet Union established communist governments in Eastern Europe, creating a buffer zone against the West. This was seen by the U.S. and its allies as aggressive expansionism. ✦Nuclear Arms Race: The U.S. development of the atomic bomb in 1945 and the Soviet Union’s successful test of its own bomb in 1949 fueled a global nuclear arms race. 3. Key Characteristics -Ideological Conflict: Capitalism and Communism. -Space Race: A competition for dominance in space exploration, starting with the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957 and culminating in the U.S. landing Apollo 11 on the Moon in 1969. 4. Major Events ✧Truman Doctrine (1947): The U.S. declared its policy of containment, pledging to support countries resisting communism, marking the beginning of active U.S. involvement in Cold War conflicts. ✧Marshall Plan (1948): A U.S. initiative to provide economic aid to Western Europe to rebuild after WWII and prevent the spread of communism. ✧Berlin Blockade and Airlift (1948–1949): The Soviet Union blockaded West Berlin in an attempt to force the Allies out of the city. In response, the Allies organized the Berlin Airlift to supply the city. ✧Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989): The fall of the wall symbolized the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe and was a key event leading to the end of the Cold War. 5. Key Players United States: Harry S. Truman (1945–1953): Initiated the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953–1961): Continued containment policies and saw the early Cold War crises. John F. Kennedy (1961–1963): Managed the Cuban Missile Crisis. Lyndon B. Johnson (1963–1969): Deepened U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Ronald Reagan (1981–1989): Aggressively opposed communism, leading to Cold War escalation and ultimately, a push toward the end of the conflict. 6. End of the Cold War Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe (1989): Popular uprisings and reforms led to the collapse of communist regimes across Eastern Europe, most famously marked by the fall of the Berlin Wall. Dissolution of the Soviet Union (1991): In December 1991, the Soviet Union officially dissolved, marking the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Eastern Bloc.

[babyawacs]

#independent #notmywar #on #ukraine #war #path‎ ‎ .@peace .@nato .@ukraine .@otan .@msc .@us_stra tcom @us_stratcom .@bbcr4 .@bbcradio4 .@pacificsubs @pacificsubs .@ussocom @ussocom .@gchq .@nsa gov .@odnigov .@atom .@iaeaorg .@energy .@potus @potus .@vp @vp .@trt .@nato @otan .@snowden .@msc @msc @profklausschwab .@profklausschwab .@n ato @otan @nato @peace .@eu_commission @eu_commission .@eucouncil @eucouncil .@euparl_en @euparl_dk .@poland .@gchq .@nsagov .@rosatom .@joebiden .@gop .@dnc‎ @aeh_rancor_randcorp ukraine s goal to cause uprising within russia against putin with increasing war burdens is farfetched and helpless at best itis real that putin fears his own population but the consequence of that is not a weak conflict timespan after which sacrifices these must be justified tothe population andor economic burden tha t w h o what does what then but the critical aspect is success of dictator on russia s interest gaming for a superior geostratetic position in security dealing: isit putin s war or russia s war for greater sacrifice onthe existence of russia  where cutting down putin wouldbe itis putins war not russias war and allofthat for no gain but these things occur usually a f t e r the war or what makes afghanistan stop or coldwars stop is the generational shift on inab ility to sustain these wars which leads to c h i n a  i suspect putin desperately aims for a peace as geostrategic deal zones of succumb mustnot show this and west games for conquerred agricultural colonies and hitler hes back in putin form mustbe s topped and useful fool to unite west against china with meager war support western low cost low intensity goodenough to deflect th at and gain enough from all while bullshit about warcost as strategy changing and uprising hopes ispeak formyself ispeculate ihaveno stake or interest inthis war this is a criminal war and itis a mistake on many layers

#independent #notmywar #on #ukraine #war #path ‎ .@peace .@nato .@ukraine .@otan .@msc .@us_stratcom @us_stratcom .@bbcr4 .@bbcradio4 .@pacificsubs @pacificsubs .@ussocom @ussocom .@gchq .@nsagov .@odnigov .@atom .@iaeaorg .@energy .@potus @potus .@vp @vp .@trt .@nato @otan .@snowden .@msc @msc @profklausschwab .@profklausschwab .@nato @otan @nato @peace .@eu_commission @eu_commission…

[fatehbaz]

[O]n the morning of February 20, 1915, [in San Francisco] [...] [t]hese dignitaries congregated at the Tower of Jewels, beneath a ceiling that depicted the heroic saga of the Panamanian isthmus, from the voyages of the Spanish conquistadors to the US Canal Commission. […] Franklin K. Lane, the secretary of the Interior […] intoned to the crowd, “The seas are now but a highway before the doors of the nations […]. The greatest adventure is before us, the gigantic adventure of an advancing democracy, strong, virile, kindly [...]." [T]he PPIE was organized to commemorate the completion of the Panama Canal [one year earlier] […]. As one of the many promotional pamphlets declared, "California marks the limit of the geographical progress of civilization. For unnumbered centuries the course of empire has been steadily to the west." […] The construction of the Panama Canal unfolded against the backdrop of […] the installation of American colonial rule in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Guam, and Hawai’i. […] [T]he scientific skill of the United States was also touted at the Pan-American Medical Congress, where its president, Dr. [C.R.], delivered a lengthy address praising the hemispheric security ensured by the 1823 Monroe Doctrine and "the combined genius of American medical scientists […]" in quelling tropical diseases […]. [A]s [C.R.]'s lecture ultimately disclosed, his understanding of Pan-American medical progress was based […] on the enlightened effects of "Aryan blood" in American lands.

Text by: Alexandra Minna Stern. "Race Betterment and Tropical Medicine in Imperial San Francisco." Eugenic Nation: Faults and Frontiers of Better Breeding in Modern America. 2015/2016.

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[There is a] close relationship between the rise of the Age of Ecology and the Atomic Age […]. [T]he American militarization of science would usher in a new era of ecological thought […]. This generation of AEC [Atomic Energy Commission] ecologists embraced nuclear testing as creating a novel opportunity to study [...]. In claiming Micronesia and expanding the American exclusive economic zone, Truman tripled the territorial size of the United States. [...] [T]ropical island colonies [especially at chattel slavery plantations in the Caribbean] [...] served as vital laboratories and spaces of social, botanical, and industrial experiment in ways that informed 17th- and 18th-century modernity [...] [with ideas of] the ecosystem [as] based on the concepts of [...] stabilization, and control. [...] The US military films of Micronesia [from 1951] […] juxtapose the modernity of America […] to ‘distant and primitive’ yet vitally important 'test islands … a giant lab in the middle of an ocean.’ To quote this Hollywood-produced film: […] [A]n outdoor laboratory: Entewak Atoll in the Pacific. […] [T]hree years have passed, three years to bring new and improved atomic weapons to this secluded equatorial land […]. [Image of an American man with suitcase entering his car and waving goodbye to son and dog]. Now the proving grounds come alive like a university campus […] [at] individual test islands, seemingly like so many science buildings on college grounds. […] [T]his film harnesses [...] the 'Apollonian eye' [...] as it surveys a colonial island [...] as an extension of the long reach of the arm of the US Air Force. [...] This was particularly important for the large oceanic spaces of the Pacific [...]. [S]ince WWI [...] new ideas of space, vision, photography, and patriotic nationalism came together. Flight and cinematic photography emerged [...]. [T]he 1946 Operation Crossroads text at Bikini Atoll was recorded by 1,500,000 feet of film and over 1 million still pictures [...]. [T]he Pacific Islands have long been fashioned as laboratories for western colonial interests, from the botanical collecting of James Cook’s voyages to […] structural anthropology. […] Even the foilage has been bulldozed 'for elbow room’ as one AEC film declares […]. [T]he narrator declares, 'the islanders are a nomadic group, and are well pleased that the Yanks are going to add a little variety to their lives.’ [...] [T]he director of the AEC Health and Safely Laboratory [...] observed of the Marshall Islanders: ‘While it is true that these people do not live, I would say, the way Westerners do, civilized people, it is nevertheless also true that these people are more like us than mice.’ […] When Rongelapese women began giving birth to babies without skulls and without skeletons [...], infants with severe brain damage and missing limbs, scientists informed them that these miscarriages and defects were ‘to be expected in a small island population.’

Text by: Elizabeth M. DeLoughrey. “The myth of isolates: ecosystem ecologies in the nuclear Pacific". Cultural Geographies, Volume 20 (April 2013), Number 2, Special Issue: Islanding cultural geographies, pages 167-184. First published 31 October 2012.

"The globe" and the Empire.

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By the dawn of a century christened as both the American and the geographic century, [...] European explorers and cartographers actively filled the last [apparently] remaining terrae incognitae [on their maps and globes] [...] and excited economic [...] interest [...] in near and far parts of the world and their markets. As imagined [...] in ambitious [...] projects such as the "Millionth Map" [...] in 1891, this world was deemed a sufficiently homogeneous entity […]. [A]t least among the white, free populations of various metropoles[,] […] Europeans [...] established one single imaginary of the world, [...] a meticulously surveyed global environment. [...] On the Western side of the Atlantic, on the other hand, maps and globes heralded, braced, and promoted the expansionist projects of [...] a century of national coming of age for the United States [...] [and its] spatially unsettled, globalizing empire. [...] Americans viewed maps and globes [...] as "arbiters of power" [...]. Drawing a direct line between geography and wars of empire, President McKinley, for instance, told an audience of missionaries […] that, once his prayers to God about the “Filipino question” had been answered, his first presidential order was for “the chief engineer of the War Department (our map-maker) to put the Philippines on the map of the United States” [...]. [H]oping to materialize the "global Monroe Doctrine," [...] Americans [...] needed to pay special attention [...] to those recently-made-cognita regions (such as the Philippines, Hawaii, Guam, and Puerto Rico [occupied by the US]) [...]. Americans' lives were mapped onto a cartographically known, commercially accessible, cognitively smaller world [...]. As [proclaimed in an address from 1898] [...], On our breakfast table lies each morning the toil of Europe, Asia, and Africa, [...] unseen millions, and countless myriads weave and plant for us; we have made [...] life broader by annihilating distance [...].

Text by: Mashid Mayar. "What on Earth! Slated Globes, School Geography and Imperial Pedagogy". European Journal of American Studies 15-2. Summer 2020.

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Simply put, World War II made the United States a planetary presence. State Department officials furiously churned out wartime memos establishing U.S. policy - often for the first time - regarding every nation, colony, region, and sub-duchy on the map. [...] In 1898 imperial expansion had inspired new maps. The 1940s wartime expansion yielded a similar burst of cartographic innovation. [...] Life devoted a fifteen-page spread to the “Dymaxion map” [...]. More popular was the “polar azimuthal projection” perfected by the dean of wartime cartography, [R.E.H.]. [...] The map was an enormous hit, reprinted and copied frequently. [...] The U.S. Army ordered eighteen thousand copies, and the map became the basis for the United Nations logo, designed in 1945. “Never before have persons been so interested in the entire world,” gushed Popular Mechanics. [...] The world must be seen anew, the poet Archibald MacLeish wrote, as a “round earth in which all the directions eventually meet.” “If we win the war,” he continued, “the image of the age which now is opening will be the image of a global earth, a completed sphere.” That word MacLeish chose, global, was new. [...] If the last war was a world war, this one was, as Franklin Delano Roosevelt put it in September 1942, “a global war.” That was the first time a sitting president had publicly uttered the word global, though every president since has used it incessantly. For Christmas that year, George Marshall presented FDR with a five-hundred-pound globe for the Oval Office. Placed next to Roosevelt’s desk, it was comically large. It resembled the globe with which Charlie Chaplin had performed an amorous dance two years earlier in The Great Dictator, only bigger. [...] “Just as truly as Europe once invaded us, with wave after wave of immigrants, now we are invading Europe, with wave after wave […],” wrote the journalist John Hersey in 1944. Except it wasn’t only Europe. The “invasion” landed in force on every continent [...].

Text by: Daniel Immerwahr. How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States. 2019.

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The US space shuttle Endeavour maintains a British spelling because it was named after Captain James Cook’s famous ship [...]. [V]essels symbolize an empire’s use of narratives of technological progress to expand toward the “ends of the earth” in ways that naturalize dominance over the global commons [...]. Cook claimed Indigenous Pacific lands for Britain while under orders to discover and claim the famed southern continent, Terra Australis Incognita - what eighteenth-century Europeans imagined to be the ends of the earth. [...] As the Pentagon declared in 1961, the “environment in which the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps will operate covers the entire globe and extends from the depths of the ocean to the far reaches of interplanetary space” […]. Extraterritorial spaces, such as the high seas, Antarctica, and outer space, are imaginatively, historically, and juridically interconnected. Their international legal regimes […] [were] developed in the midst of the Cold War […]. Denis Cosgrove [...] points to the [...] [late eighteenth-century British Empire's] encirclement of the globe through Cook's navigation of the seas, which allowed for colonial claims to expand to a planetary scale. [...] This circumnavigation in turn led to [...] establishment of Greenwich mean time as a world standard [...]. [T]his encirclement is both a spatial claim to the planet and a temporal one, in that it plots time from a British center. [...] In the memorable words of [...] McLuhan [from 1974, relating to US surveying] [...]: "For the first time the natural world was completely enclosed in a man-made container [...]." The first photograph of the earth from outer space was taken by a V-2 rocket shot from the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico in 1946 […]. [A]n Apollonian eye, [...] the [...] photographs [...] were part of a context in which […] popular US magazines used wartime cartography in ways that naturalized militarism and empire under the guise of a unifying view of the globe.

Text by: Elizabeth DeLoughrey. "Satellite Planetarity and the Ends of the Earth". Public Culture, Volume 26, Issue 2, pages 257-280. Spring 2014.

[archangeltwins]

Metropolis Gangs:

High-Hats / Velvet Empirical - clive thornhill's gangs, the big sharks of the districts the family claim in an iron grip. since clive's aged, the torch's been passed on to his son, victor. originally londoner expats, they came to the new states on cusp of the '98 Pan-Asian Stock Crash, witnessing the domino effect of total societal and economic collapse. they've nurtured cutthroat, ruthless attitudes ever since, leaving little wiggle room for territory gains.

Numbers - underlings of notorious flesh-cartels, snatchers of people to sell. aside from scarring and burns, members have stick-n-poke numerals on their skin to indicate how many Money Girls and Pretty Faces they've pawned off. they're rampant in 'no-go zones', quadrants heavily avoided. often referred to as "scum", "guttermongers", "the poor", "beasts in human skin", "biters"

Sugar Hunters - staggie steyne's own gang. he operates and spreads influence by comandeering various abandoned buildings ( killing or 'forcefully evicting' former tenants ), remodelling them into his "funhouses". outfits flashy like the iridescent feathers of old-world birds, a warning to those to not deal with poison. "taste bad, stay away or you die". their symbol, as you guessed, can be hummingbirds.

Pink Wolves - all-women protections group operating out of the inner metro ring ( think hackers, techies, atomic / nuclear power fanatics, cyberpunk, etc ) but they occasionally get jobs on the outer edges.

Crows 'n Sparrows - scouts and messengers for the various gangs that inhabit the shadowy depths of the metropolis. able to appear or sound like anyone.

Petrol-Heads - the de facto runners / motor-bilia obsessed riggers for various wheelers that travel the roadways. talking sixteen and eighteen-sets converted into fully-functional livable spaces ( insp. by Twisted Metal ). connected to clive by way of food and drug supply. their symbol is a cog. oft nicknamed "roughies" & "roughnecks", "chromers", "(anti)freeze-pissers", "savages", "metalbiters"

Rat Men - tba

[hhvltd]

The Role of Electron Beam Sources in Advanced Manufacturing

In the rapidly evolving landscape of advanced manufacturing, Electron Beam Sources have emerged as a pivotal technology. Leveraging high-energy electrons to manipulate materials at the atomic level, Electron-Beam Technology is revolutionizing industries ranging from aerospace to electronics. This transformative capability is not only enhancing the precision and efficiency of manufacturing processes but also enabling innovations previously deemed impossible.

Electron Beam Sources function by generating a stream of high-energy electrons, which are then focused onto a target material. This interaction results in localized heating, melting, or vaporization, allowing for precise material modification. The versatility and precision of this technology make it indispensable in applications such as additive manufacturing, welding, and surface treatment.

One of the primary advantages of Electron-Beam Technology is its ability to produce high-quality welds with minimal thermal distortion. Traditional welding methods often lead to significant heat-affected zones, compromising the integrity of the materials. In contrast, electron beam welding offers a highly concentrated heat source, resulting in narrow, deep welds with superior strength and minimal residual stress. This characteristic is particularly beneficial in the aerospace industry, where material performance and structural integrity are paramount.

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is another area where Electron Beam Sources are making significant strides. This technology enables the fabrication of complex geometries with high precision and repeatability. By selectively melting powdered materials layer by layer, electron beam additive manufacturing can create intricate structures that are both lightweight and robust. This capability is invaluable in industries such as medical implants and automotive components, where customized and high-performance parts are in demand.

Surface treatment is yet another critical application of Electron-Beam Technology. Through techniques such as electron beam melting and evaporation, surfaces can be engineered to exhibit desirable properties like increased hardness, corrosion resistance, and enhanced wear performance. These treatments extend the lifespan of components and reduce maintenance costs, providing significant economic benefits to manufacturers.

HHV Ltd, a leader in the field of vacuum technologies, is at the forefront of developing and implementing Electron-Beam Technology for advanced manufacturing. With a commitment to innovation and excellence, HHV Ltd offers a range of electron beam systems tailored to meet the diverse needs of the manufacturing sector. Their expertise ensures that manufacturers can leverage the full potential of electron beam sources, achieving unparalleled precision and efficiency in their processes.

In conclusion, Electron Beam Sources are playing a transformative role in advanced manufacturing. From welding and additive manufacturing to surface treatment, the precision and versatility of Electron-Beam Technology are driving innovations across various industries. As leaders like HHV Ltd continue to push the boundaries of this technology, the future of manufacturing looks brighter than ever, promising unprecedented advancements in material science and engineering. The integration of electron beam sources into manufacturing workflows is not just a technological evolution; it is a revolution that is reshaping the future of production and material manipulation.

For more details, visit the website: https://hhvltd.com/

[persiamedie]

**Proposal for a Nuclear-Free Peace Treaty Between Iran and Israel**

**Introduction**

The geopolitical landscape of the Middle East is fraught with tension, particularly between Iran and Israel. Both nations have a complex history characterized by conflict, distrust, and differing ideologies. The potential for nuclear armament in the region exacerbates these tensions and poses a significant threat to regional and global security. This proposal outlines a pathway towards a nuclear-free peace treaty between Iran and Israel, aimed at fostering stability, enhancing diplomatic relations, and ensuring the safety of all nations involved.

**Objectives**

1. **Establish a Nuclear-Free Zone**: The primary objective is to create a legally binding agreement that declares both Iran and Israel as nuclear-free states, with mechanisms for verification and compliance.

2. **Promote Diplomatic Engagement**: Facilitate ongoing dialogue between the two nations to address mutual concerns, build trust, and foster cooperation on various issues, including security, trade, and cultural exchange.

3. **Enhance Regional Security**: Collaborate with neighboring countries and international stakeholders to create a comprehensive security framework that addresses the broader security concerns of the Middle East.

**Key Components of the Proposal**

1. **Bilateral Negotiations**: Initiate direct talks between Iranian and Israeli leaders, facilitated by neutral third-party mediators, to discuss the terms of the nuclear-free treaty. These negotiations should focus on building trust and addressing key issues that contribute to hostilities.

2. **Verification Mechanisms**: Establish a robust verification system to ensure compliance with the treaty. This could involve regular inspections by an international body, such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), to monitor nuclear activities and ensure transparency.

3. **Security Guarantees**: Both nations should commit to non-aggression pacts and mutual security assurances. This includes refraining from military actions against each other and cooperating on intelligence sharing to counter common threats.

4. **Economic Cooperation**: Encourage economic partnerships that benefit both nations, fostering interdependence that can reduce the likelihood of conflict. This could involve trade agreements, joint ventures in technology, and collaborative efforts in areas such as water management and renewable energy.

5. **Cultural and Educational Exchanges**: Promote people-to-people initiatives that encourage cultural understanding and cooperation. This could include academic exchanges, joint cultural festivals, and collaborative art projects that highlight common values and history.

**Implementation Timeline**

- **Phase 1 (0-6 months)**: Initiate bilateral negotiations and establish a framework for dialogue, including the selection of neutral mediators.

- **Phase 2 (6-12 months)**: Draft the terms of the nuclear-free treaty, including verification mechanisms and security guarantees.

- **Phase 3 (1-2 years)**: Sign the treaty and begin the implementation of verification processes, alongside the establishment of economic and cultural cooperation initiatives.

- **Phase 4 (2-5 years)**: Regularly assess the progress of the treaty's implementation, addressing any challenges and adapting strategies as necessary.

**Conclusion**

A nuclear-free peace treaty between Iran and Israel is not only a desirable goal but a critical necessity for the stability of the Middle East and the safety of its inhabitants. By committing to dialogue, transparency, and cooperation, both nations can pave the way for a more secure and prosperous future. This proposal serves as a foundation for building trust and fostering lasting peace in a region that has long been marred by conflict.

[sencilla-mentelibros]

Atomic Habits

As I was reading some lines from this book, I remembered this image: a drop of water that falls repeatedly over a rock until it erodes. The drop of water might not be strong enough by itself ―not stronger than the rock―, but continuous drops for a long period of time will end up eroding a rock, no matter how hard it is…, and I believe there is power to that image, as there is power to this book.

As human beings, attached to our constant responsibilities and somewhat repeating our days the same way, I think we need to be reminded that change is part of our lives, and that we can get stuck in the monotony and the repetition. We need change. We need positive change. We need to want positive change. And for those who are reminded about it, the message is to take constant action. To improve ourselves every day by at least just 1%. This book does this. It brings a known, not so new, but powerful perspective on change.

I now feel motivated, to be honest. I needed to hear (read), what James Clear has to say, because even as I knew that everyday hard work would help me along the way, sometimes this mindset goes into the background, and you get discouraged at times. So, I now want to discuss/share a little bit of what the author writes in this book.

He uses four main resources for his work: examples or anecdotes about people who have achieved greatness ―in their own definition of the word and sometimes in what is regarded commonly as success―, theoretical thinking that explains and provide a framework within which he can move, practical advice that can be useful to any reader, and finally, his own conclusions which provide his own touch.

At the beginning, and throughout the book, he explains and defines the basic pillar on which change sustains itself: identity. If we want change to occur, we need to understand ourselves by understanding our identity. How do we see ourselves now and in the future? What have we learned about our genes and our talents? How is our environment affecting our habits?

First, decide who you want to be. This holds at any level ―as an individual, as a team, as a community, as a nation. What do you want to stand for? What are your principles and values? Who do you wish to become? ― James Clear

Everything starts with self-awareness. Then comes the knowledge or conviction that hard constant work will help us change, not because of a goal or result, not because of a grade or a promotion, but because we are becoming a different/better type of person by changing our system of behavior. James states that we fail to change not because of the goals we set, but due to the system/processes that we have built.

You see, it is important to be reminded that what allows us to change is not the number on the scale or the better salary I receive for a promotion, what allows us to become better is the process, the everyday learning, the everyday workout, the everyday writing. This is why, most importantly, we must allow ourselves to enjoy the process, the work, even the dullness that comes with everyday practice. To change, ―if we are looking to change― towards our better self we are encouraged to improve 1% every day, with small, constant, better habits.

He uses a little bit of math, to explain everything on the book, given his background studies in sciences and behavioral economics, it is understandable that he uses mathematical models to bring a little bit of visual aid and theoretical explanations to his argument. From the «Four Laws» to the «valley of disappointment» and the «Goldilocks zone», he helps himself with graphics and equations to try and prove or generalize these concepts. Also, he mentions at the beginning, his work has been built upon the shoulders of other scientists and psychologists so, the intention to bring authority and scientific rationalization is very palpable.

This, however, does not make the book heavy or difficult to understand. His wording is easygoing, quick and comprehensible. Maybe you don’t want to finish this book in one sitting. Maybe you want to advance slowly, absorbing every piece of advice you’re given. Maybe you want to try for a week a new method or think what applies to your life. How ever you chose to read this work, you’re in for a treat.

I am not about to write here the Four Laws that will help you create better habits, nor the mathematical explanations provided. The fact is, this is all very well explained in the book, and you can also go look for the website of the author. My intention with this review is to recommend a great reading if you are in a slump or believe that you are not being the best version of yourself. I didn’t even know I needed this. Go ahead and give it a try. Five stars.

Fecha original de publicación: agosto 26, 2023

[cogitoergofun]

Iran is barely cooperating with the International Atomic Energy Agency which feels it is being held "hostage" to the country's disputes with Western countries, IAEA director general Rafael Grossi told AFP on Thursday.

Grossi also said the situation at the Ukrainian nuclear power plant of Zaporizhzhia was "extremely worrying", even if there are no signs the plant has become a military installation.

The UN agency, based in Vienna, has been struggling since 2021 to carry out controls on Iran's nuclear programme, which continues to expand even as Tehran denies it wants to make nuclear weapons.

"It's a very frustrating situation. We continue our activities there, but at a minimum," Grossi said in an interview at the World Economic Forum in Davos. "They are restricting cooperation in a very unprecedented way."

He cited as an example Iran's rejection of inspectors because of their nationalities.

"It's a way to punish us because of external things," he said. "When there's something that France, the UK or the United States says that they don't like, it is as if they were taking the IAEA hostage to their political disputes with others. This is unacceptable for us."

[...]

IAEA inspectors have also been blocked by Russia from visiting the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, which has been occupied by Russian forces since March 2022, soon after the start of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

The plant is within a combat zone, which makes it structurally unstable, and Grossi said his inspectors needed to be granted access.

"We have been able to confirm that there is no militarisation of the plant, in the sense of having heavy military equipment or artillery equipment there," he said. "And in the past few months, there haven't been any direct attacks on the plant."

On the other hand, "we've had problems in terms of blackouts, and interruption of external power supply, which are equally dangerous because if we lose power, we lose the capacity to cool the reactors and of course, there could be an accident."

[candy-floss-crazy]

We’ve heard of some wacky ideas for types and flavors of drinks but this one really takes the biscuit, Atomik Vodka! 33 years after the worst nuclear energy disaster in the world scientists have used crops from the waste area to create a new atomic vodka. The science team behind the drink have assured tasters that the drink is radioactive-free and that it could ‘possibly be the most important bottle of spirits in the world’. Scientists from both the UK and Ukraine who spent over 24 months researching the area and looking into the scientific transference of radioactivity the local area of crops. Locals to the area Locals hope that this new product will help the region to recover economically as if crops and land can now be used without any radioactive side effects. They also hope to start a new enterprise launching a spirit company producing the Chernobyl vodka and selling it on. A professor from Portsmouth University who worked on the project said that he hoped this would be the start of something brilliant for the local area and that he is hopeful that these special bottles of vodka which is made from grain local to Chernobyl will make a path for future endeavours. Describing the spirit as the most important in the world due to the help it could give to the recovery of the economic in the local areas in and around the abandoned areas of the Chernobyl. He plans for over 70% of the profits to be given back to the local community Scientists behind this product explained the process. They took the rye that was slightly contaminated in the contaminated area and water from the Chernobyl aquifer and they then distilled it. Although some radioactivity was found in the grain the process of distillation reduces the impurities which means that this spirit is safe to drink matching other brands of spirits also avalible on the shop floor. The main exclusion zone is a wild life reserve area and therefore shouldn’t be used as an agricultural site however there is areas around the area that could be used. Read the full article