#35 according to the english sub

[arom-antix]

Happy birthday to this beautiful boi! Been wanting to draw that smile from the last scene since I saw it so I finally did something about it.

[annieboltonworld]

Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources

Assessment of the Status of Obsolete Pesticide Stocks in Selected Parts of Ethiopia

Authored by Knife Mesfin

Abstract

Ethiopia like most sub-Saharan countries had been suffered by obsolete pesticides accumulated at various places across the country. Disposal of obsolete pesticides in Ethiopia had been inadequate and presently huge quantities of obsolete pesticide stocks are found accumulated in substandard stores owned by ministry of health, ministry of agriculture and various investors, presenting potential risks to nearby residents and the environment. This assessment study of obsolete pesticide stocks' status was aimed at evaluating the status and effects of obsolete pesticide stocks on public health and the environment and indicates a corrective action. The methodology employed to collect data was field observation, interviews and questionnaires dispatched to study site residents. Results of the study indicated that obsolete pesticide stocks were depreciated, kept in torn out drums, burst open sucks, indiscriminately mixed up with other chemicals, exposed to sunlight, wind drift and runoff water and easily accessible to animals and humans. Thus obsolete pesticide stocks accumulated in inefficiently secured stores could be a threat not only to public health and the environment but also to the fast growing economy of the country. Awareness raising and training given to the public on the dangers involved with obsolete pesticide stocks was inadequate. To aware the community and conduct further research to ascertain the actual situation of obsolete pesticide stocks accumulated across the country need to be carried out before the present situation causes more social and environmental problems.

Keywords: Obsolete Pesticide; Stockpiles; Substandard; Hazard; Banned; Pollution and Environment.

Introduction

The economy ofdeveloping countries isagriculture dependent and used pesticides to protect pests against insects, fungi, weeds as well as to increase agricultural yields. Ethiopia with a population of about 97 million is dependent on agriculture for food and other basic necessities. Pesticide use in Ethiopia began in the 1940's and its use increased steadily with developments in increased food production and expansion in floriculture. Pesticides become obsolete with the passage of time and lost their efficacy to be used for their intended original purpose and therefore require disposal [1,2]. Ethiopia has accumulated obsolete pesticide stocks due to prolonged storage of pesticides, inadequate control over pesticide importation, inappropriate storage conditions because of poor storage facilities and lack of monitoring system for pesticide use in the country [3]. However, Chemical pesticides, regardless of their hazard, are used intensively in the fast changing agricultural sector of the country [4,5]. Stockpiles of obsolete pesticides are in a deteriorated condition, poorly stored and located close to agricultural fields, housing and water supplies, causing unavoidable risks to human health, ground and surface water and the environment. The impact of obsolete pesticides is greatest on disadvantaged people who scavenge for empty pesticide containers which are used for carrying food, water, etc. with little awareness of the dangers involved [6]. Pesticides stored in unsafe places run off into ground and surface water, exposing entire populations to chronic and acute health risks. Many pesticides persist in the environment, are often transferred long distances from their original area of storage, and are detected in human tissues and are transferred across the placenta via breast milk to children [7,8]. Children exposed to a variety of pesticides develop cancer and Parkinson's disease as well as asthma, allergy, diabetes and obesity increased risk [9,10]. Obsolete pesticide stocks not only present a hazard to public health but also contaminate natural resources and stand in the way of socio-economic development [11]. The stocks in the study areas were in bad condition with leaking drums; burst open sucks and stores themselves in bad state posing threat to human health and the environment [12].

Materials and Methods

Site description and data collection period: This study was conducted in the regional states of Tigray, Oromia and south Ethiopia. In Tigray regional state data was collected from southern zone (Alamata woreda), central zone (Axum) and mekelle zone at mekelle city. From Oromia region, East shoa zone, Boset, Adama, Dugda, Adamitulu and Bora woredas were selected to collect the required data. In Jima zone, also in Oromia regional state, the study was conducted at metu/soro and Bedele/ Doro Manekia (2 sites) towns. In southern regional state, the study was carried out at Bena Tesmay, Arbaminch and M/ bedewach cities of South omo zone, Gamo Gofa zone and Hadiya zone respectively. The data was collected from September 2016 to January, 2017 G C.

Methods

Investigators from environment and forest research centers together with agriculture and natural resources experts from the four research areas were participated in the data collection. Three regional states (Tigray, Oromia, and South Ethiopia) were selected for study based on the availability of research facilities and access to the pesticide storage sites. Pesticide stores from each region were also selected on the basis of obsolete pesticides overstocking, duration of pesticides accumulation, and condition of storages and vulnerability of nearby residents to pesticides exposure by first inspecting the stocks in the stores by field visit. An interview with expertise and residents living close to the storage sites was also used to collect data in addition to questionnaires and on site observation. All individuals who lived within less than 0.5 kilometers distance from the pesticide stores were used as source population and fourteen old and poorly secured obsolete pesticide stores were chosen purposely from the selected regional states for the study.

Data Collection tools

A questionnaire was developed by referring different literatures and modified according to the objectives of this study. The questionnaire was used to gather information from study area residents about the status of obsolete pesticide stocks and their knowledge on effects of pesticides on human health and the environment. The questionnaire was developed in English but later translated verbally into the languages of respondents by data collectors. Field observation and interviews were also used to collect data. Prior to using the questionnaires for data collection, data collectors (with B.SC degrees) were familiarized with the issues and contents addressed in the questionnaire, ethical considerations, and on data collection procedures.

Results

Socio - demographic characteristics of respondents

422(100%) households were participated in the survey. 254(60.2%) of them were male and 168(39.8%) female. Education, 42(10%) participants were illiterates, 119 (28.2%) could read and write, 67(15.8%) were grades 1st-8th, 93(22%) were grades 9th-12th, 25(5.9%) had certificates, 31 (7.3%) were with diploma and 45(10.7%) had a university degree. The mean age of participants was 35 with a minimum of 18 years and a maximum of 75 years. 100(23.7%) participants were farmers, 76(18.0%) students, 88(20.9%) civil servants and 158(37.4%) with different jobs including merchants, house wives and daily laborers (Table 1).

Status of obsolete pesticide stocks

Obsolete pesticide stocks accumulated in the study area storages were deteriorated and exposed to animals, humans and external damaging conditions like rain and floods. The stores themselves were badly facilitated, with ragged tin sheet walls and roofs leaking obsolete pesticide stocks to nearby areas contaminating natural resources upon which the life of nearby residents depended on. Obsolete pesticide stocks were kept in the

stores since the military (dergu) regime in solid and liquid forms and were placed amassed with other chemicals in a manner difficult to separate one from the other. Obsolete pesticide stocks were also placed in leaking metal drums, wooden boxes and burst open sucks with no labeling. Obsolete pesticides were seen spilled over the floors of some stores by nearby residents for taking out pesticide containers without adequate precaution on effects of pesticides. The stocks accumulated in each of the study area stores as indicated by agriculture offices of Ethiopia, were supplied by the government for the control of migratory pests like locust, army worms and other pest outbreaks. Storekeepers, without protective clothing were responsible to safeguard the pesticide stocks and none of them had received trainings on impacts of pesticides. In some cases obsolete pesticide stores were used as permanent offices for storekeepers and are likely exposed to pesticide hazards (Figures 1 & 2).

Perception of participants to obsolete pesticides and their impacts

The Perception of study site participants on obsolete pesticides and their effects was inadequate.115 (27.3%) respondents used chemical pesticides and empty pesticide containers from the stores without any protective equipment for domestic and agricultural use purposes. 79 (68.7%) of those who used chemical pesticides and empty pesticide containers used safety tools like hand gloves (35.44%),boots (21.52 %) and mouth muffs(43.04%)during application and the rest 36(31.3%) failed to use safety tools because of lack of safety tools (63.70%) and lack of awareness (36.29%). Regarding to the adverse effects of obsolete pesticides on health and environment, 238(56.4%) respondents heard about the harmful effects of obsolete pesticides and 184(43.6%) indicated that they did not have any knowledge on the impacts of pesticides on health and environment. When participants were asked if they took training on effects of obsolete pesticides on health and environment, 264(62.6%) participants replied that they took no training on pesticide effects and 64 (15.2%) others said that they did not remember whether or not they took training. Disposal practices of obsolete and unused pesticide stocks was done by burning (25.6%), by burying in the soil (23.7%), by dumping on open spaces (33.9%) as was indicated by 351 participants and (16.8%) did not know how and where to dispose of unused and obsolete pesticides, which is a clear indication of the low awareness and inadequate training of study site residents on the practices and harmful impacts of pesticides (Table 2).

Pesticide use and environmental effects

As indicated in Table 2, above, the study result showed that 171(40.5%) participants perceived pesticides as useful and used them nearly always (31.0%), each year (33.9%), and rainy seasons (35.1%). It was also understood that obsolete pesticide stocks accumulated in the stores affect human beings, animals and the environment (air, water, soil) as indicated by 161, 45 and 188 study area participants respectively. Regarding to the major effects associated with storage of obsolete pesticides and leakages from the stores, 138 (32.7%) respondents said bad odor, 17(4.0%) health problems, 148 (35.1%) air, water and soil quality decline and 119(28.2%) participants indicate damage to all segments of the environment. Thus obsolete pesticide stocks accumulated in the study areas are likely to expose residents to hazardous health and environmental impacts if the current

Discussion

The study showed that obsolete pesticide stocks were accumulated in stores located inside residential areas. The stocks were stored mixed up with several expired office materials in leaking and unlabeled containers. The stocks were exposed to high temperature fluctuations and many damaging factors. Many of the obsolete pesticide stores were assembled from wood, mud and tattered tin sheet walls allowing people to easily enter into to snatch chemicals and recyclable empty pesticide containers. Respondents from the Study area (27.3%) used chemical pesticides and empty pesticide containers for control of insects and grain borers with little awareness about the dangers of pesticides. Of those participants (27.3%) who used chemical pesticides and empty pesticide containers 44(38.26%) used chemical pesticides, 28(24.3%) pesticide containers and 43(37.4%) both chemical pesticides and empty pesticide containers. The use of safety tools by participants during pesticides application was minimum (18.7%), showing users risks to pesticide exposure. 238 (56.4%) participants indicated to have heard about the effects of obsolete pesticides on health and environment but did not practice any safe way use of pesticides and their containers. Only 94 (22.3%) participants took training on effects of pesticides while the majority (77.7%) was incapable to receive training. This situation was clear enough to indicate the low level awareness of residents in the study areas. Another indicator of lack of awareness was also shown by 351 (83.2%) respondents who disposed off obsolete pesticides by burning, burying in the soil and by dumping on available open spaces. The use of protective equipment by the respondents in the study areas was little (18.7%) even though 19.7% of the respondents indicated that they felt different health problems related to pesticides and empty pesticide containers use. The accumulation and haphazard use of obsolete pesticide stocks and empty pesticide containers not only present hazard to public health but could also contaminate nearby soil, ground and surface water resources. The problem of obsolete pesticide stocks in the study areas was high that need urgent action to fully identify, secure or dispose of existing stocks as well as to prevent further accumulation of new ones.

Conclusion

Obsolete pesticide stocks were in a bad condition, stored in unsafe place close to residents, uncontrolled and unprotected, stocked with other utilities, exposed to animals, humans and easily reaching to the immediate surrounding through several agents like wind drift and runoff water. Obsolete pesticides and empty pesticide containers were haphazardly used by the residents without any protective equipment. The awareness level (linked to training) of the research area residents was inadequate. Disposal of obsolete and banned pesticides practice was environmental unfriendly. Stench odor, illness and water and soil quality degradation related to obsolete pesticides is a serious problem for the residents living close to the study area storage sites. Obsolete pesticide stores were poorly facilitated with ragged walls and roofs letting in light and rain that speeded up the deterioration of pesticides inside the stores. Obsolete pesticides stored in unsafe and uncontrolled stores leak off into ground and surface water and disperse into the air exposing entire populations with unavoidable health risks. Residents in the research areas are also exposed to obsolete pesticide hazards through the food and water they used and the air they breathe from the immediate contaminated environment.

Recommendation

An effort made to dispose obsolete pesticides accumulated across the country was almost none except that done in 2003 by FAO in collaboration with ministry of agriculture. But pesticides are entering into the country each year without proper inspection and control, aggravating the existing situation. Negative effects of obsolete pesticide stocks in the study area are expected to be high even though removal of out-dated stocks is far-off due to limited technical resources and the high cost involved. Therefore:

a) Further research to ascertain the actual quantity and situation of obsolete pesticide stocks across the country is required.

b) Pesticide Stocks should be collected, sorted and removed to a place far from urban and rural residents.

c) Procure quantities of pesticides that could be used in one year and avoid purchase of pesticides than needed during pest out breaks.

d) Make demand driven planning of pesticide requirement for each agricultural areas and seasons.

e) Raise public awareness on risks of pesticides on health and the environment.

f) Establish an entity that controls importation, distribution and application of pesticides in the country.

For more articles in Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ijesnr/index.php

[politicalprof]

2019 in books:

David McCullough, 1776: A highly accessible, if somewhat naive, depiction of the year that defined the prospects for American independence. I wouldn’t go there for deep, critical analysis. But for a story of a year, it is well done.

Michael Palin, Erebus: HMS Erebus was a British naval vessel that spent much of its career in Arctic and Antarctic exploration. If you are interested in Victorian era explorations of hard places, a fascinating read.

Emilio Corsetti III, 35 Miles from Shore: The story of an airline crash in the early 1970s in the Caribbean. What happened, why, how, who survived and what we learned. Interesting if not brilliant.

Raymond Thorp, Crow Killer: Old-fashioned tale of the inspiration behind the Robert Redford movie Jeremiah Johnson. As much fantasy as history. But it offers a flavor of a time and a subgroup few Americans would know.

James Corey, Caliban’s War: The second book of “The Expanse” series. The protomolecule is working its mojo, and Earth, Mars and the Belters are none too happy with one another. A fun read of a massive space opera.

Walter Kempowski, All for Nothing: Set in the context of the collapsing Eastern Front during WWII, this story proceeds from the fractured point of view of the Germans who are about to be turned into refugees fleeing oncoming Soviet forces. The book, notably, does not make these Germans sources of sympathy: the mood is dissonant and disordered. A real piece of literature.

Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall: Because who doesn’t want a point-of-view account of a key counselor to Henry VIII, one who rose to extraordinary wealth and power despite his humble birth and then managed the, how shall we say, removal of Kathrine as Queen? Replaced by Anne Boleyn? Who wouldn’t want to read it? It’s excellent, by the way.

James Corey, Abaddon’s Gate: Book three of The Expanse, and the protomolecule has remade humanity’s relationship to the universe. But we’ll probably screw that up, too. Another good story, filled with actual thought about the problems of space travel and space living.

MIchael Krondl, The Taste of Conquest: The Rise and Fall of the Three Great Cities of Spice: Venice, Lisbon and Amsterdam each in their turn dominated the global spice trade -- a trade that was one of the main stimuli for early colonialism and imperial conquest, and which strongly influenced the rise of the modern corporation as a linch-pin of global capitalism. The book is not as good as it should be, but the story is one that few people know, but should.

Hilary Mantel, Bring Up the Bodies: Hey, it’s time to get rid of Anne Boleyn everyone! Or, at least, to separate her head from her body. And let’s manage the English Reformation, too ... all just a few years before losing our own head. Welcome to the early/middle 1500s in England everyone!

Leigh Perry, A Skeleton in the Family: Who doesn’t have a skeleton living in their house who helps solve mysteries. I mean, who doesn’t?

JK Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: So my son has started reading Harry Potter. So I have started reading Harry Potter. I liked this book: it’s tight, it’s focused, it’s a fun read. I see the appeal.

Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman, Good Omens: The answer to the questions: “What if the angels and demons charged with over-seeing Earth as humans go from the Garden of Eden to Armageddon decide that they like Earth and don’t want Armageddon to happen (even if their allies do)? And what if the Anti-Christ were raised in a perfectly mundane family in a perfectly mundane English village? How might it all turn out?” To delightful and funny effect.

JK Rowling, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets: Meh. Okay. Not as good as book one. But still a good story.

Gilbert King, Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America: A broad pastiche of events surrounding one of the many civil rights cases of the 1940s and 50s: the abuses and murders of several African American men accused of raping a white woman in Lakeland, FL, in 1949. With a whole lot of associated discussions of other cases, the NAACP, corrupt and criminal law enforcement, race riots, and the like. A good read. And how can it be that the bastard George HW Bush, put Clarence Thomas on the Supreme Court to fill a seat once held by the staggering legal figure that was Thurgood Marshall. Shameful is the only word.

JK Rowling, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban: Certainly better than the Chamber of Secrets. A darker turn. But beginning to get padded as readers demanded “more” if not “better.”

James Corey, Cibola Burn: Book 4 of The Expanse ... and I didn’t like it. It seemed like filler, a book written to a contract deadline. Maybe it will pay off in the end. But another one like that and I’m not going to care.

Tom Phillips, Humans: A Brief History of How We Fucked It All Up: Did you know our oldest known ancestor, Lucy, probably died by falling out of a tree? If stories about how people have messed things up, have suffered both intentional and unintentional consequences, turn you on, do I ever have the book for you. Schadenfreude much?

JK Rowling, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire: Dear lord is this book long. Why? No doubt because the fans wanted it to be. But it is as gratuitously padded as any book I have ever read. It’s okay. But I wasn’t particularly impressed. Perhaps another six Quidditch matches would have helped ....

Adam Higginbotham, Midnight in Chernobyl: Thought the HBO miniseries was scary? It was tame. I mean: the Soviets, with their level of “technical prowess” and their industrial “quality control checks” ran the facility. Heck, Chernobyl wasn’t even their first disaster. Let’s just put it this way: the actual fuel piles in each of the FOUR Chernobyl reactors were so big that: 1) different sections had different characteristics, and didn’t all operate at the same rates or temperatures; and 2) the monitoring equipment couldn’t record how all of the pile was operating at any time. Happy now? Russia still has 10 Chernobyl-style reactors in operation. Enjoy your good night’s sleep everyone!

JK Rowling, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince: Yes, yes: I know. This isn’t Order of the Phoenix. Well, I read Order of the Phoenix many years ago, and thought it was deeply annoying. A pile of words with little point. A way to keep the audience happy with long passages about very little.

Meanwhile, I, like my son, roared through Half-Blood Prince. A ripping good tale. Much tighter than the last several of the series.

JK Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: A fine read. A bit slow getting going: let’s go here! Let’s go there! Let’s recap the plot! But after the first 1/3 or so, the story got moving and I enjoyed it. Didn’t expect great literature; didn’t get great literature. But then again, I deeply appreciate how much pleasure my son got from this, and how excited my daughter is to engage with it. If it hadn’t been conceived and written, it seems like there’d be a Harry Potter sized hole in the universe.

Neil Gaiman, American Gods: In all honesty, I didn’t really like the first 2/3 of this book: too many tangents; too many sub-stories for the sake of sub-stories. And I’m still not sure I think it was a great book. But I really enjoyed the last third of it, and there were moments, vignettes, and sentences that truly blew me away. So I am glad I stayed with it.

Kameron Hurley, The Light Brigade: A sci fi story of soldiers apparently engaged in a war with Mars who are transported to the battlefield as beams of light. One gets unhinged from time. I am not sure it was worth the work, and I came to understand it was based on a short story and so, at times, it seemed a bit one-trick pony-ish. But it had its share of moments.

Daniel James Brown, The Boys in the Boat: A bit slow going at first, but it grows more compelling as it moved forward. This is the story of the 1936 crew (rowing) team at the University of Washington that went to Berlin and won the gold medal as Adolf Hitler watched. An interesting story about crew as a sport (about which I knew basically nothing), and life in Depression-era Washington state -- with a little, somewhat gratuitous, commentary about life in Nazi Germany layered in. One takeaway? The actor Hugh Laurie’s father was the lead oarsman on the British crew at Berlin in 1936. Hugh Laurie rowed crew at Cambridge as well.

James Corey, Nemesis Games: The next in the Expanse series. Much more enjoyable than the last one, but still a bit strained. One heck of a plot “twist.” A perfectly lovely way to relax; didn’t change my life. Some interesting character twists. But also a lot of “here are some giant developments (a lot of giant stuff) that give us lots of things to write about going forward!”

Alan Stern and David Grinspoon, Chasing New Horizons: the story of the New Horizons mission to Pluto. Interesting behind the scenes look at how the mission got funded, planned and implemented. Accessible in terms of the explanations; thick with bureaucratic story-telling and summary. It turns out this stuff is really, really hard. Interesting, but it didn’t blow me away.

And to end the year, I am reading: Christopher Moore, Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ's Childhood Pal: What if 13 year old Jesus had a buddy who, 2000 years later, wrote a gospel that filled in those missing years of Joshua’s (as Biff calls Jesus) life? Well, here’s your answer.

[natsthinkitythinkthinkthonk]

Mamoru Miyano Subbed Videos

Part One: Roles Part Two: Song Recommendations Part Three: Subbed Videos

This will only contain subbed videos! That means no translations, translations with audio, screencaps, or anything else! I won’t include videos without subtitles!

If you want to check out the blog that translates all of Mamo’s Line Blog posts, check them out here.

Here’s an introduction of what makes Mamo popular and what people like about him!

~~~~~

Here’s another video by Otoya that explains Mamo in 9 minutes! it includes a picture from when he was 7!

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This isn’t the last time he did an improvised song for Mamo. Hiro Shimono also did one for Yowamushi Pedal.

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Additional Video: Yuto's Pink Bikini ft. Uemura Yuto, Kishou Taniyama and Miyano Mamoru

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For context, here are their ages: Mamoru Miyano - June 8, 1983 / 35 years old / Debut: 1990 (acting) + 2001 (voice acting) Toshiyuki Toyonaga  - April 28, 1984 / 34 years old / Debut: 1995 (acting) + 2002 (voice acting) Natsuki Hanae  - June 26, 1991 / 27 years old / Debut: 2011 

Ouran Host Club came out in 2006 (way to make me feel old) which would mean that Hanae would’ve been 15 years old. In Japan, the cut off age isn’t January 1st, it’s in April (presumably April 1st which surprisingly not a joke). This means that kids must be six years of age when entering school. Due to his birthday being in June, Hanae actually would’ve been in his last year of middle school when Ouran came out in the spring season of 2006. According to this chronological compilation of Toyonaga’s roles, even though he debuted in 2002, he didn’t get big roles like Mamo did. Mamo already landed a lead role in Wolf’s Rain in 2003. Toyonaga was taking more supporting roles and didn’t land a real big main character lead until 2010 when he played Mikado in Durarara. So obviously, it’s no fault of Hanae that he had no idea who Toyonaga was.

~~~~~

I haven’t gotten to watch this video for myself yet. I’m going to! I didn’t even know this existed until I did some deep digging.

Speaking English

Hosoya Imitation

Somewhat Random Seiyuu Compilation (he appears for a few minutes)

Yuube wa Otanoshimi Deshita ne Drama Appearances: Part One | Part Two

Q&A in Taiwan!

Kuroshitsuji 2015 New Year's Seiyuu Event: Funny Live Voice Acting

Mamo Picks on Kaji: Secret Life of Pets | Nanatsu no Taizai | MAMO BURSTS INTO KAJI’S RADIO SHOW!

Free!

IwaCha ES vol.2: Zakki gets picked on by Tatsu and Mamo

Durarara!

Kana Hanazawa: Miyano-san, I'll kill you. (If you ever feel bad about stumbling over words, just remember that Hanazawa accidentally threatened to kill Mamo)

[PLAYLIST] Durarara!! Seiyuu Event in Hikarigaoka [7 Parts]

[PLAYLIST] Durarara!! Lovers in Nakano ENG

Inu x Boku SS

Inu x Boku SS Event: Part One

Inu x Boku SS Event: Part Two

Inu x Boku SS Event: Part Three

Tadakoi

Tadakoi Radio #1 Miyano Mamoru Bullying Shimono Hiro version

Tadakoi Radio #1 Miyano loves Umehara version

Songs of Tokyo with Mamoru Miyano and Nana Mizuki:

Songs of Tokyo Full Event (Mamoru Miyano and Nana Mizuki) [Bilibili]

Songs of Tokyo Premium Talk (Mamoru Miyano and Nana Mizuki

Tumblr Videos:

Miyano Mamoru reading an excerpt and summary of Dazai Osamu’s “No Longer Human”

Radio Smile (Talks about Yuri on Ice and JJ Style!)

Bungou Stray Dogs Radio “Mamo Teases Hosoya... again”

Anime Clips: 

Best of Zombieland Saga’s Kotaro Tatsumi

Best of Bungou Stray Dog’s Osamu Dazai

[huachenyu-news]

New Martian Demographics Report Published, Ace vs Ace English Translation Confirmed

After comments and suggestions left by enthusiastic fans and our wonderful Hua Chenyu English Subs (link to YouTube channel) team's heartwarming offer to do the translation pro bono, Zhejiang TV's official social media account has finally given us the green light to translate the show Ace vs Ace (王牌对王牌 in Chinese, formerly known as Trump Card according to Zhejiang TV's official site, the show's official English name has since been dubbed Ace vs Ace) into English! Thanks to our diligent and prolific translation team, English translation for Season 4 Episode 7 is already complete! This tribute episode — dedicated to martial arts novelist Louis Cha, who writes under the pen name Jin Yong and has been referred to as "China's Tolkien" — took us on a trip down the memory lane of the many television and film adaptations of the sprawling world created by the legendary author. Hua Chenyu fans also got a rare chance to see Hua in Wuxia costumes and rearrange the theme song of the 1994 TV adaptation of The Heavenly Sword and Dragon Saber in this episode. You can watch the translated episode here. Turn on caption in the video settings to bring out the subtitles. Video by 中国浙江卫视官方频道 Zhejiang TV Official Channel. In other news, the official Hua Chenyu Global Fan Club recently published the results of a fairly comprehensive and professional demographics survey of Martians (as Hua Chenyu fans are called) conducted earlier this year. Similar surveys has been done before in 2015 and 2017, and this year's survey saw a tripling in sample size from the previous ones. Here are some interesting tidbits from the report. 1. Female fans account for 96.78% of the survey sample. 2. 57.31% of Martians are between 18-35 years old.

3. Education level

4. Spending per year on Hua Chenyu-related products (Chinese yuan)

Click here to view the full report (in Chinese) for more details. Read the full article

[textiletoday]

Introduction Ready-made-garment export is the lifeline of the Bangladesh economy. According to the last report Bangladesh has earned more than 83 percent of its export earnings from this sector (Nikkei Asian Review, 2018) where the total RMG export in the last fiscal year 2017-18 was US$33.93 billion (BGMEA, 2019). How much of this huge export is accounted for our own benefit? Is the textile and garment industry safe and sustainable for the local professionals? The industry has its own way to find solutions through different stakeholders- buyers, factory owners, governments, NGOs, buying offices, human right activists, local government, etc. Let us see the types of workforce we have in the garment industry, the evolution of the availability of skilled workforce, building capacity for the future workforce, expats working in Bangladesh, and our responsibility to leverage own hard work and intelligence to retain our hard-earned foreign currency in our own country. Workforce in Bangladesh garment industry If we divide the workforce in the garment industry then there are broadly four categories: Garment workers including supervisors, line-chiefs, QCs, helpers, etc. Sub-sector workers Support staffs, including clerks, peons, chefs, guards, etc. and Professionals- CEO, Executive Directors, GMs, Managers, Merchandisers, QA, and Inspectors, The latter workforce is the intelligence of our garment industry. They are the brains for the industry who really run the show by means of managing, operating, giving technical support, and marketing the factory products. There is a government concern about increasing the wages of workers, government employees etc. but this group is the most hard-working people in the country for them there is no wage board, no government intervention on illegal employment of foreign expats, no legal retirement benefits, no medical benefit, etc. Self-reliance in the technical and managerial workforce When the textile and garments industry started in the late ‘70s, it was the Japanese and Koreans who brought those orders and tried to find local partners to make the shipment. In the ’80s, quota benefit attracted investors from all around the world and they hired professionals from their own country as well as from India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and the Philippines. The ’90s was the era for mushrooming of knit composite factories because of comparatively lower initial investment cost and a handful of local textile engineers dared to run them. This industry showed us that we could run the factories with our own capabilities. After 2000, it is probably the golden decade for Bangladesh textile and garments industry amid negative speculations of post MFA era, when local professionals started to replace those foreign nationals in managerial positions, maintaining the export growth, graduates from local textile and fashion universities take up the communications quite strongly, worked out the chemical threats and child labor issues. Just when it looked like Bangladesh is all set to become next RMG sourcing hotspot by securing 2nd largest apparel exporter ‘Tazreen Fashions Fire’ and Rana Plaza Collapse’ brought a big question mark on country’s safe handling of the work environment. In the last 5 years, Bangladesh textile and garments industry has done well with Accord and Alliance for a rapid improvement in that area. Building capacity in the workforce Bangladesh has signed the MDG and SDG where it will give a mammoth growth in our economy by achieving those targets by 2030 (SDG, 2017). This target was set mainly based on our ability to achieve US$50 billion export target from RMG by 2021 (Textile Today, 2018). To maintain this growth, we need to increase our export quantity by increasing productivity or doing more value-added products or increasing the number of factories as well as a number of workers and professionals in textile and garments industry. Recently, the government has taken steps to enhance the quality of our professionals by arranging free training for them (Islam and Islam, 2018). We also need lots of vocational, TVET institutes for technical professionals, and make as much space in the industry for managerial professionals. It is obvious that the local professionals alone are capable of running the whole textile and apparel industry. It is a matter of sorrow that there are still many factories who hire foreign nationals in key positions. What is the number of expats? According to The Daily Star dated December 31, 2016, the number of foreign employees working in the RGM sector is about 200,000 (Two Lakhs). In the year 2014, they draw nearly US$5 billion as salary and allowances. From September 2009 to September 2019, a total of 7,030 work permits were issued. In 2014, The Board of Investment (BOI) issued 3,511 extensions and in 2013, it was 2,907. From this data, it is quite evident that most of the foreign nationals working in this country are under illegal contract and residing without valid documents violating the immigration rule of an independent country. New Age (2018) in one of their recent issues has claimed that more than 5 lakh foreign nationals are working in Bangladesh and the same amount as reported by The Daly Star in 2015 is draining the hard earned foreign currency out of the Country. The sectors include apparel, textile, buying house, telecommunication, information technology, poultry, and poultry feed sector. Bangladesh Garment Manufacturer Association (BGMEA) after enquired 5,000 of its member factories to submit a report of a number of foreign employees they have. Only 233 of those member factories replied out of those 5,000 factories. As a matter of fact, most of those expats do not have a legal work permit and this is the reason factories cannot report them to BGMEA. Foreigners and expats mainly come from India, Sri Lanka, China, Pakistan, South Korea, Taiwan, and some European and African Countries as per security and immigration sources. Indian publication, Daily Industry (2018), in their report showed that Bangladesh has become 4th largest remittance source for India with US$10 billion in 2017. They also reported that about 1 million Indian workers working in Bangladesh, mostly, through illegal channels. As per Reserve Bank of India, this amount is deposited in different Indian banks with the declaration. The actual value through non-declaration could be even higher. Though Bangladeshi E-paper, Daily Sun (2018), has claimed it to be false news and further claimed that Bangladesh earns 35 times that of India earns from us. Such contradictory reports reflect our level of patriotism towards solving the drainage from remittance outflow. Threat from foreign professionals A Study carried out by Islam et. Al (2017) for Center of Excellence for Bangladesh Apparel Industry (CEBAI) revealed that expats have specialized skills in communication, negotiation, leadership, decision-making, and operational skill and are reported to be paid two to five times higher than the local professionals. Categorically, we cannot say that professionals working in our textile and RMG industry are facing tough competition from foreign nationals. It is because most of our local professionals are nowadays highly educated, experienced, and gained industry exposure to run by themselves. Then why are we nourishing such highly paid foreign nationals against our national interest? For decades, our textile and RMG factory owners believed that foreign experts are more skilled and there are a few still believe the same way. Firstly, it is not uncommon not to get the best result with some specific local professional but from here making a generalization would be a fallacy. Read More: Is the foreign expert more capable than locals? Secondly, it is also a part of some bad politics. There are lots of liaison offices working in Bangladesh. Many of those offices, mostly US-based, controlled by their regional office located in our neighboring country. In those offices, the decision-making employees are foreign national from a neighboring country. The factory people doing marketing is also from that country. Even many professionals and technicians of that factory are also from that foreign country. It is like making of a little cantonment or a gang of foreigners in those buying office and factories whereas the same responsibilities (may not be the purpose) can be served by local professionals at a low cost. The reason I mentioned purpose because social and cultural aspects should not be a bar in international business which is greatly driven by technical knowledge and most of the people nowadays understand the English language. The possibility of unethical trading as a team cannot be denied too. Lastly, many of the owners are accused of money laundering by using their highly paid foreign employees as a medium for transferring money to other countries. Most of these foreign professionals working in this textile and RMG industries do not have a valid work permit. Most of those come to Bangladesh in tourist visas and extend their visa by liaising with immigration officials. There are lots of talk about this but no action had been taken about this very simple legal matter. Bangladesh has been a target of terrorist attacks and it is not unlikely that there are foreign agents dwelling in Bangladesh in the guise of a garment expert. Most of the foreign offices employ Country Managers preferred to be non-Bangladeshi. The government must check their skill, experience and managerial capacity in order to give them work permit with a valid reason for working in Bangladesh. One of the reasons buyers need them is to screw prices, put penalties and recover claims. Whereas, in such position, a local national would perform much better at a reasonable price to get the right quality for on-time shipment. Understanding the local culture is very important for the Country Managers. If you talk to any of them working here for more than 10 years will speak very badly about our working condition, delivery, on the other hand, push us to be 10 cents cheaper than last season. This whole thing is not only relegating our good name in the international market but also the country is renounced from foreign currency. Most ridiculous thing is that you got to ask this question when, why and where we do need a foreign expert. It is not only the case that they are working as Country Managers or General Managers. They are working massively in woven mills and we should admit that we might still have some lacking in that area, especially in dyeing and finishing. But you will find them working in laboratories, R&D, warping, sizing, and looming, etc. areas too. Though Bangladesh is a forerunner in knit composite but yet you will find foreign professionals in knitting, dyeing, finishing and even in cutting, pattern making, sample making, quality control, fashion design, washing plants, accessories factories, fabric marketing, yarn marketing, etc. However, I must not admit that there are a few advantages of hiring foreign professionals. They work hard because they do not have any social works here. They do not leave the job in short notice. An office with foreign staffs gives customers the feeling of visiting in a multi-national corporation. And of course, individuals have their own personal charisma which makes them different from others. Recommendations It is very easy to leave some recommendations to improve the present scenario. Ironically, everybody understands the fact but do not take any actions about it. Firstly, we have the correct data. The Ministry of Labor and Employment does not have any data related to the actual number of foreign employees working in our country. According to various reports, it could be higher than a staggering 1 million foreign workers and from valid sources, it is half a million workers. We need the actual count in order to control it. Secondly, MNCs often assign expatriate to facilitate knowledge transfer and enhance foreign direct investment purpose. Here is this case, we need to check the capability of the foreign expats working here to teach our technicians, managers. In case, they are here only to learn we are making big accounting mistake by assuming them as FDI. Thirdly, according to the Income Tax Ordinance 1984, tax officials can impose a penalty on companies up to 50 percent of their total payable income tax, or BDT 5 lakh, and deny all other tax benefits as a fine for hiring unauthorized foreigners. It is now up to the integrity of the tax department to investigate those or they keep quiet of being allured with greater personal benefits. There are also a few other recommendations which are the key topic for today’s discussion. That is, how to make our textile and RMG industry safe and sustainable for Bangladeshi professionals. Many of our textile and garment owners complain about the poor knowledge and English literacy of our local professionals. It is very common that academic knowledge, experience, and English as communication will not be the same for everybody. In general, the expats working in our industry has on an average better English. This does not mean that there is no local professional who speaks better English than expats. Nowadays, there are young breeds from public and private universities educated in textile engineering, fashion design, business administration, physical science, applied arts, and many of them having a foreign degree from renowned universities. They could be a much better worker for now and for the future who can work for the company for the rest of his/ her life. There must be some professional institutes like there is for Doctors, Engineers, or even Lawyers where the professional institutes will be able to certify the employability, and also conduct technical and management workshop, a symposium to improve the skills and knowledge of local professionals. It is natural, in Bangladesh, to have good demand for technicians, managers, merchandisers, marketers, etc. However, we have complaints about them that they leave the job even with a small raise from other companies. One of the most popular theories on motivation was given by Frederick Herzberg (1959) which sets forth management theories for workers. He believed that workers are motivated anything other than money. Those are praise, responsibility, achievement, and advancement. Our industry owners are in fact lagging behind in their knowledge in management theories by believing in Taylor (1900) theory where money is the only motivator. Many of the factory owners are applying Herzberg theory in practices, and there are a lot of examples where the best performers in the industry are management hires young managers, gives them the responsibility, praise them while performing, rewards when achieves and promote them as advancement. In today’s world, everybody wants to have a young worker who is keen to learn. It is because of the change in technology, work processes, motivational factors, etc. As the phrase says, “unlearning is difficult than learning”, it is wise to recruit young staff who later is trained with various on the job training so as to capable of giving new knowledge for improving the work process. If we compare the compensation package between the expat and local professionals then there is a big difference. If the local professional is more qualified we still do not want to offer the same package that we offer to a foreign professional with more than US$10,000 as salary plus house rent US$2,000 plus airfare twice a year with family and profit bonus. How could we expect the same dedication from a local professional giving only a part of it and expecting he would sacrifice all his social and personal life? For real professional, they deliver results not his working hours like foreign professional work in Bangladesh. Next thing is that the factory owners must introduce pension and gratuity like other countries which are used as an effective tool against employee’s turnover. Richard Branson, one of today’s most illustrious and successful entrepreneur, quoted about employees, “Clients do not come first. Employees come first. You take care of your employees, they will take care of your clients”. References: BGMEA, 2019. “Total Export of Bangladesh”. Available At: http://www.bgmea.com.bd/home/pages/tradeinformation BIDA, 2019. Available At: https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Changes%20of%20FDI%20policy%20in%20BD%20ESCAP%2717V2.pdf CIA, 2019. “South Asia: Bangladesh”. Available At: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_bg.html CPD, 2015. “CPD Study on Bangladesh as Indian Remittance Source”. Published on January 7, 2015. Available at: https://cpd.org.bd/cpd-study-bangladesh-indian-remittance-source/ Daily Industry, 2018. “Bangladesh Becomes 4th Largest Remittance[1] Source for India”. Published on July 02, 2018. Available at: http://www.dailyindustry.news/bangladesh-becomes-4th-largest-remittance-source-india/ Daily Sun, 2018. “False Propaganda about India’s Remittance from Bangladesh by Enamul Hassan”. Published in August 2018. Available at:  https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/331504/2018/08/26/False-Propaganda-about-India%E2%80%99s-Remittance-from-Bangladesh Dhaka Tribune, 2018. “Apparel workers in Bangladesh still the lowest paid by global standards”. Business. Available at: https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2018/11/12/apparel-workers-in-bangladesh-still-the-lowest-paid-by-global-standards Islam, S. and Islam T. N., 2018. “Insight into the Skill Development Issues of Management Jobs: A Study on RMG and Textile Sectors of Bangladesh.” Canadian Center of Science and Education. November 29, 2018. Available At: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329279167_Insights_into_the_Skill_Development_Issues_of_Management_Jobs_A_Study_on_RMG_and_Textile_Sectors_of_Bangladesh Islam, S. R., Hossain, M. I., Islam, M. T., & Tareq, M. (2017). Employment of Expatriates and its Alternatives in the RMG sector of Bangladesh. Report of Centre of Excellence for Bangladesh Apparel Industry. Retrieved from https://cebai.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Research-Report-on-Employment-of-Expatriates-and-its-Alternatives-in-the-RMG-Sector-of-Bangladesh.pdf Islam, S. R., Hossain, M. I., Islam, M. T., & Tareq, M. (2017). Employment of Expatriates and its Alternatives in the RMG sector of Bangladesh. Report of Centre of Excellence for Bangladesh Apparel Industry. Retrieved from https://cebai.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Research-Report-on-Employment-of-Expatriates-and-its-Alternatives-in-the-RMG-Sector-of-Bangladesh.pdf Islam, S. R., Hossain, M. I., Islam, M. T., and Tareq, M., 2017. “Employment of Expatriates and Alternatives in the RMG Sector of Bangladesh”. Report of CEBAI. Available At: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329279167_Insights_into_the_Skill_Development_Issues_of_Management_Jobs_A_Study_on_RMG_and_Textile_Sectors_of_Bangladesh Leon, T., 2018. “Herzberg and Taylor’s Theories of Motivation”. October 15, 2018. Available At: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/herzberg-taylors-theories-motivation-704.html Netherlands Bangladesh Business Forum, 2007. “Economic Outlook”. Available at: http://www.nbbp.org/EconomicOutlook New Age, 2018. “Foreign Nationals Working Illegally Go Unchecked by Moinul Haque”. Published on May 10, 2018. Available at: http://www.newagebd.net/article/36422/foreign-nationals-working-illegally-go-unchecked Nikkei Asian Review, 2018. “Bangladesh Fights for Future of its Garment Industry by Mitsuru OBE”. Business Trend. Published on November 4, 2018. Available At: https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-trends/Bangladesh-fights-for-future-of-its-garment-industry SDG, 2017. “Bangladesh’s Broad Journey: From the MDGs to the SDGs by Karolina Mzyk”. October 20, 2017. Available At: https://www.sdgphilanthropy.org/from-the-mdgs-to-the-sdgs-in-bangladesh Textile Today, 2018. “By the End of The Current Fiscal Year in June 2018, Bangladesh will have three Financial Years Remaining to take its Apparel Export to USD 50 Billion by Tareq Amin”. July 1, 2018. Available At: https://www.textiletoday.com.bd/10-reasons-bangladesh-will-not-able-achieve-50-billion-apparel-export-2021/ The Daily Star, 2015. “Foreign Employees on the Rise in Bangladesh”. Business. December 31, 2015. Available at: https://www.thedailystar.net/business/foreign-employees-the-rise-bangladesh-194584 The Daily Star, 2012. “Bangladesh - - A Part of the Next 11 by A. R. Chowdhury”. Published on May 15, 2012. Available at: https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-234135

[clatexam]

Detailed CLAT Syllabus 2022 – Get Complete Syllabus including all topics, subject wise

The Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) is one of the most widely taken law entrance tests in the country. For most students, the aim of attempting the CLAT is to get into National Law Universities (NLUs). As there exists a cut-throat competition, students need to have a thorough understanding of the syllabus to get into the faculty of law in National Law Institutions of their choice. This blog will provide a detailed syllabus for CLAT UG. It was prepared by studying the previous years’ question papers of CLAT from 2010 to 2021. The blog highlights various points that should be considered when the CLAT syllabus is in question.

In this blog, you’ll see the division of different categories and sub-categories of the CLAT syllabus. You will be able to see the most relevant topics from each subject.

The CLAT UG Syllabus contains topics such as the English language, Current affairs including General Knowledge, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, and Quantitative Techniques.

CLAT UG EXAM PATTERN:

In the CLAT UG test, an examinee has 120 minutes to answer 150 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.

CLAT EXAM MARKING SCHEME:

For each answer marked correctly, a +1 mark will be rewarded. There will be a negative marking of 0.25 marks for every answer marked wrong.

Subjects and no. Of questions. English Language – 28-32 questions, Current Affairs, including General Knowledge – 35-39 questions Legal Reasoning – 35-39 questions Logical Reasoning – 28-32 questions Quantitative Techniques – 13-17 questions

1. English Language:

According to the Consortiumofnlus (which is the regulatory and conducting authority of the Common Law Admission Test), you will be provided passages of about 450 woCLAT EXAM – THE EASY GUIDE FOR BEGINNERSrds each. These passages will be derived from contemporary or historically significant fiction and non-fiction writing and would be of a standard that a 12th standard student may be able to read in about 5-7 minutes. Each passage will be followed by a series of questions which will range somewhere between 3 and 5 This section primarily focuses on testing the reading and comprehension skills of the examinee. The questions will require you to demonstrate your comprehension and language skills, and abilities to: – Comprehend the central theme, – Viewpoints and arguments set out in the passage, – Draw inferences and conclusions based on the passage, – Summarize the passage. – Compare and contrast the different arguments and viewpoints – Understand the meaning and context of words, phrases, idioms, etc. used in the passage.

The updated or revised CLAT syllabus 2022 has eliminated a lot of topics from this section which has in a way reduced the boundaries of the syllabus but at the same time, has broadened the existing topics covered under the syllabus to enhance the depth of this particular section.

Below is the list of topics that have been eliminated from the new syllabus of CLAT 2022: 1. Sentence-correction 2. Cloze Test 3. Fill in the blanks 4. Phrase replacement 5. Error spotting 6. Sentence sequential arrangement 7. Choose the correct sentence.

Study Material to help you with this section :

1. Word Power Made Easy by Norman Lewis 2. High School English Grammar and Composition by Wren & Martin 3. English newspaper – The Hindu or The Indian Express 4. Editorials and articles published in newspapers and magazines

What is expected of you in this section? – This section expects you to develop fast reading skills and the ability to comprehend complex texts. – It also demands proper and detailed preparation.

The total weightage of this section is 20%. The difficulty level of the questions is set according to the 12th standard.

Tips to Remember: – A smart student would not only write down and mark what to read in a syllabus but also take into consideration what not to read, what is time-consuming, which topics are easy to handle and score, what are her/his strengths, etc. – The most practical and efficient way to approach comprehension is to read through its question first and then start with the comprehension. In that way, a student would already know what the question is, and 90% of the time this works. However, it is imperative that the student is attentive when attempting the question.

2. CLAT Current Affairs Syllabus, including General Knowledge:

According to the Consortium of NLUs, this section will have passages of up to 450 words each. The passages will be derived from: 1. News 2. Journalistic sources 3. other non-fiction writing.

The questions may include an examination of legal information or knowledge discussed in or related to the passage. However, they would not require any additional knowledge of the law beyond the passage.

Each passage will be followed by a series of questions that will require you to demonstrate your awareness of various aspects of current affairs and general knowledge, including: 1. Contemporary events of significance from India and the world; 2. Arts and culture; 3. International affairs; and 4. Historical events of continuing significance.

The study material to help you through this section is: 1. Lucent’s General Knowledge 2. Newspapers – The Hindu or The Indian Express or any other reliable newspaper 3. Websites on current affairs 4. NCERT books for understanding basic geography, history, polity, and economics

What is expected of you in this section? This section expects you to have a conceptual understanding instead of rote learning. So, one must prepare for this section in a detailed manner. Reading newspaper articles and editorials is a non-negotiable element of this entire preparation.

The difficulty level of the questions is set according to the 12th standard. The total weightage given to this section is 25%.

Tips to remember: -Quite often, questions aren’t directly in this section, one must develop an understanding and this will come by solving the previous year’s question paper.

Topics to be studied – National & International Affairs – Schemes – Science & Technology – Summits & Conferences – Sports – Awards & Honours – Arts & Culture – Important Historical Events

3. Legal Reasoning:

The consortium of NLUs says that in this section, the examinee is expected to read passages of around 450 words each. The passages may relate to: 1. Fact 2. Situations or scenarios involving legal matters, public policy questions, or moral philosophical inquiries. 3. Any static or current topic/news related to the field of law

You will not require any prior knowledge of the law. You will benefit from a general awareness of contemporary legal and moral issues to better apply general principles or propositions to the given fact scenarios.

Each passage would be followed by a series of questions that will require you to: 1. Identify and infer the rules and principles set out in the passage; 2. Apply such rules and principles to various fact situations; and 3. Understand how changes to the rules or principles may alter their application to various fact situations (which may be real or hypothetical).

The study material that will help you is: – Bare Acts of the Indian Constitution – Legal Awareness and Legal Aptitude books – Universal’s CLAT Guide – Newspapers – The Hindu or The Indian Express – Websites on current affairs for CLAT and legal issues

What is expected of you in this section? It will have questions testing the candidate’s understanding of the law and its various aspects. The legal aptitude section will test the candidate’s knowledge of the law on one hand, and his/her awareness of current legal issues on the other hand. Thus, candidates will have to prepare for both types of questions.

Topics one must go through are: – Important Supreme Court Judgments; – Important and recent acts and amendments of the legislature; – Important topics from Contract law, Criminal law, tort law, and Constitutional law; – Legal GK and current affairs; – International treaties and conventions affecting national legal framework etc. – Fundamental Rights, Duties, Judiciary, Parliament, Directive Principles of State Policy, Local governments.

The difficulty level of the questions is set according to the 12th standard. The total weightage given to this section is 25%.

Tips to remember: – This section doesn’t require any prior knowledge of Law. Its sole aim is to test your judgment ability. – It is a lengthy section, it is advisable to go through the question banks, test series, and previous year’s questions as well.

4. Logical Reasoning:

The consortium says that the Logical Reasoning section of the UG-CLAT will include a series of short passages of about 300 words each. Each passage will be followed by one or more questions that will require you to:

1. Recognize an argument, its premises, and conclusions; 2. Read and identify the arguments set out in the passage; 3. Critically analyze patterns of reasoning, and assess how conclusions may depend on particular premises or evidence; 4. Infer what follows from the passage and apply these inferences to new situations; 5. Draw relationships and analogies, identify contradictions and equivalence, and assess the effectiveness of arguments.

The study material that will help you is: 1. Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning by RS Aggarwal 2. Analytical and Logical Reasoning by R.S. Aggarwal 3. Analytical Reasoning by MK Pandey

What is expected of you in this section? Candidates must practice the questions they will see on the exam. CLAT syllabus includes a few topics in logical reasoning, candidates will need to identify them by analyzing the previous year’s questions and then practice similar questions

The most important topics include: Syllogism Series Statement & Assumption Statement & Course of Action Statement & Arguments Seating Arrangement Cause & Effect Statement & Inference Weakening & Strengthening argument Blood relations Logical sequences and matching Calendars and clocks Analogies

The difficulty level of the questions is set according to the 12th standard. The total weightage given to this section is 20%.

Tips to remember: – Learn tips on blood relations and seating arrangements from various YouTube channels. Remember the short tricks of the clock and calendars.

5. Quantitative Techniques:

The Consortium says The Quantitative Techniques section of the UG-CLAT 2022 will include short sets of facts or propositions, graphs, or other textual, pictorial, or diagrammatic representations of numerical information, followed by a series of questions.

Candidates will be required to derive information from such passages, graphs, or other representations, and apply mathematical operations to such information.

The questions will require candidates to: 1. Derive, 2. infer, and manipulate numerical information set out in such passages, graphs, or other representations; and 3. Apply various 10th standard mathematical operations on such information, including from areas such as ratios and proportions, basic algebra, mensuration, and statistical estimation.

The study material that will help you is: 1. Quantitative Aptitude by RS Aggarwal 2. Elementary Mathematics with Numerical Ability 3. Class 10th NCERT Textbook

What is expected of you in this section? – to learn basic mathematical operations

The most important topics to study are: – Ratios and proportions, – Basic algebra, – Mensuration – Statistical estimation – Algebra – Pie Chart, – Bar Graph – Line Graph – Table Chart – Mixed Graphs – Caselet D.I. (Passage Based)

The difficulty level of the questions is set according to the 10th standard. The total weightage given to this section is 10%.

Tips to Remember: – Like the name, “Quantitative Techniques“, suggests, the candidate is required to apply various mathematical techniques and formulas to reach the correct conclusion. – Attempt various mock tests and previous years’ questions to understand the kind of questions that are asked in this section.

[competitionguru]

Best KVS Coaching in Chandigarh with Competition Guru Coaching Centre

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan will begin soon for the recruitment of 10114 PGT, TGT, PRT, Assistant Section Officer, Junior/Senior Secretariat Assistant, Sub Staff, and other vacancies. The candidates who want to begin with their career as a teacher, librarian, principal, vice-principal, clerk, and other posts must go through the complete article to know about KVS Recruitment 2022 in detail.KVS Recruitment 2022 will be released at the official website of Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) https://kvsangathan.nic.in/ for the following posts.

➤ Primary Teacher (PRT)

➤ Primary Teacher (Music)

➤ Trained Graduate Teacher (TGT)

➤ Post Graduate Teacher (PGT)

➤ Assistant Section Officer

➤ Junior Secretariat Assistant

➤ Senior Secretariat Assistant

➤ Sub Staff

➤ Stenographer

What is KVS exam ?

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, KVS is an autonomous body of India that operates under the Ministry of Education of India. Being affiliated with the CBSE board, it is an educational chain of Central Government Schools. KVS Exam is conducted every year to recruit thousands of candidates for non-teaching and Teaching Jobs.

KVS 2022- Overview

Recruitment Body Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan

Post Name Teaching & Non-Teaching Posts

Vacancies 16,472

Exam Level Central level Exam

Mode of Application Online

Mode of Exam Offline

Selection Process Written + Interview

Age Limit PRT- 30 years TGT- 35 years PGT- 40 years

Official Website www.kvsangathan.nic.in

KVS Age Limit

Post Graduate Teacher (PGT) 40 years

Trained Graduate Teacher (TGT) 35 years

Primary Teacher (PRT) 30 Years

KVS Educational Qualification for PGT

Two Years’ Integrated Post Graduate M.Sc. The course of Regional College of Education of NCERT in the concerned subject.

Or

Master’s Degree from a recognized university with at least 50% marks in aggregate. b) B.Ed or equivalent degree from a recognized University.

c) Proficiency in teaching in Hindi and English Media.

KVS Educational Qualification for TGT

Four years integrated degree course of Regional College of Education of NCERT in the concerned subject with at least 50% marks in aggregate.

OR

Bachelor’s Degree with at least 50% marks in the concerned subject/combination of subject and in aggregate.

b) B.Ed or equivalent degree from a recognized University.

c) Pass in the Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) Paper-II, conducted by CBSE in accordance with the Guidelines framed by the NCTE for the purpose.

d) Proficiency in teaching in Hindi and English medium.

KVS Educational Qualification for PRT

Senior Secondary (or it is equivalent) with at least 50% marks and 2-year Diploma in Elementary Education (by whatever name known)

OR

Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) with at least 50% marks and 4-year Bachelor of Elementary Education (B. El. Ed.)

OR

Senior Secondary (or it is equivalent) with at least 50% marks and 2-year Diploma in Education (Special Education)

Why competition guru is the best choice for you?

Competition guru coaching centre is the best kvs coaching in chandigarh because we provide the best quality education to our students.

We have a team of experienced and qualified teachers who are dedicated to helping our students succeed.

We also offer a variety of extra-curricular activities to help our students stay well-rounded and prepare for success in all areas of their lives.

competition guru coaching centre is the best choice for you because we offer everything you need to succeed. Contact us today to learn more about our services!

[leavelesstree]

60-day Language Challenge

I decided to make this challenge to keep up with the not-so-hard work of learning Norwegian. Along with the daily tasks, I’ll be practicing the vocabulary I learn with physical cards and the spaced-learning method. The tasks I listed focus on specific skills (writing, listening, speaking, etc.) and they are distributed in different days.Feel free to use, share or adapt this challenge according to your needs.

Happy learning!

Day 1: Learn 5 words.

Day 2: Describe what’s around you in 3-5 lines.

Day 3: Read a children’s short story aloud.

Day 4: Watch a video in/about your target language.

Day 5: Learn 2 idioms.

Day 6: Talk to yourself for 5 minutes in TG.

Day 7: Learn a grammatical rule/concept and explain it.

Day 8: Learn 10 words.

Day 9: Translate a paragraph from English/native tongue to TG.

Day 10: Write (in TG) why you decided to take up that language.

Day 11: Read an article aloud and explain the main idea.

Day 12: Try 2 tongue twisters.

Day 13: Learn a grammatical rule/concept and explain it.

Day 14: Watch a film/video/episode of a series in TG (Subs can be used).

Day 15: Have a small chat with a native.

Day 16: Learn 3 idioms.

Day 17: Describe your room in a paragraph.

Day 18: Learn 15 words.

Day 19: Write about your favourite animal.

Day 20: Listen to a podcast.

Day 21: Learn grammatical rule/concept and explain it.

Day 22: Learn 5 swear words/expressions.

Day 23: Describe someone you know.

Day 24: Learn 20 words.

Day 25: Write about your favourite sport or sport you practice.

Day 26: Watch a film or episode of a series in TG (with subs)

Day 27: Describe a place that makes you feel good.

Day 28: Learn 4 idioms.

Day 29: Chat with a native for 10-15 minutes.

Day 30: Write a short story or a memory about something important to you.

Day 31: Learn 25 words.

Day 32: Read an article and explain what it was about.

Day 33 Listen to a podcast/radio.

Day 34: Learn 5 idioms.

Day 35: Translate two paragraphs of something of your interest.

Day 36: Watch a video/episode of a series in TG (once without subs, then with them).

Day 37: Learn 30 words.

Day 38: Chat with a native about a specific topic of your interest.

Day 39: Learn a grammatical rule/concept and explain it.

Day 40: Describe a dream you’ve had.

Day 41: Read an article and write your position on the topic.

Day 42: Listen to a podcast/radio.

Day 43: Learn 35 words.

Day 44: Describe an imaginary character or place.

Day 45: Read a short story (write new words).

Day 46: Learn 6 idioms.

Day 47: Translate a song from TG to native language (or English), or vice versa.

Day 48: Watch a film.

Day 49: Chat with a native for 20 minutes.

Day 50: Learn 40 words.

Day 51: Listen to a podcast/radio.

Day 52: Make your bucket list in TG.

Day 53: Learn about traditions/customs in a country where your TG is spoken.

Day 54: Learn a grammatical rule/concept and explain it.

Day 55: Write in TG about a tradition/custom in your country.

Day 56: Learn 3 proverbs/sayings.

Day 57: Write about your biggest fear.

Day 58: Make a playlist of music in your TG.

Day 59: Learn 10 words.

Day 60: Choose the task you like the most and practice what you’ve learnt.

[newsfact]

Arsenal vs. Crystal Palace: Time, TV, streaming, betting odds for Premier League Monday night football

Arsenal will host Crystal Palace to close out the Premier League Matchday 8 slate and it’s a compelling matchup that will pit Palace first-year manager Patrick Vieira against his former team where he’s considered a legend.

Vieira played nine seasons at Arsenal, winning three Premier League titles, four FA Cup trophies and racking up the sixth most Premier League appearances in Gunners history. According to the BBC, this will only be the fourth time in history that a former Arsenal player coaches against the team.

But his counterpart at Arsenal, Mikel Arteta, will be more concerned about Crystal Palace’s team than about Vieira. While Arsenal has improved of late under Mikel Arteta (3-0-1 in their last four league matches), Palace is on a strong run of their own (one loss in their last six) and logging better performances from week to week.

MORE: Updated English Premier League schedule

In the seven matches played thus far, Crystal Palace’s only two losses came against first-place Chelsea and second-place Liverpool, which Vieira can live with. But the positive results have been impressive based on how the EPL season has unfolded thus far: In addition to beating Tottenham Hotspur, Crystal Palace (14th, 7 points) has four draws against teams that are in the top 11 places in the standings. It can catch Arsenal in the standings with a win.

Arsenal (13th, 10 points) have similarly found an identity with several new players now fully integrated into the starting lineup and making a difference. The Gunners’ newfound defensive solidity — one goal conceded in the last four matches — has provided the stability for their attackers to express themselves with Emile Smith Rowe taking on an increasingly important role on the team.

How to watch Arsenal vs. Crystal Palace

Date: Monday, Oct. 18

Time: 3 p.m. ET

TV Channels: N/A

Streaming: Peacock

The Matchday 8 finale in the English Premier League is only available via NBC’s streaming service Peacock Premium, which is available for $4.99 per month or $49.99 per year.

MORE: UEFA Champions League schedule & standings

Arsenal vs. Crystal Palace: Lineups

Manager Mikel Arteta should be able to roll out his regular XI for this match minus Granit Xhaka, who is still in his first month of a three-month layoff due to the knee injury picked up against Tottenham. Forward Gabriel Martinelli is the only other injury concern. If he’s not available, one of Folarin Balogun or Eddie Nketiah would be added to the bench.

Arsenal projected starting XI (4-2-3-1, left to right): 32-Aaron Ramsdale-GK — 3-Kieran Tierney, 6-Gabriel, 4-Ben White, 18-Takehiro Tomiyasu — 23-Albert Lokonga, 5-Thomas Partey — 10-Emile Smith Rowe, 8-Martin Odegaard, 7-Bukayo Saka — 14-Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang

Arsenal projected subs (9): 1-Bernd Leno-GK, 20-Nuno Tavares, 17-Cedric, 16-Rob Holding, 15-Ainsley Maitland-Niles, 19-Nicolas Pepe, 25-Mohamed Elneny, 9-Alexandre Lacazette, 26-Folarin Balogun (Others: 22-Pablo Mari, 21-Calum Chambers, 31-Sead Kolasinac, 35-Gabriel Martinelli)

Based on reports, Vieira seems to have a healthy Crystal Palace squad for his selections. He has favored keeping a similar lineup with few changes in his first seven matches in charge. The only long-term absences are midfielder Eberechi Eze and center back Nathan Ferguson.

Crystal Palace projected starting XI (4-3-3, left to right): 13-Vicente Guaita-GK — 3-Tyrick Mitchell, 6-Marc Guehi, 16-Joachim Andersen, 2-Joel Ward — 18-James McArthur, 4-Luka Milivojevic, 23-Conor Gallagher — 11-Wilfried Zaha, 22-Odsonne Edouard, 9-Jordan Ayew

Crystal Palace projected subs (9): 1-Jack Butland-GK, 5-James Tomkins, 17-Nathaniel Clyne, 34-Martin Kelly, 8-Cheikhou Kouyate, 15-Jeffrey Schlupp, 7-Michael Olise, 12-Will Hughes, 20-Christian Benteke (Others: 44-Jairo Riedewald, 14-Jean-Philippe Mateta)

Arsenal vs. Crystal Palace: Betting odds & prediction

Odds courtesy of DraftKings

Pick: Crystal Palace +0.75 Asian Handicap (-105)

The only times that Crystal Palace has been played off the park has been against the very elite teams. Their two lowest possession percentages came against Chelsea (38 percent) and Liverpool (41 percent). When it faces teams of a similar ilk, those matches have been fairly even, including in the expected goals department.

MORE: Why Manchester United is in crisis

This is a home match that Arsenal will be expected to win given the names on the team sheet. But Crystal Palace is a confident side under Patrick Vieira and won’t back down from the occasion. The visitors will find a way to keep it close. The +0.75 Asian Handicap is a winner in case of a draw or Palace win. But it returns half the bet if Crystal Palace loses by a goal.

Prediction: Arsenal 1, Crystal Palace 1

Moneyline: Arsenal -140 / Draw +280 / Crystal Palace +425

Spread (Asian Handicap): Arsenal -0.5 (-140) / Crystal Palace +0.5 (+125)

O/U 2.5 total goals (Asian totals): Over -110 / Under -110

Both Teams To Score: Yes -115 / No -110

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[biomedgrid]

Biomed Grid | Infertility Information System with an approach to Data Architecture: A Systematic Review

Introduction

Infertility is one of the major healthcare problems in all societies around the world [1], and it is one of the most important medical and social problems affecting the mental health of families and societies [2]. According to reports, the world’s infertility rate has risen by 50% since 1955 [3]. In general, infertility is defined as the inability to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse [4-7] for most people, and six months in cases where the woman is older than 35 years of age [8], in a way that the couple are not able to achieve a pregnancy after a year of trying [6]. The United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) has provided the above definition as well, and states that the term “infertility” is also used to refer to women who are able to become pregnant, but who cannot maintain the embryo until the end of pregnancy [9]. Infertility occurs both in women and in men [4,10]. According to the United States National Infertility Association, one couple out of every eight couples at reproductive age, (12.5% of the population at reproductive age) faces the problem of achieving a pregnancy or finishing the pregnancy period [11,12]. The average prevalence of infertility is 3.5% to 16.7% in developed countries, and 6.9% to 9.3% in developing countries [1].

Effective design and implementation of relevant programs and protocols by competent infertility-related organizations and entities play a valuable role in infertility management; that is, they organize health services and reduce costs [13]. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States have released a plan titled “The National Public Health Action Plan”, whose content reflects the scope of programs and activities run by the CDC in relation to infertility management. The aim of this plan is to discover, prevent, and manage infertility [14]. In the United Kingdom, the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA) is responsible for the treatment of infertility. This organization is responsible for collecting data about assisted reproductive technology (ART), stored in a database called the “HFEA Register” [15].

The above-mentioned countries and other countries that have infertility management plans have employed information systems to effective and efficient management of infertility. Information systems can provide information regarding more precise assessment of infertility in society, as well as the safety and effectiveness of treatments. These systems can collect information from sources such as donors of egg, sperms, and embryos, patients treated through specific fertilization methods, and cancer patients who use fertility preservation techniques [16]. With increasing infertility globally, the importance of infertility information systems becomes further highlighted. Such a system can help health authorities, medical professionals, and laboratory experts provide patients with optimal care. It can also give the general public a better understanding and view of ART [17]. One of the appropriate methods for comparing pieces of infertility information is the establishment of an information system to collect comprehensive data from all centers that carry out ART [18]. Due to the increasing growth of infertility data and information and importance of managing data and information collected about ART, an information system is needed to collect, control, and regulate these therapeutic cycles in terms of reducing potential risks [19] because the analysis of the probability of success in the treatment of infertility is influenced by the complete and valid data which are made available. For instance, the efficacy of ART is shown by data related to the usefulness and safety of such methods. Data related to treatment methods and their outcomes are important and interesting to all stakeholders including patients, health planners, inspectors, and centers for assisted reproduction [20]. In order to provide infertile couples with appropriate services, it is essential to have an information system because such a system allows for sharing experiences between different centers, and helps define the best dimensions of treatment to improve the outcomes of ART. In addition, in order to provide infertility plans, it is important to exchange information about the accessibility, efficacy, and safety of ART. Therefore, all stakeholders can enhance the advantages of such developing techniques [21].

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the main components of infertility information systems with an approach to data architecture in order to provide a basis for the production and implementation of an efficient infertility information system

Materials-and-Methods

Electronic sources were searched based on MeSh and Emtree terms in the title, abstract, and keywords of articles published in English.

Searches were conducted in the databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Embase within a time interval from 2007 to 2018. Figure 1 shows the search strategy for finding relevant articles. Part I (A) contains infertility-related terms, and Part II (B) contains terms related to information systems. In Figure 1, MeSH and Emtree terms appear bolder than other terms. With these two parts combined, the search query was formed: (“Infertility” or ���Reproductive Sterility” or “Sterility” or “Sterility, Reproductive” or “Sub-Fertility” or “Subfertility” or “Assisted Reproductive Technology”) and (“Information Systems” or “Registry” or “Data Source” or “Database” or “Information architecture” or “Data architecture” or “Information architecture modeling” or “Information system architecture” or “Information system architecture modeling” or “infertility data interchange” or “infertility data exchange” or “infertility data sharing” or “infertility data interoperable” or “data standard”)

Figure 1:Key words, Emtree and MeSH terms (bold terms) used in the search strategy

The complementary search continued through reviewing the list of references in the selected articles, and after reading the full text, an article was added to the existing articles. When reviewing the full text of articles, studies related to each of the various stages of designing, launching, creating, developing, and analyzing the results of processing data available in information systems and/or networks of databases and registries for infertility and assisted reproductive technology (at the regional, national, and international levels) were selected. At this stage, no relevant studies were found at the Cochrane database. Out of the articles from other databases, studies that were necessarily about software production and assessment, data mining analysis and/or bioinformatics topics were excluded from the screening process. The search procedure and results are shown in Chart 2. At the stage of completing the selected articles, a deeper study of the full texts was conducted to gain a further understanding of the description of the place of each component of the data architecture in an infertility information system as well as how each of them works in the system. Different types of databases and registries, how they are related to different types of organizations responsible for supervising, owning, and managing infertility and ART databases, data sources, datasets, and data standards were analyzed. At the data extraction stage, the results of this analysis were adjusted and completed in the form of content lists and tables as well as their detail classification tables

Results

44 articles were selected out of the 2,490 records found, after the screening process (Figure 2). The reviewed studies had been conducted between the years 2007 to 2018.

Figure 2:Search Flow Diagram

The largest number of studies with 12 cases (27.27%) belonged to Europe. Only three cases (6.81%) out of the studies belonged to African countries, one case belonged to Australia, and eight cases out of the studies were conducted at the international level (Table 1). After reviewing the full texts of articles included in the study and categorizing the findings, finally, the data architecture components of infertility information systems were divided into five groups: the data sources of databases, the institutional ownership of databases, data exchanges, datasets, and data standards (Table 2).

Table 1: Distribution of articles according to geographical origin

Table 2:Infertility Information System Characteristics.

Data Sources

Based on studies conducted, databases of infertility information systems can be supplied with data from various sources including databases of clinics and infertility centers; and these data can be in paper or electronic forms [22-29]. Some infertility clinics like those in Belgium use web-based systems [30] to report their data; and some others, like those in Japan, use online registration systems [31,32]. Each infertility database uses multiple data sources (Table 3). categorizes a summary of these data sources. The most important sources to receive information (in electronic and/ or paper reporting forms) are infertility clinics. In addition, these databases may receive information from other registries. Whereas, there are also some databases, whose data sources are other registries, and an example of which is the Danish IVF registry database, which receives its data from the Danish Medical Birth Register and the Danish National Patient Register in addition to electronic forms of infertility clinics [27]. Furthermore, in the United States, data from the National ART Surveillance System (NASS) are linked to the states’ vital records and the disease registry [25].

Table 3:Common data sources in Infertility Information System

Organizations Involved in Data Management

Table 4 :Organization involved in data Management.

Based on the conducted studies, there are national authorities in different countries that are responsible for managing and supervising infertility data sent from clinics, as well as for maintaining databases. Organizations involved in the infertility data management are classified into two groups: producing organizations (clinics) and coordinating and supervising organizations. The supervising organizations in the conducted studies were nonprofit [30] and/or state-owned organizations [18,21,22,25,26,29]. One of the most important coordinating and supervising organizations, based on the studies, was the Division of Reproductive Health (DRH) at the CDC [25]. Table 4 lists coordinating and supervising organizations referred to in the studies.

Data Exchanges

Based on the studies, data exchanges were performed between infertility clinics and the central infertility and ART database in 17 cases (38.63%) out of the studies. From among the other data exchanges observed in two cases (54.4%) out of the studies, were data exchanges between the infertility or ART registry and other registries and records (Table 5)

Table 5 :Data exchange.

Datasets and Data Standards

Out of the 44 reviewed articles, all of them had addressed datasets and their relevant elements. The datasets are categorized into five main groups: demographic data, medical history, ART-related data, and data related to the outcomes and complications of these procedures (Table 6).

Data such as the results of laboratory and imaging procedures were also found in the studied databases. Some of the studies have also referred to data elements such as participating centers [23], performed treatments [24, 33-40], and/or singleton and multiple- gestation pregnancies [33,34,36,38-41]. The number of transmitted embryos has also been mentioned in a number of studies [23,24,30,33,34,36,38-40]. Moreover, a study has referred to the number of canceled treatments [41].

Twenty-two cases (50%) had referred to the use of standard terminologies in order to standardize infertility datasets. These cases are related to the use of a glossary on ART terminology published by the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART).

Table 6 :Infertility Information System Characteristics

Discussion

In the second decade of the new millennium, infertility has still remained a very common situation across the world. The infertility rate reaches 30% in some parts of the world including South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Eastern and Central Europe, and Central Asia [42]. Infertility is of great importance in western societies in a way that its average prevalence is estimated at 9% in these countries [43].

In developed European [18,23,27,30,50,52,54-59] and American [22,25,26,32-39] countries, more attention has been paid to the issues of infertility and its treatment, as well as the creation and development of registries and databases in this domain. The present study classifies organizations involved in infertility data management into two groups: producing organizations and coordinating organizations. It should be noted that the most important group among these organizations includes data-producing organizations into which infertility clinics fall. These organizations can be either governmental or non-governmental. Careful and continuous supervision by supervising organizations can have a significant effect on improving the performance of data-producing organizations. If correct, relevant, and high-quality data are generated by the group of producing companies, managerial levels can use these data to make and update appropriate policies in this regard.

Based on the findings of the present study, the data sources of an infertility information system are diverse. These sources put patients’ clinical data at the disposal of the system. They mainly include electronic and/or paper forms, web-based systems, and/or online registration systems that contain main data about infertility and ART, and that are sent to the central infertility database through clinics [2,22-28,30-32,35,37,41). In addition to these essential data, an infertility information system can receive data from birth registries, patient registries [27], disease registries, and vital records [25]. Moreover, receiving follow-up data from medical records can help complete the information of infertility databases [44].

Due to the diversity of data sources in an infertility information system, it is very difficult to determine a dataset for such a system. Therefore, different datasets for infertility have been introduced in sources [20,45-47]. One type of categorization is the division of datasets into seven categories: main demographic data; treatment cycle characteristics; data on the type of drugs used; data on oocytes; fertility; and embryos; and treatment outcome (pregnancy and childbirth) and complication data [46]. Another category introduced in this regard divides the required data into two general categories: clinical and paraclinical data. Paraclinical data include data on couples’ laboratory test results and couples’ medical imaging results. Clinical data encompasses data on females’ current disease history; females’ reproductive system history; pregnancy history; females’ sexual and infertility history; male’s diseases and problems; males’ case history; couples’ previous medical and surgical history; couples’ disease history; couples’ consultations; and couples’ treatments [45]. Another categorization divides these data into three main groups: the patient’s main information, the previous medical history, and the treatment plan [47]. In another example of categorization, infertility data are divided into patients’ demographic data, their medical history, and the results of laboratory tests, diagnosis, and treatment [20]. Although all these categorizations include main data required for infertility management and treatment, some studies take into consideration the number of infertility centers and clinics [23], the number of treatments performed [23,24,33-40], and the number of treatments canceled as well [41]. It is noteworthy that in all the studies, demographic data, and diagnostic and therapeutic data were taken into consideration, but that paraclinical data and data on medical history and treatment outcomes and complications were not reported in some studies. This is while the safety and success rates of ART can be assessed based on the results of these treatments. Due to the diversity of data sources and infertility data, efficient and effective use of these data requires the presence of an integrated information platform; and this integration is realizable in the light of using data standards.

Different types of standards affect the quality of data in different dimensions [48]. It is essential to have standard definitions in order to benchmark the ART results at the national and international levels. When data are collected internationally, standardization is necessary so that efficiency, safety, and quality of multinational actions and researches can be monitored [49].

In the present study, a standard terminology was introduced for the purpose of data exchanges. This standard terminology is based on a glossary on ART terminology published by the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) under the title “ICMART-World Health Organization (WHO) glossary” [18,21,24,29,30,33,34,36,38-40,49,51-65]. A standard terminology provides a common language that facilitates data exchanges between different registries and databases. Although other standards such as HL7 Messaging Standard are used to exchange health documents, this study has only addressed standard terminologies.

Data exchanges and how they flow at different levels are among the components of data architecture [50]. In the present study, infertility clinics transmit data requested from coordinating and monitoring organizations in different forms (electronic or paper forms, online registration systems) to central databases present in these organizations [17,22-28,30-32,35,37,41]. Another group of communications is data exchanges between the central database or registry and other specialized databases and registries such as the medical birth registry and the national patient registry [27]. Of course, it should be noted that the presence of a developed information system can integrate patients’ information, improve the quality, safety, and accessibility of medical care services, reduce costs, and provide specialists with relevant and necessary information, and facilitate researches into the field of infertility through collecting comprehensive, complete, and integrated data. Due to the need for the collection of accurate data, as well as analysis and processing of these data, the presence of an infertility information system is essential for any country because an infertility information system can help better understand the effect of ART on infertile people.

Conclusion

The presence of an integrated information system is of great importance for effective and efficient infertility management. If this system can be produced and developed based on the principles of the architecture of information systems, infertility data management will improve. Clear data sources, use of standard datasets that facilitate data collection and processing, and use of messaging standards will result in appropriate responses to users’ needs at different levels.

Acknowledgements

We declare that we have no conflict of interest. There is no financial support in this study.

Read More About this Article: https://biomedgrid.com/fulltext/volume5/infertility-information-system-with-an-approach-to-data-architecture-a-systematic-review.000922.php

For more about: Journals on Biomedical Science :Biomed Grid | Current Issue

[recentanimenews]

Evangelion 3.0+1.0 Syncs to Over 9.99 Billion Yen at Japanese Box Office

  With only a week and a half until Evangelion 3.0+1.0: Thrice Upon a Time leaves most theaters in Japan on July 21, fans are waiting in bated breath for the “final” Evangelion anime film to hit the 10 billion yen milestone and enter an exclusive club of only 8 other anime films. Sadly people will have to wait longer because, according to the official Evangelion Twitter account, it hasn’t reached that number … yet.

    3月8日(月)〜7月11日(日)の126日間累計で 興行収入99.9億円、 観客動員654万人を突破致しました。 コロナ禍の中、ご鑑賞いただいた皆様をはじめ、本作に関わられた各所皆様のお力があっての状況です。 改めて深く御礼申し上げます。 そして#シン��ヴァ は7月21日に終映致します（一部劇場を除く）

— エヴァンゲリオン公式 (@evangelion_co) July 12, 2021

    According to the above Tweet, and subsequent article from Mantan Web, Evangelion 3.0+1.0 has exceeded 9.997 billion yen (US$91.19 million) at the Japanese box office on the back of 6.54 million tickets sold. This brings Evangelion 3.0+1.0 up to 38th on the all-time Japanese box office chart, above The Adventures of Milo and Otis (known in Japan as Koneko Monogatari) and below Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. 

  Though separately, Kogyo Tsushin, which surveys the Japanese box office weekly, doing so since 1951, reports that Evangelion 3.0+1.0 has already reached 10 billion yen.

  Either way, Evangelion 3.0+1.0 will reach 10 billion yen before the film ends its run in a week and a half. Which is impressive, as the three previous films have only grossed approximately 12 billion yen combined inside Japan. Anno will see the landmark of robot anime over the next week.

    Evangelion 3.0+1.0 finally opened in Japan after being delayed twice due to the coronavirus pandemic on March 8, breaking franchise records on the first day and eventually becoming the highest-grossing film in the franchise in Japan in less than a month, then the highest-grossing worldwide in 35 days, and finally the 9th highest-grossing anime film in Japan of all-time. It is the longest film in the franchise (not including compilations or special screenings). An updated version of the film, Evangelion 3.0+1.01, was released in Japanese theaters on June 12. The film streams internationally on Amazon Prime Video on August 13 in English subbed and dubbed formats.

  Sources: Evangelion on Twitter, Mantan Web, Kogyo Tsushin

  ---- 

Daryl Harding is a Japan Correspondent for Crunchyroll News. He also runs a YouTube channel about Japan stuff called TheDoctorDazza, tweets at @DoctorDazza, and posts photos of his travels on Instagram.

By: Daryl Harding

[tilbageidanmark]

Movies I watched this week - 22

Ramin Bahrani’s masterpiece Goodbye Solo. 

Here is the first scene:

A grumpy old white man gets into a night cab in Winston-Salem, NC and hires the friendly Senegalese driver to take him out to a mountain cliff outside town. Solo, the driver, jokes with him “Why? Are you gonna jump off?” but the old man doesn’t answer, and the smile disappear from the driver’s face...

9/10

✴️                

Eighth Grade - A coming of age story of an introverted and awkward 13 year old girl who struggles with anxiety. She lives with her dad whom she locks out even though he’s well-meaning and supportive.

It’s all about social acceptance, screens and self-doubt.

I can see Adora there in a year or two, confused, uncertain about her life and having to come to terms with the “friends” around her.

Real, sad and hard to watch! 7+/10

✴️           

Unexpected discovery of the week:

Black honey ( דבש שחור ), A biography of a poet I never heard of, Abraham Sutzkever, who is now regarded as the greatest Yiddish poet of all time, and is even considered by some as the “most important Israeli Poet ever”.

According to the documentary, he led a truly remarkable life, from his birth in Siberia, surviving hell on earth at the Vilna ghetto during World War II and being rescued by an order of Stalin himself, testifying at the first Nuremberg trials, and living in Tel Aviv for over 50 years, practically unknown, because he refused to switch writing his poetry from Yiddish to Hebrew. Astounding!

✴️                       

2 with Irrfan Khan (who died exactly a year ago):

✳️✳️✳️ In The Lunchbox, an unloved Mumbai wife sends her husband home cooked meals via the local dabbawallas food carrying system, but her Dabba is being delivered by mistake to a lonely, older widower.

“The wrong train can lead you to the right station”

A tender, quiet story about longing and loneliness from first-time director Ritesh Batra (who later directed ‘Our Souls At night’).

- Best film of the week.

This movie caused me to realize something about this film-reviewing project:

Right now I am mostly attracted to simple, earnest and compassionate stories about “real” people with “real” emotions. So many of the films I choose are like that: Wistful and restrained.

✳️✳️✳️ Puzzle (2018) was Irrfan Khan’s final English-language role before his death. It tells a soft and atmospheric story about an undervalued housewife who slowly discovers herself after she receives a 1000 pc. jigsaw puzzle for her birthday. 7/10

✴️                  

Won’t you be my neighbor? - a kind biography of the inspirational Mr. Rogers, created in 2018, a hateful and terrible year.

✴️                

After discovering ‘The Station Agent’ and ‘Win Win’ last week, I went through the rest of Tom McCarty’s films (the only one I couldn’t find is ‘The Visitor’):

✳️✳️✳️ First in line, Timmy Failure: Mistakes Were Made. I can imagine that this is a perfect film for 12 year olds. A unique boy who refuses to be ‘normal’ runs a detective agency, “Total Failure Inc.”, with an imaginary polar bear partner in wacky Portland, OR. (Photo above)

Surprised to see Craig Robinson as a 100% empathetic school counselor! 9/10

✳️✳️✳️ Re-watch (Fifth time? sixth?...) - Spotlight: Pitch perfect newsroom procedural story of the investigative team at the Boston Globe as they uncovered the massive child sex abuse of the Catholic Church.

10/10

✳️✳️✳️ The Cobbler - I can’t understand why this film was Adam Sandler's biggest box-office flop, or why it got on so many Worst Films Of 2014 lists.

A warm and lovely fairy tale (especially the first half) about a shoe maker (  סַנדְלָר ) who learn to "Live in someone else's shoes". 5+

✳️✳️✳️ Pixar’s UP - With a story by Tom McCarty. There are 2 stories here: The very emotional relationship between Carl, the Spencer Tracy character, and his wife Ellie, and the South American adventures. I remembered the first part vividly, and didn’t realize that they already reached Paradise Falls after 30 minutes:  The rest of the movie was centered around the fights with explorer Charles Muntz.

The first 10 minutes opening scene, though...

✳️✳️✳️ Finally, One million Arm, a Tom McCarty’s script turned into a disappointing Disney production: So formulaic that I knew to the minute when Alan Arkin is going to pop up again.

✴️                     

First watch: What Happened, Miss Simone? A biography of the second greatest female singer, who also suffered the tragic fate of being born black and female in America.

✴️                

The Rider, Chloé Zhao’s magnificent film before Nomadland. 

Dark, authentic and powerful “Western” story of a rodeo rider who had a brain injury while falling from a horse (in real life). Played by all non-actors from an Indian reservation in the Badlands of South Dakota. 

One of Obama’s 2018 favorite films.

"Play the cards you are dealt, Let it go."

✴️                    

Hated in the nation - Another re-watch of my all-time favorite “Black Mirror” episode (I actually mentioned it on the first blog post of this project - so less than 6 months ago!). Because of “Puzzle” (above), I returned to see Kelly Macdonald as DCI Karin Parks (together with her side-kick “Blue Coulson”).

A perfect thriller! I would binge on a series led by these two!

10/10

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“...From the Buddhists to the whores...”

Asleep & Awake: Spend 35 minutes in the bathroom of 81 year old Henry Miller

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Young Fronkensteen - with Inspector Kemp, whose German accent is so thick that even his own countrymen cannot understand him - and Gene Hackman as the blind hermit.

“Hallo. Vould you like to have a roll in ze hay?”

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Margaret is an over-long (2.5 hours), meandering story about a privileged and self-absorbed Manhattan teen who witnesses a woman being killed by a bus. It’s attention-seeking and unfocused with a dozen unrelated sub-plots, each going on its own tangent and leading nowhere. It starts on the wrong foot by casting 29 year old Anna Paquin as a teenager who bickers and argues with everybody around her, who also exhibit breakdowns in communication and aggressive assholery all around. Unpleasant slog! Even Mark Ruffalo gets to play an unsympathetic character.

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H.R. Giger’s 1979 wet dream - Alien. Also, Sigourney Weaver’s first role. (She’s 71 years old now). A group of incompetent space explorers / scientists discover some alien organism in space, and do everything possible not to protect themselves. Overrated, empty horror. 2/10

- - - - -  

Throw-back to the  art project:

Adora with Mr. Rogers and with Daniel Tiger.

Nina Simone Adora.

Young Frankenstein Adora.

Alien Adora.   

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(My complete movie list is here)

[emunenen]

Makao Bora

New Post has been published on https://wp.me/paK8na-47E

How to join the Kenya Defense Force - KDF

All prospective candidates willing to join KDF must meet the following conditions and academic qualifications :

General Conditions

Be a Kenyan citizen with no dual citizenship.

Be in possession of a valid Kenyan ID. Additionally, four copies of the ID and PIN certificates will be required.

Age – Between 18 and 26 years old for GSO cadets, general duty recruits and tradesmen/women with certificates/government trade test, not above 30 years for specialist officers, Tradesmen/women with diplomas, and not above 39 years for chaplains/imams.

Be physically and medically fit in accordance with the KDF standards.

Have no criminal record.

Minimum Height :

(a) Men – 1.60m (5ft 3in)

(b) Women – 1.52m (5ft)

Minimum Weight :

(a) Men – 54.55 Kg (120 lb).

(b) Women – 50.00 Kg (110 lb).

Female candidates must not be pregnant at the time of recruitment and during the entire duration of training.

Specialist officers and tradesmen/women should have a minimum of two years of practising experience in their field of specialisation from the date of registration with the relevant regulatory/statutory body in Kenya.

    Minimum Academic Qualifications

General Service Officer (GSO) Cadets. 

Must hold a minimum mean grade of B (Plain) in KCSE with C + in English, Mathematics and one Science subject. The training period for this category will cover three years leading to a BSc degree in Military Science and Security Studies upon completion.

    General Service Officer (GSO) Cadet – Undergraduate Degree Holders.

Must hold the minimum requirement to qualify as GSO Cadet above and be a holder of an undergraduate degree from a recognized university/institution in any of the disciplines being recruited.

The training period for this category will be eleven months.

Specialist Officers.

Must hold the minimum requirement to qualify as GSO Cadet above except for chaplains / imaams who must hold a minimum mean grade of C + in KCSE. 

Must be a holder of an undergraduate degree from a recognized university/ institution and be registered with a regulatory/statutory body (where applicable) in any of the disciplines listed.

The training period for specialist officers will be six months.

Servicemen/women General Duty Recruits. – Must hold a minimum mean grade of D (plain) in KCSE.

    Tradesmen/women 

Prospective candidates willing to apply must satisfy the conditions and requirements given below :

(a) Technicians. A minimum mean grade of C ( Plain ) in KCSE, a relevant diploma or above from a recognized institution and be registered with the relevant statutory bodies, where applicable.

(b) Artisans. A minimum mean grade of D + in KCSE and either a relevant certificate with government trade test grade II or Craft II from a recognized institution.

(C) National Youth Service (NYS) trained technicians or artisans who meet the above requirements are encouraged to apply.

    Constables

(a) Be a retired Kenya Defence Forces Service Member or a retired National

Youth Serviceman/woman.

(b) Be between the ages of 30 and 55 years old for retired KDF and between 35 and 45 years old for retired NYS.

(c) Possess a Discharge Certificate with a minimum rating of “Very Good” in conduct.

(d) Must have served for nine years in the Colour Service and retired honourably from KDF.

A list of vacancies available for cadets with undergraduate degrees and diplomas can be accessed on KDF’s official social media accounts. 

    Detailed CVs which should include height and weight, clear photocopies of relevant academic certificates, professional body membership certificates and ID must be attached to the application and addressed to the :

Assistant Chief of the Defence Forces

(Personnel and Logistics)

Ministry of Defence

Defence Headquarters

Ulinzi House

PO Box 40668 – 00100

Nairobi.

DOWNLOAD THE NEWSPAPER ADVERT

The applications for specialist officers and tradesmen/women should reach the addressee on or before February 8, 2021. Candidates that will be shortlisted for specialist officers and tradesmen/women shall be notified through the print media between February 18 February 25, 2021.

The KDF recruiting teams consisting of the Kenya Army, the Kenya Air Force and the Kenya Navy will be visiting the recruitment centres in every sub-county to recruit GSO Cadets, General Service Officer Cadets – Undergraduate degree holders, General Duty Recruits and Defence Forces Constables.

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[northernphilippines]

Best options for students to study MBBS Abroad

In the modern era, things have completely changed. People want to be independent. They want to face life and learn life independently. Today in the early age after high school, students go out for their higher education to study abroad. Moving out, they learn to adapt changes including people, culture, tradition, lifestyles, new languages and practices. They will be able to explore and learn life more wisely. And a big positive attitude in today’s world is accepting the change. Parents are also now aware of how important is to handle life and changes. They want their children to be independent in every aspects of life including choosing their career.

Most of the Indian students prefer to study abroad. Why? Is it because the Indian education system is poor? NO. The reason is Lakhs of students pass out from high school every year and available seats for admission is quiet limited. Admission to India’s top-ranked institutes is highly competitive. High cut-offs cause even the brightest student to lose their hope. Many Indian students are not able to get placed after graduation. As a result the next alternative way is to study abroad. Studying abroad gives multiple options and better research opportunities. Even though India is a developing country, there is a lack of practical application of skill. Many Indian students are not able get placed after graduation.

MBBS, the Medical field is among the highest paid field in India and the highest paid course. Being a Doctor is a pride and prestige for Indian families. Some of them has doctor dream as their childhood dream and passion. Due to lack of seat in India and high fee structure, studying abroad is a better option. Preferably most chosen countries for MBBS are Philippines, China, Russia, Ukraine and Central America. Now let’s discuss about the pros and cons of each country.

PHILIPPINES

Philippines is the country in Asia, with Manila as the capital city. The official language spoken in the country is Filipino and English. Culture of the country is the traditional Filipino and Spanish catholic traditions influenced from America and other parts of Asia. Filipinos are family oriented and religious. MBBS in Philippines is often chosen by Indian students. There are lot of pros and cons studying in Philippines. And the pros overweight the cons.

Pros  

 Philippines have similar climate like India and they have similar diseases. Temperature does not go minus even in extreme winter season. Therefore it is easy to study and relate the symptoms.

There is no language problem. Because 95% of Philippines speak English. They can communicate easily with the patients.

Low fee structure compared to Indian private medical colleges. 15-16 Lakhs minimum.

Easy pathway to USA and developed countries.

Philippines hospitals have good infrastructure and environmental friendly. They also have good patient inflow which helps the students to gain better clinical knowledge and understanding.

Cons

You cannot get direct admission in the medical course after 12th. You have to enrol in the pre medical course or BS after 12th.

There are no direct flights from India.

 CHINA

China is the country in East Asia. China is known as the world most populated country. Capital city of china is Beijing. Official language of china is Mongolian, Uyghur, and Tibetan.  China is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and a respected Medical educational tradition.

Pros

 Medical course in china is much cheaper than in India.

Good number of medical universities is recognized by MCI.

Medicine Syllabus is according to Indian pattern. Minimum qualification score is 60 % in physics, chemistry, and biology in 12th.

 Cons

It is compulsory to study local language because majority of the population speaks Chinese. In that case it will be difficult to communicate with the local patients.

Country is not an option for vegetarians. Pork is the main food in china.

After the course completion you have to give particular medical license exam.

Medical passing percentile is less.

China has more than 35% university, which has been ranked ‘C’ by the           MCI.

The international students are prohibited from touching the patient during an internship.

RUSSIA

Russia is the country located in Eastern Europe and northern Asia. Moscow is the capital city. Russia is the largest country. Official language is Russian and other common languages are English, German, Tatar, Ukrainian etc. Medical study in Russia is very easy for a normal student. Studying Mbbs in Russia is very easy for international students. Anyone across the globe can apply for a seat in medical colleges without any entry exam.

 Pros

Russia has no medical entrance exam & no donation.

Indian canteen is available in most of the universities.

More than 80 medical universities in Russia are recognized by WHO and 48 by MCI.

There are some medical universities which have high standards of education and provide all the medical facilities for the studies.

 Cons

Whether, it will be difficult for some students to adapt. But overtime they get adjusted to the climate.

Russia is cold country therefore change in disease pattern as compared to India. There are only some diseases especially which is caused by mosquitoes.

 Language barrier is found because not every university speaks English.

 Less medical facilities in some universities which provides low infrastructure and facilities.

The training is not done on the actual bodies; instead, it is done on dummies.

UKRAINE

Ukraine is the country in Europe. Capital city is Kyiv. They are known for its orthodox churches. Ukraine culture is the composition of material and spiritual values. MBBS in Ukraine is globally recognized. Official language of Ukraine is Ukrainian. MBBS in Ukraine is popular among the Indian medical aspirants as many top medical universities that offer MBBS in Europe are actually listed with the world’s famous medical institutions. This, in turn, enables the students to practice medicine anywhere after they study MBBS in Ukraine.

Pros

Medical universities are recognized worldwide.

Most government medical universities welcome international students and have favorable fee structure.

Easy to get medical admission and no entrance test. Most universities give MCI coaching classes.

Indian food is available and vegetarian meals also easily available.

Ukraine has safe and secured environment.

 Cons

Practical training is comparatively less.

They have different disease pattern as compared to India. Therefore      medical treatment also varies.

Learning local language is a must.

Major disadvantage is lack of mentor, and less infrastructure.

There are lot of agents who used to give false information to students. Therefore, students have to research and contact agents who have direct tie-ups with the universities.

CENTRAL AMERICA

Central America is the region in North America also defined as the sub region of the Americas. Guatemala City is the capital of largest Central America and the smallest is Belmopan Belize .Languages spoken are Spanish, English etc. Medical universities have been successful and are working over 45 countries. Studying in American medical Universities you can get a world-class education and a wide knowledge. 

 Pros

 MBBS degree is recognized all over the world so that students can work all over the country.

Central America has some top medical universities with no capitation fees.

The infrastructures offered in universities, laboratories, and research centres is highly advanced and has latest medical equipment and tools.

Cons.

Central America holds very expensive degree .

Each state follows a different curriculum of courses which varies in education pattern.

In medical job placement sectors, foreign students will get rejected due to surety of commitment towards work.

In the recent years, it is noticed that there is lack of focus on medical research.

Most courses are taught in Spanish while in Brazil, Portuguese is the official language of delivery. 

Loneliness is a common disadvantage of studying abroad.

IELTS / TOEFL, SAT, MCAT Score are required.

Concluding, students have to research and get the right information regarding MBBS in India and Abroad. Please note that choosing MBBS in abroad is a decision that you make to fulfil your desire to become a successful doctor. But this also means that you have to study hard and work hard. Apart from that if you are willing to come back to India and practice medicine in India itself, then always look for the country and universities which is MCI (medical council of India) recognized. Likewise, each country has its pros and cons.

Students those who are already studying in abroad proving that there is no need to hate Abroad for MBBS. Those who worry about Tuition Fee or value your profession based on money, universities abroad charge only 1/4th tuition fees of private universities and colleges in India. Opportunities are being provided to everyone, it's your choice to analyze your needs and make a decision. The right decision and hard work will surely get you a long way.

[onlineclasswala]

How to prepare for RAS Online Test Series: Mains and Prelims

Rajasthan Administrative Services is the full form of RAS. The Rajasthan Administrative Services is a state civil service of Rajasthan state which is founded in 1950 along with Rajasthan Police services, Rajasthan Account services & many other services. The Controlling Authority for RAS services is Government of Rajasthan where the Governor of the state conducts the RAS exams to appoint all the future RAS officers who will run the state. Being a RAS officer is not an easy task, although it’s not much tough to clear, the state is only searching for those officers who can plan according to the situation and execute under the strict time limits. The HCM Rajasthan State Institute of Public Administration helps numerous civil servants to achieve their RAS exams goals also provides you with two years of training under their guidance.

There are multiple posts for RAS officers at a district level and sub-district level. They work at the grounded level of administration for policy implementation and policy formulation and delivered various government services including maintenance of rules and regulations.

 Online Class Wala is a practice of Mr Amit Budania in Sikar, Rajasthan who take initiative to start an interactive e-learning platform to delivers RAS Online Test Series and RAS Coaching Classes for all the candidates who are preparing for RAS, Civil services and other competitive exams. Every year numerous students apply for RAS & other civil exams where we provide affordable online education to develop competence skills among the willing candidates also offer RAS Prelims Online Test Series & RAS Mains Online Test Series 2020 in Hindi and English medium. We offer a sequence of test series along with classroom learning material which is available on our website also our highly skilled teachers who helped students to achieve their goals.

RAS PRELIMS ONLINE TEST SERIES

RAS Prelims test series is an initial stage of RAS examinations which promote applicants to further stage and next level, that is RAS Mains Exam. It is important to qualify the RAS prelims on first hand to take a deep dive into the world of civil services. RAS prelims include the mock tests series for the applicants to prepare for the RAS mains exams.

RAS MAINS ONLINE TEST SERIES

RAS Mains is the final stage which includes the written test and checks the preparedness of the applicants to clear the exam with their 100% efforts. Online Class Wala covers the entire syllabus of the RAS Online Test Series also, help with topic wise tests & study materials in both Hindi and English medium.

Online Class Wala main focus is to implement wide insight into all topics which are covered by several competitive exams. Along with a combination of video lectures and theoretical scrolls presents classroom approach teaching through the world of the internet which can be easily reached from any place in anytime and provides a rich knowledge experience.

 How to Crack RAS exams?

There are some tips for cracking RAS exams that are:

·         Self-study is the most important part of RAS & any competitive exams. Without self-study, it becomes difficult to remember the syllabus and pattern of the exams.

·         Make a Time-Table according to your time and follow the table regularly.

·         Solve previous years question papers (last 5 to 10 Years).

·         Practice answer writing every day to compete for your own record.

·         And last, have faith in yourself to achieve your goals and accomplished them.

 The RAS exams held every year where the RPSC (Rajasthan Public Service Commission) conducts Rajasthan State & Subordinate Services exams and other civil services to recruit future RAS officers. There is no such attempts limit to pass this exam but there is an age limit of 35 years for General category. Online Class Wala wish good luck to all the aspirants who are preparing for the RAS and other Civil Services Exams.