#2:1 Hydrogen And Oxygen Golden Ratio.

[paganimagevault]

The Pentagram of Pythagoras

"Pythagoras was the first of the great teachers of ancient Greece. Born in 580 B.C., Pythagoras became one of the most well known philosophers and mathematicians in history. Creating the Pythagorean Brotherhood, his teachings greatly influenced Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Pythagoras is considered as the first pure mathematician; he also founded a community/society based on religion and science. He is most widely known as the author of the Pythagorean Theorem. Some even venture to believe that the word “philosophy” was invented by Pythagoras. He claimed to be a lover of wisdom, for which the Greek word philo means love and Sophia means wisdom.

The Teachings of Pythagoras revolved around the idea that when considering the deepest level, reality is essentially mathematical in nature. Pythagoreans believed there was a system of principles that existed behind numbers. The principles form a foundation for many concepts of traditional Western thought. One of his most basic notions revolves around the symbolism and beauty associated with the Divine Proportion.

The shape of the pentad follows as the symbol of life itself. The pentad consists of all previous numerical symbols: monad’s point, the dyad’s line, the triad’s surface, and the tetrad’s three dimensional volume. The pentad also refers to the well known five point star. The pentad arises in the existence of our five fingers, five toes, the symbol that wards off evil, and a symbol for power and immunity. Because of the importance of the pentad, the construction of the symbol was first kept secret from society. The pentad was used as a secret sign among the Pythagoreans for them to distinguish themselves and recognize other members.

The pentad’s symbolism can be directly related to the Divine Proportion. And the regeneration of the pentad is related to the value of phi (Ф). The image of the pentad is found in nature in leaves and flowers. The Greeks believed each point of the pentad to represent an element: water, earth, air, fire, and idea.

At any rate all his [Pythagoras'] school in serious letters to each other began straightway with 'Health to you,' as a greeting most suitable for both body and soul, encompassing all human goods. Indeed the Pentagram, the triple intersecting triangle which they use as a symbol of their sect, they called 'Health'.

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) wrote: "Geometry has two great treasures; one is the Theorem of Pythagoras; the other, the division of a line into extreme and mean ratio. The first we may compare to a measure of gold; the second we may name a precious jewel."

...

"The axial structure of B-DNA is shown in Figures 2 and 4. The rotation of each base pair by 36◦, in the canonical B-DNA molecule, gives a complete 360◦ rotation every 10 base pairs and results in a decagonal structure and ten-fold rotational symmetry. These properties alone relate the axial structure of the molecule to Φ. Although a molecule with a decagonal form might be expected to show some simple relationship to Φ, and while there is always a danger in seeing patterns where there may be none, the axial form of B-DNA is neatly encompassed by 10 “golden diamonds” (refer Figure 1), the template of which is shown in Figure 4B, and overlaid on Figure 4A such that points (a) and (c) are located on the outermost hydrogens and point (b) is between the outer oxygen atoms."

...

"The ancient Greek followers of the mathematician Pythagoras kept the shape as their secret symbol, a signifier of wholeness or divine blessing. Nature.

The pentagram was a symbol, but also a window of sorts. It's not a shape so much as it is a relationship. Within it we find the Golden Ratio.

The Ratio is noted for both its seemingly fundamental aesthetic appeal and its (seemingly) persistent recurrence in natural and manmade systems, from plant biology to financial markets to human DNA.

It's a way of cutting up a line that appears to be preferred by nature, anyhow. Note that every time a line crosses another line, as in the sketch below, it results in a Golden Ratio relationship between the two resulting segments. So, follow a pentagram edge down until it hits the start of another point; that corner is a Golden joint of sorts.

It's possible to connect the points of a pentagram to come up with a new pentagon and, from the new pentagon, a new pentagram. And this can go on forever:

Presumably, the Pythagoreans spent a whole lot of time staring deeply into pentagrams. Tradition has it that a young Pythagorean, Hippasus of Metapontum, was doing just that when he happened up the first proof of the existence of irrational numbers, a startling revelation for the "all is number" crowd.

Hippasus noted what you see above, that the inner core of a pentagram is a pentagon, and inside of that could be found a new pentagram. Clearly, this went on pretty much forever. And it had to, which is what was eventually proved by the Greek.

Imagine Hippasus gazing into the trippy arrangement of nested pentagrams above. Each one lives within a pentagon, with its dimensions limited by that pentagon. All of these shapes clearly live within some hard and fast relationship; they define each other. That relationship is what we'd normally think of as a ratio. One shape is to the other as some quantity a is to some quantity b."

-taken from jwilson.coe.uga.edu, MDPI, freemasonrymatters, and vice

Sources and more detailed descriptions on my blog post: https://paganimagevault.blogspot.com/2022/05/the-pentagram-of-pythagoras.html

[tomasorban]

Phi in DNA structure

1.- Introduction

This article is devoted to the dimesions of the DNA molecule based on the research by Mark E. Curtis [1]. It is well known that each complete turn of the DNA double helix measures 21 amstrongs wide by 34 amgstrongs long. 34 and 21 are two consecutive numbers in the Fibonacci series. Therefore their ratio, 1.6190476 closely approximates the Golden Ratio φ=1.6180339...

Almost 20 years ago, Mark E. Curtis began an investigation into the structure of DNA with the intention of producing a series of drawings and paintings of the double helix [1]. He embarked on scale drawings of the helical structure using the standard textbook dimensions that derive from x-ray diffraction data. In the course of his work, discrepancies emerged, and it became clear to him that the Crick and Watson structure [2] did not conform to geometric principles. Indeed his attempts to translate their theory from 2D into 3D ran into considerable topological problems. He discovered that a growing minority do recognise flaws in Crick and Watson’s conclusions, specifically in terms of its topology and thereby the ability of the structure to replicate itself. Although some research has even gone so far as to question the very existence of the double helical structure itself, his proposal retains the double helix as its fundamental basis.

Without compromising the essence of their structure, Mark E. Curtis proposed a resolution of the geometrical inconsistencies by means of a simple change in the position of alignment between the purines and pyrimidines. This realignment is founded entirely upon geometric principles. Furthermore, a set of simple mathematical relationships involving Sacred Geometry describe a three-dimensional geometric helix that conforms to the known ratios of DNA. This re-reading of DNA engenders a high simplicity and purity when applied to the molecular structure of the bases.

2.- Sacred Geometry under the DNA molecule

Theoretically, it is possible to construct a helix from almost any series of polygons, there happens to be only one polygonal formation that would fulfil all the necessary criteria: ten regular pentagons orientated about a decagon (Figure 1).

When translated into 3D, these pentagons would become prisms with all lengths equal (ii). A complete turn of the helix is formed by progressive rotation and extension of the ten regular pentagonal prisms (iii). The diameter of the helix (HD) and the height of the helix extension (HE) have a direct and constant proportional ratio to the pentagon edge length (PL) and the pentagon height (PD).

b=c·cos(36)=cφ2

a=2c·cos(36)=2c·1-(φ2)2

From the preceding figure, PL=a and PD=b+c obeys the following expression:

PD=b+c=a·121-(φ2)2+a·φ/221-(φ2)2=a2·2+φ2-φ

from which the exact values of PD, HD and HE can be numerically dermined:

         PD = 1.5388417686·PL

         HD = 4·PD = 6.1553670744·PL

         HE = 10·PL

Let's apply one of the known dimensions of the DNA to the above equations. The base height is known to be aproximately PL=3.4Å. Therefore we have

         PD = 1.5388417686·PL = 5.23206201324 Å

         HD = 6.1553670744·PL = 20.928248053 Å

         HE = 10·PL = 34 Å

These figures seem to cohere with the known dimensions of DNA as revealed by x-ray diffraction data. From this, Mark E. Curtis constructed the following exact dimensional composite of the DNA double helix (Figure 2). He used single pentagonal prisms to illustrate the 3-dimensional helix. However, to ensure stability in the structure as it would exist in reality, it is necessary to place adjacent pentagons on each plane and then stack accordingly, thereby creating the double helix:

3.- Application of geometry to the DNA molecular structure

The pairing of purines and pyrimidines in the Crick and Watson proposal locates the molecular pentagons that make up a part of the purines on the outside of the paired bases (Figure 3). However, it has been demonstrated that a more fluent and natural geometry would require adjacent pentagons at the heart of the base pairing. Therefore Mark E. Curtis proposes to re-orientate the established molecular pairing, so that the pentagons of adenine (A) and guanine (G) form hydrogen bonds to the hexagonal structures of both thymine (T) and cytosine (C) (Figure 4). This spatial arrangement of the hydrogen bonds enables the necessary adjacent second pentagon to become viable. Moreover, it also accords with our understanding of molecular bonding and maintains the specificity of G with C and A with T.

At this point, Mark E. Curtis refers to the different formations that the molecules of guanine and thymine can take, namely the enol and keto states. Guanine and thymine may exist in either enol or keto configurations and are believed to pass through tautomeric shifts from one to the other. In other words, an indiscernible and spontaneous leap by the hydrogen atom from a specific oxygen atom to a specific nitrogen atom or vice-versa. The Crick and Watson proposal requires the keto formation, whereas Curtis alternate proposal is viable in either of the formations.

4.- Implications of the model

The structure for DNA proposed by Mark E. Curtis is wholly founded upon mathematical principles. Although the geometrical modification to the base pairings is relatively minor, the resulting double helix manifests a clarity altogether distinct from that offered by Crick and Watson, and it would appear to shed light upon a number of areas of continuing uncertainty.

The implications of these findings are inevitably far-reaching and would potentially affect many areas of research. The principal features of this proposal are:

Geometric equations predict the dimensions of DNA’s structure. Not only does the pentagonal geometry predict the helical dimensions but it would also demonstrate ‘principle causation’.

The pentagonal geometry provides the dynamics required to build a consistent, stable and uniform helical structure and also establishes why there should be consistently ten bases contained within a single turn of the helix. Incidentally, when converted to the molecular dimension Curtis predicts degrees of variation, certainly between 9.5 and 10.5 bases per turn, but perhaps even more.

Both the hollow centre and side-by-side structural formation ensure instant access at any point within the helix. This would permit the DNA (even circular) to open and close during its replication functions without entangling itself.

The modification to the base pairing would appear to be able to exist in either the enol or keto formations.

While the sugar-phosphate backbones will undoubtedly prove integral to the stability of the helical structure, it is the geometry of the base-pair molecules themselves that is ultimately responsible for the formation of the helix.

5.- References

[1] Mark E. Curtis, "The geometry of DNA: a structural revision". [2] Crick, F. H. C. & Watson, J. D. (1953) Nature, vol 171, 737-738.

[ashafriesen]

11 Best Bleach For Face in India 2020 (Review & Comparison)

Bleaching is one of the most popular methods for face skin whitening. Facial face bleach creams help to do bleaching your home instead of going to a beauty parlor.

How to Choose Best Bleach Cream in India 2020

Skin Tone – There are a variety of bleaches available such as Diamond, Silver, Pearl, Fruit to suit your skin tone.

Remove Tan – Certain bleaches are for tan removal

Skin type – Select the bleaches which are recommended for oily, dry or sensitive skin

Type of Bleach – Oil-based bleach is for dry skin, powder-based bleach is for dark patches and pigments. Milk bleach is for sensitive skin. Oxy bleach is for pale and dull skin types.

Best Bleach For Face in India 2020

#1. VLCC Insta Glow Diamond Bleach

VLCC Insta Glow Diamond Bleach is an amazing diamond bleach with the skin purifying properties of Diamond Bhasma and anti-inflammatory properties of aloe vera. Diamond Bhasma is obtaining through pulverizing diamonds with herbs, good for skin hydration. 

This diamond bleach helps to bleach facial hair to match the skin tone. You may have to leave it for 15 minutes after applying the bleach. You may feel a burning sensation if you keep more than the recommended time.

The pack comes with pre bleach cream that can be applied before bleaching and post bleach pack to apply after completing the bleaching.

Pros:

Consists of Diamond Bhasma

The goodness of aloe vera

Contains pre and post bleach pack

Bleach the facial hair

Cons:

There are no measurement accessories provided

#2. Fem Fairness Naturals Saffron Bleach

If you need bleach for your fair skin without the presence of Ammonia, Fem Fairness Naturals Saffron Bleach could be the best choice for you. This bleach works best for fair skin provides glowing skin texture.

Fem Fairness Naturals Bleach is made with pure saffron extracts and it helps to remove the dead cells from the face. You will get a brightened and lightened flawless skin tone. The presence of Vitamin E nourishes and rejuvenates the skin with a nice fragrance.

The packaging is good which included with a safe-use spoon to make the correct measurement.

Pros:

Good packaging with a safe-using spoon

Ideal for fair skin

No Ammonia content

Extracts of pure saffron

Cons:

Not that good for other skin tones than fair

Best Bleach For Skin Whitening in India 2020

#3. Oxyglow Golden Bleach Cream

Do you need a golden glow to the skin? Go for Oxyglow Golden Bleach Cream which is perfect to give a never-before glow to your skin.

The main ingredients in this golden bleach are Hydrogen peroxide, Timiron karat gold, glycerin and lemon peel powder. The gold oxides present in this bleach cream reduces pigmentation causing melanin from the skin.

The packaging contains bleach cream with activator, one spatula and one application tray to make the bleach mixture easily.

Pros:

Good for all skin types

Presence of gold oxides

Contains lemon peel

Stimulate skin cells

Provides instant radiance

Cons:

Sometimes your skin may feel itchy 

#4. Dabur Oxylife Men Bleach

PLEASE CHECK THIS PRODUCT BEFORE PUBLISHING_ THIS IS A MEN”s PRODUCT WHILE OTHERS LOOK LIKE FOR FEMALE PRODUCT.

Only a few products are particularly designed for men’s skin. Dabur Oxylife Men Bleach is such a bleach cream created to remove the dullness from the men’s skin.

Dabur Oxylife is an Oxygen bleach that unclogs the pores and provides extra oxygen to your skin. This bleach helps to remove sun tan and cleanses your skin by removing bacteria and dead cells.

This Dabur bleach cream is suitable for any skin types, even for very sensitive skin types.

The package contains a pre bleach cream 

Pros:

Perfect bleach for men skin

Infuses Oxygen to rejuvenate the skin cells

Removes sun tan and dullness from the face

Package contains pre bleach cream

Cons:

You may get skin irritation sometimes

Best Bleach For Sensitive Skin in India 2020

#5. Fem Turmeric Herbal Fairness Creme Bleach

If you need an herbal bleach cream with the goodness of turmeric, go for Fem Turmeric Herbal Fairness Creme Bleach. Fem Turmeric Bleach is specially designed for sensitive skin type. There is no added Ammonia in this bleach.

Fem Turmeric Bleach provides an easy way to get fairness while removing sun tan and dead cells on the face.

The package has a specially designed 2-side plastic spoon, one side is to take the creme and the other side is to measure the activator powder. This is the most friendly option for the first time users.

You will also get pre bleach and post bleach cream along with the pack.

Pros:

No added Ammonia

The goodness of turmeric

Natural bleach with 16 precious herbs

Specially designed spoon

Contains pre and post bleach cream

Removes sun tan and dead cells

Perfect for sensitive skin type

Cons:

Price is on a higher side

#6. Nature’s Essence Fruit Fun Fairness Bleach

This is a natural bleach with the extracts of hand picked fruits which best suits for your sensitive skin. Nature’s Essence Fruit Fun Fairness Bleach contains beeswax, grape seed oil, strawberry extract, orange extract and hydrogen peroxide.

The fruit extracts provide an extremely gentle formula to minimize the irritation on the skin while bleaching and gives stunning fairness and smooth feel to the skin.

The product is reasonably priced and the package contains a post bleach cream. 

Pros:

Contains natural fruit extracts

Pretty affordable 

Included with post bleach cream

Bleaches facial hair

No skin irritation/burning sensation

Not allergic

Cons:

No long-lasting glow

Best Bleach Cream For Oily Skin in India 2020

#7. Oxylife Natural Radiance 5 Creme Bleach

Oxylife Natural Radiance 5 Creme Bleach is one of the most popular Oxygen bleach recommended by salon experts from various metros in India.  This Oxylife bleach is patented with a German technology that gives your skin a boost of active oxygen.

Oxylife Natural Radiance could fight against suntan, dullness, uneven skin tone, dark spots and dead skin cells.

The pre bleach cream along with this pack is enriched with Vitamin E that forms a protective layer on the skin for better bleaching experience. The post bleach radiance serum is formulated with Oxysphere technology which enables pure Oxygen molecules to be released while applying the cream.

Pros:

Recommended by salon professionals

Removes suntan, dullness and dead cells

Boost up the skin with active Oxygen

Long-lasting results

Suitable even for sensitive skin types

Cons:

The skin may get a burning sensation if the recommended time of application exceeds

#8. VLCC Insta Glow Oxygen Bleach

VLCC Insta Glow Oxygen Bleach is best to cleanse and fairer your oily face skin in just 15 minutes. You will get an instant radiance and glow to your skin upon bleaching with this cream.

Due to the release of active oxygen, this bleach thoroughly cleanses your face skin and unclogs the clogged pores.

The mixing of cream and activator powder should be in the ratio of 10:1 by using a plastic spatula. The pack is included with a pre bleach cream.

Pros:

Floral fragrance

Good for oily skin types

Conditions skin from irritation while bleaching

Included with pre bleach cream

Cons:

Some users don’t recommend this bleach for fair skin

Best Bleach For Dry Skin in Winter 2020

#9. Oxyglow Golden Glow Lacto Bleach 

Oxyglow Golden Glow Lacto Bleach is particularly for dry skin type to restore the skin’s natural glow and radiance. 

This Lacto bleach is perfect to remove the suntan as well as the dead cells from the skin surface. You can even use this bleach for all types of skins.

The main ingredients of this bleach are honey and milk that possess antimicrobial and cleansing properties. It also contains Vitamin A & D that makes your skin soft but stronger.

Pros:

Contains milk and honey

Removes suntan and dead cells

Contains Vitamin A & D

Cons:

There is no activator in this pack

#10. Nature’s Essence Lacto Bleach 

Nature’s Essence Lacto Bleach focussing on the removal of suntans to provide a long-lasting glow and fairness to your face skin. The moisturizing property of this bleach makes it ideal for dry skin types.

Nature’s Lacto Bleach is a special skin lightening and complexion-enhancing cream that can reduce the effects of dark patches. The moisturizing property of this bleach makes it ideal for dry skin types.

This bleach is enriched with milk proteins and honey. There is no Ammonia content in this cream, restore the natural fairness of the skin. This bleach contains Lavender oil which regulates the oil balance of your skin.

Pros:

No bleaching agents

Creamy formula

Ideal to remove suntan and dark patches

Enriched with milk and honey

Non-greasy

Has moisturizing effects

Affordable and one tub lasts for 10-12 uses

Cons:

Thick consistency

Best Bleach For Acne Skin in India 2020

#11. Jolen Creme Bleach

Jolen Creme Bleach enriched with the goodness of aloe vera that makes it perfect for dry skin types. This bleach helps to lighten the excess dark hair on your face.

You can easily apply this bleach to your face. The package comes with a plastic slate and spatula and complete directions list. Your skin feels soft smooth once applied with this bleach. 

Jolen helps to remove the uneven tan and brightens the complexion.

Pros:

Do not dry or burn the skin

Imported and easily available in India

Remove the uneven tan

Good packaging

Cons:

Not good for oily skin

How to Use Bleach Cream For Best Use 

Wash and clean your face with cold water. Do not use warm/hot water

If there is a pre bleach cream in the bleach pack, apply it on the face.

Prepare the bleach cream with the activator and the powder provided in the pack. Apply immediately once prepared the mixture. 

Apply the bleach mixture towards the hair growth on the face. Give a thick layer on cheeks, forehead and neck. A light layer above the lips and do not apply under the eyes.

Leave it for approximately 10-15 minutes and wash it on normal water. 

If there is a post bleach cream available in the pack, apply.

Avoid using soaps at least for 5 hrs after bleaching

Always follow the instruction sheet of the product that you bought

Conclusion 

Out of these 11 best bleaches, my choices are Oxylife Natural Radiance 5 Creme Bleach and  Fem Turmeric Herbal Fairness Creme Bleach. 

Oxylife is the most recommended bleach among the users and Fem Turmeric is an herbal one with no added ammonia.

The post 11 Best Bleach For Face in India 2020 (Review & Comparison) appeared first on Being Happy Mom.

11 Best Bleach For Face in India 2020 (Review & Comparison) published first on https://parentcenternetwork.tumblr.com/