#1971 Multiculturalism in Canada

[gildedbearediting]

A Look At: Digging Up the Mountains

A Quick Toe-Dip Digging Up the Mountains was written by Neil Bissoondath in third person, and has three parts. The main character is Hari Beharry. The story deals with fear, corruption, ethnicity, racism, slavery, inequality, and persecution. Rangee and Faizal are both killed with their watch and wallet missing, and shot twice in the head. Hari believes both to be robberies as stated in police…

[sammaggs]

3x10 Perfect Strangers | Multiculturalism

This episode is (like the rest of the show, but still) particularly and obviously preoccupied with the differences between Canada and America—especially since this is the episode where they fly to Toronto.

As Fraser says upon landing at Pearson about the dual French/English announcements over the PA:

And this is true!

The American “melting pot” philosophy of immigration is an assimilationist one: as different cultural groups join the society, they “melt together” into one common culture. Typically, this means erasing the unique parts of your own culture to become more acceptably American (and you know exactly what that means as well as I do.)

Canada’s multiculturalist approach is instead an example of a “cultural mosaic” model, in which we believe that disparate cultures can co-exist side-by-side and, in maintaining their own individual identity, enrich each other in the process.

The Multiculturalism Act, meant to make preserving and enhancing cultural diversity part of official government policy, was signed in 1971 (the OG Trudeau government was big on this). As of 2016, there were over 250 different ethnic groups in Canada.

Which brings us back to our top GIF!

Punjabi Sikhs in Whitehorse and Vancouver, 1906 and 1908

Sikhs are the fourth-largest religion in Canada, and have a large population out West. Canada actually has the largest national Sikh proportion in the world (at 2.1%), and the second-largest Sikh population in the world (after India).

So naturally, some of them would want to join the RCMP.

I’m going to let this article from the CBC tell this story far better than I could:

And so that’s why, for a brief moment, due South shows us a Sikh officer in a turban outside RCMP HQ.

(Which is actually the Canadian Blood Services HQ, in the building of what was once the Victoria Hospital for Sick Children, built in 1892!)

Quiet Canadiana in due South [more]

[justinspoliticalcorner]

Amanda Lewellyn at Vox:

Canada has a growing populism problem. Even Prime Minister Justin Trudeau thinks so. Like many other countries — including the United States — Canadians have spent the last several years dealing with pandemic restrictions, a rise in immigration, and a housing affordability crisis (among much, much else). And like many other countries, that’s showing up in a host of ways: Trust in institutions like the government and media is down. Sentiment on immigration is becoming more negative.

“Well, first of all, it’s a global trend,” Trudeau told Sean Rameswaram in an exclusive interview on Today, Explained. “In every democracy, we’re seeing a rise of populists with easy answers that don’t necessarily hold up to any expert scrutiny. But a big part of populism is condemning and ignoring experts and expertise. So it sort of feeds on itself.” As Trudeau points out, Canada is not alone. But our northern neighbor’s struggle is notable because the country has long been seen as resistant to the kind of anti-immigrant, anti-establishment rhetoric sweeping the globe in recent years — in part because multiculturalism is enshrined in federal law.

It goes back to the 1960s, when French Canadian nationalist groups started to gain power in Quebec. They called for the province’s independence from Canada proper. The federal government, led then by nepo daddy Pierre Trudeau, stepped in. Rather than validating one cultural identity over the other, the elder Trudeau’s government established a national policy of bilingualism, requiring all federal institutions to provide services in both English and French. (This is why — if you ever watch Canadian parliamentary proceedings, as I did for this story — politicians are constantly flipping back and forth between the two languages.) Canada also adopted a formal multiculturalism policy in 1971, affirming Canadians’ multicultural heritage. The multiculturalism policy has undergone both challenge and expansion in the half-century since its introduction. But Pierre Trudeau’s decision to root Canadian identity in diversity has had lasting impacts: Canadians have historically been much more open to immigration — despite having a greater proportion of immigrants in their population — than their other Western counterparts.

But in more recent years, that’s begun to change rapidly as large numbers of immigrants have entered the country amid a housing affordability crisis. An Environics Institute survey showed that in 2023, 44 percent of Canadians felt there was too much immigration — an increase from 27 percent the year before. That’s where Conservative opposition leader Pierre Poilievre comes in. Known as a “soft” populist, he’s started calling on Canada to cut immigration levels (so far, without demonizing immigrants, as we’ve seen from his populist counterparts elsewhere in the West). That said, he looks like a traditional populist in a lot of other ways: Poilievre embraced Canada’s 2022 Freedom Convoy protests, opposed vaccine and mask requirements, voted against marriage equality, has proposed defunding the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, wants schools to leave LGBTQ issues to parents, and has talked about repealing a litany of government regulations — from the country’s carbon tax to internet regulations. Basically, he’s against any “gatekeepers” to Canadians’ “freedom.”

[...]

The plan: Fight populism with policy

Enter: Trudeau’s half-trillion-Canadian-dollar plan for “generational fairness,” also known as the “Gen Z budget” for its focus on younger generations feeling the economic squeeze most acutely. [...]

Can it work?

The bet Trudeau is making is this: The best counterpoint to anti-establishment rhetoric is … using the establishment to make people’s lives better. “The biggest difference between me and the Conservatives right now is: They don’t think government has a role to play in solving for these problems,” Trudeau told Today, Explained. “I think government can’t solve everything, nor should it try. But it can make sure that if the system isn’t working for young people, that we rebalance the system. Market forces are not going to do that.” A key challenge will be demonstrating progress by the time elections roll around. Housing and real estate experts generally cheered the announcement — but noted that it might be years before people on the ground see any real change. Elections, on the other hand, aren’t yet scheduled but have to happen by October 2025 (parliamentary systems, man).

Even Canada isn't immune to the trend of increased right-wing populism, as it could end the reign of PM Justin Trudeau and his Liberal Party.

Trudeau is trying his best to counter it by enacting a Gen Z-focused budget plan.

[maplebearsouthasia]

WHAT MAKES MAPLE BEAR CANADIAN?

Canada is known for its cold winters, friendly people and hockey.

Canada is also widely known as a country that continues to rank highly in Overall Best Countries to live and in Quality of Life (Survey conducted by US News and World Report, BAV Group and Wharton School of Business).

So, what makes Maple Bear Canadian?

Maple Bear is a reflection of the best of Canada AND Canadian education.

BILINGUALISM IS A CORNERSTONE OF CANADIAN LIFE

Bilingualism is a major cornerstone of Canadian life. The ability to communicate in both official languages is a compelling part of being a Canadian.

Since 1969, Canada has 2 official languages – English and French. For the last 50 years, Canada has developed a successful bilingual education program. With this experience, we are now seen as global leaders in bilingual education.

At Maple Bear, students study all academic subjects in either their native language or English, depending on the grade level. In addition, students begin learning English in pre-school using a student-focused English immersion learning system based on the Canadian educational pedagogy and best practices.

MAPLE BEAR EMBRACES MULTICULTURALISM IN OUR CLASSROOMS AND THROUGH OUR GLOBAL PRESENCE

The term multiculturalism was born in Canada. In 1971, Canada officially became a multicultural society.

Multiculturalism is an important Canadian value because it benefits everyone. Canadians recognize that a diverse population of races, ethnic groups, languages and religions raises the level of respect and understanding within a society.

The thread of multiculturalism is also woven into the fabric of the Maple Bear curriculum. We encourage diverse perspectives and viewpoints in our teaching methods through collaboration and cooperation for preschool, elementary and high-school aged students.

There is no other educational brand that has the same scope of international presence as we do. We are proud of the fact that we have schools in over 20 countries around the world and make sure that diverse perspectives and cultures are appreciated, respected and celebrated in the classroom.

SOCIAL CONSCIENCE AND COLLABORATION

When he speaks to parents he meets around the world, Maple Bear co-founder Rodney Briggs constantly stresses this message: “We are not trying to turn your children into Canadians,” he says.

“We want them to become the best citizens of their own countries first and foremost. And that means learning to give back.”

A Maple Bear education instills the best of Canadian values—empathy and humility—which have helped make Canada and its citizens so welcoming of immigrants (we currently outpace the United States among other G-7 countries) and active members of multilateral organizations. Terry Fox runs for cancer research and local environmental initiatives are just two ways that Maple Bear students develop a social conscience.

Collaboration is another key Canadian value which Maple Bear’s business model has embraced for maximum social impact in the countries in which we operate. Maple Bear invests in a joint venture partnership wherever we operate to ensure—in the Canadian way — we can work together with local educators to align our curricula to meet national standards and regulations.

YOU WILL FIND THE BEST OF CANADA IN MAPLE BEAR

Our schools truly offer a unique blend of all the things that make Canada great. We have worked hard at taking the best of Canada and sharing these strengths through a relevant, effective and applicable education system suitable for any child around the world.

Maple Bear is the best of Canadian education for a global future.

[education-cube]

Benefits of Studying in Canada

The country is one of the top education performers in the world and is the top OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) country in education spending. The education system in Canada consists of both publicly-funded and private schools which include community colleges, technical institutes, universities, university colleges, career colleges, language schools, secondary schools and summer camps.

High-Class Language Education

Canada is a world leader in language training. It is a bilingual country which teaches French and English as a first and second language. These languages are an integral part of Canadian education. You will be able to improve your fluency and capacity for either language as you further your studies.

Large Employment Prospects

Canada and the United States both belong to the North American Free Trade Area. Both countries are pursuing the policy of immigration and the employment prospects of graduates are unlimited.

Affordable Education

The cost of living and tuition fees for international students in Canada are generally lower when compared to the US, the UK, Australia and New Zealand. Canada is often the preferred choice for students attending college or university. The rates at the U.S. public universities were found to be almost 1/3 higher than fees for Bachelor's degrees in Canada, while U.S. private university fees were more than double.

Canadian Multiculturalism

Canada adopted multiculturalism as an official policy in 1971. It is the first country in the world which has adopted multiculturalism as a policy. The Multiculturalism Policy of Canada also confirmed the rights of Aboriginal peoples and the status of Canada's two official languages. Almost all the world's ethnic groups are well represented in Canada.

Healthy and Safe Communities

Canada is one of the best places in the world to live. As an international student in Canada, you can enjoy all of the same freedoms which protect Canadians. The Canadian society respects human rights and equality, and it is stable and peaceful.

Exciting Campus Lifestyle

All Canadian campuses across the country feature the latest in technology with wireless hotspots, enabling online interactive learning experience for students. The campus facilities include Olympic-calibre sports facilities, concert halls,radio and newspapers. The Canadian universities and colleges typically feature the best mix of an academic and leisure lifestyle in an environment that facilitates immense opportunities to meet students from a varied international student pool.

Research Opportunities

Research is one of the key components of a Canadian post-secondary education. You will have enough opportunities to become a part of this dynamic aspect of education. In Canada, government and industry equally support research in sectors such as telecommunications, medicine, agriculture, computer technology, and environmental science.

Land of Possibilities

Canada is a land of immigrants and is a unique melting pot of cultures. Canadian culture is very vibrant- with plenty of movies, music, books, food, fun entertainments- to make your life interesting. As part of this highly dynamic and hands-on academic environment, you will acquire knowledge and skills in analysis and communication. You will learn how to express yourself, demonstrate your creativity and enhance your self-confidence It is a land of immense possibilities and opportunities.

The country is one of the top education performers in the world and is the top OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) country in education spending. The education system in Canada consists of both publicly-funded and private schools which include community colleges, technical institutes, universities, university colleges, career colleges, language schools, secondary schools and summer camps.

High-Class Language Education

Canada is a world leader in language training. It is a bilingual country which teaches French and English as a first and second language. These languages are an integral part of Canadian education. You will be able to improve your fluency and capacity for either language as you further your studies.

Large Employment Prospects

Canada and the United States both belong to the North American Free Trade Area. Both countries are pursuing the policy of immigration and the employment prospects of graduates are unlimited.

Affordable Education

The cost of living and tuition fees for international students in Canada are generally lower when compared to the US, the UK, Australia and New Zealand. Canada is often the preferred choice for students attending college or university. The rates at the U.S. public universities were found to be almost 1/3 higher than fees for Bachelor's degrees in Canada, while U.S. private university fees were more than double.

Canadian Multiculturalism

Canada adopted multiculturalism as an official policy in 1971. It is the first country in the world which has adopted multiculturalism as a policy. The Multiculturalism Policy of Canada also confirmed the rights of Aboriginal peoples and the status of Canada's two official languages. Almost all the world's ethnic groups are well represented in Canada.

Healthy and Safe Communities

Canada is one of the best places in the world to live. As an international student in Canada, you can enjoy all of the same freedoms which protect Canadians. The Canadian society respects human rights and equality, and it is stable and peaceful.

Exciting Campus Lifestyle

All Canadian campuses across the country feature the latest in technology with wireless hotspots, enabling online interactive learning experience for students. The campus facilities include Olympic-calibre sports facilities, concert halls,radio and newspapers. The Canadian universities and colleges typically feature the best mix of an academic and leisure lifestyle in an environment that facilitates immense opportunities to meet students from a varied international student pool.

Research Opportunities

Research is one of the key components of a Canadian post-secondary education. You will have enough opportunities to become a part of this dynamic aspect of education. In Canada, government and industry equally support research in sectors such as telecommunications, medicine, agriculture, computer technology, and environmental science.

Land of Possibilities

Canada is a land of immigrants and is a unique melting pot of cultures. Canadian culture is very vibrant- with plenty of movies, music, books, food, fun entertainments- to make your life interesting. As part of this highly dynamic and hands-on academic environment, you will acquire knowledge and skills in analysis and communication. You will learn how to express yourself, demonstrate your creativity and enhance your self-confidence It is a land of immense possibilities and opportunities.

[studysquaresblog]

Study in Canada- 7 Compelling Reasons to Pursue an MBA in Canada

Canada has emerged as a leading destination for international students, attracting millions of individuals seeking quality education and global recognition for their degrees. With top-tier universities and a wealth of opportunities, pursuing an MBA in Canada offers numerous advantages, including a diverse environment, streamlined immigration processes, lucrative job prospects, and a clear path to permanent residency and citizenship. Among Indian students, Canada stands out as the premier study abroad destination. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key advantages of studying for an MBA in Canada.

Unparalleled Quality of Education

The correlation between cost and quality does not always hold true. Despite being more affordable than other countries, Canada boasts exceptional educational standards and living conditions. Canadian universities, particularly those in British Columbia, are renowned worldwide for their academic excellence. Prestigious global rankings such as the Academic Rankings of World Universities, QS Research, and Times Higher Education consistently feature many of Canada's top universities, including several MBA programs. This recognition is a testament to the country's commitment to providing high-quality education.

Affordability

The cost of tuition fees often poses a significant financial barrier for students aspiring to study abroad. In comparison to other countries, pursuing an MBA in Canada is much more affordable. The annual tuition fees for MBA courses typically range from $30,000 to $40,000, considerably lower than those in the United States and other nations. Additionally, Canadian universities offer a wide array of scholarships, providing opportunities for students to save money. Thus, studying for an MBA in Canada presents a cost-effective alternative without compromising on the quality of education.

Multicultural Environment

Canada is celebrated for its multiculturalism, fostering an inclusive and welcoming atmosphere for individuals from all walks of life. While Vancouver and its surrounding areas are home to vibrant Chinese and Indian communities, the country as a whole represents a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities. In fact, Canada became the first country in the world to officially adopt multiculturalism as a policy in 1971. This progressive stance demonstrates Canada's commitment to recognizing and valuing the worth and dignity of all its citizens, irrespective of their ethnic or racial backgrounds, languages spoken, or religious beliefs.

Experiential Learning in Business Education

The evolving corporate landscape necessitates a hands-on approach to business education. Canadian MBA programs embrace this principle, seamlessly blending theoretical knowledge with practical experience. Business schools in major Canadian cities like Toronto and Vancouver are strategically located in bustling business hubs, providing ample internship and traineeship opportunities. These cities are also home to some of the world's best business schools, as validated by top MBA rankings. Additionally, Canadian business colleges offer specialized degrees that cater to various career paths, including International Business, Finance, Marketing, International Law, Management Accounting, and Marketing.

Work and Immigration Opportunities

International students in Canada are often granted the opportunity to work part-time, up to 20 hours per week, while enrolled in full-time studies for a minimum of six months. Upon completion of their studies, former students can apply for a post-graduate employment visa, enabling them to gain valuable work experience. Furthermore, Canada offers avenues for permanent immigration, allowing students to continue building their careers in the country. It is important to note that work permit and immigration regulations are subject to change, and students should stay updated on the latest policies.

Global Business Network

Canadian business schools frequently employ faculty members with diverse backgrounds and experiences, including professionals from multinational corporations. Collaborations with renowned brands and corporations often lead to internship opportunities for students. Pursuing an MBA in Canada means becoming part of a global network of professionals. As an international student studying Business Administration, you will have the opportunity to exchange knowledge and experiences with peers from around the world. This exposure, coupled with the international recognition of a Canadian MBA degree, provides a significant advantage in your future career endeavors.

Value for Money

Investing in education is a long-term endeavor, and students understandably seek to maximize the value derived from their financial commitments. Studying in Canada ensures that students receive the full value for their money. Canadian colleges and business schools are internationally recognized, enhancing graduates' professional prospects. These institutions provide a comprehensive education that combines practical expertise with theoretical knowledge, equipping students to thrive in the job market. Moreover, off-campus employment opportunities allow students to gain valuable work experience, contributing further to their personal and professional growth. Financial concerns should not deter prospective students, as Canadian universities offer a wide range of financial aid options, including scholarships and bursaries, making an MBA in Canada an attractive and accessible choice.

In conclusion, Canada's world-class colleges thrive amidst a rich and diverse cultural backdrop. The country offers an exceptional standard of living and abundant opportunities for students to gain experience in their chosen fields of study. With its bilingualism, safety, and welcoming environment, Canada is an ideal destination for those seeking to broaden their horizons. As a prospective MBA student, choosing to study in Canada, with its close proximity to the United States, provides a significant advantage. The Canadian government is actively working to attract more students to the country, and rightfully so, as some of the world's best MBA universities and institutions can be found within its borders. Notable options include the Schulich School of Business at York University, the Queen's School of Business at Queen's University, the Rotman School at the University of Toronto, and the Alberta School of Business at the University of Alberta, among many others. For personalized guidance throughout the admission process, students can also seek assistance from Study in Canada consultants, who provide comprehensive support ranging from profile building to visa services and interviews, ensuring a seamless and stress-free admission experience.

Studysquare

We at Study Square believe in working closely with the students to understand their requirements and help them in working towards their goal of a global education.

Visit Us- https://www.studysquare.com/

[landwriter]

I'm not Canadian but now I wanna know which Canadian province is bilingual... Since you say Quebec isn't bilingual (I assume it's monolingual French?) I'm gonna guess Manitoba might be ? I know Winnipeg at least has a sizeable French speaking population

That would be New Brunswick!

Anon, this unintentionally absolutely got me going about Canadian national identity and myth-making as a 'multicultural' society, so I am going to go ahead and put the rest of this under the cut for people who would like their language trivia without that.

French settlement of the region is evident in the Mí'kmaq word for cow, Wenjti'am, which translates to 'French moose', from Frenchman/person wenuj and moose tia'm. (Other neat facts: caribou also originates from Mí'kmaq, and means 'snow shoveler' because of how they use their antlers to push aside the snow and get at greens. Mí'kmaq itself is a plural noun that means 'my friends'.)

In almost every part of Canada, there are pockets of Francophone community, but out east in Maritime Canada there is specifically l'Acadie, a distinct linguistic and ethnic group descended from French colonists who settled in that particular region of Nouvelle France. These are the same folk whose subsequent violent displacement by the British resulted, among other things, in recruitment and resettlement to the Spanish colony of Luisiana, and in turn who contributed to the formation of Cajun culture. I've linked the wiki on Acadians above because I can't speak much beyond that but it's worth a read. That part of Canadian colonial history is, unsurprisingly, not heavily taught in English speaking schools out west. What little I've learned has come from French classes. New Brunswick has the highest population of Acadians in Canada outside of Quebec.

Acadians, their history, and New Brunswick being a bilingual province make a good opportunity to note an important distinction between Canada and the United States when it comes to how ethnic, cultural, and linguistic plurality has been historically received/perceived in the two colonial societies. While the U.S. is a 'melting pot' (implying the expectation of assimilation and the dissolution of previous identity in favour of a common mean), Canada very much nationally and internationally advances a brand of multiculturalism free of assimilation and based on coexistence that has been termed a 'mosaic' since the early 20th century. If this sounds silly, it's because it is. But it's important to understand how it's a huge part of our national identity.

In 1965, John Porter published a massively influential sociological study and named it instead a 'vertical mosaic', that is, one with uneven access to power, and everyone nodded along very enthusiastically, including our government, who in 1971 announced an official policy of bilingualism (federally!) and multiculturalism, which more or less meant the government would, in law, policy, and practice, respect the diverse society of myriad religions, languages, and cultures, etc, in Canada.

It took another 25 years after 1971 to close the last residential school, but nevermind that. It's in our laws, dontcha know. No assimilation here!

I truly cannot think easily of another nation that has so successfully began a project of defining ourselves by multiculturalism and tolerance, and created a goody-two-shoes international brand of pacifism and politeness, while actively engaging in genocide. (This is not a take, this is a fact.)

There are other powerful Canadian myths too, in our art and our literature. The famous and beautiful landscapes that the Group of Seven painted in the 20th century, striking out to create a true 'Canadian' art movement (and succeeding), depict an empty and untouched wilderness. But the land wasn't empty. It never has been. Yet these landscapes told Canadians grasping for national identity then, told the world: this is Canadian art. Wilderness. Terra nullius. Our unmastered land in description and justification.

This is one of the reasons why, in academia, I was so interested in the building of national identity, especially as a young project, a relative project, and the knock-on effects of those definitions. The power of the national story. The ways we tell it. It's also why I am, overall, absolutely obsessed with narrative and myth and storytelling. It's not a hokey thing to say they have real power. Laws and legislation are only the bones of a country. Stories of itself are its flesh.

Anyways, instead of Group of Seven, I'd rather you all were introduced to Kent Monkman: (1) (2) (3) - full gallery

[globalopportunities]

What Are The Benefits of Studying In Canada?

There are many good reasons to consider studying in Canada, but the news team at Global Opportunities has done the research and ranked the top five of these reasons for you.

Five reasons why you should study in Canada

1. Safe and beautiful

Canada is considered a very safe country. It boosts lower crime rates than many other western nations. In addition, its vast geography and expansive unspoiled wilderness are a sight to behold. If nature isn’t your thing, Canadian cities are full of culture, museums, galleries, and exciting things to do.

2. Multicultural environment

Multiculturalism is a trademark of Canada. Everyone is welcomed and embraced. Vancouver and the surrounding municipalities have rich and vibrant Chinese and Indian communities, but many nationalities and ethnicities are well represented throughout the country and city. In 1971, Canada was the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy. By so doing, Canada affirmed the value and dignity of all Canadian citizens regardless of their racial or ethnic origins, language, or their religious affiliation.

3. Affordable Education

International students can attend school in Canada for a significantly lower price compared to other countries. The average tuition fees for colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, the U.K., the U.S., and Canada are compared in this article. The U.S. was by far the most expensive, and Canada was by far the most cost-efficient.

4. Quality Education

You don't always get what you pay for in life. Despite being less expensive than other nations, Canada has some of the world's most acceptable living and educational standards. British Columbia and Canada's universities are renowned for their quality on a global scale. This is caused, in part, by the fact that provincial governments regulate institutions. You know a Canadian university, like UCW, is up to tight government criteria if you're a student there. UCW undergoes a regular five-year quality review of programming by the B.C. Ministry of Advanced Education.

5. Work and immigration opportunities

If they have been enrolled in full-time studies for at least six months, many international students in Canada are eligible to work up to 20 hours per week. Former students can apply for a postgraduate work permit after graduation. After finishing school, there is also the option of immigrating to Canada. Remember that the rules and regulations governing work permits and immigration are subject to change. Visit the Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada website for the most up-to-date information. #studyincanda #studyabroad #highereducation

[speakinghistorically]

Suffragette Suffering

Last week Ruth Bader Ginsburg, a justice on the American Supreme Court, died at age 87. While this news is tragic, her death is a major political event in a year that already feels full of major political events. During the last few days, I have seen an outpouring of praise for Ruth Bader Ginsburg on social media. She was seen as one of the last lines of defense against the far-right gaining more political power in the States. And though the American supreme court system is different from the Canadian one (what do you mean they are appointed for life?), it did get me thinking about the role of women in Canadian legal history.

Campaigns for female suffrage in Canada often included demands for the right to hold political office, so using suffrage movements as a concrete history of women’s legal rights in Canada seemed a good place to start. This seemed like a simple enough question, one that should have had a straightforward answer. And then it got complicated. As many people familiar with Canada’s history know, all provinces in Canada (except for Quebec and Newfoundland, which was a part of Britain at the time) had granted women the right to vote in federal elections in 1919, following World War One. This is earlier than our neighbors to the south, so many Canadians retroactively pat themselves on the back for being so progressive. What is less well known to most Canadians is that Asian Canadians were not granted universal suffrage until 1948, incidentally the same year Canada took part in creating the UN’s Declaration of Human Rights. It wasn’t until 1960 that Indigenous people were granted the right to vote. For context, Pierre Trudeau officially announced the Canadian Multiculturalism policy in 1971, a little more than a decade later. Suddenly we Canadians seem a little less progressive. 

The point of all this is less to draw attention to the story of Canadian women’s legal rights, especially the right to vote, and more about how easy it is to not get the full story. Canada’s national identity hinges on our reputation internationally as a beacon of human rights. From the Underground Railroad to Justin Trudeau declaring that his Cabinet would be half comprised of women, quote “Because it’s 2015.”, Canada has had a long history of casting themselves as the good guy in our national history. We can see that women were granted the vote in 1919 and applaud ourselves for our forward thinking, all while ignoring the injustices we were still committing in our own country to those we decided didn’t deserve a political voice. It is great for us as a nation to be proud of the things we did right, we cannot lose sight of what we did wrong.

My final point is this; it can be tempting for historians (myself included) to look for simple, clean-cut narratives in history. It makes for easy research and uncomplicated timelines. Sometimes you really just want a one sentence answer to a question. But even simple questions like “when did women get the vote in Canada?” often have long, complex answers. Suddenly, you are looking at the history of race in Canada and the uneven application of rights the were supposed to be granted to all humans, according to the document we helped to create. And looking for those annoying, messy answers lets us move past the boring lists of facts and dates into a deeper understanding of our own history. I know I am by far not the first person to say this and I hope I won’t be the last, but our history as Canadians is complicated and often unpleasant. Reducing it to names and dates in a classroom removes so much of that complexity and therefore makes our national history into something flat in a textbook. Teaching the real history of Canada, warts and all gives students something to sink their teeth into and lets them engage with their own national history. The waters of our national history are muddy and it is benefitting none of us to pretend they are clear. 

Links to relevant sources:

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/suffrage

https://pier21.ca/research/immigration-history/canadian-multiculturalism-policy-1971

http://womensuffrage.org/

[arhamibarra-blog]

Great things about Studying in Canada

Quality Education, Respected Qualifications Canada has high academic standards and diligent quality controls in education. A Canadian degree, diploma or certificate is globally recognized and is considered comparable to the qualifications from the United States or Commonwealth countries. The continent is amongst the top education performers on the planet and it is the top OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) country in education spending. The education system in Canada is made up of both publicly-funded and also schools such as community colleges, technical institutes, universities, university colleges, career colleges, language schools, secondary schools and camps. High-Class Language Education Canada can be a world leader in language training. It is just a bilingual country which teaches French and English like a second and third language. These languages are an integral part of Canadian education. You will be able to enhance your fluency and convenience of either language while you further . Large Employment Prospects Canada along with the United states of america both belong to its northern border American Free Trade Area. Both countries are following your policy of immigration as well as the employment prospects of graduates are unlimited. Affordable Education Living costs and tuition fees for international students in Canada are usually lower in comparison to the US, britain, Australia and New Zealand. Canada is generally the preferred decision for students enrolled or university. The rates at the U.S. public universities put together being almost 1/3 greater than fees for Bachelor's degrees in Canada, while U.S. private university fees were more than double.

Canadian Multiculturalism Canada adopted multiculturalism as a possible official policy in 1971. It is the first country on the planet which includes adopted multiculturalism being a policy. The Multiculturalism Policy of Canada also confirmed the rights of Aboriginal peoples and also the status of Canada's two official languages. Most of the world's ethnic groups are very well represented in Canada. Healthy and Safe Communities Canada is probably the best places on earth to reside. Just as one international student in Canada, you may enjoy all of the same freedoms which protect Canadians. The Canadian society respects human rights and equality, and it is stable and peaceful. Exciting Campus Lifestyle All Canadian campuses across the country feature most up-to-date technology with wireless hotspots, enabling online interactive learning experience for college kids. The campus facilities include Olympic-calibre sports facilities, concert halls,radio and newspapers. The Canadian universities and colleges typically feature the most effective mixture of an academic and leisure lifestyle in the environment that facilitates immense the opportunity to meet students coming from a varied international student pool. Research Opportunities Scientific studies are one of many key components of the Canadian post-secondary education. You will possess enough opportunities to join this dynamic facet of education. In Canada, government and industry equally support research in sectors including telecommunications, medicine, agriculture, computer systems, and environmental science. Land of Possibilities Canada can be a land of immigrants and is also a distinctive melting pot of cultures. Canadian culture is very vibrant- with plenty of movies, music, books, food, fun entertainments- to generate your health interesting. Included in this highly dynamic and hands-on academic environment, you may acquire skills and knowledge in analysis and communication. You will see the best way to express yourself, demonstrate your creativity and transform your self-confidence This is a land of immense possibilities and opportunities. To get more information about Osnovnye trebovanija dlja postuplenija v Seneka kolledzh have a look at this popular web page.

[assignmenttutoronline]

enact a policy of multiculturalism

The Multiculturalism Question: Debating Identity in 21st-Century Canada, ed. Jack Jedwab. Kingston: School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University. © 2014 The School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University at Kingston. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION Jack JedWab Canada is widely regarded as the first country to enact a policy of multiculturalism. But since this policy was first introduced in 1971,…

[myassignmentonline]

enact a policy of multiculturalism

The Multiculturalism Question: Debating Identity in 21st-Century Canada, ed. Jack Jedwab. Kingston: School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University. © 2014 The School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University at Kingston. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION Jack JedWab Canada is widely regarded as the first country to enact a policy of multiculturalism. But since this policy was first introduced in 1971,…

[assignmenttutorsforyou]

enact a policy of multiculturalism

The Multiculturalism Question: Debating Identity in 21st-Century Canada, ed. Jack Jedwab. Kingston: School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University. © 2014 The School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University at Kingston. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION Jack JedWab Canada is widely regarded as the first country to enact a policy of multiculturalism. But since this policy was first introduced in 1971,…

[assignmentfreelancers]

enact a policy of multiculturalism

The Multiculturalism Question: Debating Identity in 21st-Century Canada, ed. Jack Jedwab. Kingston: School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University. © 2014 The School of Policy Studies, Queen’s University at Kingston. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION Jack JedWab Canada is widely regarded as the first country to enact a policy of multiculturalism. But since this policy was first introduced in 1971,…

[studyincanada303]

FIVE REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD STUDY IN CANADA

 There are many reasons why getting an education in Canada is a great idea, but the news team at University Canada West has done the research for you and narrowed it down to the top five reasons you should study in Canada.

1. SAFE, EXCITING AND BEAUTIFUL

Canada is considered a very safe country. It boosts lower crime rates than many other western nations. In addition, it’s vast geography and expansive unspoiled wilderness is a sight to behold. If nature isn’t your thing, Canadian cities are full of culture, museums, galleries and exciting things to do.

2. MULTICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

Multiculturalism is a trademark of Canada. Everyone is welcomed and embraced. Vancouver and the surrounding municipalities have rich and vibrant Chinese and Indian communities, but many nationalities and ethnicities are well represented throughout the country and city. In 1971, Canada was the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy. By so doing, Canada affirmed the value and dignity of all Canadian citizens regardless of their racial or ethnic origins, their language or their religious affiliation.

3. AFFORDABLE EDUCATION

The cost of schooling for international students in Canada in considerably cheaper than elsewhere in the world.  Canada was by far the cheapest and the U.S.was the most expensive.

4. QUALITY EDUCATION

It’s not always a case of only getting what you pay for. Despite being cheaper than other countries, the quality of education and living standards in Canada are amongst the highest in the world. Universities in Canada and British Columbia are internationally known for excellence. This is due, in part, to universities being regulated by provincial governments. If you’re attending a university in Canada, such as UCW, you know it’s meeting or exceeding strict government standards. UCW undergoes a regular five-year quality review of programming by the B.C. Ministry of Advanced Education.

5. WORK AND IMMIGRATION OPPORTUNITIES

Many international students in Canada are eligible to work up to 20 hours a week if they’re enrolled in full-time studies for at least six month. Upon graduation, former students can apply for a post graduate work permit. There is also the possibility of immigrating to Canada once schooling is complete. Keep in mind that the rules and regulations around work permits and immigration can change.

[arkofthewest]

Canadians, take note:

In 1971, on the eve of Pierre Trudeau’s “multiculturalism,” Canada was 96% European. Due to mass immigration, before the end of this century, Euro-Canadians will be 20% of the Canadian population. Most are oblivious to this fate, and those who know are not making their distress widely known. It is time for a national dialogue, and it will not be had through politicians, universities or the CBC. Learn the facts. Speak up. https://www.eurocanadian.ca/p/mission-statement.html