#1060 High Carbon Steel

[kultofathena]

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“Vikings” is the modern name given to seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe. Our Petersen Type L fighting axe, which we have called the Vikingr, is one that any Viking warrior of the time would have been proud to carry and is based on the dimensions and weights of historical examples. The head weighs approximately 1lb, and when mounted on a haft of the right length – it becomes a very quick and balanced weapon that is an absolute joy to wield.

Available to order now.

[battlingbladesofficial]

Battling Blades Shares Tips for Choosing the Best Sword Steel

When it comes to choosing a sword, one of the most important factors to consider is the type of steel used in its construction. The quality and composition of the steel can significantly affect the sword's durability, sharpness, and overall performance. At Battling Blades, we understand the art and science of sword-making, and we’re here to share some valuable tips on selecting the best sword steel to suit your needs. Whether you’re a collector, a martial artist, or simply a sword enthusiast, this guide will help you make an informed decision.

1. Understanding Sword Steel: The Basics

Sword steel is essentially an alloy made of iron and carbon, with additional elements like manganese, chromium, and vanadium added to enhance its properties. The amount of carbon in the steel plays a crucial role in determining its hardness and toughness. Higher carbon content makes the steel harder and better able to hold an edge, while lower carbon content results in softer steel, which is more malleable but less capable of maintaining sharpness.

When selecting sword steel, it’s important to find a balance between hardness and flexibility. A sword that is too hard may become brittle and prone to cracking, while one that is too flexible may not hold an edge well. Below, we break down the common types of sword steel and offer tips on choosing the right one for your needs.

2. Popular Types of Sword Steel

The variety of steels available for sword-making can be overwhelming, but here are some of the most popular types that sword enthusiasts typically prefer:

A. High Carbon Steel

High carbon steel is often favored for its superior hardness and ability to maintain a sharp edge. Steels such as 1045, 1060, and 1095 carbon steel are commonly used in swords, with each number representing the steel’s carbon content:

1045 Carbon Steel: This steel contains 0.45% carbon, making it relatively soft compared to other high carbon steels. It is often used for entry-level swords because it is affordable and easier to forge. While it may not hold an edge as well as higher carbon steels, it is more resistant to breaking.

1060 Carbon Steel: With 0.60% carbon, 1060 steel offers a good balance of hardness and flexibility. It is durable and able to hold a sharp edge while also being flexible enough to absorb impact. This steel is suitable for functional swords used in martial arts and combat training.

1095 Carbon Steel: As the highest carbon content among the three, 1095 steel (0.95% carbon) is harder and more capable of holding a very sharp edge. However, its increased hardness also makes it more brittle, meaning it can be prone to chipping or cracking if struck too hard.

B. Stainless Steel

Stainless steel contains chromium, which helps prevent rust and corrosion. While this type of steel is great for decorative swords or display purposes, it is generally not recommended for functional use. Stainless steel is more brittle than high carbon steel, making it less suitable for combat or martial arts training.

C. Damascus Steel

Known for its beautiful, wavy patterns, Damascus steel is a popular choice among sword collectors. It is made by layering different types of steel and forging them together. The result is a sword that is not only visually stunning but also strong and durable. However, the quality of Damascus steel can vary, so it’s essential to ensure that you’re purchasing from a reputable source like Battling Blades.

D. Spring Steel (5160, 9260)

Spring steel, such as 5160 and 9260, is highly favored for its toughness and flexibility. These steels are known for their excellent shock absorption, making them ideal for swords used in heavy-duty applications. They are less likely to break under pressure, which is a crucial trait for swords designed for cutting and combat.

3. Factors to Consider When Choosing Sword Steel

Selecting the best sword steel involves understanding your purpose and preference. Here are some key factors to consider:

A. Purpose of the Sword

Are you buying the sword for display, martial arts practice, or combat? If you need a functional sword for cutting practice or combat, high carbon steel (1060 or 1095) or spring steel may be ideal. For decorative purposes, stainless steel or Damascus steel can be a good choice due to their aesthetic appeal.

B. Maintenance Requirements

High carbon steels require regular maintenance to prevent rusting. If you prefer a sword that needs less care, stainless steel or spring steel may be more suitable. Damascus steel, while rust-resistant, still benefits from occasional oiling to maintain its appearance.

C. Budget

Your budget can also influence your choice. While high carbon steels are generally more affordable, premium options like authentic Damascus or specialty spring steels may cost more. Decide what balance of quality and price works best for you.

4. Expert Tips from Battling Blades

At Battling Blades, we recommend the following tips for selecting the right sword steel:

Match the steel type to your experience level. Beginners may find 1045 carbon steel swords easier to maintain, while more experienced practitioners can appreciate the edge retention of 1095 carbon steel.

Consider hybrid designs. Some swords are crafted using a combination of different steels, offering a blend of hardness, flexibility, and aesthetic appeal. For example, a high carbon blade with a Damascus coating can provide both functionality and visual interest.

Do not compromise on quality. If you’re investing in a sword, make sure to buy from reputable makers who guarantee the authenticity and craftsmanship of the steel used.

5. Final Thoughts

Choosing the best sword steel involves understanding the properties of different steel types and aligning them with your needs and preferences. Whether you prioritize edge retention, flexibility, or visual appeal, there is a steel type that fits the bill. With these tips from Battling Blades, you can confidently select a sword that not only looks great but also performs exceptionally well.

Remember, the right sword is more than just a tool—it's a piece of history and a work of art. Make your choice wisely, and enjoy the journey of discovering the perfect blade!

[yxtechco]

Laser Cutting

Laser Cutting

Laser cutting has obvious advantage such as high precision, high speed and low cost compared with other traditional cutting method. Shanghai Yixing Technology provides professional laser cutting service for all industries. Thickest material can be 20mm for carbon steel and 14mm for stainless steel.

What is Laser Cutting?

Laser cutting is an efficient and economical cutting process. It is the use of a high density laser beam to irradiate a workpiece, causing the irradiated material to vaporize and melt, while using high-speed airflow to blow away the material, in order to cut the workpiece out. It leaves edges with high-quality surface finish. Industrial laser cutting machines are generally used to cut flat materials as well as structural and pipeline materials. Laser cutting is a mainstream technology known for its accuracy, efficiency, and versatility.

Laser Cutting Material

Laser cutting machine can cut metals, plastic, wood, leather and even cardboard. Below is the summary of the metal material we can cut. The material and its thickness choice is highly dependent on the machine parameters.

Material

Grade

Aluminium

2024, 5052, 5754, 6061, 6063, 1060 et

Carbon Steel

SPCC, HRS, SAPH440 etc

Stainless Steel

201, 301, 304, 316 etc

Cold or Hot Dip Galvanized Steel

DC01+Z100, S220GD+Z100, DX51D+Z100, DC01+Z275, S220GD+Z275, DX51D+Z275 etc

ZINCALUME Steel

DC01+AZ150

Advantages of Laser Cutting in Shanghai Yixing Technology

In Shanghai Yixing Technology, we will use the most suitable laser cutting equipment like 3D laser cutting machine 1500W and flat laser cutting machine 2000W according to the material and design shape and also other external suppliers resource to fully meet customers' demands.

We provide accurate and fast laser cutting services for all industries like automobile, agriculture, solar industry etc. There are hundreds of materials we can laser cut and we do not set minimum order QTY so as to relieve customers’ financial pressures. We are friendly to new start project with small quantities.

We have professionally trained engineer who can fully control the beam intensity, thermal output, and duration during the laser cutting process. Therefore, our laser cutting process is highly reliable and helps to significantly avoid errors and reduce material waste.

FAQ of Laser Cutting

What is the thickest flat sheet you can laser cut?

We offer different thickness specifications for different laser cutting materials. The laser cutting equipment parameters will decide what thickness we can cut.

For aluminum, the thickest flat sheet we can laser cut is around 10mm.

For stainless steel, the thickest flat sheet we can laser cut is around 14mm.

For carbon steel, the thickest flat sheet we can laser cut is around 20mm.

How long does it take to laser cut materials?

Laser cutting is one of the most efficient cutting method that can cut steel materials very fast. This ensures that various cutting projects will be completed very quickly while at the same time save material costs. With precise laser cutting machines in Shanghai Yixing Technology, we can provide faster lead times and reasonable pricing for customers.

For aluminum, our cutting speed is around 0.3~0.45m/min.

For stainless steel, our cutting speed is around 0.4~0.5m/min.

For carbon steel, our cutting speed is around 0.3~0.5m/min.

How accurate is your laser cutting service?

Our laser cutting service can cut material with a precision of +/- 0.002 inches and a positional accuracy of +/- 0.004 inches. This high precision makes laser cutting an ideal choice for industries that require complex and detailed cutting. For example, precision parts of serrated teeth used in the manufacturing and even production of medical devices.

The accuracy of laser cutting machines is mainly affected by the following factors:

1. Laser beam quality

The better the quality of the laser beam, the smaller the focused spot, and the higher the cutting quality and accuracy.

2. Optical system

High precision and high-quality optical systems can significantly improve the accuracy of laser cutting machines. During the operation of the laser cutting machine, the optical system guides the laser beam very close to the workpiece, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the laser beam, thereby achieving high-precision processing.

3. Machine accuracy

Machine accuracy is also one of the key factors affecting the accuracy of laser cutting machines. The laser cutting machine needs to have a high-precision positioning system, including the workbench, guide rail, servo motor, sensor, and other parts that must ensure accuracy in order to ensure the processing accuracy of the laser cutting machine.

4. Cutting parameters

Different materials and thicknesses require different cutting parameters, such as laser power, spot diameter, gas flow rate, cutting speed, etc. Adjusting these parameters can effectively affect the accuracy of cutting.

[jennydcruz27]

5 Ways in Which Retaining Rings Help Your Machinery - Circlips India

Mechanical fasteners called retaining rings provide rigid shoulders to hold parts in place. The rings are deformed while being put on or taken off, but they quickly return to their natural form. Retaining rings can be employed in a broad range of applications due to their spherical ring features.

Several considerations must be made to guarantee that a heavy duty retaining ring will perform as intended and cause no issues once the design enters production.

Step 1 – Find out what kind of ring you'll need.

Different types of retaining rings can be used for axial or radial installations in a housing or on a shaft. Shaft rings are fitted on the outside diameter of pins, studs, and shafts, while internal rings are built into grooves or recesses in bores and housings. Therefore, always choose the right type according to the application.

Step 2 – Choosing between axial and radial ring assembly.

The lugs and holes on an axial retaining ring allow it to be inserted into a shaft or bore groove at a specific location along the axis. Once in place, they make complete contact with the groove. They can bear high thrust loads because loads are transmitted into the groove wall throughout much of the groove's circle.

Along the rim of a circle, a ring is built radially and then set in place. When compared to their axial counterpart, these rings lack lugs and lug holes and don't wrap around the groove quite as far. They tolerate less thrust stresses to the groove wall because of the gap section.

Step 3 – Choosing the right ring size.

The housing or shaft diameter is the determining factor in the ring size. When manufacturing retaining rings, many international standards are adhered to.

Step 4 – Choose the metal and polish for your retaining ring.

There are three main kinds of material used to make retaining rings. The most common material is carbon spring steel (SAE 1060-1090). It is very durable, can be bent without breaking, and has a great surface for plating, making it resistant to corrosion. Stainless steel (PH 15-7Mo) is the second most popular material. The steel of this quality is resistant to air oxidation at temperatures as high as 900 degrees Fahrenheit, making it both robust and durable. Beryllium copper, the third substance, is nonmagnetic, electrically conductive, and very resistant to corrosion from sea air and saltwater.

To avoid corrosion, a retaining ring's polish is just as crucial as the material it's made of. A phosphate finish is the norm since it prevents rusting over time. Zinc plating applied mechanically is still another option. It may last up to 96 hours in salt spray, making it ideal for use in applications that are constantly exposed to the elements. In addition, zinc dichromate lacquer can withstand salt spray for up to 240 hours before corrosion sets in. Stainless steel and other expensive noncorrosive materials can be replaced with this low-cost alternative.

Step 5 – Choosing tools for installation.

The next step, after settling on a retaining ring, is picking out the appropriate equipment. Pliers and pneumatic equipment are used to install axial retaining rings, whereas applicators and dispensers are used to place radial retaining rings. Fingers, hammers, and other improvised instruments can cause harm as well as damage components, thus they should be avoided. Automatic assembly equipment is often used for high-volume installations.

Step 6 – Choose packaging.

The packing is the last factor to think about. There are two sources for retaining rings. One option is bulk packing in boxes or bags of varied sizes, which is useful if the item will be installed with a hand tool. The alternative packaging technique uses automated equipment to stack the rings on top of one another before sealing the stack with tape. The resultant cartridges can be used with automated assembly machinery, speeding up the process of installing the rings.

Contact reliable retaining ring suppliers and get the best material!

[allaboutsteel]

Everything You Need To Know About Carbon Steel Sheet

Carbon steel sheet is a versatile material that is widely used in industrial and commercial applications. It is made from iron and carbon, and is available in a variety of grades, from low carbon to ultra-high carbon. Carbon steel sheet can be cut, welded, formed, and machined easily and is an economical choice for many applications.

Carbon steel sheet is commonly used in the automotive and construction industries, as well as for home appliances. It is often used for parts that require strength and durability, such as automobile frames, bridges, and even medical equipment.

The most common grade of carbon steel sheet is AISI 1010, which is a low carbon steel. It is a low cost, corrosion-resistant material that is easy to form and fabricate. Other common grades of carbon steel sheet include AISI 1020, AISI 1025, AISI 1045, AISI 1060, AISI 1075, AISI 1095, and AISI 1215.

Carbon Steel Sheet can be surface treated for additional protection. Galvanization is the process of coating the steel with a thin layer of zinc. This layer prevents oxygen and moisture from corroding the steel and provides an additional layer of protection from rust and corrosion. Other surface treatments include painting and powder coating.

When selecting carbon steel sheet for a project, it is important to consider the type of application, the grade of steel, and the surface treatment. The type of application will determine the grade of steel that is best suited for the job. For example, automotive parts typically require higher strength, higher carbon grades of steel.

For applications where the steel will be exposed to corrosive elements, a galvanized or painted finish is recommended. Surface treated steel may be more expensive than untreated steel, but it is more resistant to corrosion and rust.

When welding carbon steel sheet, it is important to use the appropriate welding rod and flux. Welding rods with a higher carbon content are better suited for welding thicker sheets. For thinner sheets, welding rods with a lower carbon content are recommended.

In addition to welding, carbon steel sheet can be cut, drilled, and formed. It can also be machined and bent into custom shapes. It is important to use the right tools and techniques when working with carbon steel sheet, as it can be brittle and may crack or break if not handled properly.

Carbon steel sheet is an economical and versatile material that is widely used in the automotive and construction industries and for home appliances. It is available in a variety of grades, from low carbon to ultra-high carbon, and can be machined, cut, welded, and formed into custom shapes. It is important to select the right grade and surface treatment for the application and to use the appropriate tools and techniques when working with carbon steel sheet.

[madeofthreads]

To her credit she didn't titter in half-suppressed laughter at his moment of panicked reaction, but the crease of deeper smile lines spoke volumes. Ji-eun was amused. The brigadier general's eyes narrowed cold and sharp like ice. He was less amused.

"Ahhh." There was almost a melodic tone in her inflection, closely tied to her mother tongue. "If I wished to tell you something it would be, good catch!" He must have thought her as mocking, when she was simply direct. After all it had been a very good catch and it demonstrated his reflexes.

He seemed to marvel over the gunblade. It made sense, her understanding of him was that he developed and piloted his own magitek armour. Though it was a distant kind of understanding, something that could be garnered from reading reports. It was impersonal. She did learn, but it told her nothing of him, nothing of his character.

This was a man who reported to the high commander. Ji-eun would be doing a disservice if she didn't come to a more personal understanding of who Loqi Tummelt was. Did she think him a threat? No, but she'd rather not be surprised.

"I fire with one hand because for my own personal use it is a one-handed weapon, but that required a lot of practice." She changed her stance, mimicked as if she held the gunblade for him to sight her stance. "The gun has a stronger recoil than expected. Because this will be your first time firing it, two hands would provide better recoil management." Again her stance changed, showing him how best to hold the weapon without getting too personal about it.

Then she sucked air through her teeth, an unusual sound to some, but to her and her family it was the equivalent of a thoughtful "hmmm". "The metal." She answered in short. She wasn't being a smartass, it was the simplest to-the-point answer that she could expand on. "The first gunblades I had issued to me were made with different steel alloys, but the negatives were too many and too serious. We ran into a lot of conflicting problems."

That was putting it simply. Ji-eun wouldn't point them out, but she was decorated by some scars from those earlier failings. "Carbon steel. Not high carbon steel, 1060 to be exact. It's far more difficult to make but the balance of strength and hardness hit the mark of what this kind of weapon needs. Higher than that, it runs the risk of being too brittle which isn't good for the blade."

Loqi eyed the gunblade as much as he eyed Ji-eun. He was somehow wary and fascinated - of both. The weapon for simple reasons, it was one he had never seen before. And her? Well, she was a variable in the grand scheme of the Empire. As Ravus' advisor she mostly worked in his shadow. And yet her ears were everywhere his were. So, she knew a ton. Maybe even a ton more than Loqi himself.

Though whatever he had thought of her - he hadn't expected her to simple throw her gunblade up and tell him to catch.

It was so stupid. It was almost embarrassing. Why did he even fucking react?! But he did. Wide eyes and a step towards her, Loqi caught the blade - if a little clumsily. Two hands - reaching for the hilt... or gunpart, whatever it was! Not the blade, nope. A falling blade had no hilt was an old wisdom. And mostly he caught it because his engineer-heart would shatter along with any part of the weapon getting damaged by something so reckless.

Holding onto it, Loqi's blue eyes darted to Ji-eun in a slight narrowed squint.

"Well... you like to play with weapons, is it that you want to tell me?" Now that he had it, he wouldn't easily be giving it back. Looking at the weapon closer, Loqi tried to unfold it properly, lifting it up to marvel at the sharp blade. It was a strange angle to hold onto for a sword.

Aiming it in the direction of the shooting range, Loqi tried to get a feel for the weight.

"This? With one or two hands? And how does the blade not get brittle and shatter serving as barrell to the gun?"

[medieval-collectibles]

How to Tell if a Sword is Functional: A Helpful Guide from Medieval Collectibles

When choosing a sword, it is important to determine if it is suitable for your intended use. You may be looking for a medieval sword to use in an intense reenactment or one to display on a wall. These are two very different requirements for a sword. Medieval Collectibles is here to provide you with a guide to swords to help you figure out if a sword is functional, also known as battle ready. The name of the item may help you. For example, we offer swords that have the word decorative in their name. Also, any sword with LARP in the name is made of foam and intended for roleplaying.

We’ve also made it easy to shop functional and decorative swords by dividing them into separate categories on our site:

Functional Swords

Decorative Swords

Sword Material

Certain materials, especially certain types of steel, can immediately categorize a sword as decorative or functional. Stainless steel swords are almost always decorative. They are rarely functional. This type of sword is best suited for display or costume use. Medium carbon steel swords can be either functional or decorative. The functionality depends on the construction process, especially regarding the forging process. 1045 carbon steel is an example of medium carbon steel that can be used for functional swords. We have multiple battle-ready swords made from 1045 steel. Other medium carbon steel swords may not be functional. Those swords are best suited for the same purposes as stainless steel swords.

Another type of steel that you may come across is spring steel. This is a type of carbon steel and can be functional as well. Spring steel has a resistance to bending and snapping, making it ideal for certain sword uses. 1566 steel is a type of spring steel. Finally, there are types of high carbon steel. High carbon steel swords are usually functional swords. Many high-carbon steel blades make great swords for historical reenactments. Types of high carbon steel include 1095, 1065, and 1060 as well as T10 and 65 Mn. We have a variety of high-carbon steel swords.

Sword Construction

When looking at a sword on our site, you may see the words tempered, hardened, or heat-treated. Any of these words will help to indicate that the sword may be functional. Some swords will be tempered but are intended for decorative use. Next, some battle-ready swords will indicate to what level of hardness that they have been tempered. You will see this indicated with the letters HRC next to a number. This refers to a rating on the Rockwell scale. The higher the rating on the Rockwell scale, the better a blade will hold its edge. The lower the rating, the less brittle the steel will be, generally speaking.

Another phrase to pay attention to is the words "full tang". A full tang means that the blade continues all the way through the handle. A battle-ready sword has a full tang so that the blade does not easily separate from the handle during combat. There are two types of tangs: peened and threaded. A threaded tang means that the pommel is screwed onto the tang. A peened tang means that the tang was hammered and heated at the tip of the pommel. A peened tang is often sturdier than a threaded tang, but both are effective. A fully functional sword should have both a full tang as well as a tempered or hardened construction.

Sharpened vs Unsharpened Swords

A sharpened sword is almost always a functional sword. However, this is not always the case in reverse. A functional sword may come unsharpened. The fact that a sword is functional does not necessarily mean that the sword is sharpened. We have multiple swords that are fully functional but do not come with a sharpened edge. This selection includes swords that have a factory edge, which are not sharp. None of our swords have a razor-sharp edge.

Some swords are offered in both sharpened and unsharpened versions, like our Darksword Armoury swords. Many functional swords meant for full contact combat can be sharpened by the user after purchasing them as we do not offer a sharpening service. Other functional swords are designed to not have a sharp edge because of their intended use, such as swords for stage combat or practice swords.

Uses of Functional Swords

Functional swords are useful for a wide variety of purposes and activities. Some swords are full combat. Skilled users can wield them in combat-based historical reenactments. These may have sharp edges and are best suited for combat with protective gear. Other swords may be used for stage combat. These weapons are meant for controlled combat. They often do not have sharpened edges and allow the option of wearing lighter or minimal protective gear.

Other types of functional swords are sparring and training swords. These swords are often used to practice swordsmanship skills. They are especially useful for Historical European Martial Arts, also known as HEMA, and other live sword combat events. Many functional blades for this purpose often do not have a sharp tip. Therefore, this type of medieval sword would be ill-suited for full-contact combat.

Overall, Medieval Collectibles have a wide variety of swords. Some are functional, while others are decorative. Understanding whether a sword is functional and for what purpose it is used is important to ensure that you are satisfied with your sword. We hope this guide helps you in determining what sword will work best for you.

Check out all the swords we have to offer here.

[usks-world]

The Valiant Armoury Malatesta Sword Signature Collection

The Blade is Hand Forged 1060 High Carbon Spring Steel.

All sword fittings are fabricated right here in Texas.

The Malatesta Sword now comes hot peened assembled standard

This Sword has an Overall Length: 43 1/2 inches

Sword Blade Length: 34 inches

Sword Handle Length: 6 1/4 inches

Sword Blade Material: Hand Forged 1060 High Carbon Spring Steel

Sword Blade Width at Guard: 1 7/8 inches

Sword Weight 2 lb. 10 oz.

 

Standard Leather Colors:

Scabbard - Antiqued Red

Grip - Antiqued Red

Belt/Harness - Black

The Scabbard and suspension package is made with the finest top grain leather and is some of the finest found on any semi custom medieval sword

[themetalsfactory]

The Metals Factory

The Metals Factory is an ISO certified and PED approved professional and international manufacturer, supplier and exporter of stainless steel, aluminium, nickel alloys, carbon steel and alloy steel products.  With a collective experience of over 30 years, we have emerged as one of the largest just in time exporter of steel and aluminum products. Our range of products includes steel plates, rods, bars, angle, channels, steel pipe and tube, forged flange and fittings, elbow, tee, reducer, stub end, gaskets, fasteners, valves etc. We are devoted to provide the best solutions for steel materials and industrial equipment for our respected customers. We have manufacturing set up, sales and export offices in both India and China to meet the immediate and long term steel and aluminium product requirements across the globe.

Our stainless steel pipe and carbon steel pipe products are designed and manufactured in compliance with international standards and are appreciated for their sturdiness, precise dimensions, durability, finish and corrosion resistance. They are available in distinguished sizes, dimensions and thicknesses to cover the requirements of various industries like power plants, automobile, heavy engineering, offshore and chemical.

In addition to being a manufacturer of seamless pipes and welded steel pipes, we are also one of the biggest stainless steel plate and aluminum plate processing center in India. We are a leading stockholder, processor and supplier of high quality stainless steel plates, stainless steel sheets, stainless steel coils, stainless steel strips, alloy steel plates, special alloy plates, mild steel plates, mild steel coils, hot rolled coils, hot rolled plates, cold rolled coils.

We supply not only commonly used carbon steel and stainless steel materials (SS304/L, SS316/L, SS321), but also duplex and super duplex steel 1.4547, 1.4462, 1.4410 (S31254, S31803, S32750, S32760), and special austenite stainless steel such as 310S, 347H, 317L, 904L.

Some of our important & key products include the following:        

1)     Aluminium sheets, plates and coils in size range of 0.2mm to 350mm in Alloys 1050, 1060, 1070, 1080, 1100, 1200, 3003, 3105 and 8011. We are also one of the leading suppliers of 5052, 5083, 5086, 6061, 6082 and 7075 plate, and sheet products. Other products available in Aluminium alloys include bar and rods, seamless tubes, buttweld fittings, flanges and aluminium blocks for CNC machining.

2)     Stainless steel sheets, plates and coils in size range of 0.2mm to 80mm in SS 304/L, SS316/L, SS321, duplex and super duplex steel, 310S, 347H, 317L, 904L. We offer stainless steel products in various forms including stainless steel pipes, stainless steel rods, stainless steel forgings, stainless steel large diameter pipes, stainless steel pipe fittings and flanges.

3)     Carbon steel plates are available for sale in size range of 6mm to 200mm in custom widths and lengths, especially boiler quality plates, pressure vessel steel plates, abrasion resistant steel plates, and high tensile plates.

4)     Stainless steel flexible hose pipes and bellows in sizes from 1/4” to 12” in custom lengths with various types of end connections such as flanges, female or male nuts, nipples, adaptors, camlock couplings, quick release couplings etc.

5)     Carbon steel seamless pipes available in size range of 1/2’’~24’’NB, carbon steel ERW pipes available in sizes 1/2’’~40’’NB, while LSAW and Spiral welded steel pipes are available in size range of 18’’~72’’NB

6)     Stainless steel pipes are available in various grades such as SS 304/L, SS316/L, SS321, duplex and super duplex steel, 310S, 347H, 317L, 904L, Stainless steel seamless pipes are available in size range of 1/2’’~24’’NB, while stainless steel ERW and Fabricated pipes are available in sizes 1/2’’~40’’NB.

Various piping system related pipes fittings, fasteners, gaskets and flanges are available in carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel alloys and alloy steel grades. We manufacture and supply buttweld pipe fittings, forged fittings and flanges in size ½” to 60”.

[kultofathena]

Ronin Katana – Dojo Pro Wakizashi Model #4

This Wakizashi is a stylistically matched fit to the Ronin Katana Dojo Pro Model 13 and can be paired with the larger sword to create a matched daisho set.

The Ronin Katana Wakizashi #4 has a through-tempered blade that is forged from 1060 high carbon steel. The sharpened blade has a deep bo-hi groove to reduce weight in the blade whilst keeping much of its integral strength.

The tsuba, fuchi and kashira hilt fittings are crafted from iron and feature the simple stylings and the iconic dual-ring favored by the great swordsman Musashi. The habaki and seppa are brass and the wood tsuka grip is wrapped in rayskin before being overlaid with knotted synthetic silk tsuka-ito cord. A pair of brass menuki are fitted within the binding grip cords.

The wooden saya scabbard has a Kurikata, Koguchi and Kojiri of polished buffalo horn; the wooden parts of the scabbard were finished with a gloss-finish black lacquer and a black sageo cord to match the color of the grip. The sword comes with a cloth sword bag.

[knifedepotshop]

Latest collection of katana sword

The katana sword is a real work of art. Each one is individually crafted and no two are exactly alike. They are truly unique weapons that have been used in battle for centuries. Today, katana swords are still prized by collectors and martial artists alike. If you're looking for a real katana sword, there's no better place to start your search than with the latest collection from Dragon Katana Swords. This trusted retailer offers an unbeatable selection of high-quality katana swords, perfect for anyone who wants to own a piece of history.

 No matter what your budget is, you're sure to find a katana sword that suits your needs at Dragon Katana Swords. Whether you're looking for a simple blade to display in your home or a fully functional sword for training purposes, they have something to offer everyone. If you're ready to take your katana collection to the next level, be sure to check out the latest selection from Dragon Katana Swords. With their wide array of real katana swords, you're sure to find the perfect one for you.

Hand Forged Samurai/Katana Sword

- Made of 1095/1060 high carbon steel- Full tang, real sharp edge- Handle wrapped in genuine ray skin- Includes free sword stand this is a beautiful and functional hand-forged katana sword. The handle is wrapped in genuine ray skin and the sword comes with a free sword stand. This katana would make an excellent addition to any collection.

Blue Knight Handmade Katana / Samurai Sword

This katana features a hand-forged, blue-tinted blade made of high carbon steel. The Hamon (wave-like pattern) is real and has been created using the traditional clay tempering method. The tsuba (hand guard) is made of zinc alloy and the grip is wrapped in genuine ray skin. The saya (scabbard) is black lacquered wood with a blue cord wrap.

This katana sword is the perfect choice for those seeking a real, functional katana that looks as good as it performs. Whether you are an experienced swordsman or a beginner, this katana will suit your needs.

Dragon Katana Sword

This katana features a hand-forged, dragon-themed blade made of high carbon steel. The Hamon (wave-like pattern) is real and has been created using the traditional clay tempering method. The (hand guard) is made of zinc alloy and the grip is wrapped in genuine ray skin. The saya (scabbard) is black lacquered wood with a green cord wrap. This katana sword is the perfect choice for those seeking a real, functional katana that looks as good as it performs. Whether you are an experienced swordsman or a beginner, this katana will suit your needs.

[heykav]

How to Get the Most out of Your Ecommerce Marketing Strategy

How to Get the Most out of Your Ecommerce Marketing Strategy

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What do a Hand Forged 1060 High Carbon Black Steel Blade Full Tang Samurai Katana Sword and a 7,541-Piece Lego Millennium Falcon™ Replica have in common?

First and foremost, they’re both awesome.

(more…)

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Use of Codes and Standards in Piping System Design | Calgary, AB

October 23, 2017

P.Eng.

Meena Rezkallah

In practice, the assurance that the design and construction of a piping system will meet prescribed pressure-integrity requirements is achieved through the use of published codes and standards. Numerous codes and standards have been formulated and published by major interest groups of the piping and pressure vessel industry. The most widely used codes and standards for piping system design are published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredits m any of these codes and standards.

Differentiation between Codes and Standards

Codes and standards both provide criteria through which pressure integrity can be ensured and simplified design rules to ensure adherence to the criteria. Many designers and engineers think the terms code and standard are synonymous, or at least somewhat interchangeable, but this understanding is incorrect.

Codes. Piping codes provide specific design criteria such as permissible materials of construction, allowable working stresses, and load sets that must be considered in design. In addition, rules are provided to determine the minimum wall thickness and structural behavior due to the effects of internal pressure, dead weight, seismic loads, live loads, thermal expansion, and other imposed internal or external loads. Piping codes provide design rules for nonstandard components and for the reinforcement of openings in the pipe wall. They do not provide design rules for standard in-line components such as valves, flanges, and standard fittings; rather, they define the design requirements for these classes of components by reference to industry standards.

The use of specific codes for the design and construction of piping systems is frequently mandated by statute or regulations imposed by regulatory and enforcement agencies.

Typically codes are structured around technology or industry user lines. For example, ASME B31.1, Power Piping, covers piping systems in power plants, district heating plants, district distribution piping systems, and general industrial piping systems while ASME B31.3, Process Piping, is structured around the chemical, petroleum, and petrochemical industries. Any one of the above-named industrial facilities might have a pipeline with similar service requirements such as a high-pressure steam main, a boiler feed water line, or a cooling water line. How-ever, the requirements of the specific code, as influenced by the needs and experience of the user industry, will dictate the pipeline’s design and construction requirements.

Many piping design and construction codes are listed in the section ‘‘Reference Codes and Standards.’’ The systems and subsystems covered by these codes are defined in their scope sections. The scope sections of all potentially applicable codes should be reviewed early in the design phase of a piping project to determine which code, or codes, should be applied to the piping design and construction.

In some cases, multiple codes may be required for the design and construction of the same piping system, depending upon its location. For example, a steam main serving a petrochemical plant from a major utility’s district heating system would be designed and constructed to ASME B31.1, up to the petrochemical plant property line. The balance of the piping on the petrochemical plant’s property would be designed to ASME B31.3. In the case of a natural gas main serving a utility power-house, the outdoor piping is designed and constructed to ASME B31.8 up to and including the meter set, and the in-plant piping is designed and constructed to ASME B31.1.

Sometimes, different piping systems within the same building or facility will be designed and constructed to different codes. For example, most of the piping systems in a utility power plant are designed and constructed to ASME B31.l. However, the building heating and air conditioning piping systems are designed and constructed to ASME B31.9, Building Services Piping.

Standards. Standards provide specific design criteria and rules for individual components or classes of components such as valves, flanges, and fittings. There are two general types of standards: dimensional and pressure integrity. Dimensional standards provide configuration control parameters for components. The main purpose of dimensional standards is to ensure that similar components manufactured by different suppliers will be physically interchangeable. Conformity to a particular dimensional standard during the manufacture of a product does not imply that all such similarly configured products will provide equal performance. For example, two different styles of NPS 10 (DN 250) Class 150 flanged-end gate valves could be manufactured, in part, to ASME B16.10, Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves. The valves would be physically interchangeable between mating flanges in a particular piping system. However, because of completely different seat and disk design, one valve might be capable of meeting far more stringent seat leakage criteria than the other. Pressure-integrity standards provide uniform minimum-performance criteria. Components designed and manufactured to the same standards will function in an equivalent manner. For example, all NPS 10 (DN 250) Class 150 ASTM A105 flanges, which are constructed in accordance with ASME B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, have a pressure-temperature rating of 230 psig (1590 kPa gage) at 300 deg F (149 deg C). Statute or regulation does not normally mandate standards; rather they are usually invoked by a construction code or purchaser’s specification.

The ASME Pressure Classification System​

The ASME pressure classification system meets the needs of industry by providing quantitative performance standards for a wide range of piping components, based upon a manageable number of operational variables. This system defines predetermined pressure-temperature ratings that components are designed to meet.

A number of different ASME standards for piping components provide pressure-temperature ratings. The standards in current use in the piping industry are listedin the section ‘‘Reference Codes and Standards.’’ In this section the pressure classi-fication system in ASME B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings,1 will be usedfor illustration. However, the concepts covered are generally applicable to all theASME pressure-integrity standards.

Flanges manufactured in accordance with ASME B16.5 are made from materials categorized into 34 material or material alloy groups. There are 8 carbon and low-alloy steel material groups, 10 high-alloy steel material groups, and 16 nonferrous metal groups. Within each of the 34 material groups is a subgroup listing of ASTM materials specifications for forgings, castings, and plates. In addition, acceptable bolting materials and bolting dimensional recommendations are specified. Partial listings of the various material groups, subgroups, and bolting materials are shown in Tables B2.1, B2.2a, and B2.2b. For the complete list, see ASME B16.5.

For any single material group, all flanges made from any material in the group, which carry the same ASME flange pressure class, have the same pressure-temperature rating.

ASME B16.5 provides seven pressure classes for flanges. They are Classes 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500. The pressure-temperature ratings for flanges representing all material groups are organized within 34 tables, one for each material group. Table B2.3 is adapted from ASME Standard B16.5 and is typical of the 34 flange rating tables. It provides the pressure-temperature ratings for flanges in material group 1.1. The table is organized with the pressure classes listed across the top and the maximum working temperatures along the left-hand border. The body of the table provides the pressure ratings for flanges from each pressure class, at the given temperature.

In practice, the use of ASME B16.5 to determine a flange rating is quite simple.

The procedure is outlined below:

Determine the maximum operating pressure and temperature for the required flange.

Select a flange material and therefore a material group from one of the 34 listed material groups. Be aware that some of the qualifying notes concerning maximum operating temperatures for various materials may influence the final material selection.

Enter the appropriate material group table at the increment of temperature listed which is higher than the desired maximum operating temperature. Start with the Class 150 column and proceed to the right until a pressure rating for the desired temperature is found which equals or exceeds the required operating pressure. The column in which this condition is satisfied dictates the required pressure class and specifies the actual pressure-temperature rating of the flange.

Example B2.1. Assume that an ASTM A105 carbon-steel flange is required to satisfy a pressure rating of 1060 psig (7310 kPa gage) at 650 deg F (343 deg C). ASTM A105 is a material group 1.1 material. Entering Table B2.3 at a temperature of 650 deg F

(343 deg C), a Class 600 flange is found to have a rating of 1075 psig (7420 kPa gage) at 650 deg F (343 deg C). Therefore, a Class 600 ASTM A105 flange is suitable for the stated conditions.

Reference Codes and Standards

The following listing identifies the codes and standards used for most design work done for modern power and industrial piping systems. It has been prepared as a ready reference.

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. This Code covers a wide variety of pressure-integrity-related design and construction applications. Certain sections of the Code provide rules for the design of piping systems:

Section I: Rules for Construction of Power Boilers

Section III: Rules for Construction of Nuclear Plant Components

Section IV: Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers

Section VIII: Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

The ASME Pressure Piping Codes. These codes are commonly used for the design of commercial power and industrial piping systems:

B31.1, Power Piping

B31.2, Fuel Gas Piping

B31.3, Process Piping

B31.4, Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas,

Anhydrous Ammonia and Alcohols

B31.5, Refrigeration Piping

B31.8, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems

B31.9, Building Services Piping

B31.11, Slurry Transportation Piping Systems

B31G, Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines*

ASME Guide for Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems*

The ASME Pressure-Integrity Standards. The standards listed below provide design and manufacturing criteria for many commonly used piping components:

B16.1, Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

B16.3, Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings

B16.4, Gray Iron Threaded Fittings

B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings (NPS ¹⁄₂ Through NPS 24)

B16.9, Factory Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings

B16.11, Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded

B16.15, Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings (Class 125 and 250)

B16.18, Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings

B16.22, Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings

B16.24, Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings (Class 150, 300,

400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500)

B16.26, Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes

B16.28, Wrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and Returns

B16.33, Manually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping Systems

up to 125 psig (Sizes ¹⁄₂ Through 2)

B16.34, Valves—Flanged, Threaded and Welding End

B16.36, Orifice Flanges

B16.38, Large Metallic Valves for Gas Distribution (Manually Operated, NPS

2¹⁄₂ to 12, 125 psig Maximum)

B16.39, Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions, Classes 150, 250, and 300

B16.42, Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Classes 150 and 300

B16.47, Large Diameter Steel Flanges (NPS 26 Through NPS 60)

* Not an ASME code but listed here for the reader’s convenience.

The ASME Dimensional Standards. Listed below are the most commonly used piping-related dimensional standards:

B1.20.1, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)

B1.20.3, Dryseal Pipe Threads (Inch)

B16.10, Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves

B16.20, Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges—Ring Joint, Spiral Wound, and

Jacketed

B16.21, Non-Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

B16.25, Buttwelding Ends

B36.10M, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

B36.19M, Stainless Steel Pipe

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[kadobeclothing]

How to Get the Most out of Your Ecommerce Marketing Strategy

What do a Hand Forged 1060 High Carbon Black Steel Blade Full Tang Samurai Katana Sword and a 7,541-Piece Lego Millennium Falcon

Replica have in common? Well, first and foremost, they’re both awesome. Second, if you have kids under the age of three, you probably don’t want them playing with either — one is a choking hazard and one is a katana.

And third, you can buy both through the magic of something called ecommerce — the sale of products or services online. Ecommerce is becoming a staple of companies’ sales and marketing operations across virtually every industry. Here, we’ll examine some ecommerce marketing strategies your business can employ to land and retain as many customers as possible. Ecommerce Marketing Plan Your ecommerce marketing plan is essentially the sum of the ecommerce strategies and tactics you choose to employ. The most effective plans aren’t randomly cobbled together — they’re designed with intention. They’re often guided by a general marketing philosophy or underlying structure. For instance, the inbound methodology can be applied to an overarching ecommerce marketing plan. In this case, you would tailor your ecommerce marketing efforts to attract visitors, convert those visitors into leads, close deals and turn them into customers, and delight them once they’ve purchased your products or services to turn them into promoters. There are a number of different strategies to consider when constructing your plan. Here are some of the most effective options worth exploring.

Ecommerce Marketing Strategies

Blog. Contribute guest posts to other websites. Try referral marketing programs. Leverage social media. Drive user-generated content.

1. Blog. Maintaining a blog is one of the better ways to attract potential customers to your site organically. By creating quality content relevant to your industry, you can project a sense of legitimacy and trustworthiness to prospects. If you give strangers an incentive to visit your site through your content — beyond material specific to your product or service — you can generate interest that might ultimately turn into action. Regardless of what you’re selling, maintaining a blog for your site is a cost-effective way to prove that your business is an authority in its space 2. Contribute guest posts to other websites. Guest posts have the potential to expand your online visibility. Not only can it better establish you as an authority within your industry, contributing guest posts affords you more domain authority for your ecommerce site — leading search engines to believe your site is more reliable and worth ranking higher. You can accomplish this by identifying sites with keywords relevant to your products and reaching out to the people behind them. Sometimes, you won’t even need to create a post of your own. You might be able to just expand upon one of a site’s current posts with relevant context or an infographic that links back to your site. 3. Try referral marketing programs. Referral marketing combines two of the most powerful underlying assets to any ecommerce marketing strategy — word of mouth and incentives. A solid ecommerce referral program allows customers to relay your messaging to prospects who trust their judgment. Research indicates that word of mouth is directly responsible for 19% of all purchases and influences as much as 90% of them. So a significant part of your ecommerce marketing strategy has to be tapping into that trend. Referral marketing is one way to do that. By offering some sort of incentive — like a discount or small gift — to your customers in exchange for their referral of new prospects, you’re putting yourself in a position to better retain current customers while expanding your base. Here’s an example of a referral program from Stitchfix.

Source For more information on referral marketing, check out this article. 4. Leverage social media. A well maintained social media presence is an invaluable component to a successful ecommerce marketing strategy. That being said, ecommerce marketing over social media might not look like marketing for a conventional business, brand, contractor, or publisher. And not every social media platform is optimal for ecommerce. Ecommerce is an inherently visual medium. Very few consumers are willing to buy a product based solely on text. The success of your social media efforts often hinges your use of imagery to capture attention and generate traffic to your product pages. That makes Instagram one of the better platforms to complement your ecommerce marketing strategy. If possible, you should consider incorporating shoppable content — interactive content that allows your visitors to buy immediately — into your ecommerce marketing strategy. That can mean anything from strategically placing display ads within a social feed to adding additional tags that take users directly to a shopping cart.

Source 5. Drive user-generated content. Driving user-generated content is the practice of finding and fostering ways for your customers to promote your business. It’s an excellent way to facilitate word of mouth for your company. It drives traffic to your ecommerce site while building an authentic following of interested customers. User-generated content can come in many forms. One of the most effective ways to encourage it is through competitions — offering prizes to customers that promote your product in some form. You could also use promotional hashtags on social media or maintain review platforms where customers can share feedback about your product. One way or another, getting your customers to actively promote your product on their own provides a new degree of trustworthiness and a relatively inexpensive source of potential traffic to your site. For instance, Starbucks launched its #WhiteCupContest campaign in 2014. Customers were encouraged to draw whatever they felt like on the chain’s white cups. The winners’ designs would be used as limited edition templates for Starbucks’ cup design. In just three weeks, the company received over 4,000 submissions — generating plenty of buzz and free promotion.

Source If your business has any sort of ecommerce presence, you stand to gain a lot by exploring and employing different ecommerce marketing strategies. Many of the available options can be as cost-effective as they are valuable. No matter how you choose to structure your ecommerce marketing plan, make sure it’s dynamic, multifaceted, and well-maintained. Putting one of these plans in motion will take some effort, but if done correctly, that effort will pay off in spades.

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Condor Tool & Knife, Indian Spike Tomahawk, 3in x 9in Blade, Burnt Hickory Handle with Sheath

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