#54’sart

[samislosingtheirmind]

What the freak,, something something inserting season 17 into that thing I have that branched off from something one of my friends did ( FIIINNNEE I'll tag donut bfdi since he's technically in the corner,,)

[yael-things]

for the ask game: 64, 54, & 15!

omgomg thank u sm!!

What was the last movie you saw? Opinion?

i actually dont remember very well..... i sarted watching blade runner tho ! i think i was like 30min in. its pretty good but it kind of made me depressed cos of its dark future view yknow. like its v good and the point its making is awesome but im just not in the mindset for it probably xP

Have you ever dyed your hair?

never colored but i bleached it (?) once ! made it lighter i think

Whats the best dream youve had?

ohhhh this is a good one .not much of a dreamer as in remembering (i usually remember nightmares) ut i do remember a dream from when i was very very little that was like an addon for the game epic mickey and i was playing it with my brother, mickey mouse, my friend and oswald the lucky rabbit. also it was in minecraft

[rainyunknownllama]

LANA CC FINDS CATEGORY LIST- FEMALE SKIN LIST {Done, on Dec 21 2021}

First, I DO NOT CLAIM I MADE ANY OF THESE SKINS! I AM ONLY MAKING THIS POST. Also, I be restoring skins and their original photos in posts I will be making and adding to this list! Also, some of these skins should be under ALL ages but for some reason they fell under Lana female skin category, so they be on this list! THESE ARE THE SKINS I COULD FIND THE REST ARE GONE! 

1. Marshmellow Skin by Marshmellowsims: HERE 

2. Frozen Elsa Skin by G-Dragon Sims: HERE 

3. Orchid Skin by Sims3melancholic: HERE 

4. Lady Gaga Skinblend 2017 {plus eyebrows & clothing) by Monsternoirsims: HERE 

5. May Blues Skinblend {plus sim download} by EntertaingSimmer: HERE 

6.  Happy Holidays Skin Collections {different skins, in a collection and separate files} by TreeSimz: HERE 

7. Female Face “Disney Skin” Retexture Skin by Sebom {Naver download}: HERE 

8. Halloween Tattoos on Skin by 2sxy4usims: HERE 

9. Albino Skin by KaletheGrey: HERE 

10.  Estefania Skinblend by Pandelabs: HERE 

11. Followers Gift by EntertainingSimmer {ALL SFS link works} : HERE 

12. 2016 Lady Gaga Skinblend with Gaga’s Tattoos by MonsternoirSims: HERE 

13.  TS3 Skin #7 by Synestesia: HERE 

14. Palamas Skin by Melancholic: HERE 

15. Polly Skin by Melancholic: HERE 

16. Lush Skin by Little Noire: HERE 

17. Pearl Skintone by Melancholic: HERE 

18. Blanic Skin by Melancholic: HERE 

19. Monolo Skin by Melancholic: HERE 

20. Asian Skin by Melancholic: HERE 

21. European Skin by MissDayDreams: HERE 

22.  Jin Vein Skin {Non-default both genders} by Jin-Sims: HERE 

23. Freckled Berry By Brntwaffles: HERE 

24.  Kinemortophobia’s Skinblend & Realistic Eyes Set by Brntwaffles: HERE

25. Everything nice a berry friendly verison skin by Fairsteadsims: HERE 

26. TSB GALAXIES V1.6 by That Sims Blog: HERE 

27. Semi Doll Skinblend by Simutation: HERE 

28. Asian Skinblend by Tudart {mediafire link}: HERE 

29. Tainted Skinblend by Starza {mediafire link}: HERE 

30.  Warren Skintone V1 by Chisimi: HERE 

31. Rosy Skintone {Default} by sk-sims {dropbox link only}: HERE 

32. Angelina Skin by MissdayDreams: HERE 

33. Jane Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

34. Rosa Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

35. Marigold Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

36. Xia Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

37. Lella Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

38. Mari Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE

39. Jude Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

40.  Avett Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

41. Cora Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

42. Fyfe Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

43. Sofie Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

44. Hanna Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

45. Maisy Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

46. Angie Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

47. Ming Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

48. Mary Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

49. Anna Skin by Sketchbookpixels: HERE 

50. Edrea Skin by Chof- Pixls: HERE

51. Fog Skintone by T-Enebraenonmoriatur: HERE 

52. Milk Skin by T-Enebraenonmoriatur: HERE

53.  Puckerskin by Heijou: HERE 

54.  Vitiligo Skin by Simplykitsch: HERE

55.  Doll Face Skintone by Asksims: HERE

56.  Aino Skin by Verakasthethird: HERE

57.  Noir Redux by Theothersim: HERE

58.  Custom Sim & Skin by Maggisims: HERE

59.  Ivy Skin by CakeNoodles: HERE

60.  Vitiligo Skin by Devilishsimbrl: HERE

61.  Bittersweet Skin by Tenebraenonmoriatur: HERE

62. Starfruit Reupload by Kurasoberina: HERE

63.  Feckless Light Skintone by Tenebraenonmoriatur: HERE

64.  Tenko Skin by Inanokun: HERE

65.  Castanic Skin by Itsoceansecret: HERE

66.  Lithium Skin by Simsatmidnight: HERE

67.  Skin 9v2 by Ulito4ka: HERE

68.  Inuendo & Invierno Skin by Pills-n-Sims: HERE

69.  Nox Skintone by GolyHawHaw: HERE

70.  Birth 2.0 Special Skin by Pills-n-Sims: HERE

71.  Birth V 1.0 w Nose Mask by Pills-n-Sims: HERE

72.  Wolfie Skinblend by FreyaSims: HERE

73.  Teniskin Skin by Cakenoodles: HERE

74. Rosewater Skin (Clean) HD Skin by Kurasoberina {Click updated download link for download}: HERE

75.  Fresh Sart Skin by Tallsimmer: HERE

76.  SS Asian Skin by ShadowSimblr: HERE

77.  Alonzo Skin by Golyhawhaw: HERE

78.  Taylor Skin by SimmerAddiction83: HERE

79.  Chloe HD Skin by Littlenoire: HERE

80.  M.3 Skin V2.0 by GolyHawHaw: HERE

81.  M.B Skin by GolyHawHaw: HERE

82.  Nola Skin by Cakenoodles: HERE

83.  Dolly Skin by GolyHawHaw: HERE

84.  A Matter of Youth Skin by GhostbabyPixels: HERE

85.  Scarlett Skin by Pandelabs: HERE

86.  GolyHawHaw’s Cosmetics Skin: HERE

87.  FMNS Skin by ForgetmenotSims: HERE

88.  Dephry Skintone by GolyHawHaw: HERE

89.  Youthful Glow ND Skin by Pixelore: HERE

90.  BloodDrinkers Skin by Moonskin93: HERE

91.  GabriellabareskinV1 by Cakenoodles: HERE

92.  Catch Me If You Can Skin by NoodleSims: HERE

93.  H.I.L.D.I Skin  by Cyberryeezus: HERE

94.  Chester Skin Dark Tones by Cakenoodles: HERE

95.  Pity Party Skin by LLS: HERE

96.  Velvet Skin by Yoonhaon: HERE

97.  Skin by Simplychic: HERE

98.  Sketchmark Skin by Technicolourclouds: HERE

99.  Cakley’s Skin by TheOtherSims: HERE

100.  Wintersun Freckled by Itstraumhaus: HERE

101.  MS Skin by  Simply-one-hell-of-a-simblr: HERE 

102.  Devon Aoki Skin by MomoSims: HERE 

103.  WARRENS Skintone V1 (non-default) by Chisimi: HERE 

104.  Rosy Skintone ND by Sk Sims: HERE 

105.  Winter Elf Skin ND by Plumb-Barb: HERE 

Backups of some of these female skins: HERE

[dead-molchun]

Baccio Maria Bacci (1888-1974) Le sarte no 5, 1915 (73,7 x 54 cm)

[likarotarublogger]

“Le ragazze del molo” e Sarte avventura” di Salvatore Braca al Ventotene Film Festival di Loredana Commonara.

Domenica 31 luglio alle ore 22:00 il regista Salvatore Braca introdurrà al Ventotene Film Festival Com i suoi due documentari, “Le ragazze del molo” e “Sarte avventura“.

I documentari sono prodotti da Pandataria Film e regia, soggetto e sceneggiatura sono curati da Salvatore Braca.

“Le ragazze del molo” – Sinossi

Tutti sappiamo cos’è un’isola, ma non sempre abbiamo modo di riflettere su cosa vuol dire viverci e lavorarci tutto l’anno, per non abbandonarla.

In questo film documentario saranno le donne di Ventotene, “le ragazze del molo”, a raccontarsi. Sveleranno alla macchina da presa i propri sogni, i progetti, le difficoltà, le paure. Racconteranno il grande amore che da sempre le lega ad un piccolo lembo di terra circondato dal Mar Tirreno.

Sarte avventura è un emozionante documentario di Salvatore Braca, che è andato già in onda il 13 Maggio 2022 su Rai 3, Geo,

Nel 2007, quando la Romania è entrata a far parte dell’Unione europea, Elena è arrivata in Italia con un sogno: diventare stilista. Dopo aver fatto diverse esperienze nel campo del prêt-à-porter nel 2018 Elena si è iscritta a un corso regionale di sartoria. Un’occasione fantastica che ha rimesso in moto la sua creatività e la voglia di coinvolgere gli altri in tutto ciò che fa. Nella Scuola di Formazione per modelliste MAVECO di Rieti ha conosciuto molte colleghe Federica,Laura e Titty con cui ha condiviso le lezioni. Prima che le loro strade si dividano Elena lancia l’idea di fare tutte insieme una nuova esperienza a bordo del suo camper allestito più ‘’fashion’’ ma purtroppo per via della pandemia le ragazze dovranno dividersi ed Elena chiederà aiuto alle sue due vicine anziane Rosina e Jolanda, una sarta e l’atra cuoca del borgo medievale San Polo di Tarano.

https://fb.watch/eBful5muzG/?fs=e&s=cl

https://fb.watch/eBfy1ToqQL/?fs=e&s=cl

E come dice Elena: “Questa è la vita, lungo la strada ti offre sempre nuove opportunità, nuove amicizie ma, soprattutto – questo è proprio il caso di dirlo – nuove avventure!”.

Instagram e Facebook Sarteavventura

Hairstyle by Marilena Bãcanu

Dress by Elena Rodica Rotaru

Ventotene Film Festival sarà presentato da Letizia Trento la conduttrice del Ventotene fashion week.

L’articolo di @likarotarublogger

@elenarodicarotaru-blog

[isimsizobje]

18.05.2018 15:00 - 16:00

[18.05.2018 15:01:56] 473: Kaldigi yerden devam [18.05.2018 15:01:59] 473: Ilham geldi [18.05.2018 15:02:37] 233: Bence oyun şifrelerini filan yazıyor [18.05.2018 15:02:52] 896: gta vice city [18.05.2018 15:02:56] 896: tank yapma sifresi [18.05.2018 15:02:58] 233: Hahsjd [18.05.2018 15:03:03] 473: Hdhd [18.05.2018 15:03:42] 233: İnat etti gerçekten haha [18.05.2018 15:04:04] 896: inadim inat totom iki kanat bir insan [18.05.2018 15:04:09] 896: MI ACABA? [18.05.2018 15:04:22] 896: aciktim olum ya [18.05.2018 15:04:27] 896: en sevdigi yemek nedir [18.05.2018 15:04:31] 896: pattes kofte? [18.05.2018 15:04:33] 233: Makarna [18.05.2018 15:04:42] 233: Of pattes köfte olsa da yesek [18.05.2018 15:04:52] 896: mozaik pastasiyla yakin bir iliskisi olabilir [18.05.2018 15:04:59] 896: vallah be acili ketcapli [18.05.2018 15:05:06] 473: Tatli sevmiyo bence [18.05.2018 15:05:10] 896: tavuk mu koktu [18.05.2018 15:05:16] 233: Pudingci bu [18.05.2018 15:05:16] 896: donen tavuk [18.05.2018 15:05:20] 233: Hahsjd [18.05.2018 15:05:24] 473: Hdhd [18.05.2018 15:05:33] 896: baba raat ya [18.05.2018 15:05:34] 473: Dedim yatiya geldi diye [18.05.2018 15:05:40] 473: Yastik verelimmi [18.05.2018 15:05:41] 896: alisik bu performans olaylarina [18.05.2018 15:05:43] 233: Yastıklara otursa bari [18.05.2018 15:05:52] 233: Poposu üşüyecek [18.05.2018 15:05:53] 896: usutcek cir cir olcak [18.05.2018 15:05:59] 896: yaz cir ciri da hic cekilmiyor [18.05.2018 15:06:08] 896: pacalardan allah muhafaza [18.05.2018 15:06:12] 233: Hahshxd [18.05.2018 15:06:12] 473: Hdhdhd [18.05.2018 15:06:16] 896: daha da cirkinlesebilirim [18.05.2018 15:06:40] 896: dovmesi de varmis amanin da amanin [18.05.2018 15:06:48] 896: shine on you crazy diamond [18.05.2018 15:06:48] 233: Aa ben göremiyorum [18.05.2018 15:06:50] 233: Ne dövmesi [18.05.2018 15:06:54] 233: Hahsj [18.05.2018 15:06:55] 473: Sag kol [18.05.2018 15:06:58] 896: kendisi rihanna fani olur gkdkks [18.05.2018 15:07:14] 233: Ne yazıyor orda [18.05.2018 15:07:17] 896: baska dovmesi var mi [18.05.2018 15:07:27] 896: pink floyd sarkisi miydi sozu muydu [18.05.2018 15:07:37] 473: Sarki [18.05.2018 15:07:47] 473: In nakarat [18.05.2018 15:07:49] 233: Another brick in the wall yazıyomuş [18.05.2018 15:07:56] 233: Astigmattan göremiyorum [18.05.2018 15:08:03] 233: Serdar ortaç versiyon ama [18.05.2018 15:08:11] 896: we dont need no education sag kolda [18.05.2018 15:08:13] 473: Jjdjd [18.05.2018 15:08:17] 896: okulda onu kullaniyor [18.05.2018 15:08:37] 896: yavuz cetin be abi be [18.05.2018 15:08:40] 896: ne adamdi be [18.05.2018 15:08:46] 233: Hajdjdjd [18.05.2018 15:08:57] 233: Aa gerçekten shine on you crazy diamond yazıyomus [18.05.2018 15:08:57] 896: 68lerde genc olmak vardi [18.05.2018 15:09:20] 233: Türk rock tarihini ezbere biliyor mudur [18.05.2018 15:09:27] 473: Bence ergenken yaptirip sonra pisman olmustur [18.05.2018 15:09:30] 473: O tarz [18.05.2018 15:09:39] 233: O şarkı da baya güzel ya [18.05.2018 15:09:58] 233: Ama abi bi grup var baya iyi [18.05.2018 15:10:00] 233: Yeni keşfettim [18.05.2018 15:10:02] 896: seviyodur hala ya jfjdjd klasik rock [18.05.2018 15:10:04] 233: İsmi metallica [18.05.2018 15:10:05] 896: kim kiz [18.05.2018 15:10:07] 896: bnkdkdoso [18.05.2018 15:10:14] 473: Tshirtunu al hemen [18.05.2018 15:10:18] 896: aa hemen bakiyim [18.05.2018 15:10:24] 896: sofara cikmis diyolar kfkdo [18.05.2018 15:10:26] 233: Bak bi şarkıları var [18.05.2018 15:10:27] 233: Sjjdjd [18.05.2018 15:10:31] 233: Solosu inanılmax [18.05.2018 15:10:35] 233: Nothing else matters [18.05.2018 15:11:08] 233: Minik minik bakışlar [18.05.2018 15:11:17] 233: Cam çerçeve izlemeler [18.05.2018 15:11:21] 896: yazimiz bitti [18.05.2018 15:11:25] 896: essay yazdi sanirim [18.05.2018 15:11:35] 896: odevi de bitirdi kereta [18.05.2018 15:11:42] 233: Multitask bi insan [18.05.2018 15:11:47] 473: Aradan cikardi [18.05.2018 15:11:48] 473: Haha [18.05.2018 15:11:51] 896: cikar birazdan [18.05.2018 15:11:56] 233: Performansa girerim ödevimi yalarım [18.05.2018 15:11:59] 233: Yalarım değil yaparım [18.05.2018 15:12:00] 896: ay don sandim onu [18.05.2018 15:12:01] 473: Bence daha degil [18.05.2018 15:12:03] 896: allah seni fkdkks [18.05.2018 15:12:04] 233: Sjdjdjdj [18.05.2018 15:12:15] 233: Sahneye atılan donlardanmış [18.05.2018 15:12:21] 896: nerden buldun onu gkksos [18.05.2018 15:12:27] 896: annesinin cam silme bezi [18.05.2018 15:12:40] 896: ikinci odevi de bitiriyor [18.05.2018 15:12:51] 896: benimkini de yap len [18.05.2018 15:13:35] 233: Varoluşunu sorguluyor çabuk bakın [18.05.2018 15:13:46] 896: gecmisinde su an [18.05.2018 15:13:50] 233: Ne yapıyoruz biz ki ? [18.05.2018 15:13:52] 473: 42 geceden beri bizimle [18.05.2018 15:14:09] 896: hayirli ramazanlar bu arada karsim [18.05.2018 15:14:23] 233: İyi bayramlaar [18.05.2018 15:14:25] 473: Bilmez ramazan falan kendisi [18.05.2018 15:14:34] 896: ateyist bir kisilik [18.05.2018 15:14:52] 896: mahallemizde siradan bi gun [18.05.2018 15:15:10] 233: Bilimkurgu seviyor dimi [18.05.2018 15:15:12] 233: Kesin seviyodur [18.05.2018 15:15:20] 233: Oturup sohbet etmek isterim kendisiyle [18.05.2018 15:15:19] 896: oylar kime karsiim [18.05.2018 15:15:30] 896: cok fani degil galiba [18.05.2018 15:15:34] 896: fantastik izler ama [18.05.2018 15:15:45] 233: Fantastiko [18.05.2018 15:15:55] 896: gencligini harry pottera vermis midir acebe [18.05.2018 15:16:09] 233: Daha çok yüzüklerin efendisi insanı gibi [18.05.2018 15:16:11] 896: lord of the rings hissiyati da aliyorum [18.05.2018 15:16:18] 233: Ayynen [18.05.2018 15:16:20] 896: anlastik dostum [18.05.2018 15:16:24] 896: hangi karakter [18.05.2018 15:16:40] 896: aragon muydu [18.05.2018 15:16:45] 896: jonlerden [18.05.2018 15:16:50] 233: Aynen [18.05.2018 15:16:51] 896: onu sever sanki [18.05.2018 15:17:01] 233: Kıl bi insansa [18.05.2018 15:17:07] 233: Sauron'cu da olabilir [18.05.2018 15:17:13] 896: arada killiklari var [18.05.2018 15:17:16] 233: Kıl derken kova burcunu kastettim jajsjs [18.05.2018 15:17:20] 896: jdjdjsk [18.05.2018 15:17:24] 896: aynen :P [18.05.2018 15:17:47] 896: baya da kaldi masallah [18.05.2018 15:17:49] 473: Burda hayatin anlamini cozup gidicekmis [18.05.2018 15:17:55] 896: o kadar yol gelmis hakkini veriyor [18.05.2018 15:17:59] 473: Haha [18.05.2018 15:19:03] 896: geceleri nasil uyuyor acaba fkkdks [18.05.2018 15:19:07] 896: doncu bence [18.05.2018 15:19:18] 233: Sjjsjd [18.05.2018 15:19:20] 896: pencere acik pufur pufur [18.05.2018 15:19:29] 233: İçeriye hava sızar [18.05.2018 15:19:40] 233: Mis gibi [18.05.2018 15:19:51] 896: pis midir [18.05.2018 15:19:57] 233: Kedi gibi bir insan tam anlamıyla [18.05.2018 15:19:57] 896: carsaflari kac gunde degistirir [18.05.2018 15:20:02] 233: Ahhshs [18.05.2018 15:20:08] 233: Annesi değiştiriyodur [18.05.2018 15:20:10] 896: bi pantolonu kac kere giyer [18.05.2018 15:20:27] 896: bunlar onemli kriterler [18.05.2018 15:20:32] 233: Pis değildir bence ya [18.05.2018 15:20:51] 896: saclarini banyoda mi tariyordur banyodan sonra mi [18.05.2018 15:21:17] 473: Sac kremi sart [18.05.2018 15:21:32] 233: Saçlarına iyi bakmış bence [18.05.2018 15:21:33] 896: evet bukleleri belirginlesir [18.05.2018 15:21:37] 233: Kesin tarıyo [18.05.2018 15:21:44] 233: Taramasa bukleler olduğu gibi kalırdı [18.05.2018 15:21:52] 233: Taramaktan fiti fiti görünüyo [18.05.2018 15:22:00] 896: olabilir [18.05.2018 15:22:06] 896: baktikca da yan yan guluyo bakamiyorum [18.05.2018 15:22:27] 896: gozleri miyop muydu [18.05.2018 15:23:33] 473: Goz kontagi pesindr [18.05.2018 15:23:52] 896: ilgi istiyur yaa [18.05.2018 15:24:00] 233: Kedi yaa [18.05.2018 15:24:05] 896: 4 e kadar durma sakin [18.05.2018 15:24:10] 233: Açız oğlum [18.05.2018 15:24:19] 473: O yolda gibi [18.05.2018 15:24:20] 896: valla iki tane goruyorum [18.05.2018 15:24:38] 896: en buyuk fobisi ne acebe [18.05.2018 15:24:46] 233: Allah [18.05.2018 15:24:47] 896: boceklerden korkuyor mudur [18.05.2018 15:24:51] 896: fjmdkdkdk [18.05.2018 15:24:53] 233: Ahsjhd [18.05.2018 15:25:09] 896: zina [18.05.2018 15:25:28] 896: kitap oku bize barik [18.05.2018 15:25:35] 896: az etkilesim karsim [18.05.2018 15:25:38] 896: YOAAAAA [18.05.2018 15:25:39] 233: anladı [18.05.2018 15:25:40] 473: Goruyo mu ya [18.05.2018 15:25:46] 233: ANLADI VALLA ANLADI [18.05.2018 15:25:51] 896: Sen koca bir poncik prensin [18.05.2018 15:25:55] 473: Sana bisey yok 233 [18.05.2018 15:25:57] 896: olumune kankayiz [18.05.2018 15:26:01] 233: şakire çay yok [18.05.2018 15:26:04] 896: insan kayirmasa bi de [18.05.2018 15:26:10] 473: Hahaha [18.05.2018 15:26:29] 233: Hajshshs mahcup baktı ams [18.05.2018 15:26:43] 233: Belli ki yanında o kadar vardı [18.05.2018 15:26:53] 233: Karşim makbule geçti [18.05.2018 15:26:56] 233: Çok teşekkürler [18.05.2018 15:27:14] 896: daha oncelerde neden gelmedin bacim [18.05.2018 15:27:25] 233: Besle bizii [18.05.2018 15:27:32] 896: ac bi 90lar pop eglenelim [18.05.2018 15:28:20] 233: O defter kara defteri olabilir mi [18.05.2018 15:28:30] 233: Belki bizi ilerde ne şekilde öldüreceğini yazıyor [18.05.2018 15:28:32] 896: oldurecegi insanlar [18.05.2018 15:28:34] 233: Hahahs [18.05.2018 15:28:43] 896: onu su an burda karar verdi [18.05.2018 15:29:22] 233: Kedime benziyor ama cidden [18.05.2018 15:29:28] 233: Etrafa bakınması filan [18.05.2018 15:29:44] 233: Önümüze bir şeyler atması oldun [18.05.2018 15:29:46] 233: Olsun [18.05.2018 15:30:02] 896: djjsjs birazdan yuvarlanir [18.05.2018 15:30:04] 233: Öldrüeceği insanları planlaması olsun [18.05.2018 15:30:10] 233: Ahshxj [18.05.2018 15:30:26] 896: pis bakis atiyor korkuyorum [18.05.2018 15:30:31] 896: cikista gorusuruk kanka [18.05.2018 15:30:32] 473: Bana kitlendi [18.05.2018 15:30:36] 233: Ben size sorarım diye bakıyor [18.05.2018 15:30:48] 473: Tanidik almayin [18.05.2018 15:30:52] 896: cipil cipil [18.05.2018 15:30:58] 233: Skdjjdü [18.05.2018 15:31:01] 896: ariza tipleri hic almayin [18.05.2018 15:31:56] 233: Acıktık abim [18.05.2018 15:32:26] 896: birazdan 1. saatimizi doldurucaz seninle [18.05.2018 15:32:48] 233: Bu bir saatte bize insanlığı öğrettin [18.05.2018 15:32:52] 233: Sevgiyi.. [18.05.2018 15:32:56] 233: Paylaşmayı... [18.05.2018 15:32:59] 233: Allah sevgisini [18.05.2018 15:33:07] 896: vee [18.05.2018 15:33:10] 896: metallicayi [18.05.2018 15:33:30] 233: Shine on you crazy diamond en sevdiğim metallica parçasıdır [18.05.2018 15:35:24] 233: Charlie'nin melekleri gibi dizildik biz de [18.05.2018 15:35:30] 896: git ara bul getir [18.05.2018 15:35:47] 233: Şirin ama yaa [18.05.2018 15:36:09] 896: allam sen utandirma iyi insanlarla karsilastir tu tu tu [18.05.2018 15:36:15] 896: iyi bir oglumus [18.05.2018 15:36:48] 896: istedigi zaman cikabilecegini de biliyordur umarim [18.05.2018 15:37:25] 233: Az kaldı bayılmama [18.05.2018 15:37:35] 233: Peynir gibi eriycem şimdi [18.05.2018 15:37:44] 473: Oksijen azaldi [18.05.2018 15:37:48] 233: Hajajx [18.05.2018 15:38:32] 233: Karnımın gurultusunu hoparlöre vericem birazdna [18.05.2018 15:38:50] 896: bu da bir perf👍🏼👍🏼 [18.05.2018 15:39:01] 233: Yaptığım en iyi işlerden :) [18.05.2018 15:39:11] 233: Boşluğu anlatıyor [18.05.2018 15:39:14] 233: İçimdeki [18.05.2018 15:39:24] 896: bedenin yok olusunu [18.05.2018 15:39:54] 896: 21 dk sonra burayi terk et yegenim [18.05.2018 15:40:08] 233: 20 dk hatta [18.05.2018 15:40:11] 473: Saate bakmiyor [18.05.2018 15:40:20] 233: Biliyor mu acaba molamızın olduğunu [18.05.2018 15:40:32] 473: Yok onu onden soylemeliydik [18.05.2018 15:40:55] 233: Öğrenicek ama acı bir şekilde hahsjx [18.05.2018 15:41:09] 896: o da gelir yemege bizle [18.05.2018 15:41:16] 233: Gelsin yaa [18.05.2018 15:41:26] 896: suyunuz var mi [18.05.2018 15:41:27] 473: Iletisim de yasak [18.05.2018 15:41:34] 896: geldi bi de onu beslicem [18.05.2018 15:41:40] 896: farkli bi iletisim kurdu simdi [18.05.2018 15:41:47] 233: Ne dedi [18.05.2018 15:41:57] 473: Oruclu ablamizdan kalan [18.05.2018 15:41:58] 473: Vardi [18.05.2018 15:42:00] 896: su var mi [18.05.2018 15:42:05] 896: icti galiba onu [18.05.2018 15:42:07] 896: jfjdoso [18.05.2018 15:42:09] 233: Hhahsjx [18.05.2018 15:42:11] 896: masrafli biraz [18.05.2018 15:42:20] 233: Suyumuz yok yemeğimiz yok [18.05.2018 15:42:33] 896: olsa keske [18.05.2018 15:43:26] 233: Yani artık adada kalan son 4 kişi olduğumuza göre [18.05.2018 15:43:36] 233: Biliyosunuz ilk gözlüklüler ölür [18.05.2018 15:43:45] 233: Butları paylaşalım [18.05.2018 15:44:25] 473: Gururunu hic elden birakmadi [18.05.2018 15:44:34] 233: Helal olsun üstad [18.05.2018 15:44:49] 473: Hep basi dik [18.05.2018 15:44:51] 473: Yukarida [18.05.2018 15:45:20] 233: Abi [18.05.2018 15:45:24] 233: 15 dk kaldı zaten [18.05.2018 15:48:16] 896: egleniyormus hasbam [18.05.2018 15:48:20] 896: egleniyorsan eglendir [18.05.2018 15:48:30] 896: ortada mezdeke yapmanin zamani geldi [18.05.2018 15:48:36] 233: Hahahsh [18.05.2018 15:48:43] 233: Oturmaya mı geldi ???????? [18.05.2018 15:49:05] 896: sanirim fkdkks [18.05.2018 15:49:26] 233: 1 saati geçti galiba [18.05.2018 15:49:29] 233: Yoruldum [18.05.2018 15:50:36] 233: Kaç kişi çevirdik :( [18.05.2018 15:50:42] 896: valla tum enerjimizi sana verdik [18.05.2018 15:50:50] 896: somurdun bizi [18.05.2018 15:50:51] 473: Tukendi [18.05.2018 15:50:56] 896: suyumuzdan elektrigimizden [18.05.2018 15:51:09] 233: Ruhumu emdi [18.05.2018 15:51:17] 896: yatiya kalcak [18.05.2018 15:51:25] 896: annesinden izin almis [18.05.2018 15:51:30] 233: Hahahsxj [18.05.2018 15:51:38] 896: kendi de guluyo sapsal sanki okuyo [18.05.2018 15:51:46] 896: ne bilon da gulon [18.05.2018 15:52:02] 473: Bak o da bizi gomuyo cikrdi defteri [18.05.2018 15:52:09] 233: Challenge yaptı kendi kendine [18.05.2018 15:52:17] 896: yine bi seyler yaziyor [18.05.2018 15:52:23] 896: DAHIL OLMA LEN [18.05.2018 15:52:35] 896: ne koca kadini senin hakkinda konusuyoz delikanli [18.05.2018 15:52:51] 896: 100 dk kalabalirim challengei [18.05.2018 15:53:04] 473: Biz cikmadikca cikmaz [18.05.2018 15:53:10] 233: Yoruldum ama [18.05.2018 15:53:13] 896: yuzsuz [18.05.2018 15:53:20] 896: son 7 [18.05.2018 15:53:41] 473: Vaka mi simdi kendisi [18.05.2018 15:54:19] 896: kablolarla cik yazicam [18.05.2018 15:54:25] 233: Hahahxjd [18.05.2018 15:54:31] 896: yapam mi [18.05.2018 15:54:53] 473: Son 6 [18.05.2018 15:57:34] 896: koltugu kemircem [18.05.2018 15:57:51] 233: Benim midem kendi kendini sindirmeye başladı [18.05.2018 15:57:51] 473: Protesto eder gibisin [18.05.2018 15:57:59] 233: Şu an dışardaki kedileri bile yemeyi düşünüyoum [18.05.2018 15:58:12] 896: dondum kibleye actim ellerimi [18.05.2018 15:58:15] 233: Abicim lütfen [18.05.2018 15:58:16] 233: Hahsjd [18.05.2018 15:58:22] 233: Kaç dk oldu abicim [18.05.2018 15:58:39] 896: kedi cok lezzetli miyavladi yalniz [18.05.2018 15:58:42] 896: haklisin [18.05.2018 15:59:04] 233: Hahsjdıch [18.05.2018 16:00:17] 896: canlar kimin icin caliyor [18.05.2018 16:00:24] 233: Bizim icin

[tourquiaviajes-blog]

LA RUTA DE SAN PABLO

Los viajes de San Pablo

an Pablo realizó un total de cuatro viajes, tres misioneros y uno en cautividad, de Jerusalén a Roma, donde fue acusado y decapitado. La mayoría de las tierras visitadas por San Pablo durante sus peregrinaciones se encuentran en Anatolia. Las principales razones que motivaron a San Pablo a realizar estos viajes fueron las de propagar la fe cristiana, convertir a los habitantes de la región y en general predicar su religión. En estos viajes destacaron tres lugares fundamentales: Yalvaç (Antioquía de Pisidia), aquí San Pablo dejó de convertir a los seguidores de la religión judía para dedicarse a predicar a los idólatras de Anatolia. Éfeso, lugar donde más tiempo residió San Pablo (2 años), fue aquí donde encontró más resistencia religiosa de los habitantes, siendo expulsado de la ciudad. Mileto, aquí es donde San Pablo pronuncia su discurso de despedida a los éfesos. No hay que olvidar que además de sus viajes San Pablo enviaba cartas a las diferentes comunidades cristianas en Anatolia. Podemos reseñar en importancia las cartas a los gálatas y a los éfesos. Se considera a San Pablo como uno de los más importantes de los promotores y predicadores de la religión cristiana, por lo que para muchos grupos religiosos, la visita a los lugares que recorrió en sus peregrinaciones resulta una experiencia única y vital. No olvidemos que en general Pablo recorrió en la actual Turquía unos 1500 kilómetros, por lo que ante la imposibilidad práctica de realizarlos siguiendo sus pasos, hemos separado las rutas en varios programas, destacando los lugares de mayor interés e importancia y según el tiempo que disponga para ello.   DIA 1 Madrıd / Barcelona – Estambul Vuelo regular hacia Estambul. Llegada, asistencia en el aeropuerto y traslado al hotel. Cena y alojamiento.   DIA 2 Estambul-Çanakkale Desayuno buffet. Salida por carretera rumbo a Çanakkale, cruzando el estrecho de Los Dardanelos en ferry desde Trakya. Comida en ruta. Llegada y visita a las ruinas de la antigua ciudad de Troya. Homero inmortalizó Truva (Troya) en La Iliada, con las historias del Rey Príamo, Héctor, Paris y la hermosa Helena. Las excavaciones arqueológicas han revelado la existencia de nueve periodos de colonización distintos, además de las ruinas de las murallas de la ciudad, cimientos de casas, un templo y un teatro. Un simbólico caballo troyano de madera conmemora la famosa guerra. El antiguo puerto de Alexandria-Troas, fue construido en el siglo III a. de C. San Pablo lo visitó dos veces y así mismo fue un lugar de peregrinaje en su camino hacia Assos, durante su tercer viaje misionero. Tras las visitas traslado al hotel. Cena y alojamiento en el hotel.   DIA 3 Çanakkale - Pérgamo - Cıatırıa - Izmır – Kuşadası Desayuno. Salida hacia Pérgamo. Visita a esa antigua ciudad, en otra época un gran centro cultural y hoy uno de los mejores emplazamientos arqueológicos de Turquía. En la Acrópolis, los templos de Trajano y Dionisio, el monumental altar de Zeus, el santuario de Démeter y un gimnasio; se extienden sobre tres terrazas y el ágora. El Asclepion, situado al suroeste de la ciudad inferior, era un santuario dedicado al dios de la salud, Esculapio. En la ciudad visitaremos también el templo dedicado a Serapi, que constituye una de las Siete Iglesias del Apocalipsis, posteriormente convertido en basílica por los bizantinos (''Basílica Roja''). Continuación de viaje hacia Ciatria, en la actualidad es una ciudad moderna en la que podremos contemplar las ruinas de un templo supuestamente dedicado a Apolo, una vía de columnas y una gran iglesia. Salida hacia Izmir, visita panorámica de la ciudad, tercera en importancia del país. La comida de este día se realizará entre las visitas. Finalizadas las mismas, continuación a Kuşadası. Cena y alojamiento en el hotel.   DIA 4 Kuşadası - Efeso - Laodıkıa – Pamukkale Desayuno buffet. Visitas a la antigua ciudad greco-romana de Éfeso, verdadera cuna de los primeros cristianos. La llegada de San Pablo a Éfeso debe situarse aproximadamente en el año 54 de nuestra Era. Éfeso fue en su tiempo el más rico centro comercial del mundo. La ciudad, cuya riqueza y mecenazgo fue el soporte de su espléndido programa arquitectónico, estaba dedicada a la diosa Artemisa. La última forma de su enorme templo, varias veces reconstruido, data del siglo III. a. de C. y está considerado como una de las Siete Maravillas del Mundo Antiguo. Entre las ruinas están también el teatro, el gimnasio, los baños, el ágora, así como la Biblioteca de Celso. La ciudad cercana de Selçuk está dominada por una ciudadela bizantina que se eleva junto a la Basílica de San Juan, construida en el siglo VI, en el emplazamiento de la tumba del Apóstol. De allí nos dirigimos hacia la Casa de la Virgen María. Se dice que San Juan llevó a la Virgen María a Éfeso tras la muerte de Cristo, y que pasó sus últimos días en una modesta casita (Meryemana Evi) construida para ella en el Monte Koressos. La casa, ahora lugar popular de peregrinaje para cristianos y musulmanes, ha recibido la autorización oficial del Vaticano, y los cristianos celebran allí todos los años una ceremonia de conmemoración el día 15 de Agosto. Comida en un típico restaurante de la zona. Continuación de viaje hacia Laodikia, visita a las ruinas existentes pertenecientes a varios monumentos públicos, teatro y un gran estadio, cisterna en forma de torre y odeón. Finalizada la visita salida hacia Pamukkale. Llegada, traslado al hotel. Cena y alojamiento.   DIA 5 Pamukkale - Phıladelphıa - Sardıs - Izmır – Estanbul Desayuno buffet en hotel. Pamukkale es conocida como "El Castillo de algodón", por sus cascadas de agua calcárea petrificadas. Es un emplazamiento natural, mágico y espectacular, único en el mundo. Aquí conocerá un lugar de ensueño, compuesto de cascadas fosilizadas, antiguos baños terminales con alto contenido en calcio, que se han quedado petrificados, creando un paisaje único, con estalactitas, cataratas y depresiones de un blanco deslumbrante. Las termas se han utilizado por sus poderes terapéuticos desde los tiempos de los romanos. El centro termal con sus moteles y piscinas y las ruinas de la antigua ciudad de Hierápolis están situados en la meseta. De aquí partimos hacia Philadelphia, a algunas de las ruinas de la época, una basílica bizantina con un fragmento de arco y algunos frescos del siglo XI, en no muy buen estado de conservación. Continuamos viaje a Sardis, una de las más pintorescas Iglesias de la revelación. Las ruinas de la antigua Sart (Sardis), en algún tiempo la capital del reino lidio de Creso, se extienden a lo largo de las orillas del Sart Çayı (Río Pactole). El Templo de Artemisa y un gimnasio restaurado dan testimonio del pasado esplendor de la ciudad, al igual que la importante sinagoga del siglo IV a. de C., posteriormente reconstruida en el siglo III de nuestra era. Fue aquí en Sardis, el centro comercial judío más importante en aquellos tiempos, situado al oeste de la Ruta de los Reyes, donde se cree se haya hecho uso de la moneda por primera vez, en el siglo VI. antes de Cristo. Almuerzo entre las visitas. Continuación a Izmir. Llegada y traslado al aeropuerto para salir en vuelo de línea regular con destino Estambul. Llegada, asistencia en aeropuerto y traslado al hotel. Alojamiento.   DIA 6 Estambul Desayuno. Día completo de visita a la ciudad, (comida incluida): Hipódromo Romano, Mezquita Azul, Santa Sofía, Palacio de Topkapı y Gran Bazar. Alojamiento. (Para ver una detallada descripción del itinerario de este día haga click en nuestro tour: Clásico Estambul).   DIA 7 Estambul Día 7. Estambul: Desayuno y tiempo libre hasta la hora del traslado al aeropuerto, para volar de regreso a España o bien continuar su viaje por Turquía. Read the full article

[hudsonespie]

Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) & Convention for Prevention of Marine Pollution (MARPOL): The Ultimate Guide

The maritime industry’s most important concerns are the safety of personnel and prevention of marine pollution for smooth cargo transportation and marine operation at high seas. To achieve this, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) relies on its two very strong pillars: SOLAS & MARPOL – The International Conventions for safeguarding human life and marine environment from all kinds of pollutions and accidents.

What is SOLAS Convention?

The word SOLAS is an abbreviation and SOLAS full form is “Safety Of Life At Sea”, an international maritime treaty, also known as SOLAS Convention or International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), which establishes the least safety measures in the construction, equipment and operation of merchant ships.

IMO SOLAS 74, the last adopted revised convention of 1974, includes a number of regulations under different SOLAS chapters, which deals with safety precautions and safety procedures starting from the construction of the ship to real emergency like – “Abandon Ship”.  The convention is updated to meet the safety norms in the modern shipping industry from time to time.

This article explains the contents of SOLAS chapters and regulations providing a summary of SOLAS, i.e. different chapters of SOLAS and the regulations they carry. Marine Insight has provided links of various articles which will help the readers to understand how the regulation of the SOLAS Annexes is implemented on a seagoing vessel and the importance of SOLAS.

SOLAS 74 

SOLAS CONTENT:

The SOLAS 1974 international maritime treaty comprises of 13 chapters and each chapter has its own set of regulations. The Following are the list of SOLAS all 14 chapters and the regulations they contain:

The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 describes the requirement for all merchant ship of any flag state to comply with the minimum safety norms laid down in the chapters which are as follows:

Chapter I – General Provisions: Surveys and certification of all the safety items etc are included.

Chapter II-1 – Construction – Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations: Deals with watertight integrity of the ship, especially for passenger vessel.

Chapter II-2 – Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction: This chapter elaborates the means and measure for fire protection in accommodation, cargo spaces and engine room for the passenger, cargo and tanker ship.

Chapter III – Life-saving appliances and arrangements: All the life-saving appliances and there use in different situations is described.

Chapter IV – Radio communications: Includes requirements of GMDSS, SART, EPIRB etc for cargo and passenger vessel.

Chapter V – Safety of navigation: This chapter deals with all the seagoing vessels of all sizes, from boats to VLCCs, and includes passage planning, navigation, distress signal etc.

Chapter VI – Carriage of Cargoes: This chapter defines storage and securing of different types of cargo and containers, but does not include oil and gas cargo.

Chapter VII – Carriage of dangerous goods: Defines the International Maritime Goods Code for storage and transportation of dangerous goods.

Chapter VIII – Nuclear ships: The code of safety for a nuclear-propelled ship is stated in this chapter.

Chapter IX – Management for the Safe Operation of Ships: The International Safety Management code for ship owner and the operator is described clearly.

Chapter X – Safety measures for high-speed craft: safety code for the high-speed craft is explained.

Chapter XI-1 & 2– Special measures to enhance maritime safety: Special and enhanced survey for safe operation, other operational requirements and ISPS code is briefed in this chapter.

Chapter XII – Additional safety measures for bulk carriers: Includes safety requirement for above 150 meters length bulk carrier.

Chapter XIII  – Verification of Compliance

Chapter XIV -Safety Measures for Ships Operating in Polar Waters

Let’s take each Solas chapter in detail:

SOLAS Chapter I

In the SOLAS Chapter 1; General Provisions, Surveys and certification of all the safety items, structure, machinery etc. are included.

This chapter is further subdivided into 3 parts- Part A, Part B and Part C.

Part A contains 5 regulation which explains the “Application” of this chapter in different types of the ship along with the “Definition” of different terminology which is used in the chapter. The regulation may not be applicable to all types of a ship; hence a separate section of “Exceptions” and “Exemptions” is also provided.

All the SOLAS chapters cover a general basic minimum criterion which applies to seagoing ships, regardless of their location and nationality. It is possible that the material or appliances available in one country are not available for the ship in another country. An “Equivalent” Section is also provided to deal with such a situation.

Part B contains the important regulations informing about surveys and certificates seagoing ships need to have to be said compliant with SOLAS. For this, 15 regulations are kept under Part B. Regulation 6 to Regulation 11 provides details of different survey requirement on different ships, equipment, machinery etc. clauses on how to do the repair and what kind of surveys to go through.

Related Read: A List of Inspections And Surveys Deck Officers On Ships Should Be Aware Of

What is the Harmonised Survey System for Ships?

Regulation 12 to Regulation 18 explains the different requirement for certification obtained post surveys.

Related Read: 40 Ship Certificates and Documents that are Checked in a Port State Control (PSC) Survey

Regulation 19 – Control: This regulation explains the jurisdiction of local government a foreign ship is voyaging, such as coast guard, port state etc. to inspect the vessel for ensuring the safety of the ship. It also explains the step to be taken by the government authorities to notify the concerned (next port of call, owner, class etc.) and how to exercise the control.

Related Read: The Ultimate Guide to Port State Control (PSC) Inspection on Ships

Regulation 20 – Privileges: this regulation explains if the ship can or cannot claim any privileges depending upon the certificates it holds.

Part C of Chapter 1 contains only one regulation, i.e. Regulation 21, which explains how a contracting government can carry out an inquiry for the ship which was involved in an incident and causalities and what kind of information needs to be collected and to be passed through.

Related Read: 10 Important Things To Do During Ship Collision Accident

How P & I Clubs Work – Procedure for Accident Response

SOLAS Chapter II-1

Construction – Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations: This chapter of SOLAS Deals with watertight integrity of the ship, including the passenger’s vessel and comprises of 7 parts, explaining the requirement for structural, machinery, electrical, stability and other criteria for a safe ship.

Part A contains 3 regulations which explain the “Application” of this chapter on ships as per their keel laying. The regulations explain the “Definition” of different terminology which is used in the chapter.

Part A-1 comprises of regulations explaining the requirement for the structure of the ship including protective coating, towing arrangements, deck equipment fittings, construction and drawings etc. It also includes the regulation on how to provide access to different parts of oil tanker and bulk carrier and the structure access manual which contains the details of the structure including plans for means of access. Method to construct a ship which complies with the regulation for protection against noise is also included.

Related Read: Preparations For Emergency Towing Of Ship – 10 Important Points

Part B of this regulation explains the stability and watertight integrity requirement. Under Part B 1, the regulations (Regulation 5 to 8) defines the necessary conditions for maintaining the intact stability of the cargo ship and passenger ship. It also includes a requirement on the information which needs to be supplied to the master on the stability of the vessel explaining how to calculate the stability factors in different conditions.

Related Read: Understanding Watertight Bulkheads In Ships: Construction and SOLAS Regulations

Ship Stability – What Makes a Ship Unstable?

Part B 2 comprises of 4 regulations (Regulation 9 to 17) which takes care of the watertight integrity of the ship (both passenger and cargo ship) by enlisting the constructional and testing requirements of watertight and other important bulkheads, and the provision of the double bottom on ships other than tanker ships.

Related Read: How to Test and Maintain Cargo Hatch Cover of a Dry Ship?

Designing A Ship’s Bottom Structure – A General Overview

Part B 3 explains the requirement for the subdivision load line assignment for passenger ships.

Part B 4 of this chapter comprises of 7 regulations ( Regulation 19 to Regulation 25) for the requirement of stability management explaining the inspections, preventions, damage control drills, and information for cargo and passenger ships.

Part C focuses on different machinery installation in the engine room including the requirement of emergency installations in the passenger ships from regulation 26 to regulation 39.

Related Read: 5 Stages Of Marine Machinery Installation On Ships

Part D of this chapter (from regulation 40 to 45) focuses on the electrical installation requirement for cargo and passenger ships including the emergency source and arrangements along with electrical safety and hazards.

Related Read: How to Install Electronic Circuits on Ship?

How is Power Generated and Supplied on a Ship?

Part E clarifies the requirement for unattended machinery space under regulation 46 to 54 explicitly.

Related Read: Preparation for UMS Operation On Ships

Part F of this chapter gives the details about the alternative design and arrangement for the ship’s machinery and electrical system under regulation 55. It also explains the storage and distribution requirement for the low flashpoint fuel system.

Part G explains the application and requirements as per the regulation 56 and 57 for the ships using low flash point fuels.

Related Read: How to select Marine Fuel Oil and Factors Necessary for Fuel Oil System

SOLAS Chapter II-2

Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction: This chapter elaborates the means and measure for fire protection in accommodation, cargo spaces and engine room for the passenger, cargo and tanker ship. This chapter is divided into 7 parts, explaining the various requirement for fire safety system installed on a ship.

Part A contains regulations 1 to 3 which explains the “Application” of this chapter on ships construction date and the regulations also explains the “Definition” of different terminology which is used in the chapter and the objective and functional requirement of this chapter.

Part B of this chapter specifies the requirement to prevent fire and explosion on cargo ship including tankers. It has 3 regulations from Regulation 4 to regulation 6; Regulation 4 giving the details of how to prevent the ignition of a combustible source present on ships including the limitations and arrangements on the use of fuel and lube oils used onboard, and prevention of fire in the cargo areas of the tanker ship.

Regulation 5 laid down the requirement to curb the growth of the fire in different spaces on the ship, which includes cutting any one side of the fire triangle, i.e. to control either air supply, oil supply or the heat source (using protection materials like insulation, linings etc.) in the potential hazardous space.

Related Read: 16 Fire Fighting Appliances and Preventive Measures Onboard Ships

Regulation 6 of this part focus on reduction of hazards to human life from products which release smoke and toxic gases (such as paint, varnish etc.).

Related Read: 20 Hazards On Oil Tanker Ship Every Seafarer Must Know

Part C of this chapter comprises of 5 regulations (Regulation 7 to Regulation 11) and focuses on requirement to suppress the fire at the earliest, including detection and control of smoke and flames, containment requirements, structural integrity of the space to prevent spreading of fire and firefighting systems and equipment to be used on ships machinery, accommodation and cargo spaces.

Related Read: Basics of Fire Prevention Onboard Ships

Part D focuses on the escape of the seafarers or passengers in case of fire or any other emergency. Regulation 13 explains the various requirement for means of escape for different types of ships (cargo ship, passenger ship, RoRo ship etc.), equipment and systems which helps in escaping from the hazardous place etc.

Part E of chapter II-2 consist of Regulation 14 to regulation 16 providing information on the maintenance of the fire detection, fighting, and control equipment on cargo ships including tankers and passenger ships. It also explains the requirement for training and drills to be carried out on fire safety onboard ship. Regulation 16 focuses on the fire safety booklet which should be kept on board ship for all types of vessel.

Related Read: The importance of fire drills on ships

Part F of this chapter gives the details about the alternative design and arrangement for the ship’s fire safety under regulation 17.

Related Read: A Brief Overview of Fire Control Plan on Ship

Part G contains a special requirement for the operations which are carried out on the tanker and bulk carrier ships such as helicopter operation (Regulation 18) giving details of different constructional, safety and firefighting arrangements. Regulation 19 provides safety measures for carrying dangerous goods in a container, bulk, tanker or Roro ships.

Related Read: 16 Fire Fighting Appliances and Preventive Measures Onboard Ships

Regulation 20 focuses on ships which carry vehicle as cargoes along with passengers explaining prevention, detection, and containment of fire on such ships. Regulation 21, 22 and 23 are passenger-centric, describing the requirement a passenger ship should follow in case of fire incident onboard ship to save passenger and ship from a major accident.

Related Read: DNV GL: Enhancing Fire Safety On Ro-Ro Decks

SOLAS Chapter III 

Life-saving appliances and arrangements: All the lifesaving appliances and there use in different situations according to the ship type is described in this chapter.

This chapter comprises of 3 Parts. Part A contains 5 regulation which explains the “Application” of this chapter in different types of the ship along with the “Definition” of different terminology which is used in the chapter. The regulation may not be applicable to all types of a ship; hence a separate section of “Exceptions” and “Exemptions” is also provided. Further, onboard testing and production testing procedures are also explained.

Part B comprises of total 32 regulations (from Regulation no. 6 to 37) dealing with the requirements of life-saving appliances on passenger and cargo ships. Regulation 6 describes the communication appliance (Radio, Pyrotechnics etc.) used for safety and life-saving situations on vessels.

Related Read: What Are PyroTechnics on Ship?

History of Maritime Distress Signals

Regulation 7  list downs the requirement for the personal life-saving appliance such as lifejackets, lifebuoys, immersion suit etc.

Related Read: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Life Jackets on Ships

Regulation 8 to Regulation 11 contains the instruction on muster station, survival craft operation and manning, along with their embarkation arrangements explaining the different requirements.

Related Read: Liferafts on Ships: SOLAS Requirements, Safety Features & Launching Procedure

Regulation 12 specifically address the location of survival craft in a cargo ship (other than free fall lifeboat). Regulation 13 to Regulation 17 details on the stowage and necessary arrangement required for the lifeboat, liferaft, marine evacuation system, recovery boat on the ship and Man Overboard Operation.

Related Read: Types of Lifeboats Used On Ship

Regulation 18 lists down the requirement for line throwing appliances used on the ship. Regulation 19 deals with various training and drills requirement for onboard crew.

Regulation 20 applied to all the ships for operational readiness, maintenance and survey requirement of survival crafts and other lifesaving appliances onboard ship.

Related Read: Preparation For Safety Equipment Survey On Ships

Life Raft Repair Services and Maintenance Procedures: A General Overview

Regulation 21 to Regulation 30 tell about the additional requirement for passenger ship about survival crafts and all lifesaving appliances on the passenger ships, including drills for passengers onboard ship and helicopter operation in a passenger ship (ro-ro passenger ships of 130m in length should be provided with a helicopter landing area).

Related Read: Cruise Ship Passenger Drill Requirements Come Into Force On 1 January 2015

Regulation 31 to Regulation 34 tell about the additional requirement for cargo ship about survival crafts and all lifesaving appliances on the ships.

Regulation 35 to 37 contains various instructions for onboard maintenance, muster lists etc. and availability of training manual and other onboard training aids on the ship.

Related Read: Important Features of Muster List on Ship

Part C of this chapter gives the details about the alternative design and arrangement for ship’s lifesaving appliances under regulation 38.

SOLAS Chapter IV

Radio communications: This chapter Includes requirements of different radio communication equipment used onboard ships such as GMDSS, SART, EPIRB etc for cargo and passenger vessel. This chapter is divided into 3 parts; Part A, Part B and Part C.

Part A contains regulations 1 to 4 which explains the “Application” of this chapter and the regulations also explains the “Definition” of different terminology which is used in the chapter and the objective and functional requirement of this chapter. Further, it includes the exemptional requirement and the details of GMDSS satellite providers.

Related Read:  SOLAS requirement for Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS)

Part B consisted of Regulation 5 explaining the provisions of radiocommunication services and the identities of GMDSS by the contracting government.

Related Read: How to get a GMDSS Endorsement Certificate?

Part C insists on the ship-based requirement for the radio equipment and comprises of 13 regulations. Regulation 6 gives the details of radio installation requirement on all types of ship. Regulation 7 provides details of different radio equipment minimum requirement which are to be used on ships.

Related Read: What Marine Communication Systems Are Used in the Maritime Industry?

Regulation 8 to Regulation 11 provides the details of radio installation capability to initial ship to shore communications and alerts in Sea areas A1, A2, A3 and A4.

Related Read: Introduction to Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS) – What You Must Know

Regulation 12 lists down the additional duties of the officer on radio communication equipment during a watch.

Related Read: Obsolete-yet-Famous Marine Jobs: Radio Officers

Regulation 13 gives the details of the energy source for all the radio communication equipment including emergency reserve source of power and battery power.

Related Read: 20 Points To Consider For Handling and Taking Care of Batteries On Ships

Regulation 14 and 15 gives the details of performance standards and maintenance required to be carried out on radiocommunication equipment.

Related Read: Daily, Monthly And Weekly Tests Of GMDSS Equipment On Board Ships

Regulation 16, 17 and 18 provide the need for radio personnel qualification and different records and logs which needs to be updated in the ship log system.

Related Read: Important Points For Logbook Keeping On Ships 

SOLAS Chapter V

Safety of navigation: This chapter consists of total 35 regulations dealing with all the seagoing vessels of all sizes, from boats to VLCCs, and includes passage planning,  navigation, distress signal etc.

Regulations 1 to 3 explains the “Application” of this chapter on the safety of navigation and the regulations also explains the “Definition” of different terminology which is used in the chapter and the objective and functional requirement of this chapter. Further, it includes the exemptional requirement to be granted by the administration to a complying ship.

Regulation 4 and 5 lists down different navigational and mineralogical service warnings which are essential for a navigating officer for safe passage plan.

Related Read: Important Points For Dealing With Navigational Warnings On Ships

Regulation 6, 7,8 and 9 focuses on services such as the ice patrol service for safe navigation in North Atlantic, search and rescue services (when receiving distress alert from the ship), usage of life-saving signals and hydrographic services (for the compilation of hydrographic data and publication) by the contracting government.

Related Read:  IMO Collaborates In Worldwide Implementation Of Maritime Search And Rescue

Regulation 10 contains the details for the requirement of ships’ routeing system for safe and efficient navigation.

Related Read: IMO Adopts Key International Routing And Protection Measures For Bering Sea

Regulation 11 lists down the need of reporting system to contribute towards maritime and environmental safety, where the seagoing ship reports to the concerned authorised body.

Regulation 12 provides the requirement for Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) undertaken by the contracting government for safe navigation in the coastal area, channel, port vicinity and area of maritime traffic.

Related Read: What are Vessel Traffic Services?

Regulation 13 defines the role of the contracting government for an arrangement of establishment and operation of aids to navigation.

Related Read:  Why Virtual Aids of Navigation Are Important For Ships?

Regulation 14 lists down the minimum manning requirement and crew performance for a seagoing ship

Regulation 15 gives details of bridge design and procedures along with the arrangement of navigation systems and equipment.

Related Read: 30 Types of Navigation Equipment and Resources Used Onboard Modern Ships

Regulation 16 and Regulation 17 provides the need for maintenance of navigation equipment and their electromagnetic compatibility.

Regulation 18 gives the terms for surveys, approval criteria and performance standard of navigational equipment and system including VDR.

Related Read: What Marine Communication Systems Are Used in the Maritime Industry?

Regulation 19 provides the requirement for carrying a navigational system and equipment onboard ship as per the date of construction and also as per the capacity of the vessel in gross tonnage. It also explains the requirement for Long Range Identification and Tracking of Ships.

Related Read: The Long Range Tracking and Identification (LRIT) System: Tracking and Monitoring Ships

Regulation 20 explains the requirement for Voyage Data Recorder on ships for assisting in causality investigations.

Related Read: Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) on a Ship Explained

Regulation 21 provides the details of the International Code of Signals which a radio installation on a ship should carry.

Regulation 22 talks about the visibility requirement from the ships’ bridge window and Regulation 23 explains the pilot transfer arrangement.

Related Read:  Important Pilot Transfer Arrangements And SOLAS Requirements For Ships

Regulation 24 explains the use of heading and track control system when the ship is in restricted visibility or high traffic area.

Related Read: 10 Important Points Ship’s Officer On Watch Should Consider During Restricted Visibility

Regulation 25 and 26 lists down the regulatory requirement for the electrical power source, testing, and drills for steering gear systems.

Related Read: Procedure of Testing Steering Gears on Ship

Regulation 27 talks about the nautical charts and publication available onboard ship for passage and voyage.

Related Read: Understanding the Principles of Passage Planning

Regulation 28 provides the details of records to be kept for all the navigational activities by ship’s navigation officer.

Related Read: Different Entries To Be Made In Bridge Log Book of The Ship

Regulation 29 insist on the requirement for the ship’s officer to understand different life-saving signals used in distress. Regulation 30 lists the operational limitations of passenger ships regarding safe navigation.

Regulation 31, 32, 33 and 34 contain a requirement for the master of the ship on how to act in a dangerous situation by sending danger message (while encountering any dangerous navigation situation to the contracting government using a message or International code of Signal. It also includes the type of information which needs to be sent to the authorities.

Further, the regulation also explains the obligations/ procedures on providing assistance to the ship in danger and how to avoid such a situation which can become a danger. Regulation 35 strictly prohibits the use of distress signal for any other purpose other than explains in the above regulations.

Related Read: What is the Responsibility of the Master after Abandoning a Ship?

SOLAS Chapter VI 

Carriage of Cargoes and Oil Fuel: This chapter defines storage and securing of different types of cargo and containers, but does not include oil and gas cargo. This chapter is further divided into 3 parts; Part A, Part B, and Part C.

Part A contains regulations 1 to Regulation 5. Regulation 1 explains the “Application” of this chapter and also explains the “Definition” of different terminology which is used in the chapter and the requirements to carry the solid cargo other than grain.

Regulation 2 tells about the information exchange to be done between the shipper and the master on the type of cargo being loaded.

Related Read: What is Ship-Shore Interface Management in the Shipping World?

Regulation 3 explains the need for Oxygen analyzer and other gas detection equipment for monitoring of those solid cargoes which emits toxic or flammable gases.

Regulation 4 describes the details of using pesticides on ship done for fumigation purpose.

Regulation 5 provides the information on stowing and securing of the cargo. It also lists down the requirement of MSDS for oil fuel carried on board ship. Further, it explains the requirement to prohibit the mixing of bulk liquid cargo and production process during sea voyages.

Related Read: Material Safety Data Sheet or MSDS Used on Ships

Part B of this chapter list down the special provision for carrying solid bulk cargoes and it consist of Regulation 6 and 7 which explains the procedure to accept a shipment and how to load, unload the stow such cargo.

Related Read: 9 Common Hazards Of Bulk Cargo On Ships

Part C focuses on the requirement for carriage of grains under Regulation 8 and 9 which provides the definitions of International Grain Code and other essential terms related to grains ailing with the criteria to carry grain cargoes on the ship.

Related Read: 23 Important Maritime Codes Used in the Shipping Industry

Solas Chapter VII

Carriage of dangerous goods: Defines the International Maritime Goods Code for storage and transportation of dangerous goods. This chapter is further divided into 4 parts; Part A, Part B, Part C and Part D.

Part A is provided with information on the carriage of dangerous goods in the packaged form under 7 regulations. Regulation 1, 2 and 3 explain the “Application” of this chapter and also explains the “Definition” of different terminology which is used in the chapter along with the requirements to carry dangerous goods in the packaged form.

Related Read: 8 Things Deck Officers Must Know While Handling Packaged IMDG Cargo

Regulation 7 is dedicated for Carriage of dangerous goods in a solid bulk form defining the terms used under this regulation along with the application of the terms. It further explains the documentation and stowage with segregation requirement for such type of cargoes. The reporting of the incident and other condition related to the dangerous goods carried in solid bulk form is also provided.

Related Read: A Guide To HAZMAT Cargo Loading On Ships

Part B of this chapter explains the details about construction and equipment for carrying dangerous liquid chemical in bulk. Regulation 8, 9 and 10 explain the Definition” of different terminology which is used in the chapter and “Application” of this chapter along with the requirements for chemical tankers which carry such cargoes.

Related Read: A Guide To Plan Stowage On Chemical Tankers

Part C of this chapter explains the details about construction and equipment for carrying liquified gas in bulk as cargo. Regulation 11, 12 and 113 tells the Definitions of different terminology which are used in the chapter and “Application” of gas ships along with the requirements for gas tankers which carry such cargoes.

SOLAS Chapter VIII 

Nuclear ships: The code of safety for the nuclear-propelled ship is stated in this chapter.

This chapter consists of 12 regulations explaining the application, exemptions, approvals, and requirement (for reactor installations), Safety against radiation, safety assessment, operating manual, surveys and certifications, Controlling authority and steps in case of any causality due to radiation etc.

Related Read:  Understanding Nuclear Marine Propulsion

SOLAS Chapter IX

Management for the Safe Operation of Ships

The International Safety Management code for ship owner and the operator is described clearly. Regulation 1 and 2 of this chapter explains the details about the “Application” of SOLAS Chapter 9 and also explains the “Definition” of different terminology which is used in the chapter.

Regulation 3 provides the requirement to comply with the ISM code followed by important certifications in Regulation 4, which includes DOC, SMC etc.

Related Read: How is ISM Code Implemented On Ships?

Regulation 5 and Regulation 6 list down the maintenance of conditions and verification & control respectively.

Related Read: What Is Safety Management System (SMS) On Ships?

SOLAS Chapter X

Safety measures for high-speed craft

This chapter is dedicated to high-speed crafts only, explaining the safety requirements and comprises of 3 regulations interpreting the Definitions of different terminology which are used in the chapter and “Application” of high-speed craft along with the requirements for high-speed crafts.

Related Read: Boats with a Difference: The High-Speed Crafts

SOLAS Chapter XI

This chapter is divided into two sections.

Section one, i.e. Chapter XI -1 deal with the Special measures to enhance maritime safety which includes Special and Enhanced survey for safe operation. The second section of this SOLAS  chapter which is Chapter XI-2 list down the regulations for special rules to improve maritime security.

Chapter XI-1 consist of 7 regulations. Regulation 1 provides information about the authorization of a recognised organisation. Regulation 2 compiles the requirements for the enhanced survey for bulk carriers and oil tankers along with the harmonization of survey periods of ships which are not subjected to the ESP code.

Related Read: What is the Enhanced Survey Programme (ESP)?

Regulation 3 provides the details of the ship identification number and company cum owner identification number.

Related Read:  Automatic Identification System (AIS): Integrating and Identifying Marine Communication Channels

Regulation 4 explains the role of Port state control on operational requirements.

Regulation 5 deals with the continuous synopsis record which is provided onboard as a historical overview of the ship information.

Related Read: What is Continuous Synopsis Record (CSR) of Ships?

Regulation 6 specifies the additional requirement for the investigation of marine causality and incidents.

Related Read: A Seafarer’s Role in Collecting Evidence During Maritime Accidents

Regulation 7 tells about the requirement for atmosphere testing instrument for enclosed spaces for measuring oxygen, flammable gases, H2S, Carbon mono oxide etc.

Related Read: IMO: Enclosed Space Ship Safety Rule Enters Into Force

Chapter XI-2 deals with maritime security measures which all the parties involved in a maritime trade need to follow; i.e. ship, port, ship owner, contracting government and authorities. This SOLAS chapter consists of 13 regulations, and Regulation 1 and 2 explain the Definition” of different terminology which is used in the chapter and the details about the “Application” of this chapter.

Regulation 3 focuses on the contracting government stating their obligation towards maritime security.

Regulation 4 lists down the requirement for companies and ships on how to comply with the ISPS code followed by Regulation 5 which deals with the specific responsibility of the companies towards maritime security.

Related Read: The ISPS Code For Ships – An Essential Quick Guide

Regulation 6 specifies the vital requirement for all seagoing ship about the Ship Security Alert System (SSAS).

Related Read: What is Ship Security Alert System (SSAS)?

Regulation 7 deals with the threats to the vessels which needs to be set as a security level by the contracting governments.

Related Read: What Are The Security Levels Under ISPS Code?

Regulation 8 lists down the discretion for the master for taking account of ship safety and security.

Regulation 9 explains about the compliance and control measures that a ship should exhibit in port and regulation 10  states the relevant requirements for port facilities under ISPS code.

Related Read: 10 Ways to Enhance Ship Security

Regulation 11 and 12 talks about the alternative and equivalent security arrangement by the contracting government and administration.

Regulation 13 deals with the different information that needs to be communicated to the ship and ship manager.

Related Read: What is Ship Security Assessment (SSA)?

SOLAS Chapter XII

Additional safety measures for bulk carriers: This chapter Includes safety requirement for above 150 meters length bulk carrier. It consists of 14 regulations.

Regulation 1,2 and 3 gives details about the “Definition” of different terminology which are used in the chapter and the details about the “Application” of this chapter, followed by the implementation schedule for the survey as per the date of construction.

Regulation 4 The damage stability requirements for bulk carriers are explained in this regulation.

Related Read: Ship Stability: Damaged Stability of Ships

Regulation 5 & 6 provides the details of structural strength and other structural requirements for bulk carrier ship.

Related Read: Understanding Design Of Bulk Carriers

Regulation 7 deals with the surveys and maintenance requirements of the bulk carriers followed by Regulation 8 which explains the information on compliance for bulk carriers.

Related Read: 9 New Aspects of IACS Harmonised Common Structural Rules (CSR) For Ships

Regulation 9 focuses on those bulk carrier ships which are unable to comply with regulation 4 because of the designing of cargo holds. Regulation 10 lists down the requirement for declaring the solid bulk cargo density.

Regulation 11 provides details about the loading instruments used for cargo loading on bulk carrier ships.

Related Read: 11 Steps to Enhance Safety of Bulk Carrier Ships

Regulation 12 lists down the terms for having water ingress alarm in holds, ballast space and other dry spaces in a bulk carrier ship.

Regulation 13 applies to all the bulk carriers regardless of their date of construction and explains the necessity of pumping systems to drain the ballast tanks.

Related Read: A Guide To Ballast Tanks On Ships

Regulation 14 focuses on the restrictions towards the bulk carrier ships from sailing with an empty cargo hold.

Related Read: 9 Common Hazards Of Bulk Cargo On Ships

Apart from the above SOLAS 12 Chapters, the below two are considered to be SOLAS new chapters which were added in recent years.

SOLAS Chapter XIII 

Verification of Compliance: This chapter was adopted on 22 May 2014 which requires all the Contracting Party to undergo periodic audits by the approved organization following the audit standard to verify compliance with and implementation of the present Convention.

This chapter consists of regulation 1 to regulation 3 explaining the “Definition” of different terminologies which are used in the chapter and the details about the “Application” of this chapter, followed by the verification system for contracting government.

Related Read: Mandatory Audits And Other Amendments Enter Into Force On 1 January 2016

SOLAS Chapter XIV

Safety Measures for Ships Operating in Polar Waters – As the name suggest, the SOLAS chapter 14 deals with the ships that intend to operate within the Arctic and Antarctic areas and need to carry Polar Ship Certificate.

This  Code entered into force on 1 January 2017 and explains the shipowners and ship managers about the steps to be taken to have their ships in compliance within the different categories. This is one of the latest chapter introduced within SOLAS in 2017.

It comprises of 4 Regulations starting from regulation 1 & 2 which gives the details about the definitions of the terminology used in this chapter and application of this code.

Related Read: The IMO Polar Code In Force, Beginning 1 January 2017: How To Comply

Regulation 3 explains the requirements for ships to which this chapter applies followed by regulation 4 which suggest the terms for alternative design and arrangement for vessels sailing in Arctic and Antarctic areas.

MARPOL 73/78

Just like SOLAS, which regulates the shipping industry to follow minimum standards to safeguard life at sea. MARPOL is another important convention which safeguards the marine environment against ship pollution. MAPOL and SOLAS are considered to be two effective safety and environmental protection tools of IMO.

MARPOL 73/78, since it came into force in 1973 and later revised by the protocol in 1978, ensures that shipping remains the least environmentally damaging modes of transport. It clearly highlights the points to ensure that the marine environment is preserved by the elimination of pollution by all harmful substance which can be discharged from the ship.

Related Read: 5 Instruments of International Maritime Organization (IMO) Every Seafarer Should Know

This marine environmental convention consists of six implemented annexes for controlling and eliminating of marine pollution.

Image Credits: ghanaports.gov.gh

They are as follows:

Annex I:  Regulation for prevention of pollution by oil (October 1983).

Annex II: Regulations for control of pollution by Noxious Liquid Substance in bulk (April 1987).

Annex III: Regulation for prevention of pollution by harmful substance carried at sea in packaged form (July 1992).

Annex IV: Regulation for prevention of pollution by sewage from ships (Sep 2003).

Annex V: Regulation for prevention of pollution by Garbage from ships (Dec 1998).

Annex VI: Regulation for prevention of Air pollution from ships (May 2005).

They are as follows:

MARPOL Annex I

Regulation for the prevention of pollution by oil (October 1983).

This regulation was adopted on 2nd October 1983 to control and prevent any oil discharge from ship intentionally or accidentally. It comprises of 11 chapters which together contains 47 Regulations.

Chapter 1 gives a general description about MARPOL ANNEX I and consists of 5 regulations which explain the “Application” of this chapter in different types of the ship along with the “Definition” of different terminologies which are used in the chapter. The regulation may not apply to all types of ship hence a separate section of “Exceptions” and “Exemptions” is also provided. It also explains the condition where an administrator may allow alternative fittings, materials, appliances etc. to be installed on ships to fulfil this annex.

Chapter 2 deals with Surveys and Certifications requirement for all oil tanker ships of 150GT and other sips of 400 GT. And comprises of 5 regulations.

Related Read: How to Get Dangerous Cargo Endorsement Certificate?

Regulation 6 describes the requirement for different surveys to comply with MARPOL annex 1.

Regulation 7 provides the terms to issue or endorse the IOPP certificate to the ship post successful survey by the appropriate administration. Regulation 8 also describes how to issue or endorse the certificates by another contracting government, followed by Regulation 9 which tell the form of the certificate including languages such as English or official language of issuing country.

Regulation 10 explains the duration and validity of certificates and provide timelines for renewal of certificates.

Regulation 11 terms the authority of port state control under Annex 1 to inspect the ship for compliance.

Chapter 3 deals with the Requirements for Machinery spaces for all ships and list down the requirements under Regulation 12 to 17, so that the engine room and other machinery spaces are compliant with the MARPOL Annex 1.

Regulation 12 explains the requirement of storage tanks for oil residues produced on all types of the ship due to machinery operation and method to dispose of the oil residue. It further provides details to protect the fuel oil tanks for ships having fuel oil capacity 600m3 and above.

Related Read: List of Important Tanks on a Ship

Regulation 13 describes the requirement for standard discharge connection on a ship to dispose of oil residue from sludge and bilge tanks.

Regulation 14 The requirements of oil filtration equipment onboard ship for discharging engine room bilges or ballast water from fuel oil tanks is given in this regulation, followed by Regulation 15 which restricts the discharge of treated bilges in special areas.

Related Read: An Overview Of Sludge And Bilge Management Onboard Ships

Regulation 16 explains the requirement of segregating oil and water ballast which is carried in the fuel tank of the ship.

Related Read: A Guide To Ballast Tanks On Ships

Regulation 17 lists down the need for a compliant oil record book for machinery space in oil tankers of 150GT and above and other ships of 400 GT and above.

Chapter 4. deals with the Requirements of Cargo areas in an oil tanker ship listing down various regulation (Regulation 18 to 36).

Chapter 5 describes how to prevent pollution which can arise from an oil pollution incident. Regulation 37 which list the SOPEP or Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency plan provides the details.

Related Read: What is Ship Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP)?

Chapter 6 lists the requirement for the reception facilities to which the ship will dispose of the oily bilge/ sludge to under Regulation 38  providing details of the facility outside and inside special areas.

Chapter 7 provides the special requirement for fixed or floating platform to comply with Annex 1 of MARPOL with Regulation 39.

Chapter 8 deals with the prevention of pollution which may happen during cargo oil in between tankers at sea also known as Ship to Ship Transfer (STS). It comprises of 3 regulation from 40 to 42.

Related Read: What is Ship-to-Ship Transfer (STS) and Requirements to Carry Out the Same?

Regulation 40 provides the scope of application for this chapter and Regulation 41 lists down the rules on safety and environmental protection during the STS operation, followed by Regulation 42 which tells the notifications which need to be provided by the ship to port state and all the other parties involved in the operation.

Related Read: 7 Important Points For Safe Lightering Operations On Ships

Chapter 9 carries the details for the special requirement for the use of carriage of oils in the Antarctica area with Regulation 43.

Chapter 10 deals with the Verification of compliance with the provision of this convention under Regulation 44 and 45, providing details of the application and the process for verification of compliance.

Chapter 11 list down the important requirement on international code for ships operating in Polar waters under Regulation 46 and 47. Regulation 46 lists down the definition for this annexe followed by Regulation 47 for application and requirement for the ships sailing in polar waters.

MARPOL Annex II

Regulations for the control of pollution by Noxious Liquid Substance in bulk (April 1987).

This Annex was adopted on 6th of April 1987  which deals with the control and prevent pollution due to the noxious liquid substance in bulk, intentionally or accidentally. It comprises of 10 chapters which together contains 22 Regulations.

Chapter 1 gives general details on MARPOL ANNEX II and consists of 5 regulations providing the “Definition” of different terminologies which are used in the chapter and explains the “Application” of this chapter in different types of ship (Chemical tankers etc.). The regulation may not be applicable to all types of a ship; hence a separate section of “Exceptions” and “Exemptions” is also provided. It also explains the condition where an administrator may allow alternative fittings, materials, appliances etc. to be installed on ships to fulfill this annex.

Related Read: Different Types of Tankers: Extensive Classification of Tanker Ships

Chapter 2 provides the details of different categories of Noxious liquid substance under regulation 6.

Chapter 3 list down the need for surveys and certification with 4 regulations from regulation 7 to 10.  Regulation 7 deals with the surveys and certifications needed by chemical tanker following the provision of the International Bulk Chemical code.

Regulation 8 details the need for different surveys for the ships carrying noxious liquid substances in bulk followed by issuing and endorsing of the certificate under Regulation 9. The duration and validity of the certificate are provided in Regulation 10.

Chapter 4 specifies the Design, Construction, arrangement, and equipment for ships carrying Noxious cargo in bulk under regulation 11, followed by Regulation 12 which provides the details of pumping, piping, unloading arrangement and slop tanks.

Chapter 5 carries 3 regulation from 13 to 15 for providing the details of operational discharge of residues of noxious liquid substances.  Regulation 13 lists the need for control of discharges of Noxious liquid substance residues.

Regulation 14 and 15 provide the details of Procedure and arrangement manual and Cargo record book which needs to be filled by the ships’ officers.

Chapter 6 which consist of Regulation 16 describe the role of government and authorised parties such as port state control on measures of control to check, survey and assess the ships to carry the cargo under MARPOL Annex II.

Related Read: A List of Inspections And Surveys Deck Officers On Ships Should Be Aware Of

Chapter 7 deals with Prevention of Pollution arising from an incident involving noxious liquid substance and consist of Regulation 17 giving the details of Shipboard pollution emergency plan for noxious liquid substances.

Related Read: IMO: Compensation Regime For Hazardous And Noxious Cargoes A Step Closer

Chapter 8 lists the requirement for the reception facilities to which the ship can dispose of the residues and mixture generated from noxious liquid substances under Regulation 38  providing details of the facility and terminal unloading arrangements.

Chapter 9 deals with the Verification of compliance with the provision of this convention under Regulation 19 and 20, providing details of the application and the process for verification of compliance.

Chapter 10 list down the important requirement on international code for ships operating in Polar waters under Regulation 21 and 22. Regulation 21 lists down the definition for this annex followed by Regulation 22 for application and requirement for the ships sailing in polar waters.

Related Read: How The IMO Polar Code Supports Safe And Eco-Friendly Shipping

MARPOL Annex III

Regulation for prevention of pollution by harmful substance carried at sea in packaged form (July 1992).

This Annex deals with those substances which are hazardous in nature and carried in packaged cargo. The identification of such material is provided in the IMDG Code. The MARPOL Annex III came into force on 1 July 1992 and comprised of 2 Chapters containing 11 regulations.

Related Read: What is Ithe international Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG)?

Chapter 1 gives a general details on MARPOL ANNEX III and consist of 9 regulations.

Regulations 1 & 2 explains the “Definition” of different terminologies which are used in the chapter and the “Application” of this chapter in different types of ships which are carrying Hazardous goods.

Regulation 3 & 4 lists down the requirement of packaging and Marking/labelling of the packages carrying IMDG cargoes.

Regulation 5 provides the details of the documentation which are needed by the ship which is carrying hazardous material under MARPOL Annex 3

Related Read: A Guide To HAZMAT Cargo Loading On Ships

The storage requirement and quantity limitations for carrying harmful substances in bulk are provided under Regulation 6 & 7.

Regulation 8 lists down the exceptions which a ship carrying harmful cargo in bulk can have under various circumstances.

The authorisation of port-state control on the operational requirement of ships carrying such substance under MARPOL Annex III is listed in Regulation 9.

Chapter 2 deals with the Verification of compliance with the provision of this convention providing details of the application and the process for verification of compliance under Regulation 10 and 11.

MARPOL Annex IV

Regulation for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships (Sep 2003).

Entered into force on 27 September 2003, this Annex focuses on prevention of sewage pollution from ships. It has 7 Chapters comprising of 18 Regulations.

Chapter 1 gives a general description about MARPOL ANNEX IV and consist of 3 regulations which explains the “Definition” of different terminologies which are used in the chapter and “Application” of this chapter in different types of ships. The regulation may not be applicable to all types of ship hence a separate section of “Exceptions” is also provided.

Related Read: MARPOL ANNEX 4 Explained: How to Prevent Pollution from Sewage at Sea

Chapter 2 list down the need for surveys and certification with 5 regulations from regulation 4 to 8.  Regulation 4 deals with the surveys to be done on ships implicated by this Annex. Regulation 4 & 5 provide the details for issue or endorsement of certificates by the administration and by another government.  Regulation 7 & 8 gives details of form,  duration, and validity of the sewage pollution prevention certificate.

Chapter 3 provides the need of having Equipment and control of sewage discharge from the ship. Regulation 9 under this chapter provides details of sewage system requirement on ships followed by Regulation 10 and 11 for having a standard sewage discharge connection to transfer sewage to port facilities and discharge of sewage at sea within and outside special areas.

Related Read: Sewage Treatment Plant on Ships Explained

Chapter 4 consist of 2 regulations (12 & 13) with the details of the reception facilities requirement. Regulation 12 provides the details to the government agencies regarding the compliance to have a reception facility and Regulation 13 lists down the requirement of reception facilities for Passenger ships in special areas.

Related Read: Cruise Ship Sewage Discharges Into The Baltic Sea To Be Banned

Chapter 5 which consist of Regulation 14 describe the role of government and authorised parties such as port state control on measures of control to check, survey and assess the ships under MARPOL Annex IV.

Chapter 6 deals with the Verification of compliance with the provision of this convention providing details of the application and the process for verification of compliance under Regulation 15 and 16.

Chapter 7 list down the important requirement on international code for ships operating in Polar waters under Regulation 17 and 18. Regulation 17 lists down the definition for this annex followed by Regulation 18 for application and requirement for the ships sailing in polar waters.

MARPOL Annex V

Regulation for the prevention of pollution by Garbage from ships (Dec 1998).

This annexe deals with the garbage produced onboard ships and ways to prevent pollution from the same. It was enforced on 31 December 1988, having 3 Chapters with 14 Regulations.

Chapter 1 gives general details on MARPOL ANNEX II and consists of 10 regulations providing the “Definition” of different terminologies which are used in the chapter under Regulation 1 and explains the “Application” of this chapter in different types of ship Regulation 2.

Related Read: ICS Publishes New Edition Of Industry Guidance On Garbage Management Plans

Regulation 3 lists down the details of the general prohibition on the discharge of garbage at sea followed by Regulation 4 for the discharge of garbage outside special areas.

Regulation 5 specifies the special requirements for the discharge of garbage from fixed and floating platforms. The requirement for discharge of garbage in the special area is given under Regulation 6.

Regulation 7 & 8 describes the receptions facilities exception and requirements including those who are inside the special areas.

Regulation 9 consist role of port-state control on measures of control to check, survey and assess the ships under MARPOL Annex V.

Regulation 10 deals with the need for Garbage Management Plan (GMP) including record books and placards.

Related Read: What is Garbage Management Plan (GMP) on a Ship?

Chapter 2 deals with the Verification of compliance with the provision of this convention under Regulation 11 and 12

Chapter 3 list down the important requirement on international code for ships operating in Polar waters under Regulation 13 and 14. Regulation 13 lists down the definition for the purpose of this annex followed by Regulation 14 for application and requirement for the ships sailing in polar waters.

MARPOL Annex VI

Regulation for prevention of Air pollution from ships (May 2005).

This MARPOL Annex deals explicitly with ways to prevent air pollutions from ships. It came into force on 19th May 2005 having five chapters with 25 Regulations.

Chapter 1 gives a general description about MARPOL ANNEX VI and consists of 4 regulations which explain the “Application” of this chapter in different types of the ship along with the “Definition” of different terminologies which are used in the chapter. The regulation may not apply to all types of ship hence a separate section of “Exceptions” and “Exemptions” is also provided. It also explains the condition where an administrator may allow alternative fittings, materials, appliances etc. to be installed on ships to fulfil this annex.

Chapter 2 lists the survey, certification, and means of control dealing with air pollution from the ship. It has 7 Regulation with Regulation 5 explaining the need of different surveys for the vessel having the arrangement to prevent air pollution followed by issuing and endorsing of International Air Pollution Prevention (IOPP) certificate and International Energy Efficiency Certificates (IEEC) in Regulation 6.

Regulation 7 provides the details for issue or endorsement of certificates by another party followed by the forms of certificates and statement of compliance related to fuel oil consumption reporting in Regulations 8 for both IOPP and IEEC.  The details for the validity of these certificates are provided in Regulation 9.

Related Read: Important MARPOL Amendments Enter Into Force

Regulation 10 terms the authority of port state control under Annex VI to inspect the ship for compliance.

Regulation 11 explains how the administration and authorised party can detect ships for the violation and how to enforce this annexe.

Chapter 3 deals with the requirements for control of emissions from ships and consist of 7 Regulations, starting with the details of ozone-depleting substances in Regulation12 such as in the refrigerant used on ships.

Related Read:  What are Ozone Depleting Substances on Ships?

Regulation 13 gives a brief about Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) with different Tiers  (Tier I, II and III) in and outside the emission control areas.

Related Read: What is Nitrogen Oxides or NOx air pollution from Ships?

Regulation 14  gives a brief about Sulphur Oxides (SOx) with the requirement for the quantity of sulphur in the fuel oil as per the year, in and outside emission controlled areas.

Related Read: What is Sulphur Oxides or SOx air pollution from Ships?

The emissions of Volatile Organic Compound from the oil tankers are taken into account in Regulation 15 providing the details to comply with the requirements.

Regulation 16 talks about the shipboard incineration operations and when the incineration is allowed.

Related Read: Construction and Working of Waste Oil Incinerator

Regulation 17 describes the receptions facilities requirements for disposing of ozone-depleting substance, residue from exhaust cleaning etc.

To comply with the exhaust emission requirements, proper fuel oil is made available to burn on ships, whose condition is described in Regulation 18.

Chapter 4 provides the Regulation on Energy Efficiency on Ships having Regulations 19 to 23.  Regulation 19 talks about the application of this chapter on ships of 400GT and above.

Related Read: How to Improve Energy Efficiency of Ships?

Regulation 20 and 21 provide the details of Attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (Attained EEDI) and Required EEDI.

Related Read: Energy Efficiency Management in the Maritime Industry

The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) requirements, which should be kept onboard, is provided in Regulation 22. Further, the requirement for fuel oil consumption data collection and reporting to the administration is also listed in this regulation.

Related Read: What is Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan?

Regulation 23 talks about the technical cooperation between different parties (Administration, Government agency, Shipping company etc.) to improve the energy efficiency of ships.

Chapter 5 deals with the Verification of compliance with the provision of this convention under Regulation 24 and 25.

Thus, SOLAS and MARPOL conventions stand as two solid pillars that support the maritime industry by protecting the most important issues – marine pollution prevention and safety of human life.

Disclaimer: The authors’ views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of Marine Insight. Data and charts, if used, in the article have been sourced from available information and have not been authenticated by any statutory authority. The author and Marine Insight do not claim it to be accurate nor accept any responsibility for the same. The views constitute only the opinions and do not constitute any guidelines or recommendation on any course of action to be followed by the reader.

The article or images cannot be reproduced, copied, shared or used in any form without the permission of the author and Marine Insight. 

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[elajyoti-blog]

Best Fertility Doctor in Bangalore | Dr. Vidyamani Lingegowda | Dr. Shilpa GB

The likelihood of achievement with IVF medications relies on various elements like the age of the lady, the reason for infertility, the nature of eggs recovered and the nature of the semen.

"The absolute most steady factor influencing ovarian hold is the lady's age. This is on account of a lady is conceived with every one of the eggs she will ever have. In most ladies in their 20s around 2/3 of the eggs are hereditarily typical or adjusted. Be that as it may, there will be some that are hereditarily strange or unequal. It appears that the best eggs are ovulated first. The more established a lady is, the less hereditarily adjusted eggs she has left to react to fertility drugs. This age relationship remains constant even in the ripe populace. At age 35 around 40-half of eggs are chromosomally ordinary, at age 40 around 10-20% and then many less after that. In this way, in more seasoned ladies less ordinary developing lives are accessible for implantation into the uterus. Henceforth, sound ladies more than 35 are less fruitful than their more youthful partners. Ladies 40 and over may have just a 20% live birth rate with Best Fertility Doctor in Bangalore utilizing their own particular eggs, despite the fact that few developing lives are supplanted into the uterus." Read more… – Gail F. Whitman-Elia, MD, MPH, HCLD

Understanding IVF achievement rates was at one time a best need for me, as quite a long time brought about either another negative pregnancy test or a spirit obliterating unsuccessful labor.

For those of you who don't have a clue about my story as of now, it wasn't until the point that I began treating my PCOS through eating regimen and way of life changes that I could fall pregnant in spite of a few past rounds of unsuccessful IVF medications.

Dr. Shilpa GB is a Consultant Gynecologist at Shanthi Nursing Home, Bangalore. She offers administrations like Ultrasonography, Lab Investigations, Pap spread, Infertility Work Up, IUI, Contraception, Antenatal Care, and Breast Cancer Screening. She finished MS from JJM Medical College, Davangere in 2005 and DNB (Obstetrics and Gynecology) in 2006. She additionally got preparing in IVF and Infertility from NUH, Singapore. Dr. Shilpa is a regarded individual from Bangalore Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (BSOG), MNAMS, and Indian Society of Colposcopy. She has various accomplishments amazingly, for example, GOLD Medal in MBBS, Gold Medal in OBG in 2005, and she has additionally gotten a cooperation in Maternal and Child Health, NARCHI. She is at present working at Bloom Clinic, Bangalore.

Achievement Rate: 51%

Administrations: IVF, IUI

IVF Package: Rs. 1,60,000

Area: J.P Nagar

Applying these confirmation based common medications is the thing that my free 30 Day PCOS Diet Challenge is about and it's completely ideal for anybody with PCOS who is getting ready to do IVF or some other kind of fertility treatment.

Given the business weights that Fertility facilities confront, they're continually going to show their prosperity rates in the most sparkling light conceivable. And except if you're educated up on probably the most widely recognized mix-ups individuals like us make, it's anything but difficult to wind up befuddled or deceive about what every one of these numbers really mean.

As somebody that has experienced more than what's coming to me of ovulation enlistments, egg recoveries, incipient organism exchanges, and all the testing and examining that accompanies it, I need to impart to you what I have found out about the genuine odds of IVF achievement.

WHERE IVF SUCCESS RATE STATISTICS ARE BORN

Some time ago when I initially started my exploration, I needed to know how effective is IVF and what number of cycles I expected to experience to have an infant. I additionally needed to realize what the odds were of IVF working the first run through.

These appear truly basic, sensible inquiries, however as any individual who has challenged dunk a toe of enthusiasm into the immense remote ocean of fertility treatment has discovered, these are intensely stacked inquiries and the appropriate response is a long way from straightforward.

As I before long found, pretty much every fertility facility, measurable information specialist, or online calculator announcing IVF achievement rates draws their data from one of the accompanying enacted sources where the appropriate responses are not generally as they appear (from a patient's point of view at any rate):

Dr. Chitra Ramamurthy is a Gynecologist in JP Nagar 6 Phase, Bangalore and has an affair of 37 years in this field. She finished MD - Obstetrics, and Gynecology from Bangalore University in 1983 and MBBS from Karnataka University in 1980. She is rehearsing at Bingis Heart Care and Fertility Center, Bangalore.

Being one of the celebrated IVF specialist in Bangalore she gives benefits In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Intra-Uterine Insemination (IUI) and so on.

Achievement Rate: 54%

Administrations: IVF, IUI

IVF Package: Rs. 1,00,000

Area: Jayanagar 2 Block

In the US IVF achievement rate reports are distributed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in a joint effort with the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART).

In Europe, the European Society for Human Reproduction (ESHRE) gathers and reports IVF achievement rate measurements from 39 nations through their European IVF Monitoring Program.

IVF comes about because of facilities in Australia and New Zealand are accounted for yearly by the National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit (NPESU) an examination unit at the University of New South Wales in Sydney.

HE IVF SUCCESS RATE TRAP

In an offer to understand my odds of IVF achievement, I took a speedy plunge through the immense data accessible from these sources and left away reasoning I had the data I required. I skipped happily along speculation things looked entirely encouraging subsequent to perusing my odds of IVF working the first run through was some place around the 40% stamp. I innocently suspected that implied I had a 80% possibility on the off chance that I completed two cycles, and that I'd have a child after three adjusts and no more. Shockingly as later reflection uncovered, math and measurement simply don't work this way…

Dr. Vidyamani Lingegowda is a standout amongst the most senior and experienced gynecologists in Bangalore and Karnataka today. A beneficiary of the lofty Rajyotsava Award given by the Govt. of Karnataka, she has committed her expert life to the persistent headway of ladies' medicinal services. In the wake of finishing her essential therapeutic degree at the University of Madras in 1972, she went to the United Kingdom to seek after post-graduation in obstetrics and gynecology.

She put in ten years in Birmingham, UK, at the Queen Elizabeth Women's Teaching Hospital, preparing and picking up her post-graduate capability as an individual from The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, London (MRCOG). She is rehearsing at Lalbagh Nursing Home And Ivf Center.

Achievement Rate: 47%

Administrations: IVF, IUI, ICSI

IVF Package: Rs. 1,60,000

Area: Jaya Nagar East

The results of my mistake implied that I belittled how much time, cash, and enthusiastic speculation having an infant would take. And far and away more terrible still, I didn't know my odds of falling flat were as high as they were.

While I'm not on the rundown to get a Nobel Prize for arithmetic at any point in the near future, I do have enough understanding of how probabilities function to realize that roulette is certainly not an extremely feasible long haul profession decision. Assuming that in the event that I could make this expensive blunder in investigation, there must be no less than a couple of others out there that have, or will, commit an indistinguishable error from me…

Well given me a chance to set the record straight for you.

For more information, Call Us :  +91 – 7899912611

Visit Website  : www.elawoman.com  

Contact Form : https://www.elawoman.com/contact

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[samislosingtheirmind]

These two are too similar to ever get along if they met eachother let's be honest

[portalbim-blog]

Adopción e Implementación de BIM en todo el mundo: Iniciativas de las principales naciones

Que tan fuerte es el zumbido de BIM en algunas de las principales naciones del mundo… ¿cómo está progresando la adopción de BIM en algunos de los principales países del mundo? … Echemos un vistazo.  

Los Estados Unidos

        La Administración de Servicios Generales de EE. UU. (GSA) formuló el Programa Nacional 3D-4D-BIM en el año 2003. Este programa estableció una política que exige la adopción de BIM para todos los proyectos de Edificios Públicos. GSA también se asocia activamente con proveedores de BIM, agencias federales, asociaciones profesionales, organizaciones de estándares abiertos e instituciones académicas y de investigación para desarrollar una comunidad de líderes BIM dentro de GSA. Hoy en día, se cree que el 72% de las empresas de construcción en los EE. UU. están utilizando tecnologías BIM para lograr ahorros significativos en los costos de los proyectos.

Y no solo el gobierno ha estado presionando por el poder de visualización, coordinación, simulación y optimización en la construcción, varios estados de EE. UU., Universidades y organizaciones privadas están apoyando la adopción de estándares BIM más altos. En 2009, la Oficina de Arquitectos de la Universidad de Indiana emitió los estándares BIM de IU y los requisitos de entrega de proyectos. En el mismo año, la Penn State University también adquirió un papel de liderazgo en la articulación del uso de BIM por parte de los propietarios de las instalaciones.

En 2010, Wisconsin se convirtió en el primer estado de los EE. UU. en requerir todos los proyectos públicos con un presupuesto de $ 5 millones o más y todas las construcciones nuevas con un presupuesto de $ 2.5 millones o más para incorporar BIM. Mientras tanto, a través del Proyecto NBIMS-US , el edificio del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias de la Construcción, alianza SART , ha comisariado con estándares BIM abiertos basados ​​en el consenso para fomentar la innovación en procesos e infraestructura.

El Reino Unido

        El Reino Unido se ha convertido rápidamente en el campeón indiscutido de BIM del mundo, montado en las alas de una clara estrategia nacional y el apoyo del gobierno. El British Standards Institute (BSI) tiene un enlace formal con los comités de estándares como el AGI y otros. Desde abril de 2016, como parte de la Estrategia de Construcción del Gobierno que apunta a lograr un ahorro del 20% en los costos de adquisición, todos los proyectos de construcción adquiridos centralmente en el Reino Unido deben alcanzar el Nivel 2 de BIM. Este mandato no solo hizo que toda la industria tome nota, también aceleró el proceso de adopción de BIM en el país, porque si no es nivel 2 en BIM, simplemente no puede tener acceso a ningún proyecto gubernamental en el Reino Unido.

El sexto informe BIM nacional de NBS 2016 se publicó aproximadamente al mismo tiempo e informó que la adopción de BIM en el Reino Unido había alcanzado el 54%, frente al 48% en 2015. Hoy en día, se espera que más del 80% de los encuestados por la NBS hayan adoptado BIM . El informe también señaló que en 2014-15, el gobierno del Reino Unido ahorró £ 855 millones en esquemas existentes, lo que básicamente facilitó la inversión en otros nuevos. 

Escandinavia

        Los países escandinavos de Noruega, Dinamarca, Finlandia y Suecia figuran entre los primeros en adoptar las tecnologías BIM, con estándares y requisitos públicos ya establecidos.

De hecho, Finlandia comenzó a trabajar en la implementación ya en 2002, y en 2007, la Confederación de Industrias de la Construcción de Finlandia había ordenado que todos los paquetes de software de diseño necesitaran pasar la Certificación de clase de base industrial (IFC). Cabe señalar que IFC es un formato de archivo neutral para el proveedor que permite que los modelos se compartan y trabajen independientemente de cualquier pieza de software específica.

           En Noruega, el cliente del estado civil Statsbygg , así como la Asociación Noruega de Constructores de Viviendas, han estado promoviendo activamente el uso de BIM. Desde 2010, todos los proyectos de Statsbygg han utilizado formatos de archivo IFC y BIM para todo el ciclo de vida de sus edificios. Una organización líder llamada SINTEF también está llevando a cabo investigaciones en BIM como parte del programa nacional de I + D enfocado en herramientas sostenibles para mejorar la construcción y operación de edificios.

Dinamarca ha ordenado a sus clientes estatales, incluidos Palacios y Agencia de Propiedades, la Agencia Danesa de Propiedades Universitarias y el Servicio de Construcción de Defensa, adoptar las prácticas BIM. Varias organizaciones privadas y universidades también realizan trabajos de I + D en BIM en Dinamarca.

En Suecia, la adopción de BIM es tan alta que han surgido las mejores prácticas, incluso en ausencia de directrices claras dirigidas por el gobierno. El país solo está detrás de los EE. UU. en la publicación de artículos académicos centrados en BIM. Y ahora, el gobierno también está tomando iniciativas para facilitar la implementación a nivel nacional, y las organizaciones públicas como la Administración de Transporte de Suecia han ordenado el uso de BIM a partir de 2015.

Para ser justos, dado que todos estos países son relativamente más pequeños, convencer a menos jugadores del mercado y que la gente adopte BIM ha sido una clara ventaja para la región escandinava. 

Alemania

Según un informe de McGraw Hill Construction sobre BIM , el 90% de los propietarios de proyectos en Alemania solicitan BIM a menudo o siempre. La encuesta también descubrió que, más que el gobierno, se hace más hincapié en los edificios comerciales y residenciales. Sin embargo, la industria alemana tradicionalmente conservadora de AEC no mostró mucha inclinación hacia la adopción de BIM, y los principales proyectos del sector público -el aeropuerto de Berlín Brandeburgo, la estación de Stuttgart 21, la sala de conciertos Elbphilharmonie en Hamburgo- a menudo excedieron el presupuesto o llegarían tarde.

Por lo tanto, en 2015, el gobierno anunció la formación de la Plataforma de Construcción Digital , un grupo de tareas BIM creado por varias organizaciones lideradas por la industria para desarrollar una estrategia BIM nacional. Sin embargo, los expertos aún temen que el sistema federal de Alemania -con casi 16 estados autónomos o semiautónomos y autoridades locales- pueda dificultar la implementación de un mandato BIM nacional.

Singapur

Al igual que los países nórdicos, Singapur también se beneficia de ser un mercado pequeño. El gobierno ha creado un repositorio central para construir códigos, regulaciones y circulares publicados por varias agencias reguladoras de construcción y construcción en Singapur. A través de esta Red de Construcción e Inmobiliaria, o CORENET , la Autoridad de Construcción y Construcción se propuso implementar la primera presentación electrónica BIM del mundo. Desde 2015, las presentaciones electrónicas de BIM se han ordenado para todos los proyectos de más de 5,000 metros cuadrados.

No solo eso, desde 2010, la Autoridad de Construcción ha otorgado donaciones a través del fondo BIM , que cubre el costo del software, de capacitación, consultoría, hardware y colaboración. Además, para facilitar el intercambio de información, BCA y buildingSMART Singapur han desarrollado una biblioteca de objetos de construcción y diseño, así como directrices de colaboración de proyectos.

Y ahora, para estandarizar las convenciones de modelado BIM y facilitar el intercambio de datos entre los diversos interesados, BCA implementará la presentación voluntaria y obligatoria por etapas y el procesamiento de la documentación del edificio en el formato BIM nativo para el cumplimiento normativo, basado en el Código de Práctica para BIM e -Sumisión. BCA también liderará el desarrollo de la verificación automatizada de modelos para BIM e-submission.

Francia

Francia decidió en 2014 que desarrollaría 500,000 casas usando BIM para 2017. También se asignó un presupuesto de € 20 millones para digitalizar la industria de la construcción. Como se evaluarán los beneficios de este proyecto, existe una buena posibilidad de que el BIM sea obligatorio en las compras públicas este año. La iniciativa formaba parte del Plan de transición digital del gobierno francés para la industria de la construcción, cuyo objetivo era lograr la sostenibilidad y reducir los costos. También en 2014, el gobierno lanzó un proyecto de investigación y desarrollo en el área de construcción llamado MIND para desarrollar estándares BIM para proyectos de infraestructura.

Mientras tanto, la región francesa de Borgoña había implementado modelos BIM para administrar las operaciones de construcción en 135 sitios que consisten principalmente en escuelas secundarias en el 2004. Hoy, el consejo regional trabaja exclusivamente dentro de un proceso basado en BIM para construcción, mantenimiento y operaciones de construcción.

China

Un estudio de 2012 de la Asociación de la Industria de la Construcción de China encontró que menos del 15% de un total de 388 empresas encuestadas usaban BIM. De acuerdo con los actores de la industria, esta lenta tasa de adopción típicamente puede asociarse con la resistencia hacia nuevos procesos de gestión.

El sentimiento popular con respecto a BIM en China es que el gobierno brinda estímulo para usar la tecnología, pero falta el liderazgo. Aunque el Ministerio de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano-Rural marcó un papel para los procesos de BIM en la industrialización, la urbanización y la modernización agrícola en su 12 ° Plan Quinquenal, no es obligatorio usar BIM. El Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología también ha aprobado la China BIM Unión para desarrollar el estándar nacional de prácticas.

Mientras tanto, el Instituto de Modelado de Información de Construcción de Hong Kong (HKIBIM) se estableció en 2009, y la Autoridad de Vivienda formuló la hoja de ruta para la implementación de BIM en 2014. Los contratistas lideran la agenda de BIM en Taiwán, donde contratan a un tercero para modelar el diseño es la norma.

Corea del Sur

Uno de los primeros en adoptar procesos BIM, el gobierno de Corea del Sur ha estado trabajando sistemáticamente para aumentar el alcance de los proyectos ordenados por BIM en el país desde 2010. El Ministerio de Tierras, Infraestructura y Transporte de Corea incluso proporcionó $ 5,8 millones durante un período de tres años para construir estándares de diseño de edificios basados ​​en BIM y tecnología de la información. Y desde 2016, el Servicio de Contratación Pública ha hecho que BIM sea obligatorio para todos los proyectos del sector público por más de S $ 50 millones.

El informe de McGraw Hill Construction sobre BIM revela que el 78% de los contratistas que utilizan BIM en Corea del Sur lo hacen a niveles bajos o medios de participación. Este bajo nivel de compromiso también se puede atribuir a la ausencia de medición formal del ROI: el 39% de los encuestados dijo que no se realizaba ninguna medición.

Mire este espacio mientras seguimos agregando nuevas naciones a la lista. Además, infórmenos de las últimas iniciativas BIM en su país a través de los comentarios a continuación.

 Articulo realizado por: Equipo Portal BIM

https://www.tecnyarq.cl/

Fuente: Geospatial Wordl

Fecha: 27 de Noviembre 2017

[samislosingtheirmind]

Idk honestly I just wanted to draw these

[samislosingtheirmind]

Some of my goofy YellowFries content, go on eat up.

[samislosingtheirmind]

Uuhhhh I dunno just have this I didn’t know what to draw

[samislosingtheirmind]

Something I think (it’s pretty obvious who I draw more just from how they look here lol)

[samislosingtheirmind]

This thing I did of Season 17 please help

(Ref under the cut)