#5A -1994
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adribosch-fan · 2 years ago
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 Maleconazo #5A ,1994 
Imágenes de las protestas del Maleconazo en La Habana, Cuba el 5 de agosto de 1994. Los cubanos han estado pidiendo libertad durante décadas. El 11 de julio de 2021, decenas de miles de personas en toda la isla participaron en protestas en todo el estado. Sin embargo, el 5 de agosto de 1994, cientos, si no miles, de cubanos salieron a las calles por primera vez desde principios de la década de…
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isopodretina · 3 months ago
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brookstonalmanac · 2 months ago
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Events 4.4 (after 1960)
1960 – France agrees to grant independence to the Mali Federation, a union of Senegal and French Sudan. 1963 – Bye Bye Birdie, a musical romantic comedy film directed by George Sidney, was released. 1964 – The Beatles occupy the top five positions on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart. 1967 – Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" speech in New York City's Riverside Church. 1968 – Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated by James Earl Ray at a motel in Memphis, Tennessee. 1968 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 6. 1969 – Dr. Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart. 1973 – The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City are officially dedicated. 1973 – A Lockheed C-141 Starlifter, dubbed the Hanoi Taxi, makes the last flight of Operation Homecoming. 1975 – Microsoft is founded as a partnership between Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico. 1975 – Vietnam War: A United States Air Force Lockheed C-5A Galaxy transporting orphans, crashes near Saigon, South Vietnam shortly after takeoff, killing 172 people. 1977 – Southern Airways Flight 242 crashes in New Hope, Paulding County, Georgia, killing 72. 1979 – Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed. 1981 – Iran–Iraq War: The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force mounts an attack on H-3 Airbase and destroys about 50 Iraqi aircraft. 1983 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Challenger makes its maiden voyage into space on STS-6. 1984 – President Ronald Reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons. 1987 – Garuda Indonesia Flight 032 crashes at Medan Airport, killing 23. 1988 – Governor Evan Mecham of Arizona is convicted in his impeachment trial and removed from office. 1990 – The current flag of Hong Kong is adopted for post-colonial Hong Kong during the Third Session of the Seventh National People's Congress. 1991 – Senator John Heinz of Pennsylvania and six others are killed when a helicopter collides with their airplane over an elementary school in Merion, Pennsylvania. 1991 – Forty-one people are taken hostage inside a Good Guys! Electronics store in Sacramento, California. Three of the hostage takers and three hostages are killed. 1994 – Three people are killed when KLM Cityhopper Flight 433 crashes at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. 1996 – Comet Hyakutake is imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous. 1997 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Columbia is launched on STS-83. However, the mission is later cut short due to a fuel cell problem. 2002 – The MPLA government of Angola and UNITA rebels sign a peace treaty ending the Angolan Civil War. 2009 – France announces its return to full participation of its military forces within NATO. 2010 – A magnitude 7.2 earthquake hits south of the Mexico-USA border, killing at least two and damaging buildings across the two countries. 2011 – Georgian Airways Flight 834 crashes at N'djili Airport in Kinshasa, killing 32. 2013 – 74 people are killed in a building collapse in Thane, India. 2017 – Syria conducts an air strike on Khan Shaykhun using chemical weapons, killing 89 civilians. 2020 – China holds a national day of mourning for martyrs who died in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease outbreak. 2023 – Finland becomes a member of NATO after Turkey accepts its membership request.
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usafphantom2 · 3 years ago
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IMAGES: USAF retires the first KC-10 Extender manufactured
Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 05/14/22 - 4:28 PM in Military
The first KC-10A Extender built for the USAF has just been retired, and the aircraft has carried out several tests in its long life to confirm the capabilities of the KC-10A with the U.S. Air Force.
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The aircraft should not fly for 42 years, but the retirement of the KC-10As had to be delayed due to problems with the new KC-46A Pegasus tankers. In July 1980, their creator McDonnell Douglas sent them on the air for the first time and subsequently put them at their own pace and optimized them during numerous test flights.
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On April 26, the Air Mobility Command Museum (Delaware, USA) received the KC-10A tanker, registration 79-0433, which came from New Jersey. It was the first of the 60 KC-10A Extender refuelers produced for the United States Air Force. He made his first flight on July 12, 1980, to enter service on October 1, 1981. It served as a test aircraft to confirm the capabilities of the future KC-10A fleet, such as aircraft behavior, cargo transportation, refueling of aircraft that were operating at the time, etc. The aircraft has belonged since 1994 to the 32nd Air Refueling Squadron, as part of the 305th Air Mobility Wing, stationed at McGuire Air Force Base, before the final retirement.
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For John Taylor, director of the museum, a reason for great joy: "This aircraft was the first KC-10 to be built and piloted as a demonstrator - the prototype of all Extenders," Taylor emphasized and added: "Our museum is an excellent place for such an aircraft. This will allow us to present the entire history of more than 60 years of strategic and tactical air refueling - alongside a KB-50, a KC-97 and, of course, the KC-135."
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The Air Mobility Command Museum mainly presents the history of USAAF/USAF's transport and supply capabilities. Of course, it includes a collection of planes, from the Waco CG-4A glider to the C-5A Galaxy strategic transport plane. Several aircraft presented are unique in their history, such as the only aircraft to launch an ICBM or the only four-engine aircraft to tow a glider.
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The KC-10 is based on the DC-10-30 civilian aircraft manufactured by the then McDonnell Douglas (purchased in 1997 by Boeing), of which it uses more than 88% of the systems. It was developed to support the fleet of KC-135 tankers, but whose capacities are limited, since a KC-10A carries twice as much fuel as a KC-135. This large refueling capacity was crucial during Operation Noble Eagle, intended to secure the airspace of the United States and Canada after the attacks of September 11, 2001. In fact, in less than 24 hours, the number of fighters in Rapid Reaction Alert went from 14 to more than 400, including constant patrols in the sky... that needed to be replenished.
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With a length of 55 meters, a wingspan of 50.4 meters and a maximum takeoff weight of almost 277 tons, it also clearly surpasses its successor to Boeing, the KC-46A Pegasus. Equipped with three CF6 turbofans from General Electric, the Extender can absorb almost 166 tons of fuel and, in addition to its main role as a tanker, can also be used to transport goods and patients - at the same time, if necessary. As a freighter, it holds up to 27 pallets, which are loaded and unloaded through a side loading gate.
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The KC-46A Pegasus should replace the KC-10As. However, with the problems with its refueling camera system, the USAF had to extend the life of its fleet of old refuelers. The first aircraft was thus retired on July 13, 2020, but some aircraft were kept in active service to avoid a capacity gap. KC-135 were also affected by this measure. Now, the days seem to be numbered for the AMC KC-10 and KC-135 since the USAF and Boeing seem to have found a solution for the Pegasus.
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The KC-10 aircraft "79-0433" is scheduled to stay at the static exhibition during the air show "Thunder Over Dover" on May 21 and 22 before making its final commute to the museum at Dover Air Base. For this, however, John Taylor and his employees still need to prepare a space to expose the three large jets. The Extender will be the 36th aircraft of the Air Mobility Command Museum.
Tags: Military AviationMcDonnell Douglas KC-10 ExtenderUSAF - United States Air Force / U.S. Air Force
Fernando Valduga
Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, he has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Dayton Airshow and FIDAE. He has works published in a specialized aviation magazine in Brazil and abroad. He uses Canon equipment during his photographic work in the world of aviation
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wexarexmadxhere-archive · 3 years ago
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Theo Raeken; Muse Info
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Full.Name; Theodore Karl Raeken Nickname; Theo Face Claim; Cody Christian Gender; Male Pronouns; He/Him Marital Status; Single Sexuality; Demisexual/Bisexual Age; 18/21 Date Of Birth;  November 23, 1994 Occupation; Residence; His Truck Species;  Chimera Shift; Wolf Hierarchy; Omega Family; None Verses; None Biography; Theodore Karl Raeken is a supporting character on Teen Wolf who made his first appearance in Season 5A. He was the first Chimera created by the Dread Doctors who managed to successfully complete his transformation without rejection, though he was not considered a true success. He went to school with Scott McCall and Stiles Stilinski up until the fourth grade, which was when his family left Beacon Hills, a year or two after the death of Theo's sister, Tara. Theo returned to Beacon Hills for his senior year in the autumn of 2012 and wasted no time seeking out the McCall Pack in hopes of joining them. He posed as a recently-bitten Werewolf whose Alpha died before his first full moon, leaving him as an Omega; in reality, Theo was trying to get close to the members of the pack, as he planned turning them against their Alpha Scott McCall and eventually killing him in order to steal his powers and become Alpha himself, coveting the unique combination of supernatural creatures that made up the pack. Unfortunately, Theo's plan, while perfectly executed for the majority of the half-season, was foiled when Mason Hewitt arrived and stopped Liam Dunbar from killing Scott at the last moment (since Theo, knowing only a Beta of a True Alpha's own making could steal their power, needed Liam to become an Alpha first in order to steal the power for himself). As a consolation prize, Theo used the Dread Doctors' green serum in order to resurrect four of the previously killed "failed" Chimeras whose bodies were left at the Nemeton, creating his own Chimera Pack in which he was the self-appointed "Alpha" (despite the fact that he was neither a real Alpha nor a real Werewolf). Throughout Season 5B, Theo continued his quest for more power with the help of his packmates, only this time, he focused his sights on stealing the powers and lycanthropy of the Beast of Gevaudan, who had recently been resurrected by the Dread Doctors. To do this, he pursued several different leads that he thought could help him achieve his goal, including obtaining Belasko's talons, capturing Deucalion (the only surviving expert in stealing powers from other creatures), and attempting to capture Lydia Martin, knowing that her Banshee connection with Jordan Parrish, the Hellhound prophesied to battle the Beast, would lure both Parrish and the Beast to him. He even killed two of his "Betas," Tracy Stewart and Josh Diaz, in order to steal their powers of Kanima venom production and electromagnetokinesis, respectively. However, Theo's plans once again failed when the Beast proved immune to his venom. When he tried to retaliate against the McCall Pack for thwarting his plans (due in part to Deucalion, who was secretly working with Scott and had allowed himself to be captured) Kira Yukimura, with the help of the Skinwalkers, summoned Theo's deceased sister to drag Theo through a sinkhole and trap him underground. Theo's remained imprisoned beneath the underground tunnels of Beacon Hills until he was set free by Liam and Hayden in Season 6A's Ghosted. After Theo's release, he maintained his usual survivalist personality, but slowly began to change as a result of the McCall Pack's influence, especially once Liam had destroyed Kira's katana so he couldn't be sent back to his underground prison. By the end of the first half of the sixth season, Theo demonstrated genuine concern for people other than himself when he helped prevent Liam from being captured by the Ghost Riders and fought alongside Scott, Malia Tate, and Peter Hale (a former "bad guy" who was also on a redemption arc of his own) against Garrett Douglas and the Ghost Riders as well. As of Season 6B's Raw Talent Theo is currently homeless, leaving him forced to live in his truck. When it became clear that the Anuk-ite was wreaking havoc on Beacon Hills, he became a reluctant ally of the McCall Pack, helping them defend themselves against the fear-inducing shapeshifter and the army of Hunters that formed partly due to this fear. Despite his initial feuding with the pack, he eventually proved himself as an ally who could be trusted to help them, leading Scott (who had plenty of reason to distrust him due to Theo killing him) to even refer to him as one of the town's protectors. Theo is a member of the Raeken Family and was the self-declared "Alpha" of the Chimera Pack before eventually becoming a trusted ally of the McCall Pack
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airmanisr · 4 years ago
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British Aircraft Corporation Jet Provost T.5A ‘XW289 / 73’ (G-JPVA)
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British Aircraft Corporation Jet Provost T.5A ‘XW289 / 73’ (G-JPVA) by Alan Wilson Via Flickr: c/n EEP/JP/953 Built in 1969 as a Jet Provost T.5, converted to T.5A standard in 1974. Served with the Central Flying School, the RAF College and Nos.1 & 3 Flying Training Schools. Sold to Global Aviation at Binbrook by October 1994 and civil registered as G-BVXT in January 1995. The following month she was sold to Tim Manna who reregistered her as G-JPVA and moved her to North Weald. She moved on in 2007 and after a few further owners she arrived at St Athan in November 2016 and was deregistered. She is seen parked as a ‘gate guard’ by the southside hangars Bro Tathan Airfield (St Athan), Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, UK 12th June 2021
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skyfire85 · 4 years ago
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Lockheed F-104G aircraft lined up at Ingolstadt Manching Airport Germany. | Photo: Unbekannter Autor
FLIGHTLINE: 116 - LOCKHEED F-104 STARFIGHTER
The F-104 was designed as a simple, lightweight interceptor with maximum altitude and climb performance.
Springing from the mind of Kelly Johnson and his team at Lockheed, the F-104 was developed in the early 1950s as a blindingly fast, high flying interceptor to engage Soviet bombers. Based on interviews with pilots returning from the Korean war, Johnson wanted to reverse the trend in the USAF toward increasingly heavy and complex fighters. The USAF seemed to agree, issuing a operational requirement on 5 November 1952 for a lightweight day fighter to supplement, if not ultimately replace, the F-100 Super Sabre. In addition to the Lockheed design, which had been given the internal designation L-246, Republic Aviation proposed their AP-55, derived from the XF-91 Thunderceptor, North American advanced the NA-212, which was developed from the F-100, and Northrop submitted their N-102 Fang.
Lockheed was awarded a development contract on 12 March 1953 for two prototypes of the newly-christened XF-104. The initial design had changed in the interim, with data gleaned from the and X-7 programs being incorporated into the new interceptor. The XF-104 now featured a long tubular fuselage, dominated by a single massive J79 turbojet and featuring small wings so thin that they needed covers during maintenance, lest ground crew cut themselves. The V-tail and variable-position horizontal stabilizers had given way to a single T-tail with an all-moving stabilizer.
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Schematics of the F-104. | Illustration: Bagera3005 @ DeviantArt
The first flight of XF-104 #1 took place in March 1954, powered by a Wright J65 engine as the J79 was facing issues in development. The XF-104 had small, trapezoidal wings like the X-3 and X-7, and as such the fuel and landing gear would need to be contained in the fuselage. Because the wings and tail were nearly the same size, the wings were given a 10° anhedral to counteract a tendency to Dutch Roll. The high T-tail led to Lockheed installing a unique downward-firing ejection seat, so as to not injure the pilot if he struck the tail. This feature was removed in the production F-104 as ejection seat technology improved. Both XF-104s were lost during the test program, though enough data was acquired that the production F-104A featured numerous improvements and modifications.
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F-104A showing leading and trailing edge covers. | Photo: Bill Spidle
The Starfighter saw service in the USAF from 1958 until 1969, though use continued with the Puerto Rican Air National Guard until 1975. The plane was widely exported, serving in the air forces of 14 other nations, as well as NASA. Canada, Italy and Japan license-built their own copies, with the CF-104 being modified to perform nuclear strike and recon roles, the F-104S designed to fire AIM-7 Sparrow missile, and the F-104J, which resembled the F-104G, but retained the original F-104A’s interceptor-only role.
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A pair of USAF F-104s, circa 1960, with Buzz Numbers visible on the aft fuselage. | Photo: USAF
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An F-104 shooting down a QF-80 drone during a test. | Gif from a USAF film
The F-104C was a fighter bomber variant developed for the USAF's Tactical Air Command (TAC). The radar was improved, and two pylons were added to each wing, along with one under the fuselage, allowing the plane to carry rockets and conventional bombs, along with a single Mk.28 or Mk.43 nuclear weapon. The C model was also equipped with aerial refueling equipment. TAC's F-104C served in Vietnam from 1965 through 1967 before being supplanted by the F-4. Starfighters under the direction of EC-121 Warning Stars shot down 25 MiGs during the war, and 15 F-104s were lost to SAMs, AAA, engine failure, one air-to-air kill by a PLAN J-6, and one mid-air collision.
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TAC F-104C Starfighters from the 435th Tactical Fighter Squadron, 479th Tactical Fighter Wing, at Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base in 1965. | Photo: USAF
The F-104G was the definitive variant, and 1,127 were produced by Lockheed, Canadair, and a consortium of Messerschmidt/MBB, Fiat, Fokker and S.A.B.C.A. The type featured a strengthened fuselage, wing, and empennage structures; the larger vertical fin with fully powered rudder as used on the two-seat versions; fully powered brakes, a new anti-skid system, and larger tires; revised flaps for improved combat maneuvering; and a larger braking chute. The G model was also a multi-role aircraft, with 7 hardpoints under the wing and fuselage allowing carriage of AIM-9 Sidewinders, unguided bombs and rockets, and fuel tanks.
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A formation of F-104Gs from the air arm of the German Navy in 1965. | Photo: Marineflieger
It was this multi-role aspect that interested the international community, and the so-called “Deal of the Century” was struck (with bribes greasing the wheels along the way), allowing Lockheed’s new mount to replace a large number of aging first-generation jets. West Germany acquired 915 Starfighters, with 151 going to the Marineflieger and the rest to the Luftwaffe. Though an adequate fighter-bomber, the F-104 design was optimized for high-speed, high-altitude flight, and the adaptations to low-altitude flight were not entirely effective. The plane quickly gained a reputation as being accident-prone, with 270 aircraft lost in West German service and 110 pilots killed. The press dubbed the plane Witwenmacher (‘widowmaker’), and the running joke being “How do you get an F-104 for cheep? Buy a plot of land in West Germany and wait.”. Still, the plane soldiered on in Luftwaffe service, surviving past reunification and being finally retired in 1991.
NASA acquired F-104As in 1963, which were then modified with the addition of a Rocketdyne AR2-3 rocket engine in an angled housing beneath the tail fin, as well as hydrogen peroxide reaction control thrusters, and were used to train pilots for the X-15 and X-20 DynaSoar. One of these NF-104As was lost during a test flight by Chuck Yeager, which was depicted in the book The Right Stuff, as well as the film that was adapted from it.
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A NASA NF-104A executing a rocket-assisted zoom climb. | Photo: USAF
Three F-104G aircraft were also acquired by NASA in 1963 for use as high-speed chase aircraft under the designation F-104N. One of these aircraft was famously lost in a mid-air collision with the XB-70A Valkyrie bomber, killing both Joe Walker, pilot of the F-104, and Carl Cross, co-pilot of the XB-70. The other aircraft remained in NASA service until 1994, making it the last Starfighter in US service.
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A formation of USAF and NASA aircraft in 1966, From foreground to background they are a T-38A, F-4B, XB-70A, F-104N and YF-5A. The flight had been set up at the behest of General Electric, which manufactured the engines in all 5 craft. | Photo: USAF
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The immediate aftermath of the collision. Investigators determined that Joe Walker in the F-104 lost sight of the XB-70 and drifted into the larger plane's wake vortex, which catapulted the Starfighter across the Valk's back. | Photo: USAF
The F-104, in various models, served with the armed forces of 15 nations, along with NASA and at least one civilian demo team. Italy was the last user, with the F-104S being retired in 2004.
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rabdoidal · 6 years ago
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felt like making an iconic movie outfits drawing meme! i know its after halloween but its never a bad time to play dress up
✨ kofi link in bio if you’re feeling generous ✨
(character descriptions under cut)
1a. Cher Horowitz from Clueless (1995)
1b. John Bender from The Breakfast Club (1985)
1c. Ellen Ripley from Alien (1979)
1d. Danny Zuko from Grease (1978)
1e. Mia Wallace from Pulp Fiction (1994)
2a. Jeffrey "The Dude" Lebowski from The Big Lebowski (1998)
2b. The Bride from Kill Bill: Volume 1 (2003)
2c. Marty McFly from Back to the Future (1985)
2d. Pris Stratton from Blade Runner (1982)
2e. Betelgeuse from Beetlejuice (1988)
3a. Elle Woods from Legally Blonde (2001)
3b. Han Solo from Star Wars IV - A New Hope (1977)
3c. Wednesday Addams from Addams Family Values (1993)
3d. Jim Stark from Rebel Without a Cause (1955)
3e. Marilyn Monroe from The Seven Year Itch (1955)
4a. Peter Venkman from Ghostbusters (1984)
4b. Dr. Ellie Sattler from Jurassic Park (1993)
4c. Ace Ventura from Ace Ventura: Pet Detective (1994)
4d. Dorothy Gale from The Wizard of Oz (1939)
4e. James Bond from Goldfinger (1964)
5a. Sandy Olsson from Grease (1978)
5b. Westley from The Princess Bride (1987)
5c. Romy White and Michele Weinberger from Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (1997)
5d. Holly Golightly from Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961)
5e. T-800 from The Terminator (1984)
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fromthe-point · 6 years ago
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The Toledo Walleye captured the Bruce Taylor Trophy as Western Conference champions on Wednesday with a 6-2 win over the Tulsa Oilers in Game 7 of the Western Conference Finals at the BOK Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Toledo wins the series 4 games to 3, and advances to meet the Newfoundland Growlers in the 2019 Kelly Cup Finals presented by SmileDirectClub.
The Walleye took a 2-0 lead 9:29 into the contest on goals from David Pope and Zach Gallant. After Stephen Perfetto got the Oilers on the board with a power-play tally at 12:24 of the first period, Chris Crane restored Toledo's two-goal lead at 17:14. Matt Register extended the lead to 4-1 13:28 into the second period. Jared Thomas pulled Tulsa within two at 19:33 of the second period, but Toledo's Bryan Moore and Ben Storm added empty-net tallies in the closing minutes of the third period to set the final.
A.J. Jenks led the Walleye in the series with six points (2g-4a) while Pat Nagle went 4-3 with a 1.98 goals-against average and a save percentage of .938. Perfetto (3g-4a) and Adam Pleskach (2g-5a) shared the series lead for the Oilers with seven points each.
This is the Walleye’s first trip to the Kelly Cup Finals in team history, and the third visit to the final round of the ECHL playoffs for a Toledo team. The Toledo Storm won back-to-back Riley Cup championships in 1993 and 1994.
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deserivizo · 3 years ago
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10 Trends in digital marketing, take advantage of your strategy
Knowing your target audience in depth allows you to identify trends in digital marketing and reach them . Based on this, your strategy needs to be modified annually to fit the new customs.
With the arrival of the pandemic in the world, everything was transformed, giving way to new preferences that you can take advantage of. Especially if you are in charge of marketing a company or online store.
In this article we will talk about the trends in digital marketing 2022 that you can take advantage of and apply to your strategy:
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Evolution of digital marketing
Before delving fully into the new user preferences, let's learn more about the evolution of the sector:
Although digital marketing seems to be a new discipline, in reality it has already traveled its own path. In fact, its beginnings can be traced back to the years 1990 and 1994. Mainly to technological advances such as the Internet.
Despite having emerged alongside new technologies, it was confused with traditional marketing. So the behaviour of the audience was seen in the same way. However, time proved otherwise.  It was in 1993 that the first advertising banner appeared on a website. At the same time Archie met, who was the first search engine in history. By 1997, the first Six Degrees social network.
[Twitter: When digital marketing emerged, it was confused with traditional marketing.]
From all the previous events, new trends in digital marketing such as social networks, which are still known today, gave way to: Facebook, Sonico, Metroflog, Myspace, Hi5, Flickr, among others.
With the emergence of Google, MSN and Yahoo, the term Search Engine Optimization (SEO) began to be known to refer to positioning in search engines. Point that was also transformed from the trends. In general, digital marketing evolved to focus more on user behaviour. Therefore, efforts largely try to take advantage of specialized segmentation to achieve better results.
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Without a doubt, digital marketing has adapted to the new times to take advantage of the technological advances that arise on the Internet. Therefore, as a brand or company, you must take advantage of its trends to expand your business.
Business growth with digital marketing
If you are looking for your company to grow with digital marketing, you should take into account the 10 trends in digital marketing that can help you:
1- From 4P to 5A
Companies interested in growing must understand that digital marketing must give greater value and weight to the consumer. This is key if you want to create a loyal community.
That is why it evolved from the 4Ps of Edmund Jerome McCarthy, an American professor, based on: product, price, point of sale and promotion. These four elements were key to the approach of a strategy.
Currently, the approach of Phillp Kotler, an economist specializing in marketing , is preferred, who updated the previous model by establishing the 5A of the customer journey, which in Spanish is: knowledge, attraction, consultation, action and recommendation .
What these keywords allow is to remember the important aspects that a strategy must have. In this way, priority is not given only to the benefits of companies, but to provide valuable content to consumers.
2- Correct use of storytelling
Storytelling is a very influential strategy that can be used by companies. In fact, it has the power to persuade 60% of the world's people. Therefore, it must be applied correctly as follows:
Listen and detect what your consumers want. It is important that you use digital tools to establish what your audience wants to hear or read. In addition to knowing what content connects. For this you can use metrics.
Once you know the reactions you generate with your content, you must take the next step. For this, test different variables to find out what works and what doesn't.
Storytelling is an incredible tool to connect with your users.
Be clear about your own storytelling. For you to apply this strategy in the correct way, you must focus more on your story. It is at this point that you should give more value than being a seller or promoting a message to promote your company. So, you must show your essence.
3- Positioning through branded content
Branded content is another trend in digital marketing that you can use to position your company. This consists of creating content linked to your brand so that you can connect with your consumer. 
To achieve success with this strategy, you must focus on the values ​​that your company or brand has. Not so much in services or products. In general, you should base this tactic on the intangible qualities you have.
Consequently, branded content manages to position brands because it is always oriented towards generating a conversation and notoriety around the company or brand. Beyond looking for a direct conversion.
Because added value is generated for the user, the content will impact the audience, making them talk about the brand.
Likewise, this type of strategy seeks to appeal to emotions to connect with your buyer persona on a much more intimate level. So, it can be reinforced through storytelling.
4- AI and machine learning
Digital marketing trends also take into account artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. Mainly because of marketing automation. In this sense, what this achieves is the following:
Through machine learning and artificial intelligence, human language can be understood and interpreted correctly, so it can analyse the opinions that consumers have.
In the same way, it seeks to understand each of the texts written by humans to know if they are really reflecting a positive, neutral or negative opinion of a brand or company. What makes the process fast and effective. 
Through this trend you can prevent losing customers. This is because it creates algorithms that can predict user behaviour, as well as identify which ones could be passed on to the competition.
 When combined with marketing automation   , it is capable of creating a system that identifies users at risk. Which will serve to send a personalized message for your re-enlistment.
In addition, the experience of potential customers is improved: guiding them throughout the buyer journey, guaranteeing stock in online stores and making personalized recommendations.
5- Audio-visual formats: Video marketing
Another of the trends in digital marketing that you must implement is based on audio-visual formats, such as video marketing. Its rise is mainly due to the dynamics of social networks. Among these we highlight:
Storytelling in video marketing. This trend combination is perfect for generating empathy between your company or brand and your audience, as well as motivating interaction on digital platforms. The idea is to create short videos telling an experience, you can easily create and edit short videos with the video editor tool online.
Likewise, interactive videos can be made to promote an immersion in the audience. Giving you the ability to control what you want to know about the product or service. An example of this are the 360 ​​videos that give a complete vision of virtual reality.
On the other hand, in video marketing, interaction should be prioritized, rather than production. For example, there are successful cases that have been recorded with smartphones. What reduces the costs related to the creation of this material. However, quality is still important.
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6- Content created by users
As we have seen throughout the article, content is still one of the most used approaches in strategies. Especially for the result that this has. But, one trend that is very strong is user-created content.
This can be: images, audio, video, text files that are published on social networks. The important thing about this trend is that it arises voluntarily on the part of the users, without there being a payment involved.
So, users can develop their creativity and give back to brands. This can be used by companies because it is a material that is very attractive to other followers of the brand. Mainly because it is a reflection of the experience of another person just like them.
7- Voice Marketing
Voice marketing is another trend in digital marketing that you should use in your strategy. This is based on searches and voice assistance, a technology that is gaining more and more ground.
In fact, according to data from comScore, a research company dedicated to marketing, 50% of searches that are made today are through voice. This is because the content is becoming more accessible and understandable.
Voice marketing is a trend that cannot be ignored due to the advancement of assistants like Alexa, Siri, Cortana, and Google.
On the other hand, thanks to voice assistants such as Siri, Alexa, Cortana or the Google assistant, different actions can be carried out that have an effect on marketing. How to play music, make restaurant reservations, control appliances, among others.
What pushes companies to optimize their websites so that it can be understandable and reachable by voice search engines.
8- Programmatic advertising
Programmatic advertising is a model in which advertising is purchased automatically on websites, blogs, online newspapers, among others. Within this strategy there are different trends in digital marketing such as:
Ads targeted to very specific locations. In this aspect, the IP addresses of the clients are taken into account so that the algorithm recommends products or services. 
Video formats are relevant. Platforms like YouTube ads, Instagram, among others, is a programmatic advertising trend that cannot be ignored. Because a more personalized user experience can be offered. New ad formats so it is possible to improve engagement, online reputation and social presence.
9- Mindful marketing
If you have to talk about trends in digital marketing, you have to highlight mindful marketing . Where the care of the planet is taken into account, as well as sustainable consumption and what can be done so that it has a better future.
This trend takes into account the ecology and the protection of social rights because they are the main concerns of its target client. Therefore, a humanized promotion is pursued much more than the ego of the companies.
10- Storydoing
Finally, story doing is one of the marketing trends that focuses on doing and not telling. So he will seek to live his values. It aims to provide authentic experiences.
For example, one of the successful companies in this type of strategy is Apple. That because they do not focus on selling a Smartphone or tablet, what they actually do is offer their consumers a product linked to the exclusive.
Therefore, companies that can apply this strategy ensure much more committed and loyal consumers. 
Digital Marketing Services in Dubai
conclusion
As we saw throughout this article, we discovered the trends in digital marketing that should be taken advantage of. Especially if you want to take your company to the next level. Each one has its advantages, so you should study them in depth to apply them to your marketing plan.
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brookstonalmanac · 1 year ago
Text
Events 4.4 (after 1950)
1958 – The CND peace symbol is displayed in public for the first time in London. 1960 – France agrees to grant independence to the Mali Federation, a union of Senegal and French Sudan. 1963 – Bye Bye Birdie, a musical romantic comedy film directed by George Sidney, was released. 1964 – The Beatles occupy the top five positions on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart. 1967 – Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" speech in New York City's Riverside Church. 1968 – Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated by James Earl Ray at a motel in Memphis, Tennessee. 1968 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 6. 1969 – Dr. Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart. 1973 – The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City are officially dedicated. 1973 – A Lockheed C-141 Starlifter, dubbed the Hanoi Taxi, makes the last flight of Operation Homecoming. 1975 – Microsoft is founded as a partnership between Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico. 1975 – Vietnam War: A United States Air Force Lockheed C-5A Galaxy transporting orphans, crashes near Saigon, South Vietnam shortly after takeoff, killing 172 people. 1977 – Southern Airways Flight 242 crashes in New Hope, Paulding County, Georgia, killing 72. 1979 – Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed. 1981 – Iran–Iraq War: The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force mounts an attack on H-3 Airbase and destroys about 50 Iraqi aircraft. 1983 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Challenger makes its maiden voyage into space on STS-6. 1984 – President Ronald Reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons. 1987 – Garuda Indonesia Flight 032 crashes at Medan Airport, killing 23. 1988 – Governor Evan Mecham of Arizona is convicted in his impeachment trial and removed from office. 1990 – The current flag of Hong Kong is adopted for post-colonial Hong Kong during the Third Session of the Seventh National People's Congress. 1991 – Senator John Heinz of Pennsylvania and six others are killed when a helicopter collides with their airplane over an elementary school in Merion, Pennsylvania. 1991 – Forty-one people are taken hostage inside a Good Guys! Electronics store in Sacramento, California. Three of the hostage takers and three hostages are killed. 1994 – Three people are killed when KLM Cityhopper Flight 433 crashes at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. 1996 – Comet Hyakutake is imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous. 1997 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Colombia is launched on STS-83. However, the mission is later cut short due to a fuel cell problem. 2002 – The MPLA government of Angola and UNITA rebels sign a peace treaty ending the Angolan Civil War. 2009 – France announces its return to full participation of its military forces within NATO. 2010 – A magnitude 7.2 earthquake hits south of the Mexico-USA border, killing two and damaging buildings across the two countries. 2011 – Georgian Airways Flight 834 crashes at N'djili Airport in Kinshasa, killing 32. 2013 – More than 70 people are killed in a building collapse in Thane, India. 2017 – Syria conducts an air strike on Khan Shaykhun using chemical weapons, killing 89 civilians. 2020 – China holds a national day of mourning for martyrs who died in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease outbreak. 2023 – Finland becomes a member of NATO after Turkey accepts its membership request.
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usafphantom2 · 3 years ago
Text
C-5A-69-00190-439MAW-1994
flickr
Michel Klaveren Following
C-5A-69-00190-439MAW-1994
Via Flickr
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airmanisr · 5 years ago
Video
Northrop F-5A Freedom Fighter ‘134’
flickr
Northrop F-5A Freedom Fighter ‘134’ by Alan Wilson Via Flickr: c/n N.7078 Built 1970 and was the last F-5 built for Norway. Allocated US military serial 69-7134 for delivery purposes but serving with the Royal Norwegian Air Force only as ‘134’. She was one of seven F-5As upgraded between 1991 and 1994 under the Program for Avionics and Weapon Systems (known as ‘TIGER-PAWS’), the aircraft having an avionics refit to replicate an F-16 cockpit. The final F-5 unit, 336 squadron, disbanded in June 2000, but ‘134’ was one of 15 aircraft kept active to participate in the ‘Eye of the Tiger’ (EoT) test program for the Norwegian ‘Penguin’ anti-ship missile. Wearing full ‘Tiger’ livery, she was finally retired in 2007 and joined the museum soon after. On display in the Military Aircraft Hall of the Norsk Luftfartsmuseum (Norwegian Aviation Museum). Bodø, Northern Norway 25th May 2019
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ostako · 3 years ago
Text
لوله بازکنی در اصفهان لوله بازکنی با فنر در اصفهان
لوله بازکنی در اصفهان لوله بازکنی با فنر در اصفهان
لوله بازکنی در اصفهان
لوله بازکنی در اصفهان
در سیستم های لوله کشی واقعی، ما باید بارهای اولیه تحت کنترل نیرو را از هم جدا کنیم، به عنوان مثال. وزن یک تیر، و بارهای کنترل شده با جابجایی،بارها، با این حال، با جابجایی های محلی کاهش نمی یابد. آنها به مقدار اولیه خود در سیستم شناسایی شده نیز عمل می کننددر لوله های مستقیم می توان تنش های ناشی از فشار و خمش را با روش های ابتدایی تئوری الاستیسیته محاسبه کرد. در خم ها، توزیع تنش را همانطور که در شکل 5 نشان داده شده است مشاهده می کنیم. فقط در بارگذاری فشار (شکل 5a) خم تمایل به صاف شدن دارد. تنش‌های محیطی در لوله‌های داخلی در مقایسه با تنش حلقه‌ای در لوله مستقیم بزرگ‌تر می‌شوند، زیرا ناحیه کمتری برای حمل نیروی ناشی از فشار وجود دارد. در اکسترادوها ما تنش ها را کمتر می کنیم، زیرا مساحت بیشتری در دسترس است.بارگذاری خم با یک لحظه بسته شدن (شکل 5b) باعث ایجاد تنش های خمشی با جهت محیطی بر روی ضخامت دیوار می شود. این خمش از بیضی شدن خم به صورت مقطعی ناشی می شود.یون. هنگامی که در یک لحظه بسته شدن بارگذاری می شود، بخش به ¯atter تبدیل می شود. در صورت وجود جابجایی های زیاد، ظرفیت باربری با کاهش ممان اینرسی قسمت تحت تأثیر کاهش می یابد. به دلیل این بیضی‌شدن، ممان‌های حدی خم‌ها نسبت به لوله‌های مستقیم کوچک‌تر است.کاهش سفتی خم ها در تحلیل تنش سیستم های لوله کشی با جایگزینی سختی خمشی لوله مستقیم با سختی کاهش یافته در نظر گرفته می شود. این سختی کاهش یافته ممکن است به عنوان طول لوله معادل نیز در نظر گرفته شود. این طول لوله معادل با طول یک قطعه لوله مستقیم به دست می آید که سفتی خمشی مشابه خم مورد نظر دارد. در آنالیز تنش الاستیک، گشتاور اینرسی مقطع خم را با ضریب خم و طول لوله کاهش می دهیم. عامل قابلیت پذیری ارائه شده در کدهای مختلف برای رسیدگی به سفتی کاهش یافته خم ها عمل می کند. با این طول نسبی لوله مطابقت دارد. شکل 6 فاکتور FLX را از ASME N 319 (Diem، 1994) که به عنوان تابعی از پارامتر خمش l Rt:r2 در خمش خالص برای خمش های 45 و 90 درجه با نتایج FEM ارائه شده است، مقایسه می کند. پراکندگی در داده های FEM به دلیل تغییر ضخامت دیوار در مدل ها ایجاد می شود. این پراکندگی برای هندسه‌هایی که در سیستم‌های لوله‌کشی واقعی به آنها نگاه می‌کنیم، اهمیت کمی دارد، جایی که پارامتر خمش را در محدوده 1:1 B5 ± 10 قرار می‌دهیم.
0 notes
happilyrainyinternet · 4 years ago
Text
Trenpro Technology: quality standard for switch plugs and sockets
What is the quality judging standard of switch plug and socket? Switch socket is used to deal with electricity, so it has a great relationship with the safety of power consumption environment. If you buy a poor quality switch socket, it is easy to cause electric shock and fire. Look at the quality of American standard switches and sockets. First look at the appearance, the appearance should be smooth, and the material should be uniform. Look at which material is used and whether advanced plastics are used. Good quality switch sockets usually use PC because the material has some flame retardancy, insulation and impact resistance, and it is not easy to change color.
The quality of the switch plug and socket does not mean that the service life is long, so in addition to the quality, it also depends on the frequency of its use. The frequency of the use of switch sockets is standard, the national standard is 40000 times, some brands just conform to the national standards, some brands exceed the national standards, like the bull's switch sockets can be used 80000 times, is two times the national standard. That is to say, the service life of the same quality switch socket is different.
Electrical strength: when the metal panel American 1 gang 2 way switch is disconnected, an electrical attachment with a nominal voltage of more than 130V should be applied with a sinusoidal frequency of 50HZ2000V for 1 minutes and no scintillation breakdown may occur. Electrical accessories with rated voltage above 130V specified in the socket shall be applied sine wave frequency North 50HZ2000V voltage for 1 minutes. No flashover breakdown will occur.
What kind of switch socket is good when the quality and life span are quite good? It must be a high price ratio. Some people have always thought that the expensive is good, so the concept of consumption is wrong. The quality of the product is not rare, therefore, to buy the price is reasonable, in the quality, life and style of the same situation, the price can be considered.
Guangdong Trenpro Technology Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer specializing in R & D, production and sales of XLR Carnon socket, Carnon plug, microphone socket, audio and video socket, mainly engaged in electronic components, automotive electrical appliances from new products to production and assembly to finished products.
The current work is to conduct a design review on a multipurpose power socket for home application with the latest state of art features. Reviews are done in the areas of standard and codings, material selections, universal adapters, sensors and lighting technology. The standards for fabrication of BS 546 and BS 1363 plugs and sockets are essential for safety purposes. Together with selection of suitable material in production of plug and sockets, the occurrence of accidents can be averted. The invention of universal adapters was first coined by Rumble in year 1982 marks an evolution in the history of plugs and sockets. The main focus was to cater the different plug fixtures in various countries. Coupled to this, review works on the various types of sensors and lighting technologies is provided since it could be fused to the universal plug adapters for various applications. This paper then go on in proposing future works which could open new research pathways among worldwide researchers.
Light is an important element in human’s daily activities as it provides brightness in the dark. There are varieties of light source that are being adopted in today daily life such as fire, halogen lamp, fluorescent lamp and light emitting diode (LED) lamp. LED has been chosen as one of the most common lighting systems due to the advantage in energy saving, better luminous and it can be used for a longer period of time. Sensors is also focused in current lighting technology. Sensors will act as a residential 1 gang 1 way 16a light switch for Homes and only be functioned as it detects the gesture related to its specification such as motion or darkness. The usage of sensor in lighting system will further improve the efficiency of the system and provides an alternatives for energy saving.
The review works will start with a brief overview on the standards and codings implemented, followed by the types of material used on the development of universal adapters and their applications. On the other hand, different types of sensors and lighting technology will be discussed in this work. Last but not least, proposed future works will be presented which could help to open new research pathways in the future.
Standards are the regulations developed by International Standards Organizations (ISO). These standards act as the benchmark to be referred and used worldwide. Standards are documented to overcome differences among standards and technical regulations developed independently and separately by each nation or national standard organization. Codings is a set of rules that specify the standards that need to be followed to fabricate an object mentioned under the standard and codings.
Plugs and wall sockets are the electrical components that connect together to allow the flow of electricity and thus complete the circuit. Plug and sockets are invented in Britain in the beginning of 1880s and designed to have only 2 pins at that time. The official standards then come in when the idea of interchangeable compatible devices were proposed. BS 1363 is the British standards that is used in United Kingdom and mostly the Commonwealth countries. It is a type of single-phase AC power plugs and sockets that can support a voltage up to 250V and a variety of ampere such as 2A, 5A, 13A and 15A.
By referring to 13 A plugs, socket-outlets, adaptors and connection units, there are standards that need to be follow strictly in order to produce a marketable wall sockets with inspection on safety purposes. The sockets shall have marking the necessary information on the parts where it can be read and will not be easily spoiled.
There are specific safety requirements to be followed for BS 1363 wall adaptor. These can be divided according to 3 types of sockets which are 5A 3-round-pin adaptor, 12A 3-rectangulat-pin adaptor and 15A 3-round-pin adaptor.
5A 3-round-pin adaptors are referred to BS 546 as international standard. To design and manufacture BS 546, it must have protection from fuse-link conforming to BS 1362 together. Only an allowable current of not exceeding 5A is permitted for the operation of this adaptor. A 5A adaptor with not more than three 5A sockets protected by one 5A main fuse-link confirming to BS 646 or BS 1362 is permitted (International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2007).
For 12A 3-rectangular-pin adaptor, the fabricating and designing process should be based on the BS 1363 Part 3 standard. The 13A adaptor that has one or two sockets for 13A plugs conforming to BS 1363 Part 1 need not be fused. For multiway 13A adaptor that has more than two sockets for 13A plug conforming to BS 1363 Part 1, it should have a 13A fuse-link conforming to BS 1363 as protection. For multiway 13A adaptor that has one socket for 12A plug and another socket for 5A plug conforming to both BS 1363 Part 1 and BS 546, respectively, an appropriate fuse-link complying with BS 546 and BS 1362 should be used to protect the outgoing circuits through 5A sockets (ISO, 2007).
While 15A 3-round-pin adaptor is manufactured and designed to BS 546 standard. A 15A adaptor is protected by fuse-link matching to BS 1362. Table 2 shows the number ratings and the current ratings of the socket configuration of 15A adaptor (ISO, 2007).
The safety features of BS 1363 adaptor or wall socket is further enhanced with the usage of safety shutters. The safety shutters is used as such that when a plug is withdrawn from it, the white American power electrical double wall socket  contacts or the socket holes which carry current supply will be automatically closed. The shutters should be operated by mating the earth pin to the earth hole. The shutter for a particular socket aperture should not be able to closed the shutter for another socket aperture independently (ISO, 2007).
Figure 3 illustrates the standard dimension used in fabricating a BS 1362 type wall socket (Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org [SASO], 2010). The dimension of the sockets must be strictly followed to ensure that the plug will fit firmly to the socket when using it to avoid accidents to be happened.
In Malaysia, the fabrication and manufacturing of wall sockets must follow the information booklet of Approval of Electrical Equipment (Electricity Regulation 1994).This regulation is established by Energy Commission Malaysia under the Energy Commission Act 2001 [Act 610]. Under this regulation, a socket outlet is described as an electrical device that is fixed at a point at which wiring terminates. It provides a detachable connection with the pins of a plug and it has two or three contacts with a maximum current rating of 15A. Table 3 shows the standard codes of wall socket used in Malaysia.
The abbreviation of MS in Table 3 refers to Malaysia Standard, IEC refers to International Electrotechnical Commission and BS refers to British Standard. By ensuing the procedure of these standards, the respective vendor can apply for certification of approval for electrical equipment with SIRIM Berhard. Upon obtaining the certifications, the vendors’ product is labelled as approved regulated electrical equipment and can be sold in Malaysia’s market.
Material selection is important in the fabrication works of a power socket. This is to ensure that the socket produced is durable and safe for its user. The main components of power socket are made up of plastics and brass. Plastics are used as the casing and inner structure for the socket. Brass is used as connectors to hold the plug pin to allow the flow of electricity to the electrical appliances.
Plastics can be divided into two type of categories which are synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds and this type of plastics are mostly derived from petrochemical. It is made by building up from simple chemical substances. To ensure the plastics bonding are tougher, safer, and cleaner, polymers that build up plastics are added with complex blend of materials known as “additives” (Talbot, 1941). These include biodegradable plasticisers, flame retardants, and heat stabilizers. The grade of plastics used in socket manufacturing is mainly thermoplastics or thermosetting polymers. Thermoplastics are plastics that will not undergo physical or chemical change in their composition upon heated (Gilleo, 2004). Thermosetting polymers, on the other hand can melt and take shape only once. They remains in solid once they have solidified. There are few common plastics grade that are used in fabricating power socket.
Phenolic is one of the plastics used in manufacturing process. It act as a good electrical insulators and able to withstand resistance against water, acid and most solvents. It has low thermal conductivity and rigid at room temperature. The normal operating temperature limit for phenolic molding is 150°C, but grades are available which will operate at up to 200°C for limited periods. These properties allow it to be used in electric appliances industry (Black, 2010). There are two main production methods. One reacts phenol and formaldehyde directly to produce a thermosetting network polymer, while the other restricts the formaldehyde to produce a prepolymer known as novolac which can be molded and then cured with the addition of more formaldehyde and heat (Gardziella, Pilato, & Knop, 2000; Hesse, 2004).
Melamine formaldehyde, or melamine is another type of plastics that is used due to its strong and glossy properties. Melamine shows good resistance to heat, chemicals, moisture, electricity and scratching which makes it to have excellent molding properties in producing power sockets and plugs (Black, 2010). Melamine formaldehyde was discovered by William F. Talbot and patent was applied on 12 December 1936 (Talbot, 1941).
Another type of plastics that is widely used is polyimide. Thermosetting polyimide is one of the highest performing engineering plastics, with superior performance in applications under severe conditions. The properties of polyimide materials include:
high temperature resistance that have operating temperature of 315°C,
high wear resistance,
low thermal expansion,
good thermal and electrical insulation,
relatively easy to machine,
With this properties, thermosetting polyimides are used in various types of manufacturing industries including automotive, electrical appliances, aircraft and aerospace (Black, 2010). These materials tend to be insoluble and have high softening temperatures, arising from charge-transfer interactions between the planar subunits (Liaw et al., 2012).
Brass is the material used as the electrical conductor inside the wall socket. Brass is a material that is made of copper and zinc. Copper-zinc solid solution alloy or brass retains good corrosion resistance and formability of copper but are relatively stronger (Fungal & Brody, 1996). Brass is used widely in the socket manufacturing due to its properties and it is a cheaper material compare to gold. Brass is generally soft which means that it can be machined without the use of cutting fluid, though there are exceptions to this (Faraday, 1832). Brass is used in situations where it is important that sparks are not struck, for example use as a fittings and tools that near flammable or explosive materials. CL 15000 99.85Cu-0.15Zr or zirconium-copper is one of the brass used in fabrication process. It has elastic modulus of 129 GPa and fatigue strength of 180 MPa. The density of CL 15000 is 8.89 g/cm3 and it has a liquidus temperature of 1080°C. The electrical conductivity of 93% IACS at 20°C. CL 15000 can withstand a temperature up to 1080°C before it melts 93% IACS shows that it is a good electrical conductor. Another similar brass or copper alloy, CL 15100 shows a similar properties as in CL 15000. This alloy is called ZHC copper and the elastic modulus is slightly smaller (121 GPa), the density is larger (8.94 g/cm3) and the liquidus temperature is the same at 1080°C. However, CL 15100 is a better conductor of electricity with 95% IACS if it is annealed and 90% if it is rolled with volumetric at 20°C (Fungal & Brody, 1996).
The material used for doing the conductors inside wall socket but be able to withstand overheating. If the holders are getting hotter relative to time, there will be a risk of fire. The heating comes from the current which is drawn by the appliance and the resistance of the conductor. The plug pin will be inserted to or removed from the socket when using it. If the material wears too much, the holder may not be able to hold the plug pins firmly. Besides, the material used must be in low cost to keep the material and processing costs down.
The material used to fabricate an electrical wall socket is crucial in safety purposes. Failure of the material used may possess danger like electrical sparking. Types of plastics used must be a good electrical insulator to avoid the electricity to be channelled into area other than the socket holes that fit in electrical plug. Types of brass used must have good ductility to ensure that the holder of the socket will always mate with the plug pin tightly and allow electricity to flows through efficiently.
By selecting the right material in fabrication, problems like electrical sparking can be avoided. Electric sparking is an abrupt electrical discharge that occurs when a sufficiently high electric field creates an ionized, electrically conductive channel through a normally insulating medium, often air or other gases or gas mixtures. Faraday described this phenomenon as “beautiful flash of light attending the discharge of common electricity (Faraday, 1832). By rapid transitioning of electric field from a non-conducting to a conductive stats, it will produce a brief emission of light and a sharp crack or snapping sound.
Fire is one of the major disasters around the world and electrical fire is the leading type of fire in terms of occurrence rate. An analysis is done in China and the leading type of fault resulting in major electrical fires is short circuit (43.89%) while the second leading fault is loose contact accounting for 8.89%. The second type of faulty is more difficult to discover as it is always covered by some illusions including short circuits. A study to such fires also known as sparking was conducted by Zi-Bo, Man, Chang-Zheng, and Ming (2011). First, two different types of loose contact fault, contact area reduction and contact vibrations are simulated tested and the temperature and some electrical parameters of contact resistance are tabulated during the testing. With this results, the characteristic identification criterion for loose contact is proposed (Zi-Bo et al., 2011).
In the experiment, plugs and American style single 3 pin socket of rated current 10A are used under conditions of reduction and contact areas and contact vibrations. External heating temperature of 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C and 700°C are used to determine the characteristic law of samples. Apparently the plastics insulations of shells are melted and deformed while the metal parts are carbonized but there is no sign of melting and deformation. From the analysis results, it can be concluded that under fault over a small contact area, the plug’s terminal could reach a temperature of 300–400°C and the contact area between plug and socket can reach a temperature of 200–300°C. The major problem in sparking is after melting and carbonizing of insulation material of wall socket, secondary fault including combustion and short circuit may happen directly (Techakittiroj, 2008).
The inductance of the wall sockets will result in creating sparks. When the outlet is unplugged, the inductance in the distributed system resists the change in the current. The path for the current has to be created and it is only active when the socket is unplugged. The rising voltage appears mainly at the outlet terminal and the major concern is to reduce the voltage at the socket. By reducing the voltage, the electrical sparks on the contact surface can be eliminated and this improves the socket lifetime. A capacitor is used to absorb energy from the inductance where the voltage will be regulated by the capacitor. By combining a capacitor with an inductor will result an oscillation at the voltage terminal and prolongs the durations of high voltage at the terminal. A resistor is used to damp the oscillation (Techakittiroj, 2008). Figure 4 shows the PSpice circuit for analysing a socket outlet.
0 notes
colorfuljellyfishpirate · 4 years ago
Text
Trenpro Technology: quality standard for switch plugs and sockets
What is the quality judging standard of switch plug and socket? Switch socket is used to deal with electricity, so it has a great relationship with the safety of power consumption environment. If you buy a poor quality switch socket, it is easy to cause electric shock and fire. Look at the quality of American standard switches and sockets. First look at the appearance, the appearance should be smooth, and the material should be uniform. Look at which material is used and whether advanced plastics are used. Good quality switch sockets usually use PC because the material has some flame retardancy, insulation and impact resistance, and it is not easy to change color.
The quality of the switch plug and socket does not mean that the service life is long, so in addition to the quality, it also depends on the frequency of its use. The frequency of the use of switch sockets is standard, the national standard is 40000 times, some brands just conform to the national standards, some brands exceed the national standards, like the bull's switch sockets can be used 80000 times, is two times the national standard. That is to say, the service life of the same quality switch socket is different.
Electrical strength: when the metal panel American 1 gang 2 way switch is disconnected, an electrical attachment with a nominal voltage of more than 130V should be applied with a sinusoidal frequency of 50HZ2000V for 1 minutes and no scintillation breakdown may occur. Electrical accessories with rated voltage above 130V specified in the socket shall be applied sine wave frequency North 50HZ2000V voltage for 1 minutes. No flashover breakdown will occur.
What kind of switch socket is good when the quality and life span are quite good? It must be a high price ratio. Some people have always thought that the expensive is good, so the concept of consumption is wrong. The quality of the product is not rare, therefore, to buy the price is reasonable, in the quality, life and style of the same situation, the price can be considered.
Guangdong Trenpro Technology Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer specializing in R & D, production and sales of XLR Carnon socket, Carnon plug, microphone socket, audio and video socket, mainly engaged in electronic components, automotive electrical appliances from new products to production and assembly to finished products.
The current work is to conduct a design review on a multipurpose power socket for home application with the latest state of art features. Reviews are done in the areas of standard and codings, material selections, universal adapters, sensors and lighting technology. The standards for fabrication of BS 546 and BS 1363 plugs and sockets are essential for safety purposes. Together with selection of suitable material in production of plug and sockets, the occurrence of accidents can be averted. The invention of universal adapters was first coined by Rumble in year 1982 marks an evolution in the history of plugs and sockets. The main focus was to cater the different plug fixtures in various countries. Coupled to this, review works on the various types of sensors and lighting technologies is provided since it could be fused to the universal plug adapters for various applications. This paper then go on in proposing future works which could open new research pathways among worldwide researchers.
Light is an important element in human’s daily activities as it provides brightness in the dark. There are varieties of light source that are being adopted in today daily life such as fire, halogen lamp, fluorescent lamp and light emitting diode (LED) lamp. LED has been chosen as one of the most common lighting systems due to the advantage in energy saving, better luminous and it can be used for a longer period of time. Sensors is also focused in current lighting technology. Sensors will act as a residential 1 gang 1 way 16a light switch for Homes and only be functioned as it detects the gesture related to its specification such as motion or darkness. The usage of sensor in lighting system will further improve the efficiency of the system and provides an alternatives for energy saving.
The review works will start with a brief overview on the standards and codings implemented, followed by the types of material used on the development of universal adapters and their applications. On the other hand, different types of sensors and lighting technology will be discussed in this work. Last but not least, proposed future works will be presented which could help to open new research pathways in the future.
Standards are the regulations developed by International Standards Organizations (ISO). These standards act as the benchmark to be referred and used worldwide. Standards are documented to overcome differences among standards and technical regulations developed independently and separately by each nation or national standard organization. Codings is a set of rules that specify the standards that need to be followed to fabricate an object mentioned under the standard and codings.
Plugs and wall sockets are the electrical components that connect together to allow the flow of electricity and thus complete the circuit. Plug and sockets are invented in Britain in the beginning of 1880s and designed to have only 2 pins at that time. The official standards then come in when the idea of interchangeable compatible devices were proposed. BS 1363 is the British standards that is used in United Kingdom and mostly the Commonwealth countries. It is a type of single-phase AC power plugs and sockets that can support a voltage up to 250V and a variety of ampere such as 2A, 5A, 13A and 15A.
By referring to 13 A plugs, socket-outlets, adaptors and connection units, there are standards that need to be follow strictly in order to produce a marketable wall sockets with inspection on safety purposes. The sockets shall have marking the necessary information on the parts where it can be read and will not be easily spoiled.
There are specific safety requirements to be followed for BS 1363 wall adaptor. These can be divided according to 3 types of sockets which are 5A 3-round-pin adaptor, 12A 3-rectangulat-pin adaptor and 15A 3-round-pin adaptor.
5A 3-round-pin adaptors are referred to BS 546 as international standard. To design and manufacture BS 546, it must have protection from fuse-link conforming to BS 1362 together. Only an allowable current of not exceeding 5A is permitted for the operation of this adaptor. A 5A adaptor with not more than three 5A sockets protected by one 5A main fuse-link confirming to BS 646 or BS 1362 is permitted (International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2007).
For 12A 3-rectangular-pin adaptor, the fabricating and designing process should be based on the BS 1363 Part 3 standard. The 13A adaptor that has one or two sockets for 13A plugs conforming to BS 1363 Part 1 need not be fused. For multiway 13A adaptor that has more than two sockets for 13A plug conforming to BS 1363 Part 1, it should have a 13A fuse-link conforming to BS 1363 as protection. For multiway 13A adaptor that has one socket for 12A plug and another socket for 5A plug conforming to both BS 1363 Part 1 and BS 546, respectively, an appropriate fuse-link complying with BS 546 and BS 1362 should be used to protect the outgoing circuits through 5A sockets (ISO, 2007).
While 15A 3-round-pin adaptor is manufactured and designed to BS 546 standard. A 15A adaptor is protected by fuse-link matching to BS 1362. Table 2 shows the number ratings and the current ratings of the socket configuration of 15A adaptor (ISO, 2007).
The safety features of BS 1363 adaptor or wall socket is further enhanced with the usage of safety shutters. The safety shutters is used as such that when a plug is withdrawn from it, the white American power electrical double wall socket  contacts or the socket holes which carry current supply will be automatically closed. The shutters should be operated by mating the earth pin to the earth hole. The shutter for a particular socket aperture should not be able to closed the shutter for another socket aperture independently (ISO, 2007).
Figure 3 illustrates the standard dimension used in fabricating a BS 1362 type wall socket (Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org [SASO], 2010). The dimension of the sockets must be strictly followed to ensure that the plug will fit firmly to the socket when using it to avoid accidents to be happened.
In Malaysia, the fabrication and manufacturing of wall sockets must follow the information booklet of Approval of Electrical Equipment (Electricity Regulation 1994).This regulation is established by Energy Commission Malaysia under the Energy Commission Act 2001 [Act 610]. Under this regulation, a socket outlet is described as an electrical device that is fixed at a point at which wiring terminates. It provides a detachable connection with the pins of a plug and it has two or three contacts with a maximum current rating of 15A. Table 3 shows the standard codes of wall socket used in Malaysia.
The abbreviation of MS in Table 3 refers to Malaysia Standard, IEC refers to International Electrotechnical Commission and BS refers to British Standard. By ensuing the procedure of these standards, the respective vendor can apply for certification of approval for electrical equipment with SIRIM Berhard. Upon obtaining the certifications, the vendors’ product is labelled as approved regulated electrical equipment and can be sold in Malaysia’s market.
Material selection is important in the fabrication works of a power socket. This is to ensure that the socket produced is durable and safe for its user. The main components of power socket are made up of plastics and brass. Plastics are used as the casing and inner structure for the socket. Brass is used as connectors to hold the plug pin to allow the flow of electricity to the electrical appliances.
Plastics can be divided into two type of categories which are synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds and this type of plastics are mostly derived from petrochemical. It is made by building up from simple chemical substances. To ensure the plastics bonding are tougher, safer, and cleaner, polymers that build up plastics are added with complex blend of materials known as “additives” (Talbot, 1941). These include biodegradable plasticisers, flame retardants, and heat stabilizers. The grade of plastics used in socket manufacturing is mainly thermoplastics or thermosetting polymers. Thermoplastics are plastics that will not undergo physical or chemical change in their composition upon heated (Gilleo, 2004). Thermosetting polymers, on the other hand can melt and take shape only once. They remains in solid once they have solidified. There are few common plastics grade that are used in fabricating power socket.
Phenolic is one of the plastics used in manufacturing process. It act as a good electrical insulators and able to withstand resistance against water, acid and most solvents. It has low thermal conductivity and rigid at room temperature. The normal operating temperature limit for phenolic molding is 150°C, but grades are available which will operate at up to 200°C for limited periods. These properties allow it to be used in electric appliances industry (Black, 2010). There are two main production methods. One reacts phenol and formaldehyde directly to produce a thermosetting network polymer, while the other restricts the formaldehyde to produce a prepolymer known as novolac which can be molded and then cured with the addition of more formaldehyde and heat (Gardziella, Pilato, & Knop, 2000; Hesse, 2004).
Melamine formaldehyde, or melamine is another type of plastics that is used due to its strong and glossy properties. Melamine shows good resistance to heat, chemicals, moisture, electricity and scratching which makes it to have excellent molding properties in producing power sockets and plugs (Black, 2010). Melamine formaldehyde was discovered by William F. Talbot and patent was applied on 12 December 1936 (Talbot, 1941).
Another type of plastics that is widely used is polyimide. Thermosetting polyimide is one of the highest performing engineering plastics, with superior performance in applications under severe conditions. The properties of polyimide materials include:
high temperature resistance that have operating temperature of 315°C,
high wear resistance,
low thermal expansion,
good thermal and electrical insulation,
relatively easy to machine,
With this properties, thermosetting polyimides are used in various types of manufacturing industries including automotive, electrical appliances, aircraft and aerospace (Black, 2010). These materials tend to be insoluble and have high softening temperatures, arising from charge-transfer interactions between the planar subunits (Liaw et al., 2012).
Brass is the material used as the electrical conductor inside the wall socket. Brass is a material that is made of copper and zinc. Copper-zinc solid solution alloy or brass retains good corrosion resistance and formability of copper but are relatively stronger (Fungal & Brody, 1996). Brass is used widely in the socket manufacturing due to its properties and it is a cheaper material compare to gold. Brass is generally soft which means that it can be machined without the use of cutting fluid, though there are exceptions to this (Faraday, 1832). Brass is used in situations where it is important that sparks are not struck, for example use as a fittings and tools that near flammable or explosive materials. CL 15000 99.85Cu-0.15Zr or zirconium-copper is one of the brass used in fabrication process. It has elastic modulus of 129 GPa and fatigue strength of 180 MPa. The density of CL 15000 is 8.89 g/cm3 and it has a liquidus temperature of 1080°C. The electrical conductivity of 93% IACS at 20°C. CL 15000 can withstand a temperature up to 1080°C before it melts 93% IACS shows that it is a good electrical conductor. Another similar brass or copper alloy, CL 15100 shows a similar properties as in CL 15000. This alloy is called ZHC copper and the elastic modulus is slightly smaller (121 GPa), the density is larger (8.94 g/cm3) and the liquidus temperature is the same at 1080°C. However, CL 15100 is a better conductor of electricity with 95% IACS if it is annealed and 90% if it is rolled with volumetric at 20°C (Fungal & Brody, 1996).
The material used for doing the conductors inside wall socket but be able to withstand overheating. If the holders are getting hotter relative to time, there will be a risk of fire. The heating comes from the current which is drawn by the appliance and the resistance of the conductor. The plug pin will be inserted to or removed from the socket when using it. If the material wears too much, the holder may not be able to hold the plug pins firmly. Besides, the material used must be in low cost to keep the material and processing costs down.
The material used to fabricate an electrical wall socket is crucial in safety purposes. Failure of the material used may possess danger like electrical sparking. Types of plastics used must be a good electrical insulator to avoid the electricity to be channelled into area other than the socket holes that fit in electrical plug. Types of brass used must have good ductility to ensure that the holder of the socket will always mate with the plug pin tightly and allow electricity to flows through efficiently.
By selecting the right material in fabrication, problems like electrical sparking can be avoided. Electric sparking is an abrupt electrical discharge that occurs when a sufficiently high electric field creates an ionized, electrically conductive channel through a normally insulating medium, often air or other gases or gas mixtures. Faraday described this phenomenon as “beautiful flash of light attending the discharge of common electricity (Faraday, 1832). By rapid transitioning of electric field from a non-conducting to a conductive stats, it will produce a brief emission of light and a sharp crack or snapping sound.
Fire is one of the major disasters around the world and electrical fire is the leading type of fire in terms of occurrence rate. An analysis is done in China and the leading type of fault resulting in major electrical fires is short circuit (43.89%) while the second leading fault is loose contact accounting for 8.89%. The second type of faulty is more difficult to discover as it is always covered by some illusions including short circuits. A study to such fires also known as sparking was conducted by Zi-Bo, Man, Chang-Zheng, and Ming (2011). First, two different types of loose contact fault, contact area reduction and contact vibrations are simulated tested and the temperature and some electrical parameters of contact resistance are tabulated during the testing. With this results, the characteristic identification criterion for loose contact is proposed (Zi-Bo et al., 2011).
In the experiment, plugs and American style single 3 pin socket of rated current 10A are used under conditions of reduction and contact areas and contact vibrations. External heating temperature of 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C and 700°C are used to determine the characteristic law of samples. Apparently the plastics insulations of shells are melted and deformed while the metal parts are carbonized but there is no sign of melting and deformation. From the analysis results, it can be concluded that under fault over a small contact area, the plug’s terminal could reach a temperature of 300–400°C and the contact area between plug and socket can reach a temperature of 200–300°C. The major problem in sparking is after melting and carbonizing of insulation material of wall socket, secondary fault including combustion and short circuit may happen directly (Techakittiroj, 2008).
The inductance of the wall sockets will result in creating sparks. When the outlet is unplugged, the inductance in the distributed system resists the change in the current. The path for the current has to be created and it is only active when the socket is unplugged. The rising voltage appears mainly at the outlet terminal and the major concern is to reduce the voltage at the socket. By reducing the voltage, the electrical sparks on the contact surface can be eliminated and this improves the socket lifetime. A capacitor is used to absorb energy from the inductance where the voltage will be regulated by the capacitor. By combining a capacitor with an inductor will result an oscillation at the voltage terminal and prolongs the durations of high voltage at the terminal. A resistor is used to damp the oscillation (Techakittiroj, 2008). Figure 4 shows the PSpice circuit for analysing a socket outlet.
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