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spacenutspod · 10 months ago

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4 min read Ride the Wave of Radio Astronomy During the Solar Eclipse GAVRT DSS-28 dish at the NASA Deep Space Communications Complex near Goldstone, California. NASA/Russell Torres Students and science enthusiasts are invited to catch a real-time look at radio astronomy as scientists explore magnetic hotspots on the Sun during a live, virtual solar eclipse event on April 8, 2024. A massive, 34-meter telescope once used by NASA’s Deep Space Network to communicate with spacecraft will point towards the Sun during the solar eclipse that day. The Moon’s position in front of the Sun will help the antenna detect radio waves from solar active regions in more detail than is usually possible. The Solar Patrol team at California’s Lewis Center for Educational Research, in partnership with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, will remotely operate the Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) while sharing observations and commentary during an interactive webinar open for the public. Scientists and students regularly use the single-dish GAVRT antenna, located in the Mojave Desert of California, to scan the Sun. They use the observations to build maps of radio waves formed along strong magnetic field lines in the outer atmosphere of the Sun. By studying these images, researchers can measure the strength and structure of those powerful magnetic regions. These observations offer insight into magnetically driven processes on the Sun, like solar flares and coronal mass ejections, which generate space weather events that can interfere with satellite electronics, radio communications and GPS signals, spacecraft orbits, and power grids on Earth. During normal solar observing, GAVRT can only detect and distinguish relatively large features on the Sun. A solar eclipse offers a unique opportunity for GAVRT to capture sharper and more refined information about the magnetic field structure in the solar active regions that are often marked by sunspots. “It’s special during the eclipse because, as the Moon is passing in front of an active region, that really sharp edge of the Moon covers up more and more of the structure in that active region,” says Marin Anderson, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and GAVRT Solar Patrol scientist. Anderson explains how, as the Moon blocks a portion of the active region, it’s easier to tell what part of the active region the radio emissions are coming from. “It’s basically a way of probing magnetic field structures in the corona of the Sun in a way that we wouldn’t be able to unless an eclipse was happening.” Anyone in the world can join the live-streamed webinar on April 8 from 1-3:30 p.m. EDT (10 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. PDT) and ask the hosts questions as a partial eclipse becomes visible in California. Participants will be able to see the telescope controls, data visualization tools like Helioviewer, incoming radio data, a map of active hot spot regions, and imagery of the eclipsed Sun at radio wavelengths. Eclipse maximum, as observed by GAVRT in radio waves at 6.00 GHz and 8.45 GHz, on October 14, 2023. Click the arrow to see the post-eclipse Sun. NASA/Thangasamy Velusamy Post-eclipse image of the Sun, as observed by GAVRT at 6.00 GHz and 8.45 GHz, on October 14, 2023. One of the active regions monitored by GAVRT during the eclipse is visible as the bright region in the lower left quadrant of the Sun. Click the arrow to see the eclipsed Sun. NASA/Thangasamy Velusamy GAVRT was awarded a NASA grant to carry out observations during both the 2023 and 2024 solar eclipses in the U.S. GAVRT supports an open science framework by making all data and radio maps available for viewing and downloading by the public. Images collected during the eclipse will be posted online with instructions on how to run software and analyze the data. The Solar Patrol team hopes the public webinar inspires people to become active members of the GAVRT program where they can learn to remotely operate the telescope themselves while taking part in data analysis and scientific discovery. “I think one of the really great aspects of GAVRT Solar Patrol is that it connects any participant, but particularly students, with the Sun, beyond what they see and experience every day from the star,” Anderson says. “It’s seeing the Sun at radio wavelengths and being able to connect different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum with unique physics that’s happening on the Sun.” Since its launch in 1997, GAVRT has offered many opportunities to combine science observations with education and outreach. In addition to Solar Patrol, GAVRT is used in campaigns where participants can study Jupiter’s radiation belts, monitor radio emissions from black holes, or search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Anderson says giving students the tools to do science themselves empowers them. “It’s a really hands-on process and I think the way to get kids excited and invested in not only solar science but the scientific process in general.” To register for the GAVRT April 8 eclipse livestream event, visit: https://register.gotowebinar.com/register/4920123655757293655 For other ways to get involved in GAVRT, including signing up a classroom to participate in observations, contact: [email protected] or visit gavrt.lewiscenter.org. By Rose Brunning, Communications LeadNASA Heliophysics Digital Resource Library Share Details Last Updated Feb 21, 2024 Related Terms 2024 Solar Eclipse Eclipses Skywatching Solar Eclipses Keep Exploring Discover More on the 2024 Solar Eclipse Shadow Notes Eclipse 2024 Science Eclipse 2024 Citizen Science Safety

#space #astronomy #news #science

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certainheartrunaway · 4 years ago

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Many thanks to SWLing Post contributor, Dave (K4SV), who shares the following video: Click here to view on YouTube.

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February 24, 2021 at 10:09AM

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During the week 15 – 19 February, the preparatory work for WRC-23 agenda item 9.1b continued in ITU‑R Working Party 4C (WP4C). The WRC agenda item has initiated technical studies on coexistence between the radio navigation satellite service (RNSS) and the amateur services in the 23cm band. As usual, the IARU participated in the meeting and delivered key information on amateur activities in this important microwave band. This information is vital to ensure the amateur services are realistically represented in the studies as they move forward.

It remains vital that national amateur communities present their views on the importance of this band to their national regulators in a consolidated and consistent manner.

To assist with this the IARU-R1 is developing supporting material that member societies can refer to when addressing the topic with their national regulator.

The work on this topic will continue throughout the year and beyond both in ITU‑R and in the regional telecommunications organisations and the IARU is committed to ensure every organisation understands the amateur position on this important microwave band.

ITU‑R WP4C Meeting Report here

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ARRL CEO David Minster, NA2AA, will keynote the QSO Today Virtual Ham Expo March 13 – 14 weekend. Minster’s talk — part of an 80+ speaker lineup — will begin at 2000 UTC (3 PM EST) on March 13. His appearance will highlight ARRL’s featured role at the Expo, which also will include “Ask The ARRL Lab.” ARRL is a QSO Today Virtual Ham Expo Partner.

Minster, who assumed the ARRL Headquarters leadership position last September, has launched major projects and assembled teams to foster innovation and individual skill development in radio technology and communications. In his keynote, Minster will share his enthusiasm for advancing amateur radio and highlight current ARRL initiatives to engage and inspire the current generation of hams. His presentation topics will include:

ARRL’s digital transformation, which promises to bring new value to ARRL members. An all-in digital approach will improve the way members access and engage with content, programs, and systems.

The ARRL Learning Center, a hub for members to discover the many facets of amateur radio and develop practical knowledge and skills.

Increasing video content, opening opportunities for amateur radio content creators and member-volunteers to learn, stay informed, and keep connected.

Improving training and tools to engage radio clubs, emergency communication volunteers, and students.

The ARRL Expo booth will feature “Ask the ARRL Lab,” where Lab staffers will answer questions live. Attendees can come into the booth lounge (featuring the Expo’s latest virtual meet-up and video technology), sit down at a virtual table, and ask ARRL Lab technical wizards for tips about projects or suggestions to address various station installations and problems. Attendees can also learn about Product Review equipment testing by the Lab, see a presentation on how the Lab can help hams with RFI problems, and tour W1AW — the Hiram Percy Maxim Memorial Station — virtually. ARRL booth staff will also point attendees to helpful resources from across membership benefits, services, and programs.

Representing the ARRL Lab will be Lab Manager Ed Hare, W1RFI; Test Engineer Bob Allison, WB1GCM; Senior Laboratory Engineer Zack Lau, W1VT; RFI Engineer Paul Cianciolo, W1VLF, and W1AW Station Manager Joe Carcia, NJ1Q. Between all of them, they have over 100 years of experience at ARRL Headquarters,

QSO Today Virtual Ham Expo Chairman Eric Guth, 4Z1UG, also announced four live group kit-building workshops. Workshop instructors will guide participants through building a variety of kits, which will be available for purchase and delivered prior to the Expo so attendees can build them at home. Attendees unable to participate during the live sessions can order and build kits by watching the workshop videos during the on-demand period that follows the Expo through April 12.

Workshop kits prices range from $15 to $30. Early-bird discount tickets and links to purchase kits can be found at the QSO Today Expo website. These workshops will include:

Building the NS-40 QRP Transmitter, a 14-component, 5 W transmitter for 7.030 MHz (with instructors David Cripe, NM0S, and Virginia Smith, NV5F).

The Learn-to-Solder Workshop will introduce the basic tools and techniques of building electronic kits. Participants will build a 20-meter transmitter kit (with instructors Rex Harper, W1REX, and Stephen Houser, N1SH).

Building the Cric-Key, a simple CW keyer with paddle, suitable for home and field use (with instructor Joe Eisenberg, K0NEB).

The Mini-Sudden Receiver, a pocket-and-mint-tin friendly direct-conversion 20-meter receiver (with instructors Rex Harper, W1REX, and Stephen Houser, N1SH).

SOURCE:ARRL

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ARRL CEO David Minster, NA2AA, to Keynote QSO Today Virtual Ham Expo

February 24, 2021

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ARRL CEO David Minster, NA2AA, will keynote the QSO Today Virtual Ham Expo March 13 – 14 weekend. Minster’s talk — part of an 80+ speak... Read more

23cm band in the spotlight with regulators

February 24, 2021

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During the week 15 – 19 February, the preparatory work for WRC-23 agenda item 9.1b continued in ITU‑R Working Party 4C (WP4C)... Read more

How to Connect a Modern Radio to a Legacy Tube Amp

February 24, 2021

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How to Connect a Modern Radio to a Legacy Tube Amp Read more

A Filament Slingshots Towards Earth | Solar Storm Forecast 02.22.2021

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNxuOtBMN2s Read more

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February 21, 2021

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DARC reports 35 Electrical Noise Area Monitoring Systems (ENAMS) have been delivered and another 20 locations are sought as part of the effort to moni... Read more

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Many thanks to SWLing Post contributor, Kevin, who writes: I often see people on the side of the road at intersections holding signs, “homeless, can you help”, that sort of thing. Like a lot of people I used to ignore them. A few years ago I decided that I wanted to help so I looked […]

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Rolf DL7VEE reports the following: There is no hope for a CE0X operation at this time; either from San Felix or San Ambrosio due to restrictions from the military. Dino, CE3PG President of Radio Club de Chile says he talked to Chilean Army officers who said no way – even regardless of Covid situation. He […]

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ARRL -

ARRL Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES®) and American Red Cross volunteers joined forces in Texas under the ARRL/Red Cross memorandum of understanding in responding to the situation resulting from unseasonably frigid weather. Kevin McCoy, KF5FUZ, said the Red Cross formally requested an ARES activation in Texas to address the effects of the natural disaster, which included a lack of drinkin...

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The amateur radio communications team of the Florida Baptist Disaster Relief has created a multi-site radio communications exercise dubbed “Whirlwind Boom,” designed to bring together volunteers and local agencies across northern Florida and throughout the southeastern US. The 2-hour drill is set for Friday, March 19. Invitations have gone out to Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES®) groups, ...

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teddy-bear-surprise · 4 years ago

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Chapter 5: 3… 2… 1… Boom

|| Chapter 1 || Chapter 2 || Chapter 3 || Chapter 4 || Chapter 5 || Chapter 6 || Chapter 7 Part 1 || Chapter 7 Part 2 || Chapter 8 || Almost The End || Chapter 9 ||

WARNING: Mentions of explosion, kidnapping, death (no, I won’t tell you who died), fire, and injury

Rossi decided to drive this time, JJ had to call Will and Spencer was in no condition– mentally– to drive today. He drove quickly and with expert precision, he did not want Ophelia to have a chance to even think about running away. As he drove, he sang along to ridiculous music from the seventies and cracked jokes about mother-daughter murder duos. Implying that he believed Ophelia's partner was actually her mother, and though unlikely, it was not an entirely baseless theory.

"Hey, Reid," Rossi snapped in front of Reid's face, "did you hear a word I said?"

Spencer looked sheepishly at the dashboard, "Uh, no. Sorry about that. What were you saying, Rossi?"

"Nevermind, kid. I'll just tell you on the way back. Try not to drool on the seats though, they're leather." Rossi joked about Reid's half-asleep behavior.

While Rossi enjoyed his ABBA, Spencer leaned his head against the window. He was trying to drown out the sounds of the music to hear what JJ was saying. It was not that he wanted to eavesdrop perse, but he overheard his name when JJ whisper-shouted it into the phone and could not help but wonder why he was brought up in conversation. Spencer was able to pick out short phrases and words like 'unstable', 'worried', and 'I don't know'. He felt embarrassed to an extent, wondering if their conversation still lingered on the topic of him, or if it had moved on and those words had nothing to do with him. Rossi, of course, was completely oblivious and did not even register that JJ was still on the phone.

They got to the house, the S.W.A.T. cars arriving shortly before them, and started prepping for their ambush. JJ got out of the car after Spencer and put her hand on his shoulder reassuringly, as she did this, however, the condescending look in her eyes only made him feel worse so he smiled and shrugged off her hand. He walked over to the leader of the S.W.A.T. and feigned confidence as he asked the leader to go over their plan once more.

"Hi, I'm Dr. Reid, can we all go over the plan one more time to make sure everyone knows what they're doing?"

"Hello, Dr. Reid, I'm Sargeant Bishop, I'm leading the team today. I will call everyone in for a quick rundown," he grabbed his walkie-talkie and spoke quietly into it, giving his team instructions to remain quiet and move quickly.

Soon, the entire S.W.A.T. team was surrounding Rossi, JJ, and Reid and awaiting Bishop's instruction, "Team A, you will be surrounding the posterior side of the house. Team B and C, you will be covering the roads. And Team D will come with me through the front. After we clear the house, you three," he motioned to the BAU agents, "can come in and do whatever you need to do."

"Thank you, Sargeant."

The teams moved quickly to surround the house, they got into their respective positions and began approaching the entrances. Teams A and D kicked down the doors, filling the house with over a dozen men. It felt like an eternity had passed before they called out 'CLEAR' to the rest of the agents outside and mentioning something about a hole in the ground. Spencer felt himself relax at the thought of not having to face Ophelia and took a moment to appreciate the feeling as Rossi and JJ approached the house.

Reid turned around to join them, but when he tried to approach the house, he could not move. He was laying on the ground now, struggling to breathe and comprehend what was happening. A wave of thick, hot smoke blew over him and he could smell burning flesh filling his nostrils. The smell was repulsive. He felt a ringing in his ear, preventing him from thinking properly or hearing anything. The sound surrounded him and he curled up on the ground, feeling helpless and pained. Spencer shut his eyes tightly and let a tear escape, clearing the dust that had accumulated around his eyes. Maybe their plan was not as good as they thought.

Earlier That Day

Ophelia stumbled around her house anxiously, not completely drunk, but not fully sober either. She landed in her study and crawled over to the furthest corner from the door. Once there, she yanked back the carpet and started tapping the floor with her hand, hoping to hear a hollow noise. As soon as she heard the noise she was searching for, she smiled, knowing that her memory had not yet betrayed her. Holding a hammer in her uninjured hand, Ophelia began hacking away at the wooden floor. Pieces of the bright wood flew everywhere, covering her clothing and hitting her skin. Soon, a small hole opened up beneath her and she pulled a little leather bag from it.

She sat down next to the hole and opened up the bag on her lap. Inside was a heavyweight, metal remote with only two buttons and a large pull-out antenna. Ophelia surveyed the contraption, holding it carefully.

When her house was built, she installed a large net of explosives beneath it in the case of a situation like the one she was in. It extended from the center of her home to fifty feet on either side, effectively destroying the roads in and out of the area. She had watched enough crime TV to know that that was where police, or in this case the FBI, would park if they ever came after her. Sometimes Cat would make fun of her for having such extensive precautions, but ultimately, she knew it was to protect them both.

With the remote now in her possession, Ophelia packed a small go-bag with what she could not leave behind. She filled it with some clothing, a few 'gadgets', toiletries, and a handful of memorabilia items. The first thing she grabbed– unconsciously– was the photo of her and Spencer. Though she could no longer remember his name sober, she still felt a strong connection to the photo. After that, she began grabbing more arbitrary things like her CD collection and the ticket from her and Cat's first date.

After her bag was full, she covered the hole with the carpet again. Ophelia strategically placed a few items around the house, including her phone and wallet before saying goodbye to the empty building. She walked quickly across the road, hearing the rumble of nearby cars already approaching her. Her feet moved carefully up and down the rocks as she climbed over the canyon's obstacles. In search of the perfect location which she had found a few years prior, Ophelia climbed with determination. She had already been climbing for three minutes when she reached the spot. It was a rocky little cavern that looked over her house. From the outside, it was impossible to see Ophelia crouched inside, but from the inside, she could see everything.

The cars arrived soon after and threw clouds of dust up into the air. Ophelia heard their car doors slamming and peeked her head out to see how the scene was progressing. A few non-S.W.A.T. people also seemed to be on the scene and Ophelia wondered who they were. From this height, it was quite difficult to see who was who, all she could tell was that aside from the S.W.A.T. team, there were two men in suits and one woman wearing business casual. Her eyes traveled around intently, watching as each S.W.A.T. officer spread out across her land. She smiled as they did exactly what she had predicted. These dumb cops were too predictable, they almost made Ophelia's little game feel boring. They stormed her house, obviously finding nothing more than what she had planted, and called out for the rest of the people to go inside. This was her chance.

She saw the FBI agents approaching her house and pressed the button. The remote control emitted a high-pitched beep and flashed a single red light for a split second. Immediately after, the house was reduced to rubble, ash, and fire. The cavern where she hid shook slightly at the explosion's aftershock and spilled a little bit of dust on her, but it stayed intact. Ophelia laughed at their stupidity– they did not even put up a fight– and began climbing down from her outlook. Her adrenaline and excitement sobered her up as she made her way down.

It happened to be much easier to climb down than it was to climb up, and she was thankful. She approached the scene nonchalantly, since everyone was either dead, unconscious, or severely injured and posed no threat to her. Ophelia sauntered around, observing the fruits of her labor, taking in the beauty of the scene she had created.

Soon, she came across Reid, still not recognizing him, but still very interested in him because one, he was very attractive; two, he was one of the FBI agents; three, he seemed to be the least injured. Ophelia nudged him with her foot and saw his eyes opening lazily. She smirked at the response and started to help him up. He was still so disoriented that he could not process the fact that Ophelia was the enemy here. Spencer allowed her to tie his hands together with some rope from her bag and carry him away from the scene.

The two of them walked across the rubble and around burnt bodies. They moved quickly, but Spencer's feet were only doing some of the work, Ophelia's strong arms did the most. They had been walking for nearly half an hour when Spencer finally regained enough of his consciousness to ask Ophelia a question, "What's happening?"

Ophelia chuckled at the drunken way he spoke, "Nothing much, we're just walking. We're almost there though. Don't worry, everything is okay."

"Oh, okay. Where exactly is 'there'?"

"You'll see, just be patient and stop talking, you'll make yourself more tired."

Spencer accepted the explanation gladly and continued to move along with Ophelia. If she had known he would be this cooperative, she would not have even bothered tying his hands up. They soon reached the car and Ophelia put Reid in the passenger seat, careful not to hit his head and damage his brain any further.

It was an old car, made before GPS's were even invented and she had bought it with cash, meaning that she did not have to worry about being tracked in the slightest. Ophelia grabbed a pack of wipes from her bag and began wiping away the grime that covered her face so no one would find her suspicious. She also took the time to wipe the dirt and dust that covered Spencer's face. As she carefully dragged the wipe across his skin, she heard him giggling like a child. Though she should not feel such sympathy for someone she was holding captive, his laughter sounded like music to her ears. She looked down at him and saw that he seemed extremely calm, something about her cleaning his face must have brought him comfort because his eyes were drifting closed and the smile on his face softened. By the time she had finished cleaning his face and neck, she felt almost guilty for having to wake him up, but his clothes were extremely dirty and had to be changed quickly.

She untied his hands and lifted his back from the seat gently before slipping his jacket off of his arms. When she went to unbutton his shirt, however, she hesitated. Ophelia spent her whole life preaching the importance of consent and care, so she could not remove someone's shirt while they were unconscious, it simply went against her beliefs... even if these were the same beliefs that permitted the killing of abusive men.

Ophelia raised her hand to his shoulder and shook him until his eyes opened once more.

"Hey, can you get undressed really quickly? You need to change," she paused to think of a good lie, "I don't want you to get my car seats dirty."

Spencer looked at her with a puzzled expression consistent with a foggy mind and agreed. He removed his shirt and pants with ease and handed them to Ophelia, "Do you have something else for me to wear? It's kind of cold here."

It was the middle of December and they were in the mountains so Spencer's grievance made sense, but Ophelia secretly did not want him to put a shirt back on, "Yeah, sorry. Here's some sweatpants and a T-shirt."

Ophelia pushed the clothes into his hands and shut the door quickly. When she got around to the driver's side, Spencer was already dressed again. She leaned over to buckle his seatbelt and slid a cable tie around his wrists to restrain him, just in case. Spencer looked up at her with doe eyes and seemed upset, possibly even betrayed, but he said nothing.

They drove in silence, leaving the metropolis of Los Angeles. As they approached San Bernardino, south of where they had been, Ophelia stopped to get some gasoline. She chose the gas station solely because it was old, run-down, and did not have any security cameras. While she was not planning on doing anything explicitly illegal there, she was fully aware that holding an FBI agent captive was frowned upon by the government and did not want to give herself up just yet.

She got back into the car, this time turning on the radio to ease her nerves, and got prepared to drive for another six and a half hours. Spencer slept most of the time and though she knew it probably was not a great idea since he likely had a concussion, she could not really do anything about it. Whenever he was not sleeping though, he looked up at the sky and quietly counted the clouds.

Ophelia appreciated the scenery surrounding them, taking in the orange landscape and blue sky. She never really had the opportunity to go on a road trip as a child and this escape plan of hers almost felt like one. Driving was an easy task for Ophelia and she always thoroughly enjoyed it, but it did surprise her how nice it felt to drive when no one was honking at her or rushing to get somewhere.

By the time they reached Ophelia's safe house in Sedona, the sky was already setting. It was probably the most beautiful thing Ophelia had ever seen, the purples, pinks, and oranges mixed together to form the most surreal scene she had ever witnessed. The setting was serene and she hoped all of her free nights could feel like this.

The safe house had been built three years ago under the radar. She knew a few people in the construction business who owed her some favors and since she was versed in civil engineering as well, she did not even need to hire anyone to design the house's floor plan. It had been left unused since they finished construction, but she still made sure that someone went over to clean the house once a month. Hopefully, when they went in, it would not be covered in dust.

Ophelia stopped her car outside of the large, brown building. It looked like any other Arizona home, but it had a few little secrets of its own. She got out and jogged over to the passenger's side, hauling Reid out of the car. Despite him being slightly more conscious now, he still did not resist any of Ophelia's actions.

They walked into the house which was luckily just as clean as she had hoped and went down the stairs to the basement which had cost her a lot of extra money to build. Down there, there was a medium-sized isolation chamber, resembling the design of a solitary confinement cell. She let Spencer inside of the chamber and closed the door while she searched for a pair of scissors to remove the zip tie around his wrists. Unfortunately, an unused house does not come with a lot of things in it, so she had to make do with a letter opener she found in a drawer.

She opened the cell and beckoned for Reid to come to the door, he did so eagerly and she cut off the tie. Ophelia immediately shut the door, slightly afraid that he would attempt an escape. On the wall next to the door there was a little intercom which she used to speak to him, "Hey, FBI guy, go to sleep, it's been a long day and you'll need your energy tomorrow."

"What's happening tomorrow?" Spencer asked innocently, but Ophelia thought it best not to respond so she walked upstairs in silence, leaving Spencer alone in the dark.

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ct-rfantennas · 6 years ago

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C&T RF Antennas Inc - Outdoor N-type fiberglass outdoor waterproof Antenna with RG58 cable extension pigtail

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buziness101 · 3 years ago

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Reach Anyone Around the World Through Wireless Communication

Communication is very important in whatever things we do. It helps us understand better and be updated of each and everyone's activity. With the evolution of communication thru wireless, it becomes a lot easier for us to reach anyone everywhere. Wireless communication is a transmission of information over a distance through wireless technology such as radio frequency, microwave, and other types of electromagnetic waves with the help of cables or fibers optics to transmit signals.

Features of Wireless Communication

a. It can transmit signal from a distance or few meters away like radio communication

b. It is used and very relevant today which is access to internet and cellular communication

c. It is also used in applications such as radio technology which has GPS units, wireless mouse and keyboards, headphones, satellites, and broadcast television and many more.

Types of Wireless Communication

1. Satellite Communication - from the word itself, communication is made possible by people everywhere through satellite. It enables to make the signal possible from one location to any distant country.

2. Infrared Communication - this is everywhere, Infrared transmits information with the use of invisible light which are the electromagnetic spectrum.

3. Broadcast Radio - this is very known, specially to early 90's where radio is the first kind of wireless form of communication. It uses radio waves to transfer information from across other location.

4. Microwave Communication - this has two types which are satellite microwave and terrestrial microwave.

* Satellite microwave it is much likely similar to satellite communication however this one use microwave and send signal to a long distance with the help of satellite. But when times like bad weather occurs it can block some signal due to atmospheric disturbances.

* Terrestrial microwave communication - this is used for a short distance where you can just connect two antennas to receive signal.

5. Wi-Fi - this is now what we commonly used; we acquire signal through the help of wireless network. It uses routers to get connection by providing password for a secure connection.

6. Mobile Communication System - our mobile phones now are wireless communication that are widely accessible to everyone. It is pretty the same with Wi-Fi that it uses wireless network but through our mobile devices like smartphones.

7. Bluetooth Technology - this enables transfer of files and data with the used of Bluetooth which is one of the features on your devices. It can only allow a shorter distance to another devices and its connection can be interrupted by walls and blocking objects.

Advantages of Wireless Communication

* It is very cost effective

* It helps you to be flexible

* It is very convenient

* It has ease of access

* It allows you to have a consistent connectivity

Wireless communication transform how we connect with other people. It allows us to reach them wherever they are through the help of this technology. Read our blogs by visiting https://www.nextelle.us to know more.

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estimote · 3 years ago

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Apple U1 API is finally open and our new UWB Beacons are compatible

Finally, smartphones can be really smart. The little computer in our pockets could connect to a server on the other side of the world, but it didn't really know much about our surroundings or the context we were in...

That reality changed in 2013 when Apple released iOS7 and opened up the Core Location API. This allowed iPhones to detect the presence of low power Bluetooth beacons. Developers using APIs from Apple could estimate their signal strength and approximate proximity with an accuracy of 1 - 3m. It worked great indoors where GPS signals weren't available.

Estimote was the first company to release iBeacon-compatible devices back in 2013. Our iconic Bluetooth beacons and SDKs allowed thousands of developers to enhance their mobile apps with micro-location features.

Now, in August 2021, Apple released their new mobile operating system – iOS15 – and opened the Nearby Interactions API.

It allows iPhones to talk to nearby UWB beacons and compute distance with inch-level precision. In addition to distance, this API can also tell the direction/angle where the beacon is installed relative to the phone. This is a superior upgrade to location technologies embedded into modern phones and will create another wave of innovation.

UWB BEACONS & IOS SDK

And here we are again. We are the first company on the market to release UWB beacons by updating our iconic Proximity Beacons with a state-of-the-art UWB radio that is compatible with the Ultra Wideband U1-chip installed in Apple devices.

We are shipping them alongside an iOS Demo Application and an iOS SDK available on GitHub.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Our new UWB Proximity Beacons, in addition to BLE radio, are equipped with a UWB chip and antenna. They run firmware compatible with the specification from FiRa Consortium. It's the same UWB communication standard Apple implemented in their U1-enabled devices to make them interoperable with other UWB devices. The protocol uses a combination of Bluetooth and UWB to provide precise location/angle. When a mobile app using our SDK or a native Nearby Interactions API wants to get distance estimation, it first uses Bluetooth to detect nearby devices. Once Bluetooth communication is established, both the beacon’s UWB radio and the smartphone’s UWB modules wake up. The devices send radio signals to each other and compute very precise distance estimation. As there are multiple UWB antennas embedded into the phone, software can also determine which angle the UWB signals are coming from.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN UWB AND BLE?

Both these wireless communication technologies are low-power and short-range and both are supported by modern smartphones. The main difference when it comes to location technology is the technique used to estimate the distance between the beacon and the phone.

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) With Bluetooth, the longer the distance from the beacon, the weaker the signal received by 2.4GHz radio (RSSI) is. Based on that signal strength received by the phone, the mobile SDK can compute approximate distance with 1-5m precision, depending on the venue.

Ultra Wideband (UWB)

With UWB, the distance estimation technique is based on time of flight measurements. UWB Beacon and the phone talk to each other sending 3-6 GHz radio signals back and forth. Both the beacon and the phone measure precise time duration of that back-and-forth communication. Multiplying it by the speed of light (also the speed of radio waves), the SDK can very precisely compute distance estimations with an average accuracy of 10 cm (4 inches).

WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS?

One obvious application is the ability for a phone to search for lost items that are in range, but which location we don't precisely know. Apple showcased this use-case with their FindMy app and AirTags launched in early 2021.

Another application is related to the superior security UWB communication provides. The only way to ensure that you are in front of your own car or apartment is to really be there physically. Because of the time of flight physics, it's not possible to fake that signal and pretend you are in the car. This prevents “relay attacks” possible with other radio technologies. This "proof-of-presence" technology is already used for keyless car applications.

GET YOUR UWB DEV KIT TODAY

Other use-cases depend on you – developers with lots of great ideas about how to make your mobile apps more spatially aware, delivering magical experiences.

Start contributing to the contextual computing era and buy your UWB Dev Kit with 3 UWB Proximity Beacons for $99 + shipping directly on our website. Dev Kits are already shipping.

--- This blogpost was updated February 2022

#uwb #ultra wideband #ios15 #u1 chip #estimote #beacons

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nasa · 7 years ago

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A Hitchhiker’s Ride to Space

This month, we are set to launch the latest weather satellite from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The Joint Polar Satellite System-1, or JPSS-1, satellite will provide essential data for timely and accurate weather forecasts and for tracking environmental events such as forest fires and droughts.

Image Credit: Ball Aerospace

JPSS-1 is the primary satellite launching, but four tiny satellites will also be hitchhiking a ride into Earth orbit. These shoebox-sized satellites (part of our CubeSat Launch Initiative) were developed in partnership with university students and used for education, research and development. Here are 4 reasons why MiRaTA, one of the hitchhikers, is particularly interesting…

Miniaturized Weather Satellite Technology

The Microwave Radiometer Technology Acceleration (MiRaTA) CubeSat is set to orbit the Earth to prove that a small satellite can advance the technology necessary to reduce the cost and size of future weather satellites. At less than 10 pounds, these nanosatellites are faster and more cost-effective to build and launch since they have been constructed by Principal Investigator Kerri Cahoy’s students at MIT Lincoln Laboratory (with lots of help). There’s even a chance it could be put into operation with forecasters.

The Antenna? It’s a Measuring Tape

That long skinny piece coming out of the bottom right side under MiRaTA’s solar panel? That’s a measuring tape. It’s doubling as a communications antenna. MiRaTA will measure temperature, water vapor and cloud ice in Earth’s atmosphere. These measurements are used to track major storms, including hurricanes, as well as everyday weather. If this test flight is successful, the new, smaller technology will likely be incorporated into future weather satellites – part of our national infrastructure.

Tiny Package Packing a Punch MiRaTA will also test a new technique using radio signals received from GPS satellites in a higher orbit. They will be used to measure the temperature of the same volume of atmosphere that the radiometer is viewing. The GPS satellite measurement can then be used for calibrating the radiometer. “In physics class, you learn that a pencil submerged in water looks like it’s broken in half because light bends differently in the water than in the air,” Principal Investigator Kerri Cahoy said. “Radio waves are like light in that they refract when they go through changing densities of air, and we can use the magnitude of the refraction to calculate the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere with near-perfect accuracy and use this to calibrate a radiometer.”

What’s Next?

In the best-case scenario, three weeks after launch MiRaTA will be fully operational, and within three months the team will have obtained enough data to study if this technology concept is working. The big goal for the mission—declaring the technology demonstration a success—would be confirmed a bit farther down the road, at least half a year away, following the data analysis. If MiRaTA’s technology validation is successful, Cahoy said she envisions an eventual constellation of these CubeSats orbiting the entire Earth, taking snapshots of the atmosphere and weather every 15 minutes—frequent enough to track storms, from blizzards to hurricanes, in real time.

Learn more about MiRaTA

Watch the launch!

The mission is scheduled to launch this month (no sooner than Nov. 14), with JPSS-1 atop a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Delta II rocket lifting off from Space Launch Complex 2 at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. You’ll be able to watch on NASA TV or at nasa.gov/live.

Watch the launch live HERE on Nov. 14, liftoff is scheduled for Tuesday, 4:47 a.m.!

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.

#nasa #cubesats #space #launch #satellites #weather #mirata #jpss #liftoff #gps

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linhgd9 · 3 years ago

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Mobile Phone Antenna Sales Market (2021-2027) | Potential Growth, Investment for Long-Term Profit

The research report published by RMoz on the Mobile Phone Antenna Sales market provides a detailed overview of the demands and consumptions of various products/services associated with the growth dynamics of the market during the forecast period 2019 – 2027. Global Mobile Phone Antenna Sales Market is analysed considering industry experts, to assist provide clarity required to make informed business decisions. This research will help both established and new entrants to spot and analyse the market need, market size and competition. It explains supply and demand situation, competitive scenario, challenges to market growth, market opportunities and threats faced by the key vendors.

The report also makes a meticulous assessment of how Covid-19 has changed the way business is done and how it is going to change the dynamics of the market in the post-Covid-19 era. Government imposed lockdowns and social distancing norms have left a negative / positive impact on the global Mobile Phone Antenna Sales market.

Request FREE Sample with Complete TOC, Figures & Graphs @https://www.researchmoz.us/enquiry.php?type=S&repid=3152068

The Major Key Players Profiled In This Report Include: Amphenol, Pulse, Molex, Skycross, Galtronics, Sunway, Speed, JESONcom, Auden, Deman, Ethertronics, Sky-wave, 3gtx, Southstar, Luxshare Precision

This study on the global Mobile Phone Antenna Sales market is a data-driven insight into its key evolution trajectories and scrutiny of the current and emerging avenues in the various segments. The report authors have offered a comprehensive assessment of the various growth dynamics during the historical period of 2015 – 2019. The market intelligence report strives to present an all-round insight into the trends and opportunities in the Mobile Phone Antenna Sales market. In doing so, the analysts have discussed at length the major aspects such as forces of competition, buyers’ behavior and their bargaining power, changing technological landscape, government regulations and policies. The global revenues in Mobile Phone Antenna Sales market are projected to garner a CAGR of xx.yy% from during 2019 to 2027 and reach a worth of ~US$ xx Mn/Bn by 2027-end.

This report explores the different regions and the trends associated with a particular region. The report has all the information required for a perfect geographical information landscape. The prominent regions covered in this report are:

* North America: U.S., Canada, Mexico * South America: Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Costa Rica * Europe: U.K., Germany, Italy, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Denmark * APAC: China, Japan, Australia, South Korea, India, Taiwan, Malaysia, Hong Kong * Middle East and Africa: Israel, South Africa, Saudi Arabia

The application analysis offers critical insights related to the consumption volume of the Mobile Phone Antenna Sales for different applications. Applications of the Mobile Phone Antenna Sales include:

Main Antenna

Bluetooth Antenna

WIFI Antenna

GPS Antenna

NFC Antenna

Others

The product adoption patterns of various products segmented in the Mobile Phone Antenna Sales market are analyzed in detail in the well-researched market study. The different products include:

Stamping Antenna

FPC Antenna

LDS Antenna

LCP Antenna

Have Any Query? Ask to Our Industry Expert @https://www.researchmoz.us/enquiry.php?type=E&repid=3152068

Some Points from Table of Content

Global Mobile Phone Antenna Sales Market 2021 by Company, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2026

Chapter 1 Market Overview

Chapter 2 Manufacturers Profiles

Chapter 3 Mobile Phone Antenna Sales Sales by Manufacturer

Chapter 4 Market Analysis by Region

Chapter 5 Market Segment by Type

Chapter 6 Market Segment by Application

Chapter 7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application

Chapter 8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application

Chapter 9 Asia-Pacific by Country, by Type, and by Application

Chapter 10 South America by Country, by Type, and by Application

Chapter 11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application

Chapter 12 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers

Chapter 13 Research Findings and Conclusion

Chapter 14 Appendix

Grab Maximum Discount on Mobile Phone Antenna Sales Market Research Report [Single User | Multi User | Corporate Users] @https://www.researchmoz.us/enquiry.php?type=D&repid=3152068

For More Information Kindly Contact: ResearchMoz 90 State Street, Albany NY, United States – 12207 Tel: +1-518-621-2074 USA-Canada Toll Free: 866-997-4948 Email: [email protected] Follow us on LinkedIn @ http://bit.ly/1TBmnVG Media Release: https://www.researchmoz.us/pressrelease Follow me on : https://pranrmoz.blogspot.com/

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littlecat0520 · 4 years ago

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Touch Screen Technology Application and Classification

With the development of computer technology, the input method of the computer has gone from the original paper tape input to the keyboard input, to the mouse input, and then to the touch input, which has gone through four stages. This process is a process from professional to popularization. Touch screen technology allows more people to use the computer.

A touch screen is an interactive input device. The user only needs to touch a certain position on the screen with a finger or a light pen to control the operation of the computer. Therefore, the touch screen technology has the characteristics of simple operation and flexible use.

Touch screen is also called touch panel. When the graphic buttons on the screen are touched, the haptic feedback system on the screen can drive various linking devices according to a pre-programmed program, which can be used to replace the mechanical button panel and create a dynamic audio-visual effect by the LCD. Simply put, it is an inductive display device that can be connected to input signals such as contacts.

The application scenarios and terminals of touch screens are very extensive, and they can be divided into 7 categories from the perspective of scene types:

Type 1: Portable Equipment

Including Mobile phone, Pocket PC, E-book, Web Pad, Translator, Tablet PC, etc.

Type 2: Public Information Equipment

Including ATM, Public Inquiry Machine (Kiosk), Ticket Vending Machine, Digital Photo Printing System, etc.

Type 3: Communication Equipment

Including Video Phone, SmartPhone, Internet TV, Set-top box, GPS, etc.

Type 4: Office Automation Equipment

Including Copier, Punch Card Machine, Word Processor, Electronic Touch Whiteboard, etc.

Type 5: Information Collection Equipment

Including POI, POS Information Inquiry Machine, etc.

Type 6: Information Appliances

Including Refrigerator, Microwave, Coffee Maker, Washing Machine, LCD TV, etc.

Type 7: Entertainment Devices

Including Gaming Machine, Gambling Machine, Slot machine, Roulette machine, etc.

According to the type of sensor, touch screens are roughly divided into five types: infrared, resistive, surface acoustic wave(SAW), capacitive touch screens, and electromagnetic touch screens.

Infrared technology touch screens are inexpensive, but the outer frame is fragile, which is prone to light interference and distortion in curved surfaces. The design of capacitive technology touch screens is reasonable, but it is difficult to solve the problem of image distortion. The positioning of resistive technology touch screens is accurate, but its The price is quite high, and it is afraid of scratching; the surface acoustic wave touch screen solves the various defects of the previous touch screen, and it is not easy to be damaged. It is suitable for various occasions. The disadvantage is that if there are water droplets and dust on the screen surface, the touch screen will become dull It doesn't even work; electromagnetic technology touch requires a professional stylus, which is inconvenient to use.

1.Infrared touch screen

The principle of the infrared touch screen is very simple, just add the frame frame of the light spot distance on the display, without adding a coating or connecting the controller to the surface of the screen. Infrared emitting tubes and receiving tubes are arranged on the four sides of the frame from the light spot to form an infrared network on the screen surface. When the user touches a certain point on the screen with his finger, the two infrared rays passing through the position are blocked, and the computer can immediately calculate the position of the touched point. Because the infrared touch screen is not affected by current, voltage and static electricity, it is suitable for some harsh environmental conditions. Its main advantages are low cost, easy installation, no need for cards or any other controllers, and it can be used on computers of all grades. However, since the frame is only added to the ordinary screen, the infrared emitting tube and the receiving tube around the frame are easily damaged during use.

2.Resistive touch screen

The surface touched by the finger is a hard coating to protect the underlying PET layer. The PET layer is a thin elastic PET film that bends downward when the surface is touched, and allows the two underlying ITO coatings to contact each other and connect the circuit at that point. Between the two ITO layers is a separation fulcrum about one thousandth of an inch thick that separates the two layers. At the bottom is a transparent hard bottom layer to support the above structure, usually glass or plastic.

3.Surface Acoustic Wave(SAW) touch screen

A surface acoustic wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the surface of a medium. The touch screen is composed of a touch screen, a sound wave generator, a reflector and a sound wave receiver. The sound wave generator can send a high frequency sound wave across the surface of the screen. When a finger touches the screen, the sound wave on the contact point is blocked Determine the coordinate position. The surface acoustic wave touch screen is not affected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. It has extremely high resolution, excellent scratch resistance, and long life (50 million times without failure); high light transmittance (92%), which can maintain clear and translucent Image quality; no drift, only need to be corrected once during installation; there is a third axis (ie pressure axis) response, which is most suitable for use in public places.

4.Electromagnetic touch screen

The basic principle of the electromagnetic induction touch screen is to judge by the magnetic field generated by the sensor under the panel during the operation of the electromagnetic pen. The electromagnetic pen is the signal transmitter, and the antenna board is the signal receiver. When a change occurs, the position point is defined by the operation.

5.Capacitive touch screen

Capacitive touch screens are divided into surface capacitive touch screens and projected capacitive touch screens.

(1) Surface Capacitive Technology:

The surface capacitive touch screen uses only a single layer of ITO, and long and narrow electrodes are plated on all four sides of the touch screen to form a low-voltage AC electric field within the conductor. When a finger touches the screen surface, a coupling capacitance is formed between the finger and the conductor layer, and a certain amount of charge is transferred to the human body. In order to recover these charge losses, the charge is replenished from the four corners of the screen, and the amount of charge replenished in all directions is proportional to the distance of the touch point, from which we can calculate the position of the touch point.

(2) Projected Capacitive Technology：

Compared with surface capacitive touch screens, projected capacitive touch screens can penetrate a thicker cover layer and do not require correction. Inductive capacitive etching of different ITO modules on two layers of ITO coating requires consideration of factors such as the total impedance of the module, the impedance of the connecting line between the modules, and the parasitic capacitance generated at the intersection of the two layers of ITO modules.

Which of the five touch screens do you like best? And which one is the best choice?Please follow our next article to learn more!

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agilenano · 4 years ago

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Agilenano - News: The $50 Ham: WSPR-ing Around the World

Everybody has a bucket list, things to be accomplished before the day we eventually wake up on the wrong side of the grass. Many bucket-list items are far more aspirational than realistic; very few of us with “A trip to space” on our lists are going to live to see that fulfilled. And even the more realistic goals, like the trip to Antarctica that’s been on my list for ages, become less and less likely as your life circumstances change — my wife hates the cold. Luckily, instead of going to Antarctica by myself — and really, what fun would that be? — I’ve recently been getting some of the satisfaction of world travel through amateur radio. The last installment of “The $50 Ham” highlighted weak-signal digital modes using WSJT-X; in that article, I mentioned a little about the Weak Signal Propagation Reporter, or WSPR. It’s that mode that let me test what’s possible with very low-power transmissions, and allowed me to virtually visit six continents including Antarctica and Sweden-by-way-of-Alaska. Whispers in the Noise Ask a random amateur radio operator what’s on his or her mind at any given moment and chances are pretty good the answer will be, “How are the bands right now?” That’s shorthand for what the current state of the ionosphere is, which largely determines how well RF signals will bounce off the various layers of charged particles that wrap around the planet. These layers shift and move in diurnal cycles, and undergo longer-term cycles of strengthening and weakening that depend on the cycles of magnetic activity on the Sun. Assessing the state of the ionosphere and finding out which bands have a path to which points on the globe used to be something that hams had to do by spinning the dial and listening for beacon stations. Beacons are stations that transmit a generally low-power signal from a fixed, know location on a regular schedule. If you can hear the beacon, chances are good that you’ve got a propagation path between you and the general area of the beacon on that frequency. While beacons are useful, they have their limits. They depend on the kindness of strangers, who devote resources to running and maintaining the beacon station. Beacons are also subject to occasional maintenance outages, so not hearing a beacon you expect does not necessarily mean that you don’t have a path between two points. But perhaps the most limiting aspect of traditional beacons is that they operate on a pull model — you have to sit down at your radio and intentionally tune into the beacon’s frequency and decode what you hear — beacons almost always use continuous wave (CW) mode with Morse code. Add to that the fact that whatever you learn about the propagation paths available to you stays pretty much within your shack, and beacons have limited utility. WSPR signal by Louis Taber, CC BY-SA 4.0 With those limitations in mind, Joe Taylor (K1JT) began working on a digital mode in 2008 specifically for exploring propagation paths. The protocol was dubbed WSPR, which of course everyone pronounces as “whisper,” which given its capabilities is an apt name indeed. WSPR is a digital mode that employs special digital signal processing algorithms to decode signals with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of -28 dBm in a bandwidth of 2,500 Hz. When transmitting, WSPR sends a compressed 50-bit message that encodes the station’s callsign, the grid location, and the transmitter power. The message is modulated using frequency-shift keying at a very low bit rate — less than 1.5 baud. This means an entire message with error correction takes almost two full minutes to send. Transmissions are synchronized by the WSPR software to begin one second into each even-numbered minute, making accurate time synchronization essential. Propagation Made Visual The shape of things to come — east coast stations are hitting Antarctica on 20 meters, which means I might too in a few hours when the Sun sets over my QTH. As cool as the WSPR protocol is, the magic of WSPR comes from the “R” part of its name: reporting. This is where WSPR closes the loop that traditional beacons leave open, since WSPR client software can be configured to log any WSPR signals received and decoded by a station to a central database. WSPRnet.org is the place where all the reports go; the site contains a searchable database of all “spots” reported as well as a map that shows current contacts by many, many stations. The map on WSPRnet is admittedly a bit janky — it’s based on Google Maps, and an error dialog pops up every time you load a new view. There are other visualizations, though, but even with the issues, WSPRnet’s map is a great way to see what propagation paths may be available to you at the current time. For example, I took a quick peek at the 20-m band just now and found that from my area, I’ve got solid paths to pretty much all of North America. More importantly, I can see that I have no paths into Europe or Asia, and very little to the south into Central and South America. But, by looking at what’s going on with paths on the east coast of the US, where the sun is currently setting and which are actively reaching several stations in and just offshore of Antarctica, I might have a path to the bottom of the planet coming up as the sun sets over me. Doing My Part As I mentioned in my first weak-signals article, I’ve currently got WSJT-X running on a Raspberry Pi 4 that I have dedicated to ham radio use. WSJT-X has a built-in WSPR mode, which makes it easy to switch back and forth between exploring possible propagation paths with WSPR and exploiting that information to make actual QSOs using FT8 or one of the other supported modes. The beauty of using WSJT-X for WSPR work is that it’s basically completely automated. Depending on how you set it up, you can either be a dedicated WSPR receiving and reporting station, or you can choose to also transmit. When I’m going to be in the shack / office, which is almost always, I set up WSJT-X to transmit on WSPR with a 20% duty cycle — that is, one out of every five two-minute blocks will be dedicated to transmitting. That way, I can do my part contributing to the WSPR map — there generally aren’t many WSPR beacons operating in my part of North Idaho, so I figure this is my way of pitching in. Plus, I get the occasional bonus of nabbing a cool contact, like the aforementioned hit on DP0GVN-1, a German research vessel parked off the coast of Antarctica that I reached on the 30-m band using just five watts. Sweden, By Way of Alaska As cool as it is to know you’ve made a solid contact over a path of about 10,000 km on less power than it takes to run an LED light bulb, there’s also a lot to be said for the unusual stations you receive when you leave your WSPR station running. Case in point: the other day I glanced up at WSJT-X and noticed a strange callsign, SA6BSS. After a while of looking at callsigns you get to know which general areas they come from, and I suspected this was a “rare DX” coming from Europe, which is really hard for me to hit with my antenna from the inland Pacific Northwest. A quick lookup on QRZ.com confirmed that SA6BSS is a ham named Mikael Dagman, based in southern Sweden — cool! I quickly spun up the WSPRnet map and was surprised to see that Mikael’s station was reporting its position as coming from Alaska rather than Sweden. I zoomed in the map a little and found that the signal was coming from a grid hundreds of kilometers south of Unalaska Island in the Aleutians. What in the world would a Swedish ham be doing in the North Pacific in February? I shot Mikael a quick email about the contact, and he confirmed that I had indeed received a correct position report from his WSPR station, currently floating around the world on a party balloon! Since he released the balloon on Feb 23, it has traveled at around 11,000 meters altitude from Sweden to the Middle East, across Asia, and over the Pacific to just off the coast of Oregon. There it took a hook and headed back out to sea; as I write this it’s heading roughly in the direction of Hawaii. Literally WSPR-ing around the world — at least halfway so far. SA6BSS launched a balloon carrying a WSPR transmitter on Feb 23 that crossed the Pacific; I copied it when it was south of the Aleutians. Mikael was kind enough to include a little information on the WSPR transmitter he included on his balloon, which is completely solar-powered and weighs in at only 2.6 grams. The spareness of his design is almost comical — it’s just a GPS module, an ATMega328, and an Si5351 for the transmitter. It’s a perfect example of what can be done on a budget, which is right in line with “The $50 Ham” concept. So naturally, building a lightweight, inexpensive WSPR beacon will be the basis of the next installment in this series. #JoeTaylor #WSJT-X #Propagation #The$50Ham #WeakSignal

Agilenano - News from Agilenano from shopsnetwork (4 sites) http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Agilenano-News/~3/71GKKpe0ScU/the-50-ham-wspr-ing-around-the-world

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svsembedded · 4 years ago

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Telegram App Controlled Home Automation Using ESP32 | IOT

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Telegram App Controlled Home Automation Using ESP32 | IOT ,Telegram controlled Home Automation using NodeMCU | Google home esp32. ****************************************************************** If You Want To Purchase the Full Project or Software Code Mail Us: [email protected] Title Name Along With You-Tube Video Link Project Changes also Made according to Student Requirements http://svsembedded.com/ è https://www.svskits.in/ M1: +91 9491535690 è M2: +91 7842358459 ****************************************************************** 1. Telegram controlled Home Automation using ESP32, 2. Home Automation using Telegram Application , 3. IOT DIY Home Automation Arduino - Using Telegram, 4. How to Set Up Home Automation Through the Telegram, 5. Home Automation using Telegram IOT, 6. DIY Home Automation Arduino - Using Telegram, 7. Controlling Electrical Appliances Through Telegram Message, 8. Alcohol Sensing Alert System with IoT and Telegram App Using ESP32, 9. ESP8266 and Telegram Bot: Home Automation, 10. Home Automation using Telegram IOT – svsembedded, 11. How to Set Up Home Automation Through the Telegram , 12. Home Automation using Telegram – ResearchGate, 13. Controlling LED using ESP8266 and Telegram Bot - IoT Project, 14. Build a Bot to Communicate With Your Smart Home Over, 15. Control Home appliance by Telegram app using Raspberry Pi, 16. REALIZATION OF A LOW COST SMART HOME SYSTEM , 17. Webpage And Telegram Bot Controlled Home Automation, 18. Home automation with Telegram BOT | Raspberry PI Projects, 19. Raspberry Pi and Telegram Based Simple Home Automation, 20. Telegram: Control ESP32/ESP8266 Outputs with Arduino IDE, 21. Home Automation using Internet of things (IoT) – Simform, 22. Circuit Diagram for Telegram Controlled Home Automation, 23. Home automation using IoT and a chatbot using natural, 24. IoT Design Pro - Telegram controlled Home Automation, 25. Telegram controlled Home Automation using Arduino, 26. Wireless Home Automation System using IOT and Its Working, 27. Home Switching using IoT System via Telegram, 28. Telegram NodeMCU based Home Automation | IoT Starters, 29. Nodemcu Control Home Appliances Using Google Assistant, 30. Buy Raspberry Pi Telegram Bot, GPS Module, Flex Sensor , 31. google assistant controlled home automation - IEEE VEC, 32. Social Media Controlling Home Automation using Adafruit io and IFTTT, 33. Iot Based Web Controlled Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi, 34. Design, Implementation and Practical Evaluation of an IoT, 35. Secured Home Automation using OTP Authentication with Iot, 36. How to Start a Home Automation Company - IoT For All, 37. Home automation: Smart houses with connected products, 38. Remote Control of Home Appliances using Embedded IoT, 39. Control LED using Raspberry Pi with Telegram Bot – IoTbyHVM, 40. Home Automation With the ESP8266 Build Home Automation, 41. Development of Canny Home security system using Telegram, 42. Build A Clap- And Gesture-Controlled Robot, 43. Make A Digital Distance Meter With Arduino, 44. Decode An IR Remote For Home Automation, 45. Build A Model Of Satellite Dish Antenna Angle Controller, 46. Control Light Animations Using Android App, 47. Make Your Own Smart Wireless Biometric Lock, 48. Build GPS-Based Timer For Your Radio Set, 49. Make This Joystick-Controlled Robot, 50. Make This Joystick-Controlled Industrial Automation System, 51. Make This Noise Detector For A Noise-Free Zone, 52. Monitor Process And Graphical Trending Using MATLAB, 53. Build This IoT-Based Smart Home Controller Using Blynk, 54. Make Your Own Password Locker, 55. Measure Difficult Angles With This Digital Protractor, 56. Try Making This TFT-Based GPS Analogue Clock Using Arduino, 57. Design Your Own Digital Photo Frame, 58. Enjoy This Wireless 3D Mouse And Keyboard, 59. This IR Remote Can Control Up To Eight Devices, 60. Making This Versatile Arduino-Based Frequency Generator Is Simple, 61. Arduino Based Liquid Vending Machine, 62. Smart Water Meter To Help Control Water Wastage, 63. Basic Installation Of Access Control System, 64. ATmega328 Analogue I/O Port Expander Using I2C Bus, 65. Configure Arduino Uno As Square Wave Generator, 66. Make A Simple Capacitive Touch Keyboard With Arduino, 67. Make This Handy Zener Meter For Faster Testing, 68. OTP Based Wireless Smart Lock System

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xiaoquebanxiaoqueban · 4 years ago

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4G smart phone antenna is so bad you know

1、 At present, various mobile phone manufacturers are generally troubled by

recently, when communicating with mobile phone resources and R & D personnel of various brands, a common problem bothering us is: in the rapid development of 4G era, antenna has become a bottleneck of current handheld terminals. At present, no matter Shuo Beide and Xinwei, which have a large share in the domestic mobile phone antenna market, or some representatives of the old antenna manufacturers transforming to mobile terminals, such as taimeng (Taiwan), are facing the huge challenges brought by 4 G antennas. Let's explore what causes this technical problem.

2、 The tasks and challenges facing antennas

mobile data users around the world want their devices to be connected at high speed anywhere in the world. This expectation brings huge burden to network and equipment performance. In mobile data devices, the antenna is the only part of the "contact" network, so it is more and more important to optimize the antenna performance. However, the design of 4G antenna in smart phones and tablet computers is facing great challenges.

In China, we often say five modes and ten frequencies. It means that different operators use different standards and use different wireless frequency bands. In addition, there are Bluetooth, WiFi, radio, GPS and so on. Any contact with the outside world is inseparable from the antenna. But now in building antennas components the mobile phone flat panel is developing in the direction of light and thin, which gives the antenna less and less space.

Today, let's look at how antennas accomplish this task and challenge in the 4G era.

We know that there are many factors that affect the antenna performance of handheld mobile communication devices. Although these reasonsElements are related, but they can be divided into three categories: antenna size, mutual coupling between multiple antennas, and equipment usage model.

Antenna size depends on three elements

antenna size depends on three elements: working bandwidth, operating frequency and radiation efficiency. Today, the demand for bandwidth is higher and higher, which is driven by the FCC frequency allocation in the United States and the roaming protocol of operators all over the world; different regions use different frequency bands. "Bandwidth is directly related to antenna size" and "efficiency is directly related to antenna size" - which usually means that larger antennas can provide greater bandwidth and higher efficiency.

In addition to the bandwidth, the antenna size also depends on the operating frequency. In North America, carrier Verizon Wireless and at & T mobility choose to promote LTE, which is the abbreviation of long term evolution. LTE, also known as 3.9G, has 100Mbps data download capability, and is regarded as the mainstream technology evolving from 3G to 4G. '

the product operates in the 700MHz band, which was part of the FCC uhf-tv reallocation band a few years ago. These new bands (17704-746mhz and 13746-786mhz) are lower than the traditional cellular band (5824-894mhz) used in North America. This change is huge, because the lower the frequency, the longer the wavelength, so a longer antenna is needed to keep the radiation efficiency constant. In order to ensure the radiation effectThe antenna size must be large. However, the device system designers also need to add larger displays and more functions, so the available antenna length and overall volume are greatly limited, which reduces the antenna bandwidth and efficiency.

Interference prevention is needed for mutual coupling between antennas

the high-speed wireless protocol with mutual coupling update between antennas requires the use of MIMO (multiple input multiple output) antennas. MIMO requires multiple antennas (usually two) working at the same frequency at the same time. Therefore, multiple antennas need to be placed on the phone equipment, and these antennas should work at the same time and have no influence on each other. When two or more antennas are close together, a phenomenon called mutual coupling occurs.

For example, two antennas are placed next to each other on the mobile platform. Part of the energy radiated from antenna 1 will be intercepted by antenna 2. The intercepted energy will be lost in the terminal of antenna 2 and can not be utilized. This can be expressed by the loss of system power added efficiency (PAE). According to the principle of interchangeability, this effect is the same in both transmit and receive modes. The coupling amplitude is inversely proportional to the separation distance of the antenna. For mobile phone implementation, the distance between antennas working in the same frequency band in MIMO and diversity applications can be 1 / 10 wavelength or less. For example, the free space wavelength at 750MHz is 400mm. When the interval is very small, such as far less than one wavelength, the coupling will be very high. The energy coupling between antennas is useless and only reduces data throughput and battery life.

Device usage model affects antenna

compared with the traditional mobile phone, the device usage model affects the antenna,The use model of smartphones and tablets has changed a lot. In addition to normal operation, these devices also meet the requirements of electromagnetic wave energy absorption ratio (SAR) and hearing aid compatibility (HAC) regulations.

Another aspect of the usage model is the type of content consumed. Video intensive mobile applications such as massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) and real-time video data streams continue to drive data usage soaring. According to the CAG growth rate of 42% in 2009 for Western Europe and 42% for North America, respectively. These similar applications are driving manufacturers to produce larger, higher resolution displays. The increase of data utilization rate is also quietly changing the way consumers hold these devices. For example, for a game application, the user must hold both ends of the device with both hands, while other applications may not need to hold the device at all.

With the increase of the display screen and the change of the user's grasp mode, it is more and more difficult to find a good position for the antenna radiation unit which is not blocked by the display screen or the user's palm. In addition to these constraints, equipment manufacturers want product lines to have fewer SKUs, and developing platforms that can work anywhere in the world is the trend for such products.

In addition, some terminals use metal shell, which will also bring great challenges to the antenna signal reception.

To sum up the reasons of these aspects, this paper gives the design of mobile 4G antennaThe design and manufacture brings great challenge. How to design and manufacture smaller and stronger antennas in limited space. This requires the industry's unremitting investment. How to find balance in contradiction? We will discuss the corresponding solutions in the future.

3、 At present, the distribution of domestic wireless frequency band:

the following is the distribution table of each wireless frequency band in China:

description of domestic wireless spectrum allocation:

domestic wireless spectrum analysis (WRC-07 new allocated frequency band analysis):

about 4G antenna, more exciting, to be continued 。

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miloniod691-blog · 5 years ago

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11 Ways To Completely Ruin Your Fishing Strike Indicator

Marine Electronic devices

Autopilots The first self-steering equipment was introduced in the 1920's to control model private yachts but it was not till 1948 that the principle was related to complete range yachts. Standing at the helm for lengthy durations, keeping track of instruments as well as maintaining an excellent watch out can be very tedious. An autopilot alleviates the helmsman from steering the proper training course leaving him complimentary to maintain a correct watch. The autopilot can be set to either steer a compass program or a training course about the wind. A fluxgate compass or electronic wind sign feeds information to a microprocessor which after that makes the essential rudder activities to return the vessel to it's called for training course. The mechanical power is applied to the rudder by either electric direct activators, hydraulic pumps or rotary drives. GPS/Chart plotters can be used to input navigational guidelines to the auto-pilot.

Battery Chargers will keep batteries fully billed therefore expanding their functioning life.

Chart Plotters Typically a chart plotter contains an antenna, placed high on the watercraft, to track GPS signals and a display screen system sited either at the at the navigating station or the helm of the vessel. The vessels position is sent out from the antenna to the screen device which consequently reveals it graphically on the graph. The Chart itself will look comparable to it's paper equivalent as well as reveal depth, land mass, navigational aids such as bouys and prospective risks in the form of accidents and obstructions. The customer can include method indicate the chart as well as focus and out of the display screen. Graph plotters can be connected to drive an autopilot and/or send GPS information to a fish finder or radar. They can additionally user interface with a laptop allowing intricate passage preparing to be done away from the boat and after that became part of the graph plotter after coming to the watercraft.

Magnetic Transmitting Compasses function like traditional compasses making use of magnets to determine the vessels alignment to the planet's electromagnetic field they after that transfer the boats heading to an electronic screen. They make guiding much easier than with conventional compasses due to the fact that they show steadier headings and also do not struggle with the "lag" that occurs when making a turn. They can interface with chart plotters, autopilots and radar. Fluxgate Compasses include 2 items of easily filled magnetic material with coils wound rounded them in opposing instructions. AC current is gone through the coils as well as the product is filled in one instructions and then the various other. The planet's magnetic field affects a little the time at which saturation happens, earlier in one coil and also later in the various other. The distinction is after that determined giving an outcome symmetrical to the planet's electromagnetic field. They are exact to 0.1 of a degree. Their result can be displayed digitally to the helmsman or they can user interface with auto-pilots, chart plotters as well as radar.

Echo Sounders deal with the same principle as sonar. A transducer discharges a slim beam of light of high frequency noise. This is mirrored by any type of strong things as well as the time between transmission and also receipt of the echo is measured. The rate of sound via water is know therefore the array or distance to the sea bed can be calculated. That is after that shown in metres. Forward Looking Sonar (FLS) allows you to see the undersea dangers before you're in fact on top of them. A typical variety for a FLS is 150 metres.

An Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) is a tool created to drift free of a vessel in distress. It after that sends out a radio signal that can be detected by Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) satellites. They communicate a message to a ground terminal that subsequently can prompt a search and also rescue procedure.

youtube

Fish Finders utilize the very same innovation as sonar. A slim column of high frequency audio is transferred by a transducer, this is mirrored by solid things such as the sea bed. By developing this technology fishfinders offer displays that reveal where the fish are and also they can set apart between bait fish as well as bigger types

Gps (GPS Receivers) - This system was originally made for military functions as well as is owned as well as operated by the United States Department of Defence. 24 satellites are set up in a "coop" around the world, they are positioned as though at any type of put on the planet's surface area a straight view can be established to a minimum of 4 satellites. A repair is obtained by gauging precisely the range in between a satellite and also the GPS receiver at a specific time. Since the precise position of the satellite is understood, these distances provide position lines which are converted by a microprocessor within the GPS receiver to read outs of latitude and longitude.

The log is made use of to gauge the boats speed through the water. A paddle wheel or impeller, installed listed below the waterline is transformed by the circulation of water, this produces electrical impulses that are fed to a microprocessor that displays both speed as well as distance run.

Inverters - On a lot of watercrafts today you will certainly locate domestic equipment of one sort or another. For on board enjoyment there are tvs as well as stereo. With the popularity of chart plotters comes the PC or laptop computer. Upkeep typically needs making use of power devices. Liveaboards may have a cleaning machine, dish washer or microwave. Can take 12v, 24v or 48v supply and also transform it to a stable 110 v or 220v AC supply.

Navtex can probably best be described as a constantly updated telex service giving navigation as well as weather information within defined areas. An aboard receiver, tuned to 518kHz, the around the world Navtex frequency, if left turned on will certainly either print out or show the latest massage therapies sent from a neighborhood terminal. The solution is readily available approximately 400 miles from the coastline.

Radar allows you to see what otherwise would be unnoticeable. They offer greatest advantage in the evening and also in fog or rain and are of certain value when near shore or in hectic shipping lanes. They include an antenna as well as a display. The antenna sends out a stream of RF energy which is reflected back off hard objects. When this energy is gotten better it is converted to a signal which showed to the customer. The antenna rotates every couple of seconds, the display screen continuously computes the direction of the antenna and so an exact bearing to the target is computed. The moment is measured for the energy to be mirrored and so the distance of the target is additionally displayed.

Satellite Phones include an antenna, a modem as well as a typical phone. They are powered by an iridium battery. Their array is anywhere covered by in Inmarsat Mini-M satellite. Voice, fax, email as well as information can be sent.

Satellite TV calls for an antenna and also certainly a television. Reception is offered within a "footprint" which is based on EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of a transferring satellite. The EUTELSAT together with both ASTRA satellites cover Europe. NILESAT as well as the two ARABSATs cover Africa and also the Middle East. Good coverage is likewise readily available in North, Central and also Southern America.

SSB Radio has a variety of numerous thousand miles. You will certainly need an FFC permit, or the equal in whichever country you plan to run it. Power consumption is a factor to consider. Up to 100 Watts may be needed for transmission. SSB radio requires a number of products of equipment. A transceiver efficient in SSB operation, An antenna, this bite alarm for fishing have to be 8 metres long as well as in practice most boats make use of a backstay or shroud for the function having fitted the necessary insulators. An antenna tuner matched to the transceiver design. If you want to send out email you will certainly also need as well as radio modem and computer system.

VHF Radio The power required to transmit is marginal, good to go have the choice of transmitting on either 1 Watt or 25 Watts and also the lower power need to be utilized whenever feasible. Unlike telephones that enable you to both talk as well as hear at the same time most VHF sets need you to push a transmit switch prior to chatting. This is known as simplex. Duplex collections are available yet are a lot more costly. VHF radio waves take a trip in straight lines so the airborne must be installed as high as possible, preferably at the masthead.

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brookspzvy209 · 5 years ago

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5 Things Everyone Gets Wrong About Strike Detection For Fishing

Marine Electronic devices

Auto-pilots The first self-steering gear was introduced in the 1920's to regulate model luxury yachts however it was not up until 1948 that the concept was applied to complete range luxury yachts. Standing at the helm for prolonged periods, keeping track of instruments and maintaining an excellent look out can be really tiring. An autopilot relieves the helmsman from steering the proper program leaving him totally free to keep an appropriate watch. The autopilot can be set to either guide a compass course or a training course about the wind. A fluxgate compass or digital wind indicator feeds details to a microprocessor which after that makes the essential tail motions to return the vessel to it's needed program. The mechanical power is related to the rudder by either electric linear activators, hydraulic pumps or rotating drives. GPS/Chart plotters can be made use of to input navigational instructions to the autopilot.

Battery Chargers will keep batteries fully charged thereby prolonging their functioning life.

Chart Plotters Typically a chart plotter contains an antenna, placed high on the watercraft, to track GPS signals and a screen unit sited either at the at the navigating station or the helm of the vessel. The vessels position is sent from the antenna to the display screen unit which in turn shows it graphically on the graph. The Chart itself will certainly look comparable to it's paper comparable and also show depth, land mass, navigational aids such as bouys and prospective dangers in the form of wrecks as well as obstructions. The customer can add means indicate the chart as well as focus and also out of the screen. Graph plotters can be linked to drive an auto-pilot and/or send out GPS information to a fish finder or radar. They can likewise interface with a laptop computer enabling intricate passage intending to be done away from the watercraft and after that became part of the chart plotter after getting to the boat.

Magnetic Transmitting Compasses function like traditional compasses using magnets to establish the vessels alignment to the earth's electromagnetic field they then transfer the boats heading to a digital display screen. They make guiding simpler than with conventional compasses due to the fact that they display steadier headings and also do not suffer from the "lag" that happens when making a turn. They can user interface with graph plotters, auto-pilots and radar. Fluxgate Compasses consist of two pieces of easily filled magnetic material with coils wound rounded them in opposing instructions. Air Conditioner current is gone through the coils and the material is filled in one instructions and afterwards the various other. The earth's magnetic field influences somewhat the time at which saturation occurs, earlier in one coil as well as later in the various other. The difference is then computed giving an outcome symmetrical to the earth's magnetic field. They are precise to 0.1 of a level. Their output can be displayed digitally to the helmsman or they can interface with autopilots, graph plotters and radar.

Echo Sounders deal with the exact same principle as finder. A transducer discharges a slim beam of high frequency sound. This is reflected by any strong objects and also the time between transmission as well as receipt of the echo is measured. The rate of sound with water is recognize and so the range or distance to the sea bed can be calculated. That is then displayed in metres. Forward Looking Sonar (FLS) enables you to see the underwater dangers before you're really in addition to them. A typical range for a FLS is 150 metres.

An Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) is a tool made to drift free of a vessel in distress. It then sends a radio signal that can be spotted by Search as well as Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) satellites. They relay a message to a ground terminal that consequently can initiate a search as well as rescue procedure.

Fish Locators make use of the exact same modern technology as sonar. A slim column of high frequency audio is transferred by a transducer, this is shown by solid items such as the sea bed. By developing this technology fishfinders provide screens that show where the fish are and they can differentiate in between bait fish and also larger varieties

Gps (GPS Receivers) - This system was initially developed for army purposes and also is possessed as well as run by the United States Department of Defence. 24 satellites are set up in a "birdcage" around the world, they are placed as if at any kind of put on the planet's surface a straight line of sight can be established to a minimum of 4 satellites. A solution is obtained by gauging properly the range between a satellite as well as the GPS receiver at an accurate time. Due to the fact that the exact position of the satellite is known, these distances provide position lines which are transformed by a microprocessor within the GPS receiver to read outs of latitude and longitude.

The log is used to measure the boats rate via the water. A paddle wheel or impeller, placed listed below the waterline is transformed by the circulation of water, this generates electrical impulses that are fed to a microprocessor that presents both speed as well as range run.

Inverters - On the majority of boats today you will certainly find residential devices of one kind fishing bite indicator or one more. For aboard entertainment there are tvs and stereo systems. With the appeal of chart plotters comes the COMPUTER or laptop computer. Upkeep usually needs the use of power tools. Liveaboards may have a washing device, dishwasher or microwave. Can take 12v, 24v or 48v supply as well as transform it to a secure 110 v or 220v A/C supply.

Navtex can perhaps best be called a continuously upgraded telex solution providing navigation and also weather condition information within defined locations. An aboard receiver, tuned to 518kHz, the around the world Navtex frequency, if left switched on will certainly either publish out or display the latest massage therapies sent out from a regional terminal. The solution is offered as much as 400 miles from the coastline.

Radar allows you to see what or else would be unseen. They use greatest benefit during the night and in haze or rain and are of specific worth when near to coast or in active shipping lanes. They consist of an antenna and also a display screen. The antenna sends out a stream of RF power which is shown withdraw difficult items. When this power is recovered it is converted to a signal which displayed to the customer. The antenna rotates every couple of secs, the display continually calculates the instructions of the antenna and so an accurate bearing to the target is determined. The time is determined for the power to be shown therefore the range of the target is additionally displayed.

Satellite Phones contain an antenna, a modem and a normal mobile phone. They are powered by an iridium battery. Their array is anywhere covered by in Inmarsat Mini-M satellite. Voice, fax, e-mail and data can be transferred.

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Satellite TV calls for an antenna and naturally a television. Function is readily available within a "impact" which is based upon EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of a sending satellite. The EUTELSAT along with both ASTRA satellites cover Europe. NILESAT as well as both ARABSATs cover Africa and the Middle East. Good coverage is likewise available in North, Central as well as Southern America.

SSB Radio has a variety of numerous thousand miles. You will certainly need an FFC license, or the comparable in whichever country you prepare to operate it. Power intake is a consideration. Up to 100 Watts might be needed for transmission. SSB radio needs a number of items of tools. A transceiver capable of SSB procedure, An antenna, this must be 8 metres long as well as in practice most boats make use of a backstay or shroud for the purpose having actually fitted the needed insulators. An antenna tuner matched to the transceiver model. If you intend to send e-mail you will likewise need as well as radio modem and also computer.

VHF Radio The power needed to send is very little, all sets have the alternative of sending on either 1 Watt or 25 Watts as well as the reduced power should be made use of whenever possible. Unlike telephones that enable you to both talk and hear at the same time most VHF sets require you to press a send button before chatting. This is referred to as simplex. Duplex collections are available but are a lot more costly. VHF radio waves travel direct so the aerial must be placed as high as possible, ideally at the masthead.

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mylesprft573-blog · 5 years ago

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10 Misconceptions Your Boss Has About Bite Detection Kit For Fishing

Marine Electronics

Auto-pilots The first self-steering equipment was introduced in the 1920's to regulate model yachts yet it was not up until 1948 that the concept was put on full scale yachts. Standing at the helm for lengthy durations, checking tools as well as maintaining a good watch out can be really tedious. An autopilot alleviates the helmsman from steering the proper course leaving him free to preserve an appropriate watch. The autopilot can be readied to either guide a compass course or a training course about the wind. A fluxgate compass or digital wind indication feeds info to a microprocessor which after that makes the needed rudder motions to return the vessel to it's needed training course. The mechanical power is related to the tail by either electric straight activators, hydraulic pumps or rotary drives. GPS/Chart plotters can be utilized to input navigational instructions to the auto-pilot.

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Battery Chargers will certainly maintain batteries fully billed therefore expanding their working life.

Chart Plotters Typically a chart plotter consists of an antenna, placed high up on the boat, to track GPS signals and a display screen device sited either at the at the navigation terminal or the helm of the vessel. The vessels position is sent out from the antenna to the screen system which subsequently shows it graphically on the graph. The Chart itself will certainly look similar to it's paper comparable and reveal depth, land mass, navigational aids such as bouys and possible dangers in the form of wreckages and obstructions. The individual can include means points to the chart and zoom in and out of the screen. Graph plotters can be linked to drive an autopilot and/or send out GPS data to a fish finder or radar. They can additionally interface with a laptop computer allowing complex flow preparing to be done far from the watercraft and after that entered into the chart plotter after coming to the boat.

Magnetic Transmitting Compasses function like traditional compasses utilizing magnets to identify the vessels orientation to the planet's electromagnetic field they then transmit the watercrafts heading to a digital screen. They make guiding simpler than with conventional compasses due to the fact that they present steadier headings and do not struggle with the "lag" that happens when making a turn. They can user interface with graph plotters, auto-pilots as well as radar. Fluxgate Compasses contain two items of conveniently filled magnetic material with coils wound rounded them in opposing instructions. Air Conditioning current is passed through the coils and the material is saturated in one instructions and then the various other. The planet's magnetic field impacts slightly the time at which saturation happens, earlier in one coil and later in the other. The distinction is then computed giving a result proportional to the earth's electromagnetic field. They are precise to 0.1 of a level. Their output can be presented electronically to the helmsman or they can user interface with auto-pilots, graph plotters and radar.

Mirror Sounders work on the same principle as finder. A transducer discharges a narrow beam of light of high frequency sound. This is shown by any type of strong objects and the time between transmission as well as receipt of the resemble is determined. The rate of sound through water is know therefore the array or range to the sea bed can be calculated. That is then presented in metres. Forward Looking Sonar (FLS) enables you to see the undersea dangers prior to you're really in addition to them. A normal range for a FLS is 150 metres.

An Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) is a piece of equipment made to drift without a vessel in distress. It then sends out a radio signal that can be discovered by Search and also Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) satellites. They pass on a message to a ground station that consequently can prompt a search and also rescue procedure.

Fish Finders use the same innovation as sonar. A slim column of high frequency sound is transmitted by a transducer, this is mirrored by strong objects such as the fishing bite alarm kit sea bed. By establishing this innovation fishfinders supply display screens that show where the fish are and they can separate between bait fish and also bigger types

Global Positioning System (GPS Receivers) - This system was initially created for army purposes and also is owned and also run by the United States Department of Defence. 24 satellites are arranged in a "coop" around the world, they are positioned as though at any position on the earth's surface area a direct line of sight can be established to a minimum of 4 satellites. A repair is acquired by measuring properly the distance in between a satellite and the GPS receiver at a specific time. Because the precise position of the satellite is recognized, these distances supply position lines which are transformed by a microprocessor within the GPS receiver to read outs of latitude and longitude.

The log is utilized to measure the boats speed through the water. A paddle wheel or impeller, installed listed below the waterline is turned by the circulation of water, this generates electric impulses that are fed to a microprocessor that shows both rate and also range run.

Inverters - On most boats today you will certainly find domestic tools of one sort or an additional. For aboard entertainment there are televisions and also stereo systems. With the appeal of graph plotters comes the COMPUTER or laptop computer. Upkeep typically calls for making use of power devices. Liveaboards could have a cleaning equipment, dish washer or microwave. Can take 12v, 24v or 48v supply and also convert it to a secure 110 v or 220v AC supply.

Navtex can maybe best be described as a continuously upgraded telex service providing navigation and also weather condition information within specified areas. An on board receiver, tuned to 518kHz, the worldwide Navtex frequency, if left activated will certainly either publish out or present the latest massages sent out from a local station. The service is available as much as 400 miles from the coastline.

Radar allows you to see what or else would certainly be invisible. They use best benefit during the night as well as in fog or rain as well as are of specific worth when close to shore or in hectic shipping lanes. They consist of an antenna as well as a display screen. The antenna sends a stream of RF energy which is reflected back off hard things. When this power is gotten better it is converted to a signal which displayed to the customer. The antenna revolves every few seconds, the screen continually determines the instructions of the antenna therefore an exact bearing to the target is computed. The time is measured for the power to be shown and so the range of the target is additionally shown.

Satellite Phones contain an antenna, a modem as well as a regular mobile. They are powered by an iridium battery. Their array is anywhere covered by in Inmarsat Mini-M satellite. Voice, fax, e-mail as well as data can be sent.

Satellite TV calls for an antenna and also obviously a tv. Reception is available within a "impact" which is based on EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of a transmitting satellite. The EUTELSAT together with the two ASTRA satellites cover Europe. NILESAT and also both ARABSATs cover Africa as well as the Middle East. Excellent insurance coverage is likewise readily available in North, Central as well as Southern America.

SSB Radio has a series of numerous thousand miles. You will need an FFC permit, or the comparable in whichever country you plan to operate it. Power usage is a factor to consider. Approximately 100 Watts might be needed for transmission. SSB radio calls for numerous things of equipment. A transceiver with the ability of SSB procedure, An antenna, this should be 8 metres long and also in practice most watercrafts utilize a backstay or shroud for the function having fitted the essential insulators. An antenna receiver matched to the transceiver model. If you intend to send e-mail you will certainly additionally require and radio modem and also computer system.

VHF Radio The power called for to transmit is minimal, all sets have the option of sending on either 1 Watt or 25 Watts as well as the lower power need to be used whenever possible. Unlike telephones that permit you to both talk and listen to at the same time most VHF establishes require you to press a send switch before speaking. This is referred to as simplex. Duplex collections are offered yet are a lot more expensive. VHF radio waves take a trip in straight lines so the airborne need to be placed as high as possible, preferably at the masthead.

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