#12 pence stamp

[vox-anglosphere]

A 12p Canadian stamp from 1851. We were on sterling until 1871 and drove on the left until 1922. Much has changed - except the Crown.

[designsfromtime]

How much did “Chintz” or “Calico” cottons cost in the 18th Century?

In this century, when we think of “calico” we more than likely envision a cotton with a small print a la Little House on the Prairie, but calico in the 18th century was just a name for printed cottons and had nothing to do with a specific pattern or design.

It’s interesting to note just “how” printed fabrics were accomplished. A wood carver would create a wooden block of a pattern - such as a cluster of flowers, etc. That block or “stamp” would then be brushed with mordant to make the dye adhere to the fabric. The artisan would then stamp the design on the fabric, then dye the whole piece. It would then be rinsed to reveal the stamped design.

Attached is a copy of a bill of goods from New York dated 1793. I needed to know how much a yard of printed cotton would cost for one of my novels that is set in 1773. As a writer, research of such minutiae is par for the course, but as a costumer I was doubly curious.

“Chintz” was a type of printed cotton produced in India, The Calico Acts (1700, 1721) banned the import of most cotton textiles into England, followed by the restriction of sale of most cotton textiles. It was a form of economic protectionism, largely in response to India (particularly Bengal), which dominated world cotton textile markets at the time. Parliament began to see a decline in domestic textile sales, and an increase in imported textiles from places like China and India. Seeing the East India Company and their textile importation as a threat to domestic textile businesses, Parliament passed the Calico Acts as an attack on textile importation. This is the same reasoning Elizabeth-1 enacted sumptuary statutes on “black dyed woolen hats.” But I leave that topic for another time! The point being is that protecting English trade by banning certain imports was not a new device.

During the 18th century the monetary system in the colonies was in pounds shilling and pence. There were 20 Shillings to the pound and 12 Pence per Shilling. Also at the same time each colony had their own currency system. For instance the New York pound was worth 30% less than British sterling, with a NY shilling equivalent to only 8 pence sterling instead of the usual 12. Among the list of goods purchased on the 7th of May 1793 according to the bill of sale pictured, is a 14 x yards length of ‘Fancy Chintz’. It cost 3 shillings 9 pence per yard with the total cost coming to two pounds, twelve shillings and 6 pence.

Now, do not quote me as an expert. I’ve drawn my information from several on-line sources and it’s been suggested that these prices are very likely listed at wholesale, or purchased for “cost,” as the buyers themselves were merchants and would mark it up to make a profit.

Let’s consider wages in the time period of 1773 thereabouts. According to what I’ve been able to source on-line, the average wage for a farmer would be about 10 pounds per year. A day laborer, or farm hand, would make about 6 shillings per month. When you work out the comparison using wages of each era and try to calculate how much ONE yard of chintz would cost, it appears that it was equivalent to approximately three quarters of a day’s wage (in 1793).

Depending on the width of the fabric a typical round gown, which is a gown that isn’t split up the front and worn with a decorative petticoat, would take about 6 yards or more. I’m making that estimate based on what “I” would purchase for a textile that is 45" wide. That means the cost of ONE gown would equal to about a week’s wages!  HOLY COW!

For us in 2021, cotton is an inexpensive textile. A polished cotton or chintz now days costs about $20 a yard. The brown and ivory fabric I used in the recent gown I shared cost about $19 a yard because it was a historical reproduction, but on average printed cottons cost about $10 a yard, while wool fetches a price of anywhere from $25 to $40 a yard! In the 18th century wool would have been much more affordable than cotton chintz or calico. 

I’ve included some of my FAVORITE cotton prints that I’m anxious to have an opportunity to use on a robe a’ la polonaise! They are ALL available on Spoonflower. They are NOT historical reproductions, but… close enough to pass some prints from the 18th Century.

You can view my full “collection” of cotton prints on my Pinterest page:https://www.pinterest.com/…/cotton-prints-historical…/

A blog I used for reference:  https://oldepatchart.com.au/…/11/18/yard-chintz-cost-1793/

Other sources were found on a Google search.

[whatdoesshedotothem]

Saturday 15 June 1839

8 ½

2

rain in the night – dull morning F53 ½° inside and 51 ½° outside now at 9 ¼ and breakfast in about ¾ hour – had Booth – some bills to pay for which received from A- £6 and gave it to B- and gave him copy of letter to write to Cooksons’ brother – I wrote and sent by him about after 12 note to ‘Messrs. Parker and Adam solicitors Halifax’ enclosing Nelsons’ estate of the terrace-walling – had Thomas Pearson and his brother George about the upper Dovehouse (Pump) farm – made no bid – if I was determined to have £80 there was an end – very well, said I, and wished him good morning and came away – all very civil but I would rather not have George P- unless I cannot mend myself – B- proposed my letting the land and sufficient building at £60, and taking the £20 worth of cottages to myself – I see no great objection to this? think about it – I would rather have Empsall or Joshua Lee than George Pearson as I observed to DB.  looking over linen from the wash, etc. at luncheon with A- till after 2 had struck then wrote the above of today – changed my pelisse and off to the bank (down the o.b.) at 4 for had stood talking to Robert Mann and then John Booth and then D. Booth in the Lodge road and at the Lodge above an hour – A- rode off to Cliff hill about 2 ½ and returned about 5 ½ - settle that DB. is to be paid 2 guineas per week from 1 January to 1 July and then to begin with after the rate of per annum £20 from A- and the same from me for looking after the estate and £20 for the colliery = £60 per annum – values his time at 2 guineas per week or 7/. per day – will bring his son Joseph forward – he himself cannot take trowel in hand again – down the o.b. to the bank – gave Bank of England Huddersfield post bill no. 4435 for H- [watt] manager D. Marsden  in exchange for £45 in B. of E- fives, and five pounds in silver and £50 in their own   notes – this transaction taken no notice of by the bank – finding that if I drew a bill today payable  a month after date £463 to Mr. Gray the stamp would cost 5/. Mr. McK- proposed my drawing at 21 days – but said I the interest lost would then be more than the stamp – no! Be so good as look said I - the interest would be 6/. – well! then said I, I will let the matter alone, and write and tell Mr. Gray to draw on you on the 15th for the money – and I will add to the letter I gave you the other day that on the 15thJuly next you pay £463 and afterwards as directed above – i.e. 15th each succeeding January and July – McK- very civil – returned up the o.b. having merely reminded McK- that nobody had any right to draw out, but they might put in what they pleased – home about 5 – stood talking to Robert Mann – he paid me for 12 loads coal carting to his own house Charlestown and to a neighbours’ in the new bank at two pence = 4/. but other people having 3d. per load I am in future to have the same – came in with DB. – paid him sundry small bills and larger bill for A- = £32.8.10 which I took out of the hundred pounds post bill – then with A- till dinner at 7 ¼ having 1st gone into the cellar for 1 A-‘s old port and 1 Malmsey Madeira – after dinner pothered about the loss of Tiny who had not returned with me from H-x – we had given her up for lost when she came back about (before) 9 – wrote all but the 1st 13 lines of today till now 9 ½ A- sleeping on the bed by me in the blue room – then went downstairs and made coffee and had 2 cups, and slumbered on the sofa – came upstairs again (A- still asleep) about 10 ¼ - then busy looking over one thing or other till one struck A- still asleep tho’ she had got up for a minute or 2 about 11 – F54 ½° inside and 48 ½° outside now at one am one tonight – fine day

[huntsman-ash]

RWBY V8E4 LiveThoughts

And were back at it again, this week with turkey and Italian preserved sausage as a snack! Lets see what RT has for us this week.

Oh, 20 minutes. Are they normally this long?

Oh, wait, the openings almost 2 minutes long. Thats more like it.

And now to Robyn and Qrow. Seems Robyns actually liking Qrow a little bit now. 

Guess the cells aren’t secured if a fly got into Schnee’s. This a “Fly on Mike Pence’s face” reference?

Qrow sounds more growly again. Did he get smacked back two seasons by Clover dying?

If by “darkness” you mean “Tyrian” then, yes. Also dude, its Clover. He was shit anyway. All the Aces are shit. Dont feel too bad about him.

And he’s got a point too. If Clover had thought with his head instead of his dick (yes, Im sure they were gonna fuck, Fair Games totally a thing), he probably wouldnt be dead now, and Tyrian would be the one with the sword through his chest.

But of course this is RWBY and V7/8 so things cant go their ways.

Ouch. Deep thoughts of Qrow. And some interesting stuff from Robyn too. I still think I’d prefer hopeandharmonizing’s Briar, though.

Marrows glare gives me life. Hare’s just a moron right now though, but thats no real surprise. She’s immature emotionally.  Honestly, shes...kind of like a less bad version of our current President. Always has to be the best at everything, fastest, leader, whatever.

Thats probably why this is grating on her so much. Even though shes TECHNICALLY the Ace’s leader now (I think? Seemed like she was Clovers lieutenant, so by rate of succession she’s in command now)

A glance at the little floating control pad... “Clerance access only”. Okay, that...seems weird. Shouldnt it say something like authorized personell only? Maybe it means access by clerance only or something.

Then Robyn’s name, and then process ID 4591-27. No idea what thats useful for but its there.

Also Marrow seems to be the only competent member of the Aces rn. 

Ah now we get to see some of the hills around Atlas. For those of you who have seen my headcanons on the Hunter-Killers and their base of operations, Fortress Academy, its out in these hills somewhere.

The music sounds like a boss fight.

The screen on Ren’s hoverbike reads “HVB Rhino” and “HD5800″ I can only assume HVB stands for “hoverbike” and Rhino must be its name, like how the dropships are Mantas. No clue what the number is. 

Also apparently the cold in Solitas is so bad it corrupts machinery?

Ahh, good, some action. Lets see what we get now. Ohh, teamwork. And again, signs that aura allows you to move faster and farther than a normal human

Heh, it really is like a boss fight, like the chase scene at the end of the first Viking level in For Honor.

Oh, and it can call for reenforcements literally out of nowhere? Or is the whole tundra of Solitas just CRAWLING with Grimm?

Yes, yes it did just call for backup, Yang. Maybe these are all forward scouts and ambush units from the Grimmstorm. They did say its the biggest...

Another banger from Casey Lee Williams...

What the hell happened in Solitas to cause this geography? Seriously, its a line of bridges over a gap in two cliffs...that cant be natrual, not that equal in distance.

Man, those bikes didnt even last half an episode...I guess thats fair, they are facing obsurd odds. Or maybe they just want Yang to be the only one with a bike.

And there goes the dropwall. Woops.

Also you can just kinda see it but they bounce off the rock and thats why they slow down. Useful.

Also this part with them falling off the edge reminds me of the ending cutscene of Halo 4s Forerunner level, where Chief flies out of a portal and almost goes sailing off a cliff in a Ghost.  Except here, the bike stays on the land and THEY go off the cliff.

I paused at just the right time cause YANGS FACE XD

Holy shit what are Ren’s weapons cables MADE OF? The one atop him is holding him AND the weight of his two teammates. And the one below has both Jaune and Yang. No sign of slippage or breackage at all. 

Ahhh there’s the whaleship (Monstra? Fuck it Im gonna keep calling it the whaleship). So yeah my headcanon now is the mountain its right next too is Menachite, where Fortress is. 

Oh hey back to the Schnee manor of all things! Does...this mean military invasion of the Schnee grounds. Hey Whitley. Lesbians are here. 

Someone make a video cut of Weiss banging on the door to the “Knock knock open up the door its real!” part of that one song.

Hehehehhe. Nice Weiss.

Also convenient about the house staff. Good thing RT doesnt need to animate them or Willow now...

I hope the staff took some of the silverware and some paintings on the way out.

Why is MAY the one carrying Nora.

Ah so now they’re stuck out there with no cell service. Hehe.

Ah okay so the cold in Solitas DOES eat aura. Good, my headcanon still kind of stands. 

I wonder, does wearing proper cold weather clothing (like bundled up stuff) help? Or does it cut right through...

Why is JAUNE the one hauling the bike? Isnt Yang the strongest? Or maybe they take turns.

Ahhh inter-team talking. Also, outpost. Hmm. Atlas one? Overrun if I had to guess. Unless he saw Fortress. Which I doubt.

I do love the circling shot here, with the light on Yang’s hair and the shadows on Ren. Its...really artistic and emotional. GREAT WORK RT. 

Rens got points. And hes saying stuff I myself have been saying for ages, which is good. I wonder why this is how Ren is now...working with the Ace Ops? Being afraid of loosing Nora? No one tell him what happened last episode.

Also, Jaune’s hair seems to have gotten less crazy in recent episodes. It looks less like a banana and more like a close tactical cut.

Yangs got a point.

Ahhh and now we get to see the inside of the whale. 

SALEM FOR THE LOVE OF GOD STOP SHOWING THE FUCK OFF. SERIOUSLY. WE GET IT. 

...this is gonna be a really criingy torture section, isnt it.

Someones gonna take that “hound didnt break you” line in the WRONG direction 

It is amusing the only thing holding Oscar down is the Hound actually. 

Ah so they’re still searching the remains of Beacon.

Also I like how Salem calls them “her forces” as if its anything but a random bunch of expendable monsters. Like, bruh, you cant search anything with THAT.

Ignoring the boring chat between these two, notice how the Hound’s shoulder literally flexes and shifts when Salem touched it. I dont think this thing is solid at all aside from the head and the bone claws...the whole thing is just amorphous Grimm material that can adapt to whatever situation it requires. A specialist unit. A...Hunter hunter.

Yo what the fuck was that. Magic? Huh. Did we actually SEE magic for once in the show? Only took us 8 FUCKING SEASONS...

Doesnt seem to be anything but an energy blast/pain never firing though. I assume his auras still gone, cause its completely singed his shirt, but it didnt do much else.

...Im not impressed.

She really needs to stop touching his face, its creeping me out.

HAHA SHE CANT DO IT HERSELF SHE HAS TO RELY ON HAZEL BEATING THE SHIT OUT OF HIM. I think we know where she stands now, doesnt she...say what you will about her letting Hazel have his vengeance (which is very valid, even he admits hit), but me? I think she A) cant actually beat up on Ozma herself because she still cares and B) shes almost out of magic too. Its weakened as the Gods have been gone and shes been forced to rely on the Grimm and on pawns. Basically, once she and Oz are both gone? That’s it for magic. Remnant will belong to the Grimm...and to technology. 

At which point without Oz around to hold them back Atlas is going to go fucking BONKERS and basically ensure the Grimm get pushed back into a corner and then finally permenantly STAMPED OUT.

More Whale insides. Seems like most of its empty grandious spaces. Or possibly muscle? Hard to tell. Either way theres a lot of open air in there...with tight corridors. If you fired a thermobaric warehead into one of the chambers the resulting blastc could possibly blow the doors off and send a raging fireball through the entire thing...Hmm. Filing that away for later.

NEO IS SO SHORT ITS FUNNY TO ME. I know its just positioning BUT SHE LOOKS EVEN SHORTER IN THIS SHOT THAN USUAL.

More note on the Hound; the “flesh” around its right shoulder spike actually sinks down when it stops moving. Its neck shifts and moves too, like the material isnt solid, but recirculating.

I also dont see any eyes. And it looks like it has some kind of...forehead mouth? Def looks like teeth down the ridge of its spine.

Oh boy yeah that...whole thing is basically melting in on itself.

I wont lie; hearing Cinder get berated by CORTANA (and yes, I still hear Cortana in Salem, espeically now that the two characters are kind of one and the same, both megalomaniacal leaders of giant armies, bar the fact that one of them is about a TRILLION times more dangerous than the other because one of them has access to Guardian Custodies and the other one is...well kind of lame and has to have beefy dudes beat up on small children etc) is pleasing to me. 

Get fucked, Cinder.

And THERE is Cortana again too.

Neo Marry Popins’s Ya’lling is fucking CUTE. And I love her little smirk.

Wait the whale’s that close?

..oh my...hold on.

...thats it. THATS ATLAS’S AIR FLEET!?!

12 AIRSHIPS? 12? EXCUSE ME!?

ARE YOU LEGITAMETLY TELLING ME THE BIGGEST MILITARY ON REMNANT HAS FEWER AIRSHIPS THAN THE SMALLEST NAVY ON EARTH HAS FRIGATES? YOUR FUCKING KIDDING ME RIGHT? THERE HAS TO BE MORE SOMEWHERE. THIS IS A JOKE, A STRAIGHT UP FUCKING JOKE.

...

No, thats...thats it. Thats Atlas’s airfleet. 12 tiny vessels. I swear it was bigger last season...

...HA! HAHA! HA! Oh, Ironwood, and Atlas as a whole...you deserve everything your about to get. I hope you die SCREAMING, and that when your bodies fall bleeding and shattered to Mantle, the people down there will realize that, no. You cant just assume Hunters will do all the work for you

THIS IS REMNANT. ITS KILL OR BE KILLED. YOU EITHER MAKE A FORCE POWERFUL ENOUGH THAT THE GRIMM RUN FROM YOU  OR YOU DIE INSTEAD. ATLAS FAILED. NOW THEY SUFFER.

Emerald stop simpin.

Also that is...the SHITTEST outpost...I have ever seen in my life. My overall thought process of Atlas is...sinking even LOWER than before. 

Though it seems more like a waystation. Bed, Dust, some dudes coat on it. Dead heater. Its probably a rest spot for Specialists out in the tundra.

Ren does the emo sit. Lol. Yang even says it. Brood himself to death.

Alright whats this now...something forcing itself out of the tundra?

And thats it for today! Cool ass concept art at the end there too. 

[eeattherich]

99 Reasons to Vote Donald Trump out of Office

(from femislay)

1) referred to Nazis as “very fine people”

2) separated 4,500 children from their migrant parents at the border

3) lied over 15,000 times since coming into office

4) has yet to release his tax returns

5) referred to countries like Haiti and Africa as “shit-holes”

6) withdrew from Mercury Effluent Rule, which regulated safe use and disposal of mercury in dental offices

7) presidential negligence resulted in 3,000 deaths in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria

8) cut all funding for the UN Family Planning agency

9) dropped bombs on Syria without congressional approval

10) Advanced construction of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access Pipeline

11) barred individuals from 7 majority Muslim countries from entering the US, including Syrian refugees

12) signed a bill allowing states to withhold funding for Planned Parenthood

13) Put Betsy DeVos in charge of education

14) Increased gov spending by half a trillion dollars

15) 20,000 reports of abuse in detention centers

16) a government shutdown that cost 11 billion

17) blacklisted the term ‘climate change’

18) halted a directive that allowed transgender students to use the bathroom corresponding to their gender identity

19) renewed contracts with for-profit prisons

20) anti-Semitic attacks increased by 87% in the six months after Trump’s election

21) cut the number of refugees allowed to resettle in the US abt almost 100,000

22) considered courting funding from TSA and the Coast Guard to fund his border wall

23) 140,000 covid deaths and counting

24) lied under oath

25) continuously profited from events held at Trump International Hotel

26) demonized journalists and the press

27) sent federal troops across the country to violently respond to protests

28) Ukraine

30) appointed a VP who used his personal email for state affairs

31) considered cutting funding from TSA an the Coast Guard to fund his border wall

32) expanded the CIA’s power, allowing them to conduct drone strikes on suspected terrorists

33) removed catergories related to sexual orientation and gender identity on the US Census

34) called journalists “the enemy of the people”

35) said Andrew Jackson had a “big heart”

36) been accused of sexual assault by dozens of women

37) fired James Comey in the middle of an investigations into Russia meddling in the 2016 election

38) under his leadership, the EPA withdrew mining restrictions on Alaska’s headwaters

39) shares highly classified information with the Russian foreign minister

40) hosted QAnon supporters at the White House

41) required all visa applicants to share their social media handles

42) withdrew from the Paris Agreement

43) blocked a veterans group on Twitter that was critical of him

44) reversed an opening of diplomatic ties with Cuba

45) appointed Rick Perry, who does not believe Carbon Dioxide causes climate change, as Secretary of Energy

46) cut 1200 jobs from the EPA

47) rolled back regulations that ensured drinking water was safe for consumption

48) the US military paid over 2 million dollars to rent space in Trump Tower claiming it was needed to protect Trump, despite Trump not spending a single night there

49) choose a white nationalist, William Johnson, as a California delegate

50) refused to rebuke white nationalists in Charlottesville

51) rolled back emission standards for automobiles

52) called confederate statues “beautiful”

53) 6 migrant children died in ICE custody in 2019

54) costs taxpayers 3 million dollars per visit to Mar-a-Lago, a resort he owns

55) signed a directive preventing transgender people from joining the military

56) pardoned an Arizona sheriff found guilty of racially profiling Latinx individuals

57) threatened to totally destroy North Korea

58) scrapped healthcare subsidies for low income Americans

59) forgot the name of a fallen soldier when he called the soldier’s widow to offer his condolences

60) ended temporary protected status for 59,000 Haitians

61) retweeted anti-Muslim video on twitter

62) endorsed Ray Moore, an alleged pedophile, for Senate

63) prevented the CDC from using the terms transgender, fetus, science based, and evidence based in documents

64) dissolved his own comission on voter fraud

65) cheated on his wife just four months after the birth of his child then paid the woman 130,000 dollars in hush money

66) recieved praise from white supremisist, David Duke

67) appointed 30 people with tied to the coal industry to positions in the Enviormemtal Protection Agency

68) advocated for the execution of drug dealers

69) ended funding for NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System

70) withdrew from Iran nuclear deal

71) detained nearly 13,000 migrant children without access to education of legal services

72) mocked a sexual assault survivor

73) declared a national emergency at the Southern border in an attempt to get 5.7 billion for a border wall

74) made it easier for gas and oil companies to lay pipelines without beif blocked by states citing the Clean Water Act

75) encouraged supporters to attack political opponents

76) demanded his son-in-law be granted security clearance

77) withdrew from the Arms Trade Treaty

78) tried to withhold congressionally appropriated disaster relief money from going to Puerto Rico

79) rolled back power plant regulations

80) weakened the Endangered Species Act

81) tried to limit benefits such as food stamps, housing support, and Medicaid to immigrants

82) updated policy allowing US to detain migrant families with children indefinitely

83)misused over 2 million in charitable funds

84) diverted 3.6 billion from Defense spending to the construction of his border wall

85) places immigration restrictions on Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Eritrea, Myanmar, and Kyrgyzstan

86) appointed Mike Pence to lead the COVID-19 response

87) made it legal for law enforcement authorities to obtain DNA information from detained immigrants

88) cut off payments to the World Health Organization

89) set up sham corporations to avoid paying taxes on 413 million inherited from his parents

90) called peaceful protestors in Minnesota “thugs”

91) threaded protestors in Minnesota with “vicious dogs”

92) had protestors outside the White House tear gassed by federal agents so he could hold a Bible for a photo op

93) eliminated healthcare protections for transgender patients

94) did nothing to punish or condemn Russia after discovering that Russia was paying bounties to the Taliban to kill American Soldiers

95) retweeted a video of a supporter yelling “white power”

96) helped Saudi Arabia drop bombs on Yemen

97) advocated against mail in voting, despite using this method of voting himself

98) relaxed regulations to allow offshore drilling off the coast of Florida

99) mocked people with disabilities

[lothiriel84]

Currency was based on the penny, and the smallest denomination above it was the humble groat or fourpenny piece, and the half-groat (twopence), and one of the largest was the Angel or Angel-noble, called this because of its image of the Archangel Michael stamped in the design. The first shillings, or 'testoons' were created in 1502 in the reign of Henry VII. Occasionally half-pennies or farthings (quarter of a penny) were actually struck as coins, but this was rare: the smaller denominations were usually made by cutting a full penny into halves and quarters, or by using tokens as in Pepys’s Diary.

[...]

Just a few of the coins in circulation:

Farthing = 1/4 penny Half-penny = 1/2 penny Three-farthing = 3/4 penny Groat = 4 pennies (4d) Sixpence = 6 pennies (6d) Shilling = 12 pennies (1s ) Half-crown = 30 pennnies (2s 6d) Crown = 60 pennies (5s) Angel = 120 pennies (10s) Pound = 240 pennies (20s or £1) Sovereign = 360 pence (30s or £1 10s)

[oeillade]

In which Anne's uncle writes a letter that makes points that do 'not matter two pence to the present case.'  Anne rewrites it and presents it in a diplomatic fashion.

1821 September Wednesday 12  7 10/60 12 20/60 In an hour before breakfast and afterwards from 11 10/60 to 3 50/60, read from chapter 22 to 50 (very nearly 17 pages) librum 9 Herodotus and afterwards from page 21 to 46 ½ volume 4 Beloe’s Translation. My uncle came and interrupted me bringing the copy of his letter to the stamp office which in fact would not do at all but this I managed as well as I could and wrote a quite different one for him he staid dawdling three quarters hour shewing me all the paper she had ever had about the business since my uncle’s death all which did not matter two pence to the present case however I said not a word but let him go on and when he went downstairs in about twenty minutes took him what I had written which he immediately copied and made ready to go tomorrow --- My uncle had a letter this morning from Mr. W. Campbell comptroller of the Legacy Duties, (Stamp-office, Somerset Place, London) my uncle Joseph having left my father his share of the Hampstead property and the rents that were then due or might become due, they claim a duty on the use. I suppose they take it for granted there might be arrears of rent and they claim for these --- My uncle’s letter to go tomorrow, will surely satisfy them that they have no right to another thing on this score --- Was ready to go out at 5 1/4 and got as far as the new road but it began to rain again and I was obliged to turn back --- Rained all last night and a good deal this morning fair about noon --- but rainy from between 4 and 5 in the afternoon --- Barometer 2 ½ degrees below changeable Fahrenheit 60 1/2° at 9 p.m. Dined at 6 1/2 --- Dawdled away all the evening. The men cut a few hattocks of oats about noon, our first beginning of harvest this year --- Came upstairs at 10 50/60 --- About 20 minutes at librum xxii Iliad --- [notation on venereal complaint]

[skgway]

1821 Jan., Sat. 13

9

1

Very good one just after getting into bed last night – 

Miss Milner came to try on a gown – Miss Maclean called for me at 12, walked with her and her sister Breadalban[e] and their young friend Miss Macdowne (at 16 from Mrs. Howard’s school here), and left cards for their sister Mrs. Goerge Lloyd and Mrs. John Priestly and called at the Crosbys – 

Walked on to Clifton and back, and then went shopping with Miss McLean – to save trouble, and in fun, borrowed of her two guinea notes to pay Hornby – Walked up and down a little with Mrs. Anne and met Miss Hall – and returned for A[nne] B[elcombe] about 2 – 

Went to the Spiritual Court Office – wills from 15 d [pence] to 35 d [pence] copying, on account of the stamps – I should not be allowed to write down extracts – Thence called at the Duffins’ and Miss M– [Marsh]’s. Walked as far as the white house and got home at 4 – 

Dawdled away the evening, except writing a page to Mrs. James Dalton, and writing the journal of yesterday – Came upstairs at 12 – Fine day – Lady Johnston and Mrs. John Raper called on me this morning –

[stripe-conlon]

Actually, a shilling represents 12 pence. Without a defined year the story is set in, I went with the year of publication to run the inflation calculation. He was earning £240.19 a week or £960.76/month.

At the exchange rate at 7:23am EST on December 23, 2021, that��s $322.50/week or $1290/month. He’s under the poverty guideline for both food stamps and medical assistance for a one person household, forget an 8 person household like his is.

Of course everyone should earn a living wage, I agree with the advocacy for that. Just there’s probably better ways to get it than lie about a fictional character’s earnings.

[statetalks]

Are There Any Republicans Running For President Other Than Trump

Republican Presidential Hopefuls Move Forward As Trump Considers 2024 Run

2020 Election – 5 Republicans Who Might Run For President (Why Donald Trump will be the GOP Nominee)

Print

Less than three months after former President Trump left the White House, the race to succeed him is already beginning.

Trumps former secretary of State, Michael R. Pompeo, has launched an aggressive schedule visiting states that will play a pivotal role in the 2024 Republican primaries and has signed a contract with Fox News Channel. Mike Pence, Trumps former vice president, has started a political advocacy group, finalized a book deal and later this month will give a speech in South Carolina, his first since leaving office. And Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis has been courting donors, including in Trumps backyard, with a prominent speaking slot before the former president at a GOP fundraising retreat dinner this month at Mar-a-Lago, the Florida resort where Trump now lives.

Trump ended his presidency with such a firm grip on Republican voters that party leaders fretted he would freeze the field of potential 2024 candidates, delaying preparations as he teased another run. Instead, many Republicans with national ambitions are openly laying the groundwork for campaigns as Trump continues to mull his own plans.

Theyre raising money, making hires and working to bolster their name recognition. The moves reflect both the fervor in the party to reclaim the White House and the reality that mounting a modern presidential campaign is a years-long endeavor.

‘americans Will See The Current Two Options Are Not The Choice’

Jade Simmons is a multi-hyphenated woman. A former beauty queen, professional concert pianist, motivational speaker, rapper, mother, and ordained pastor.

As she puts it, she is an unconventional candidate, “but these are unconventional times”.

“This seemed to me to be a time when we couldn’t afford to do business as usual,” she says. “I’m the daughter of a civil rights activist, and the way my father raised me was that if you see voids, if you see injustices, you need to ask yourself if that might be you that needs to be leaning in.”

She says her goal is to create equal access to opportunity, through economic, educational and criminal justice reform. And in that spirit, she’s aiming to run “the least expensive campaign in the history of our nation”.

“We think it’s abominable that it costs now almost a billion dollars to run for president when the qualifications are that you are 35 years old, a US-born resident, and have lived here 14 years,” says Ms Simmons. “We’d rather spend that money on helping people.”

Full coverage of the US election

While the Republican and Democratic nominees will be on the ballot in all states, independents must meet an array of state deadlines and access requirements.

“I know it sounds wild, given the history of independents! We believe that if we stay standing long enough, there’s still some more disruption coming in – that most Americans are going to see that the current two options are not the choice.

Sen Mitt Romney Of Utah

A Gallup poll last March found Romney, 74, has a higher approval rating among Democrats than Republicans, so you might figure he doesnt have a prayer in taking his partys nomination again. A February Morning Consult poll, though, had Romney polling ahead of Republicans like Pompeo, Cotton and Hawley. So, youre telling me theres a chance? Yes, a one-in-a-million chance.

The 2012 GOP presidential nominee and his wife, Ann, have five sons. He graduated from Brigham Young University and Harvard Law. Romney is a former Massachusetts governor, and the first person to be a governor and senator from two different states since Sam Houston, who was governor of Tennessee and a senator from Texas. Romney is this years JFK Profile in Courage Award recipient.

Florida Gov Ron Desantis

DeSantis, 42, has quickly emerged as a Republican rising star. He finished second in the Conservative Political Action Conference straw poll in February behind Trump, and some see him as the best positioned heir to the Trump mantle.

If Trump doesnt run again, I think hes the odds-on favorite to be the next president, Florida Republican Party chair and state Sen. Joe Gruters told NBC News of DeSantis.

DeSantis appeal is due in part to his combative relationship with the news media he regularly spars with journalists, interrupting or pushing back against their questions in a way Trump fans would appreciate and also because of his handling of the pandemic.

In a recent Wall Street Journal op-ed, DeSantis wrote that Floridas less-restrictive response to COVID-19 bucked faulty intel from the elites and the state still ended up with comparatively low unemployment, and per capita COVID mortality below the national average. Floridas COVID-19 death rate per 100,000 people is similar to California and Ohio, and so far, about 33,500 Floridians have died from the virus. New research in the American Journal of Public Health suggests the state is undercounting COVID-19 deaths.

How Biden Won: Ramping Up The Base And Expanding Margins In The Suburbs

It brings the number of states Biden flipped from Trump’s 2016 column to five, including Arizona, which last voted Democratic in a presidential race when it backed Clinton in 1996.

Biden also flipped Michigan, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania, three key northern industrial states that ultimately delivered the White House to Trump four years ago. Biden also won a single electoral vote in Nebraska’s 2nd Congressional District, which last voted Democratic for former President Barack Obama in 2008.

Electors from each state and the District of Columbia are expected to vote on Dec. 14. The new Congress will then count the votes and certify Biden’s victory on Jan. 6, two weeks before the inauguration.

But Georgia’s political activity is far from over. The state will hold two runoff elections on Jan. 5 for both its U.S. Senate seats, which are currently held by Republicans.

‘i Made A Decision To Live My Life In Service’

Brock Pierce is a former child actor who appeared in the Mighty Ducks franchise and starred as the president’s son in the 1996 comedy First Kid. But thanks to his second career as a tech entrepreneur, he’s also probably a crypto currency billionaire.

Why is he running for president? Partly because he is deeply concerned by the state of the country.

“I think that we lack a real vision for the future – I mean, what kind of world do we want to live in, in the year 2030? What is the plan? Where are we trying to get to, you know? You have to aim for something. And I see mostly just a lot of mud being thrown around, not a lot of people putting forth game-changing ideas. It’s getting scary. And I have a view of what to do.”

For the last four years, Mr Pierce has focused on philanthropic work in Puerto Rico, where his foundation recently raised a million dollars for PPE to give to first responders.

Asked what America’s priorities should be for the next four years, he suggests the country stops pursuing “growth for growth’s sake”, and measures its success by how well life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness are upheld.

“I have many liberal tendencies, just like I have conservative tendencies,” Mr Pierce says. “And I think it’s time we take a collective breath and a brave step into the future, because all of these ideologies have something to teach us.”

‘We don’t like either candidate’

And if he doesn’t pull it off? Mr Pierce says he has offers.

Trump Remains 2024 Candidate Of Choice For Most Republicans Poll Shows

59% of Republican voters said they wanted Trump to play prominent role in party, but tens of thousands left after Capitol riot

If the 2024 Republican presidential primary were held today, Donald Trump would be the clear favorite to win big. That was the message from a Politico-Morning Consult poll released on Tuesday, three days after Trumps acquittal in his second impeachment trial, on a charge of inciting the insurrection at the US Capitol on 6 January.

Among Republican voters, 59% said they wanted Trump to play a prominent role in their party, up a whopping 18 points from the last such poll, taken in the aftermath of the Capitol riot. A slightly lower number, 54%, said they would back Trump in the primary.

Tens of thousands of Republicans left the party after the Capitol insurrection, and a majority of Americans have told other pollsters they would like to see Trump banished from politics.

Though the 45th president will be 78 by election day 2024, he will be able to run again if he chooses, having escaped being barred from office after a 57-43 Senate vote to convict with seven Republican defections but 10 votes short of the majority needed.

Mike Pences life was threatened by Trump supporters at the Capitol, as the vice-president presided over the ratification of electoral college results confirming Trumps defeat by Joe Biden. He placed second in the Politico-Morning Consult poll, with 12%.

Key Votes: 115th Congress 2017

For detailed information about each vote, click .

Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018

 Bill Passed on December 12, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 )

 Bill Passed on June 21, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance. It also proposed modifying the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, previously known as the food stamp program.

Voted Yea on: Securing Americaâs Future Act of 2018

 Bill Failed on June 21, 2018

Proposed funding a border wall, limiting legal immigration, a mandatory worker verification program, allowing DACA recipients to apply for legal status, and preventing separation of families at the border.

Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018

 Bill Passed on December 12, 2018

Reauthorizes through FY2023 and modifies some Department of Agriculture programs.

Voted Yea on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act

Voted Yea on: Kates Law

Voted Yea on: No Sanctuary for Criminals Act

Voted Yea on: American Health Care Act of 2017

Voted Nay on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018

Georgia’s Republican Us Senators Call On Gop State Election Chief To Resign

GOP strategist predicts Trump Jr. will run in 2024: “He’s a flamethrower”

Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, himself a Republican, called the claims “laughable” and refused to step aside.

The early rancor and fighting over the presidential election results, which are headed for a recount despite Biden’s growing lead, is a preview of the intense fight to come over the fate of the two Senate seats. Vice President Pence told GOP senators that he plans to campaign in the state, and national Democrats are already pouring money and support to their challengers, Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock.

The Georgia runoffs are slated for Jan. 5, after the Senate is scheduled to begin a new session. That uncertainty means the Senate will be unable to officially organize until the results of that election are finalized.

A Marine stands outside the entrance to the West Wing of the White House on Tuesday, signifying that President Trump is in the Oval Office. Evan Vucci/APhide caption

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A Marine stands outside the entrance to the West Wing of the White House on Tuesday, signifying that President Trump is in the Oval Office.

President Trump is set to visit Arlington National Cemetery on Wednesday to mark Veterans Day and lay a wreath. Trump will be joined by Vice President Pence. This is one of the more traditional ceremonial duties of a president. .

Asked what the president has been up to, White House spokesman Judd Deere said Trump has been working behind the scenes.

None Of Them Can Win But They Could Play Spoiler

Remember when half of American white males over the age of 40 declared themselves for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016? There were so many candidates that they couldn’t fit them all on two packed debate stages. One guy stayed in after receiving a grand total of 12 votes in the Iowa caucuses; in New Hampshire, Jim Gilmore’s showing improved to , an unprecedented 1,000 percent increase. Reader: He didn’t withdraw for another six days.

Since Donald Trump is our incumbent president, and will thus almost surely be the GOP nominee in 2020, we should be spared a repeat, and really ought to be able to give our undivided attention to the approximately 437 mostly Social Security-eligible senators, governors, congressmen, mayors, and billionaire activists looking to run on the Democratic ticket in 2020. Unfortunately, Trump will almost certainly be challenged, either in the ostensibly meaningless Republican primaries or by one or more independent right-of-center candidates.

Stephen Bannon thinks 2020 will be a proper three-way race. #NeverTrumpers are already ferreting around for someone to challenge the president for the GOP nomination. “I just finished reading a book about the French resistance. It reminds me of that. People are meeting over their garages their ateliers trying to figure out who’s going to do it,” one of them toldNew York recently.

Here are five people who might just fit the bill.

1. John Kasich

Chance of running: 80 percent

2. Jeff Flake

Georgia’s Brad Raffensperger: National Gop Figures Didn’t Understand Our Laws

But Gabriel Sterling, Georgia’s voting system implementation manager, said on Wednesday that the system is working exactly the way it is intended.

“The irony of saying ‘fraudulent votes have been found’ â he has gained in the finding of these votes,” he said.

Raffensperger has said he’s been pressured by top Republicans to find ways of disqualifying ballots that hurt the Trump campaign.

“They say that as pressure builds, it reveals your character, it doesn’t change your character. Some people aren’t behaving too well with seeing where the results are,” Raffensperger told NPR’s Ari Shapiro on Tuesday.

“At the end of the day, I want voters to understand that when they cast their ballot in Georgia, it will be accurately counted. You may not like the results and I get that. I understand how contentious it is. But you can then respect the results.”

Poll workers check voters’ identifications on Election Day at the Orpheum Theater in Madison, Wis. The Trump campaign has announced it is filing for a recount in two Wisconsin counties.hide caption

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Poll workers check voters’ identifications on Election Day at the Orpheum Theater in Madison, Wis. The Trump campaign has announced it is filing for a recount in two Wisconsin counties.

President Trump’s campaign announced Wednesday morning it is filing a petition to formally ask election authorities to conduct a recount in two Wisconsin counties. President-elect Joe Biden won the state by a little more than 20,000 votes.

If Trump Runs In 2024 Could Any Republican Beat Him

As we await the final results to come in from the decisive states, let us assume for a moment that this election ends in the way that now appears most likely. That is, Joe Biden wins, and a large number of conservatives are convinced that the only reason President Trump lost is that Democrats stole the election.

Given these circumstances, if Trump decided that he wanted to run for president again four years from now, is there a Republican politician in the country who would be able to stop him?

For sure, professional Republicans would want to move on from Trump. And many of the Republican voters who merely tolerated him because he was better than the Democratic alternative may be eager for other options. But those are the same groups of people that tried unsuccessfully to kill his candidacy in 2016.

Trump may decide that he doesn’t want to run again. Or his health may decline as he enters his late 70s. But let’s just assume he decides to run and that he’s in roughly the same mental and physical condition that he is now. How can any Republican hope to compete with him?

In defeat, Trump would be in a position unlike that of other one-term presidents. Typically, one-term presidents are written off as losers, and their parties run away from them. Think of Herbert Hoover, Jimmy Carter, or George H.W. Bush. After 1980, nobody ran for office claiming, “I’m a Jimmy Carter Democrat.” Bush I was never a coveted speaker in conservative circles after his loss.

The This Sounds Crazy But Hear Me Out Wild Card

Mike Lindell

Donald Trump wasnt the first celebrity businessman without any experience in elective office who got traction in a Republican presidential primary. In 2012, it was former Godfathers Pizza CEO Herman Cain. In 1996 and 2000, it was magazine publisher Steve Forbes. Back in 1940, utility executive Wendell Willkie snagged the GOP nomination.

Today, who is the most famous, politically active Republican businessman? MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell. That may sound crazy, but no crazier than what we experienced in 2016.

Lindell is a leader of the bitter-enders trying to overturn the democratic results of the presidential election. He claims to have spent $1 million on legal work and Stop the Steal rallies to support Trumps delusional cause. On December 19, he tweeted out a call for Trump to impose martial law in these 7 states and get the machines/ballots! though he soon deleted the post.

He became a conservative darling in part because he heavily marketed his pillows on Fox News; in the second quarter of 2020, MyPillow was Fox Newss top advertiser, spending more than double the amount of the second-place company. But now he accuses Fox News, and its early call that Biden won Arizona, of conspiring to defeat Trump

What to watch for in 2021:While Lindell has been thinking about a Minnesota gubernatorial bid, he has managed to visit neighboring Iowa several times in 2020. Lets see which state he campaigns in more in 2021.

Filed Under:

What Is A Voter

The , which took effect January 1, 2011, created voter-nominated offices. The Top Two Candidates Open Primary Act does not apply to candidates running for U.S. President, county central committees, or local offices.

Most of the offices that were previously known as partisan are now known as voter-nominated offices. Voter-nominated offices are state constitutional offices, state legislative offices, and U.S. congressional offices. The only partisan offices now are the offices of U.S. President and county central committee.

Former Secretary Of State Mike Pompeo

If the 2024 election turns into a foreign policy debate, the 57-year-old Pompeo is in a strong position with his background as former secretary of state and CIA director.

During Pompeos recent speech at the Westside Conservative Club in Urbandale, Iowa, he gave a preview of some of the lines that might end up in his presidential stump speech. He said hes spent more time with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un than any other American, including basketball star Dennis Rodman, and talked about the threat he sees from China. His mention of the U.S. moving its embassy in Israel to Jerusalem during his tenure was met with applause.

Before serving in Trumps Cabinet, Pompeo blasted then-candidate Trump as an authoritarian. Pompeo made the remarks the day of the Kansas caucus in 2016, quoting Trump saying that if he told a soldier to commit a war crime, they would go and do it. Pompeo said the U.S. had spent 7½ years with an authoritarian president who ignored the Constitution, referencing former President Barack Obama, and we dont need four more years of that.

Pompeo served three full terms representing Kansas in the U.S. House before joining the Trump administration. He and his wife, Susan, have one child. He graduated from the U.S. Military Academy and Harvard Law and served in the U.S. Army.

Academics Journalists Authors Commentators

Reuel Marc Gerecht, writer

Michael Gerson, columnist and speechwriter for George W. Bush

Peter Mansoor, military historian

Meghan McCain, commentator, daughter of Senator John McCain

Charles Murray, political scientist and commentator

Ana Navarro, strategist and commentator

Tom Nichols, national security affairs scholar

Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape; founder of Andreessen Horowitz

Mike Fernandez, founder of MBF Healthcare Partners

James Murren, Chairman and CEO of MGM Resorts International

William Oberndorf, Chairman of Oberndorf Enterprises

Whos Running For President In 2020

Republican Lawmakers Are Terrified Of Trump Running For President Again

Former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. is the presumptive Democratic nominee to challenge President Trump in the 2020 race.

The field of Democratic presidential candidates was historically large, but all others have dropped out. Mr. Trump had also picked up a few Republican challengers, but they have also ended their campaigns.

Running

Has run for president twice before.

Is known for his down-to-earth personality and his ability to connect with working-class voters.

His eight years as Barack Obamas vice president are a major selling point for many Democrats.

Signature issues: Restoring Americas standing on the global stage; adding a public option to the Affordable Care Act; strengthening economic protections for low-income workers in industries like manufacturing and fast food.

Main legislative accomplishment as president: a sweeping tax cut that chiefly benefited corporations and wealthy investors.

Has focused on undoing the policies of the Obama administration, including on health care, environmental regulation and immigration.

Was impeached by the House of Representatives for seeking to pressure Ukraine to smear his political rivals, but was acquitted by the Senate.

Signature issues: Restricting immigration and building a wall at the Mexican border; renegotiating or canceling international deals on trade, arms control and climate change; withdrawing American troops from overseas.

Ended her campaign in March 2020 and said she would back Mr. Biden.

Views About The Publics Influence On Government

Overall, most adults see voting as an avenue to influence the government: 61% say that voting gives people like me some say about how government runs things.

However, on a more general measure of political efficacy, the public is more divided: 52% say ordinary citizens can do a lot to influence government if they make an effort, while 47% say theres not much ordinary citizens can do to influence the government in Washington.

On both measures, younger and less-educated adults are more skeptical about the impact of participation.

The view that voting gives people some say increases with age; while just 53% of adults under 30 say this, that compares with nearly three-quarters of those 65 and older . This age gap is seen in both parties.

Similarly, those under 50 are less likely than their elders to say ordinary citizens can influence government if they make an effort .

Education is also associated with a sense of political efficacy: 77% of postgraduates say voting gives people some say, compared with two-thirds of those with a bachelors degree and 57% of those with less education.

Political engagement is highly correlated with attitudes about voting. Highly engaged adults are considerably more likely to see the value of participation and the potential of ordinary citizens to influence governmental policy.

Sen Tom Cotton Of Arkansas

Cotton, 43, has been preparing for a potential presidential run since before the 2020 election even happened, visiting the first-in-the-nation primary state New Hampshire last year to campaign for local Republicans. I expect Ill be back to New Hampshire again in the future, he told Insider last October. The betting site PredictIt currently ranks Cotton alongside Pompeo, Rubio and Hawley.

Cotton represented Arkansas in the U.S. House for two terms before becoming a senator in 2015. His first brush with national prominence came in 2006 when he was serving in Iraq as an Army lieutenant. Cotton sent a letter to the editor at The New York Times criticizing their story about the U.S. terrorist finance tracking program. Cotton called for the paper to be prosecuted for revealing the program, and though his letter wasnt published in the Times, it was picked up by the conservative blog Power Line, which Cotton copied on his petition to the Times.

Another Cotton opinion piece did later make it into the Times. His controversial 2020 op-ed, headlined Send In the Troops about using the military and an overwhelming show of force against protesters and rioters following the death of George Floyd, led to the resignation of Times editorial page editor James Bennet. Cotton referenced the op-ed in January after the attack on the Capitol, and said in a statement that those involved should face the full extent of federal law.

source https://www.patriotsnet.com/are-there-any-republicans-running-for-president-other-than-trump/

[mcnutcase]

For the record, historical precedents are that yes they'll redesign stamps, but they won't have to replace post boxes. There are a zillion of those with previous monarchs' royal cyphers on them; they only get replaced if they wear out, and considering they tend to be inch thick cast iron with successive layers of paint a good half inch thick on top of that, they don't wear out much. But new ones will have Charlie's initials on them. As for coins, this IS the first change of monarch since decimalisation (Britain didn't switch to sensible money until 1971, before that it was 12 pence to a shilling and 20 shillings in a pound), but in all the previous changeovers, older money has just stayed in circulation until it wore out. They do regularly update "paper" money (which I think is plastic nowadays) but that's more about updated anti-counterfeiting stuff.

fuckin peak himbo conversation the other day about the queen dying. like. absolutely peak. don't think we're topping this ever

__________________________

me: ...of course they'll have to re-mint all the currency and change the stamps and the post boxes and shit that'll be a nightmare.

rhys: what? why?

me: the… queen died?

rhys: yeah but what's that got to do with the money?

me: her… face… is on it? and now it needs to be the king's face?

rhys: is it?

me: yes?

rhys: all of it? ours has fish and stuff doesn't it?

me: well not scottish bank notes bc those are issued by retail banks not the bank of england, but all the coins do yes. and english notes

rhys: on both sides of the notes?

me: no just the front the back has other stuff

rhys: wait they're different? it's not the same thing both sides?

me: so are scottish ones its just different people on the front….

rhys: :o

me: what… wait... who did you think was on the coins

rhys: i thought it was just an old lady!

me: yes. the queen. she was not exactly in the prime of her youth

rhys: yes but the coins have always had an old lady!

me: they haven't always had 'an old lady', they get reminted every so often with an updated image. it's just that…. i dunno how to break this to you… the queen has been old since before you were born.

rhys: you're sure it's the queen?

me: ???? the coins HAVE HER NAME on them

rhys: i don't know! i don't read coins!

me: clearly. anyway it's the queen, and now it has to be the king. so they've to do the stamps as well because that is the queen

rhys: oh i knew stamps had the queen on them

me: it's the same image!

rhys: what

me: the head on the stamps and the head on the coins is! the same! image!

rhys: ……….is it

me: yes

rhys: wait what do they have to do with the post boxes though. they're just red what's wrong with red?

me: th… they say E II R on them? now they'll have to say C III R i guess

rhys: what's E 2 R

me: elizabeth… the second… regina

rhys: regina?

me: queen. it's where regal regent etc come from. king is "rex" so still R but different initials like. still gotta be changed innit

rhys: hang on - elizabeth second? there was a first?

me: i genuinely do not think you are from this planet

[whatdoesshedotothem]

Saturday 15 June 1839

8 ½

2

rain in the night – dull morning F53 ½° inside and 51 ½° outside now at 9 ¼ and breakfast in about ¾ hour – had Booth – some bills to pay for which received from A- £6 and gave it to B- and gave him copy of letter to write to Cooksons’ brother – I wrote and sent by him about after 12 note to ‘Messrs. Parker and Adam solicitors Halifax’ enclosing Nelsons’ estimate of the terrace-walling – had Thomas Pearson and his brother George about the upper Dovehouse (Pump) farm – made no bid – if I was determined to have £80 there was an end – very well, said I, and wished him good morning and came away – all very civil but I would rather not have George P- unless I cannot mend myself – B- proposed my letting the land and sufficient building at £60, and taking the £20 worth of cottages to myself – I see no great objection to this? think about it – I would rather have Empsall or Joshua Lee than George Pearson as I observed to DB.  looking over linen from the wash, etc. at luncheon with A- till after 2 had struck then wrote the above of today – changed my pelisse and off to the bank (down the o.b.) at 4 for had stood talking to Robert Mann and then John Booth and then D. Booth in the Lodge road and at the Lodge above an hour – A- rode off to Cliff hill about 2 ½ and returned about 5 ½ - settle that DB. is to be paid 2 guineas per week from 1 January to 1 July and then to begin with after the rate of per annum £20 from A- and the same from me for looking after the estimate and £20 for the colliery = £60 per annum – values his time at 2 guineas per week or 7/. per day – will bring his son Joseph forward – he himself cannot take trowel in hand again – down the o.b. to the bank – gave Bank of England Huddersfield post bill no. 4435 for H- [watt] manager D. Marsden  in exchange for £45 in B. of E- fives, and five pounds in silver and £50 in their own   notes – this transaction taken no notice of by the bank – finding that if I drew a bill today payable  a month after date £463 to Mr. Gray the stamp would cost 5/. Mr. McK- proposed my drawing at 21 days – but said I the interest lost would then be more than the stamp – no! Be so good as look said I - the interest would be 6/. – well! then said I, I will let the matter alone, and write and tell Mr. Gray to draw on you on the 15th for the money – and I will add to the letter I gave you the other day that on the 15th July next you pay £463 and afterwards as directed above – i.e. 15th each succeeding January and July – McK- very civil – returned up the o.b. having merely reminded McK- that nobody had any right to draw out, but they might put in what they pleased – home about 5 – stood talking to Robert Mann – he paid me for 12 loads coal carting to his own house Charlestown and to a neighbours’ in the new bank at two pence = 4/. but other people having 3d. per load I am in future to have the same – came in with DB. – paid him sundry small bills and larger bill for A- = £32.8.10 which I took out of the hundred pounds post bill – then with A- till dinner at 7 ¼ having 1st gone into the cellar for 1 A-‘s old port and 1 Malmsey Madeira – after dinner pothered about the loss of Tiny who had not returned with me from H-x – we had given her up for lost when she came back about (before) 9 – wrote all but the 1st 13 lines of today till now 9 ½ A- sleeping on the bed by me in the blue room – then went downstairs and made coffee and had 2 cups, and slumbered on the sofa – came upstairs again (A- still asleep) about 10 ¼ - then busy looking over one thing or other till one struck A- still asleep tho’ she had got up for a minute or 2 about 11 – F54 ½° inside and 48 ½° outside now at one am one tonight – fine day -

[corkcitylibraries]

A trip around Cork in 1920

by Ann Riordan, Cork City Libraries

Guy’s Almanacs and Directories were like the telephone directories of their time. They contain street and trade listings, details of government services – members of parliament, councils, rural districts and unions, urban district councils, town commissioners, registrars, constabulary, consuls. You can find lists of clergy, parishes and churches, details of court sittings, rates and licenses. You can find out the fairs and markets around the country organised both by location and by month.

Guy’s Cork City & County Almanac and Directory 1920 holds even more importance, as it gives an important insight into Cork city before it was burned on the night of 11 – 12 December 1920. Our precious copy is in poor repair, but we are delighted to make it available via PDF from our website.

The street directory section tells you who lived where, businesses or private citizens, for each city street and the county towns. Even Sherkin Island is listed, complete with post mistress Miss A Young, and lighthouse keeper Florence Nolan, boat owners, shopkeepers and landowners. (pdf page 435 / book page 423)

Who lived in Cork in 1920?

In between the Barrys and Buckleys, Coughlans and McCarthys you will find more unusual surnames. Do you know a Barnfather, a Batmazion, a Cowperthwaite? What about  Cuppage, Danckert, De Foubert, Flewet, Henerberry, Hitchmough, Kneeshaw, Lefluffy, Mockler, Pollexfen, Rohu, Sanigear, Scantlebury, Sieffe, Simmelklar, Sparshatt, Zinkent! A wonderful list of exotic names conjuring up an image of 1920s Cork as being cosmopolitan and welcoming.

Familiar Business Names

There are familiar names too among the businesses - Leader clothes, Central Boot Store, Thomsons Confectionery, Hilser Jewellers, T.W. Murray Sporting Goods, McKechnies Dyers and Cleaners, Moore’s Hotel, the (Royal ) Victoria Hotel, A Mayne of 7 Pembroke Street where you can get your Horse Remedies, the (Royal) Oyster Tavern, and the inimitable Henchy Wine and Spirit Merchant of St Lukes Cross.

Work and Trade

The business listings include the usual trades and professions – barristers, solicitors, physicians and surgeons, insurance, architects, banks. However, you can also find listings for Aviaries, Cooperages, Coppersmiths, Corsetieres, Drawing Masters, Electrolysis ,Guano Merchants, Hide and Skin Merchants, India Rubber Stamp maker, Lanternists and Cinematograph operators, Millwrights, Organ builders, and Taxidermists!

Cork was a hub of manufacturing too - Biscuits, Blankets, Boots, Boxes (cardboard and wood), Caps, Coffee Essence, Curled hair manufacturers, Gloves, Hosierys, Rope and Twine Manufacturers, Snuff, Soap, Spades and Shovels, Tobacco Manufacturers, Whip makers all listed. There were even four umbrella makers in the city at the time.

There were 22 mineral water factories across Cork City and County. There were 17 booksellers, 33 brewers and bottlers, 26 butter exporters, and 12 carriage builders. If you found yourself in need of feathers you could pick from 6 feather merchants operating in the city.

When it came to clothing, a gentleman could choose from 34 gentleman’s outfitters, or one ready-made clothing manufacturer!  Ladies could choose from 41 ladies outfitters. There were 12 furriers, 17 hatters, and 51 tailors and costumers.

Post Offices

Post Offices were integral to society. Guy’s lists all the post offices in Ireland. The list is extensive, it takes up 15 pages of the directory, 3 columns per page. However it is essential information if you wanted to send a telegraph or money order.

How much did it cost to send a letter in 1920? Guy’s tells us that:

An inland letter, not exceeding 4 ounces in weight cost 1 ½ d ( d = pence or penny), with the additional information that “No letter may exceed two feet in length, one foot in width or one foot in depth.”

Letters to British Possession, United States and Egypt cost 1 ½ d for first ounce and 1 d per ounce thereafter.

Transport

How did people get around in Cork in 1920?

There was a network of trams with six main routes serving Blackrock , Blackpool, Douglas, Tivoli, Summerhill and Sunday's Well. The earliest tram was 7.45 am, the last at 11.00 pm. Fares ranged between 1 ½ d to 3 d, return 5 d.

You could also get a hackney, and the fares for typical routes are laid out in Guy’s page “Hackney car fares” – pdf page 46 or book page 24. From Sunday's Well (Gaol Road Stand) to the Lunatic Asylum – for two persons it cost 1/6 (one shilling and sixpence), for more than two 1/9.

If you wanted to travel further afield you would travel by railway or steamship. The Great Southern and Western Railway was the main line between Dublin and Queenstown, and from there up to Cork on the Cork and Youghal and Queenstown Line (out of Lower Glanmire Road). Other railway routes of the city were:

Cork, Bandon and South Coast Railway (out of Albert Quay) Cork, Blackrock and Passage Railway (out of Albert Street) Cork and Macroom Direct Railway (out of Capwell Road) Cork and Muskerry Railway (out of Western Road) Schull and Skibbereen Tramway serving Skibbereen, Ballydehob and Schull.

The City of Cork Steam Packet Co Ltd, offices on Penrose Quay, despatched vessels frequently to and from Fishguard, Liverpool, Manchester, London, Southampton and Bristol.

From Fishguard, one could connect with the Great Western Railway of England. Guy’s tells us that “Passengers, parcels, goods and livestock catered for”.

The Cork Steamship Co Ltd also offered direct service between Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Cork.

If you were lucky enough to have a car, the motor duties for motor cars, motor bicycles or tricycles, not exceeding 6 ½ horsepower cost 2 pounds and 2 shillings per year.

Education

When it came to education, many of the educational bodies are still in operation today. And like the grinds and private tutors of today, private instruction was offered in many areas:  Language, Drawing and Painting,  Music, Dancing and Calisthenetics, Shorthand and Typewriting, as well as Private Day Schools.

The two third-level institutions are there - University College Cork,  and the Crawford Municipal Technical Institute including School of Science and Technology, School of Art, School of Commerce and School of Music.

There were Ecclesiastical colleges at Farranferris, Fermoy and Rochestown. Guy’s has extensive lists of Missionary schools, Christian Brothers, Presentation Brothers, Girls Schools and Convent Schools, Intermediate and Preparatory Schools, national schools and industrial schools.

Religion

As well as listing Catholic and Church of Ireland clergy, churches and parishes,  Guy’s also notes the Presbyterian church, United Presbytery, Congregational Church, Baptist Chapel, Society of Friends, Methodist Church, Salvation Army and Hebrew Congregation, all operational in Cork at the time.

Leisure

What did people do for fun in 1920? Sports were always popular, and Guy’s lists Sports clubs, such as cricket, tennis, boating and coursing.

The listing for “Places of Entertainment, Public Halls etc” contains Cork Opera House – “for Operatic and Dramatic entertainments etc”; the Palace Theatre, King Street – “for high class variety entertainments at popular prices”. There was also the Assembly Rooms, 22 South Mall, with “Picturedrome twice nightly and matinees”. Cork also had the Coliseum, the Imperial Cinema,  the Washington Cinema, the Pavilion Cinema and Café, the Picture Palace on Grand Parade, and a picturedrome at St Mary’s Hall Cathedral Parish. The Clarence Hall at the Imperial Hotel offered “balls, dramatic performances, select entertainments.”

There were 33 Restaurants, Tea, Luncheon and Dining Rooms, including Savoy and Woolworths. There were 16 licensed hotels, 43 wine and spirit merchants, and vintners in every city street and county town.You could also avail of Turkish Baths at 30 South Mall, or Lord Edward Fitzgerald’s Municipal Baths at Eglinton Street.

Music lovers could purchase a gramophone or have their piano tuned at one of 14 Music Warehouses.

The three daily newspapers were the Cork Constitution, the Cork Examiner and the Evening Echo. There were four weekly newspapers – Cork Weekly Examiner, Cork Weekly News & Cork County People, the Southern Star, and The Eagle.

Poor

For the less fortunate, there are 47 groups and organisations listed under “Hospitals and Benevolent Associations”, from Almshouse at Skiddys to Workmen’s Hostel Salvation Army. There were orphanages at Greenmount and St Mary’s of the Isle. There were 19 pawnbrokers.

I hope you enjoyed this trip around Cork in 1920. Guy’s Cork City & County Almanac and Directory 1920 is available at https://www.corkcitylibraries.ie/en/what-s-on/cork-1920/guys_cork_almanac_1920.pdf 

[xtruss]

Associated Press Fact Check:

‘Theocratic United States Taliban Mike Pence’ Misleadingly Links Iran General to 911

By Hope Yen, Jon Gambrell and Calvin Woodward

January 6, 2020

WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump closed out the old year by reprising a selection of his most familiar falsehoods and putting a few of his predecessor’s accomplishments in his own win column.

His vice president, seeking to justify the U.S. military’s targeted killing of a top Iranian general, helped begin the new year with a baseless claim tying that general to the 9/11 attacks.

A look at some of the Trump administration’s rhetoric on the tumultuous events in Iraq, impeachment, the economy and more:

IRAN

VICE PRESIDENT MIKE PENCE, listing some of the “worst atrocities” of Iranian Gen. Qassem Soleimani: Trump “took decisive action and stood up against the leading state sponsor of terror to take out an evil man who was responsible for killing thousands of Americans. ... (Soleimani) assisted in the clandestine travel to Afghanistan of 10 of the 12 terrorists who carried out the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States.” -- tweets Friday.

THE FACTS: Pence misleadingly ties Soleimani to the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on New York City’s World Trade Center. There is no evidence that Iran directly supported the 9/11 hijackers, many of them Saudi members of the al-Qaida terrorist group, nor are there any known reports that Soleimani was involved in assisting with their travel to Afghanistan.

First of all, there were 19 hijackers on 9/11, not 12. Pence spokeswoman Katie Waldman later clarified in a tweet that Pence was referring to those hijackers who traveled to Afghanistan through Iran before the attacks.

It’s true that Iran allowed al-Qaida operatives to pass through its borders from Saudi Arabia to Afghanistan without receiving stamps in their passports or with visas obtained at its consulate in Karachi, Pakistan, according to a 19-page, unsigned report found among Osama bin Laden’s personnel effects in the Abbottabad, Pakistan, raid. Fifteen of the hijackers were from Saudi Arabia, two from the United Arab Emirates, one from Egypt, and one from Lebanon.

That is consistent with the 9/11 Commission’s report, which found that some of the Sept. 11 hijackers -- possibly eight -- passed through Iran.

However, nowhere does the commission’s report mention Soleimani, let alone indicate he was behind the lax travel practices that allowed al-Qaida operatives through. The commission, in particular, “found no evidence that Iran or Hezbollah was aware of the planning for what later became the 9/11 attack” or that even the future hijackers themselves knew about their operation when traveling through Iran.

That makes it a stretch to imply Soleimani knew about plans for the 9/11 attacks and then worked to facilitate them.

After the attacks, al-Qaida members including Osama bin Laden’s son Hamza fled into Iran, but they were ultimately rounded up by the Iranian government and imprisoned.

___

ECONOMY

TRUMP: “We had the best economic year, I think, in our country’s history.” — remarks to reporters Tuesday.

WHITE HOUSE: “President Trump’s pro-growth policies have led to an economic boom that is lifting up Americans of all backgrounds.” — news release Tuesday promoting his first three years in office.

THE FACTS: These are exaggerated boasts. The economy is not the best ever. It has also failed to grow to the extent Trump promised.

While the United States has enjoyed more than a decade of expansion that has created positive momentum during the Trump era, growth has not eclipsed the 3% repeatedly promised by the president and members of his administration. The national economy is healthy, but it has not been as robust as what Trump said he would produce.

In the late 1990s, growth topped 4% for four straight years, a level it has not reached on an annual basis under Trump. Growth reached 7.2% in 1984. The economy grew 2.9% in 2018 — the same pace it reached in 2015 under President Barack Obama — and hasn’t hit historically high growth rates.

Trump criticized Obama during the 2016 campaign for failing to deliver growth above 3%, only to fall short himself, despite White House estimates that the 2017 tax cuts would achieve lasting growth at roughly that level.

“I think we could go to 4, 5, and maybe even 6%, ultimately,” Trump said at the end of 2017. “We are back. We are really going to start to rock.”

Annual growth instead averaged about 2.4% for the first nine months of last year. That’s down from 2.9% in 2018. Many of the figures cited by the White House reflect the continuation of a recovery that began before Trump became president, instead of Trump administration policies.

___

VETERANS

TRUMP: “One of my greatest honors was to have gotten CHOICE approved for our great Veterans. Others have tried for decades, and failed!” — tweet Tuesday.

THE FACTS: This was one of Trump’s most frequent fabrications of 2019.

It was Obama who won passage of the Veterans Choice program, which gives veterans the option to see private doctors outside the Department of Veterans Affairs’ medical system at government expense. Congress approved the program in 2014, and Obama signed it into law. Trump expanded it.

___

WHITE HOUSE: “President Trump signed the Veterans Affairs Accountability and Whistleblower Protection Act to ensure VA employees are held responsible for poor performance.” — news release Tuesday promoting his first three years in office.

THE FACTS: That’s not a complete portrait of his record. The new law has failed in its core mission of protecting whistleblowers who reported potential harm to veterans, according to a government watchdog.

A report released in October by the VA inspector general found that the accountability office established under the 2017 law did not consistently conduct sound and unbiased investigations and may not have protected identities of whistleblowers reporting wrongdoing.

It said the office had “significant deficiencies,” such as poor leadership, shoddy training of investigators and a failure to push out underperforming senior leaders.

Just one senior manager out of the 8,000 employees fired by VA had been removed by an office created to help keep senior-level managers accountable, according to the findings by the inspector general, Michael Missal.

The VA acknowledged many of the findings and said it was working to make changes.

___

IMPEACHMENT

TRUMP: “... An investigation that was illegally started ... The Witch Hunt is sputtering badly, but still going on (Ukraine Hoax!). If this ... had happened to a Presidential candidate, or President, who was a Democrat, everybody involved would long ago be in jail for treason (and more), and it would be considered the CRIME OF THE CENTURY.” — tweets Thursday.

THE FACTS: Trump, as is typical, is loose in accusing his political rivals of treason and in placing his predicament in the league of mass murders, terrorism and other grotesque events meriting consideration as crimes of a century. Aside from that hyperventilation, though, what to make of his claim that he was investigated illegally?

The Justice Department inspector general’s report that Trump and his allies cite in his defense found “serious performance failures” up the chain of command in the conduct of the bureau’s investigation into ties between Russia and the Trump campaign. It harshly criticized the FBI for how it went about eavesdropping on a former campaign aide and cited a host of other problems, The bureau says it is taking dozens of steps to fix some of its most fundamental operations as a result.

Yet the report found the FBI was justified in opening its investigation and it did not find evidence that the bureau had acted with political bias, a conclusion at odds with Trump’s insistence that he’s the victim of a witch hunt.

Similarly, there is no illegal takeover afoot in the impeachment matter. Democrats are following a process laid out in the Constitution, which gives the House the sole power to impeach a president, which it did. The Senate conducts the impeachment trial.

___

TRUMP, on the House’s vote last month to impeach him: “What the Democrats did in the House was a disgrace. What they did — how unfair it was. We didn’t get lawyers. We didn’t have witnesses.” — remarks Tuesday to reporters.

THE FACTS: This is a distortion. In the House proceedings, Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee that drafted the articles of impeachment invited Trump and his lawyers to take part and ask for witnesses. The witnesses who did come forward were questioned by Republicans on the committee as well as by Democrats.

Earlier hearings by the House Intelligence Committee did not invite Trump or his team. Those hearings were like the investigative phase of criminal cases, conducted without the participation of the person under investigation. But lawmakers from both parties questioned the witnesses; several were invited at the request of Republicans on the committee. Trump complained about being shut out of that but when the subsequent Judiciary Committee hearings were opened to his team and him, he declined.

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., has been holding up sending the articles of impeachment to the Republican-controlled Senate, which would hold a trial where Trump almost certainly will be acquitted. She says she wants more clarity about what a trial will look like.

___

HEALTH CARE

TRUMP, retweeting a “Team Trump” claim that his health care policy is working in part because “pre-existing conditions covered.” — tweet Tuesday.

THE FACTS: Not really. People with preexisting medical problems have health insurance protections because of Obama’s health care law, which Trump is trying to dismantle.

One of Trump’s major alternatives to Obama’s law — short-term health insurance — doesn’t have to cover preexisting conditions. Meanwhile, his administration has been pressing in court for full repeal of the Obama-era law, including provisions that protect people with preexisting conditions from health insurance discrimination. Republicans say they’d put new protections in place, but they haven’t spelled them out.

With “Obamacare” still in place, preexisting conditions continue to be covered by regular individual health insurance plans.

Insurers must take all applicants, regardless of medical history, and charge the same standard premiums to healthy people and those who had medical problems before or when they signed up.

Before the Affordable Care Act, any insurer could deny coverage — or charge more — to anyone with a preexisting condition who was seeking to buy an individual policy.

___

Gambrell reported from Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Associated Press writers Josh Boak, Ricardo Alonso-Zaldivar and Eric Tucker in Washington contributed to this report.

[naghmehfathalipouri]

The holey dollar acquired by the National Museum. Deon Rohmursanto

https://www.nma.gov.au/explore/collection/highlights/holey-dollar

Rare coin for the national collection

A rare 1813 New South Wales holey dollar — the first currency minted in Australia — has been acquired by the National Museum of Australia.

The holey dollar was created to address a shortage of coins in the new colony. Governor Lachlan Macquarie imported 40,000 Spanish reales in 1812 and had convicted forger William Henshall cut the centre out of each, to double the number of available coins. The coins were counterstamped and the outer ring became known as the holey dollar, with the centre renamed the dump.

Macquarie set the value of the holey dollar at five shillings, with 15 pence for the dump. These coins went into circulation in 1814 and were replaced with sterling coinage from 1822. The National Museum’s holey dollar is one of about 300 in existence.

‘Holey dollars speak eloquently of the creative and improvisatory attempts to create an orderly administration in colonial Australia,’ said National Museum Director Andrew Sayers. ‘The holey dollar we have acquired for the National Museum is a finely preserved example of this iconic object from the era of Macquarie’.

Governor Macquarie and Australia’s first minted currency

Foreign coins were common in the early years of the New South Wales colony. British coins circulated with Dutch guilders and ducats, Indian mohurs and rupees and Portuguese johannas. Much of this coin left the colony as a result of trade with visiting merchant ships.

In 1800 Governor Philip Gidley King issued a proclamation giving fixed values to the most common coins in circulation in New South Wales. This helped to ensure a ready supply of coinage for local trading and stabilised the value of each coin used in the colony. King fixed the Spanish dollar at a value of five shillings but many still left the colony as payment for goods arriving on ships from the Americas, Asia and the Cape of Good Hope.

Governor Lachlan Macquarie set out to secure a reliable supply of coins for the colony. A special shipment of 40,000 coins arrived in the colony from Madras aboard the Samarangon 26 November 1812. These coins were Spanish silver eight reale coins, known as ‘pieces of eight’, and they were commonly used as an international trading currency. It is likely Macquarie was aware of an earlier system used in another British colony, the West Indies, where captured Spanish dollars were cut and counterstamped so they could not be re-exported. By having the centres stamped out of these coins, Macquarie distinguished them as belonging to the colony of New South Wales and prevented them from going straight out again. In doing so, he created the first currency minted in Australia.

William Henshall and the holey dollar

Convicted forger William Henshall was chosen to cut and counterstamp these coins. Henshall worked as a metal plater and cutler in England. On an 1811 New South Wales muster list he was listed simply as a ‘convict’, without reference to his trade. It is believed Macquarie probably learnt about Henshall’s metal-working skills by reputation.

In researching the history of Henshall and the holey dollars, numismatic experts Peter Lane and Peter Fleig found that Henshall arrived in the colony of New South Wales after being sentenced in 1805 to seven years transportation for his involvement in counterfeiting. He provided authorities with information about other forgers and ways of combatting the crime in exchange for an assurance his wife and family would accompany him to New South Wales. Henshall arrived in the colony and was granted an absolute pardon on 12 September 1812, six months before his sentence was due to end.

Macquarie provided Henshall with a workshop in the basement of a building known as ‘The Factory’ to make the holey dollars and dumps. This building, used by government printer George Howe, was near the corner of Bridge and Loftus streets, by the eastern bank of the Tank Stream. It was effectively Australia’s first mint, with Henshall Australia’s first mint master.

Macquarie initially anticipated that the task of converting the 40,000 Spanish coins would take three months, but the project took over a year to complete. Henshall had to experiment with making the necessary machinery, which proved difficult. It seems that a drop hammer, as opposed to a screw press, was used to stamp the coins. Henshall stamped the coins with their new value and ‘NEW SOUTH WALES 1813’. He incorporated his ‘H’ initial into the spray of leaves of the counterstamp design and also inscribed his initial between the words ‘FIFTEEN’ and ‘PENCE’ on the dump reverse dies.

The first batch of new coins was delivered to Deputy Commissioner-General David Allen on 25 February 1814. The final batch was delivered in August of the same year.

Henshall left the colony for England in 1817. It is not known what became of him.

[toldnews-blog]

New Post has been published on https://toldnews.com/politics/the-note-label-game-turns-democrats-against-each-other-early/

The Note: Label game turns Democrats against each other early

The TAKE with Rick Klein

Interested in The Note?

Add The Note as an interest to stay up to date on the latest The Note news, video, and analysis from ABC News.

The label game is starting to turn Democrats against each other — and in directions that President Donald Trump may like quite a bit.

Presidential candidates are fumbling questions about socialism and capitalism, while the party debates what constitutes anti-Semitism and racist behavior. Proposals such as the Green New Deal and Medicare for all are pressuring 2020ers to choose sides.

Sergio Flores/Reuters

Senator Elizabeth Warren speaks about her policy ideas with Anand Giridharadas at the South by Southwest (SXSW) conference and festivals in Austin, Texas, March 9, 2019.

The dynamics are allowing some candidates to drive policy debates. The proposal by Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., to break up big tech companies is forcing hard choices on her rivals.

More broadly, as early sparring at South by Southwest in Austin, Texas, over the weekend demonstrates, unresolved policy and personality disputes are threatening to take over the race as the 2020 field begins to take final shape.

The Democrats are looking to defeat a president who has proven to be good at assigning labels. So far, as a group, the 2020 candidates are proving to be bad at avoiding them.

The RUNDOWN with MaryAlice Parks

Monday morning, the Office of Management and Budget will formally present the first volume of the president’s budget for fiscal year 2020 to the House budget committee.

The moment is a photo opportunity, as much as anything else. The president’s budget rarely is seriously considered, even when the same party controls both Congress and the White House.

Philippe Gerber/Getty Images

The White House, Feb. 8, 2016.

Still, the document will represent a clear statement of priorities. According to a senior administration official, the president will, among other things, propose $8.6 billion in border wall funding. That’s quite a bit more than the $5.7 billion previously requested and denied.

Look out for headlines about suggested military spending and defense numbers, as well as likely proposed cuts to social programs. Remember, Trump’s first budget proposed cutting the Environmental Protection Agency by 30 percent and making major cuts to food stamp programs.

Also, watch out for any plans — or not — to balance the budget. The federal deficit increased by more than $100 billion last fiscal year, according to the Congressional Budget Office.

The TIP with John Verhovek

Throughout the first two years of his presidency, Trump has consistently railed against and bemoaned the filibuster. But now a 2020 Democratic contender for president is hoping to strike the procedural hurdle that some say is a relic that halts important pieces of legislation.

Charlie Neibergall/AP

2020 Democratic presidential candidate Washington Gov. Jay Inslee waits to speak at a round table discussion about climate change, March 5, 2019, at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa.

“I call on every candidate to join me in ending the filibuster so we can deal with climate change,” Washington Gov. Jay Inslee said this past weekend at South by Southwest. “We’re not going to get anywhere as long as Mitch McConnell has the keys to the car.”

But despite Inslee’s calls to end the filibuster, his Democratic opponents who hold seats in the Senate have a very different view, sparking a debate likely to intensify throughout a primary where progressive Democrats are fired up about the prospect of passing transformational policies like Medicare for all.

THE PLAYLIST

ABC News’ “Start Here” Podcast. Today’s episode features ABC News White House Correspondent Tara Palmeri on the new budget fight. Plus, after the second deadly crash of Boeing’s top-selling jet in less than six months, we try to find some answers with ABC News Senior Transportation Correspondent David Kerley. http://apple.co/2HPocUL

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW TODAY

President Trump is scheduled to eat lunch with Vice President Pence at 12:15 p.m. and receive an intelligence briefing at 1:30 p.m.

Presidential candidate and Washington Gov. Jay Inslee continues his “Climate Mission Tour” in Agoura Hills, California, to meet with residents of the Seminole Springs mobile home park and witness the impact of the 2018 Woolsey Fire on Monday at 9 a.m. PDT.

Former Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz and author of “From The Ground Up: A Journey To Reimagine The Promise Of America” continues his book tour at The Carter Center in Atlanta at 7 p.m.

Download the ABC News app and select “The Note” as an item of interest to receive the day’s sharpest political analysis.

The Note is a daily ABC News feature that highlights the key political moments of the day ahead. Please check back tomorrow for the latest.