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bufomancer · 3 years ago

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Comparing Pacman Frogs, Tomato Frogs, and Chubby Frogs

Pacman frogs, tomato frogs, and chubby frogs are perhaps the three most common terrestrial frogs in captivity. At just about any pet store or reptile expo you’re bound to find at least one of these delightful little fellows. While they’re relatively similar to each other, they’re not identical, and their ideal care in captivity will look somewhat different. Today we’ll be going through some of the main points regarding their care and comparing and contrasting the three species!

This is NOT a care guide, just a brief overview of some of the similarities and differences between these frogs and how that will influence their optimal care as pets. It is critical to do in depth research prior to acquiring your new pet. Additionally, “pacman frog” can refer to any of 8 different species in the genus Ceratophrys as well as any hybrids thereof. In this article we will only be talking about the one most common in captivity, Ceratophrys cranwelli. While their congeners share many similarities, their care is not identical and they should not be treated as interchangeable.

Lastly, please do not share the above graphic without the included written text here, and please attribute myself as the author, as well as the photographers of the frog images.

With that out of the way, let’s get into the details.

Cranwell’s Pacman Frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli)

Pacman frogs are native to the Gran Chaco region of South America, a hot, semi-arid expanse of land containing forests, wetlands, and savannas. During periods of extreme temperature or dryness, pacman frogs burrow into the soil and encase themselves in a thick protective layer of skin until conditions are more suitable. During the day they are often found partially buried with their heads exposed. They are ambush hunters and will find a place where they can both find prey and hide from predators. Insects will walk right past the motionless frogs, unaware that they are being watched- until they strike. They are nocturnal and primarily active at night. During this time they may move to find water, or a better place to settle in the morning. When it is breeding season they gather in temporary pools of water to seek out mates and lay eggs.

Pacman frogs are generalists, eating anything they can get their huge mouths on. Invertebrates, other amphibians, reptiles, and small rodents are most common but even crabs have been found on occasion in the stomach or gut of a wild specimen. They are solitary and cannibalistic, and must be kept singly in terraria. Otherwise, you’ll quickly end up with just one pacman frog anyways, especially if there is a notable size difference. Female pacman frogs have no qualms about attacking males whom they do not want to mate with, though this species is not difficult to breed in captivity with the right seasonal cycling and a little effort. Their powerful bites can draw blood, so be careful during feeding and handling.

The ideal terrarium for a pacman frog has a deep layer of substrate for burrowing into, mixed to mimic the sandy soils of their native habitat. A large water dish is very important, large enough for your frog to soak its entire body in. While you want a few plants (live or fake), they do not require a thick jungle. It is good to provide a hide or two for them, but typically they will burrow into the soil with their heads sticking out instead. A halogen bulb is best for daytime heat; they typically require no additional heating at night. It is also key to provide UVB in the Ferguson Zone 1 range. Many issues with frogs burrowing constantly are resolved when proper lighting is provided, encouraging their natural cryptic basking behaviors. Be sure that there is room for your frog to choose between full exposure, partial exposure, and zero exposure to the lights.

A male pacman frog grows to roughly 3-3.5 inches, whereas a female can grow to 5-6. Males may be kept in an enclosure with a minimum of 360 square inches of floorspace, such as a 20 gallon long terrarium. Females should be kept in an enclosure with a minimum of 650 square inches of floorspace, such as a 40 gallon breeder terrarium. Height is not very important except to provide a deep substrate and safe distance from lights. Your frog may use minor climbing opportunities such as rocks, the tops of hides, and broad branches, but they’re certainly not tree frogs.

Pacman frogs can live 10-15 years in captivity.

Tomato Frog (Dyscophus guineti)

Tomato frogs are endemic to Madagascar, in swamps and moist forests. Their red, orange, yellow, and brown coloration blends in with fallen leaves. Captive bred specimens are generally selected for the boldest reds and oranges, like a ripe tomato. Tomato frogs breed during the long rainy season and lay their eggs in pools of water. At night they roam the forest floor hunting invertebrates, while during the day they hide in the leaf litter. They are often found in soggy areas of land near slow moving bodies of water.

Typically, tomato frogs, male or female, max out at 3.5 inches though specimens just over 4 inches are not unheard of. Generally, a terrarium with 360 square inches of floor space is suitable for a single tomato frog, but an individual on the large end of the spectrum would benefit from an upgrade. Of course, you can go as big as you like for your frog no matter their size!

While they are not considered to be truly social, they lack the same bloodthirsty instinct as pacman frogs and can sometimes be successfully maintained in breeding pairs or groups. Small tomato frogs may become prey for a larger one, but they are not as cannibalistic as pacmans. Cohabitation in captivity requires a larger than minimum enclosure and special care to prevent competition over resources, such as fighting for the prime basking spot or to soak in the water dish. This can be solved by providing multiple larger water dishes, and a large enough basking zone for all individuals to share without being crowded on top of each other.

The ideal terrarium for a single tomato frog includes ample substrate to burrow into, and a layer of leaf litter on top. You may find they snuggle into the leaf litter rather than actually burrowing all the way into the soil layer. They will appreciate plenty of vegetation to hide beneath, and a large water dish for soaking into. A drainage layer is recommended to prevent buildup of harmful bacteria from the damp conditions tomato frogs prefer. Ensure that parts of the terrarium remain drier, rather than the whole setup being waterlogged. A halogen bulb is ideal for daytime heat, in most homes supplemental nighttime heat is unnecessary. Include access to UVB in the Ferguson Zone 1 range and ensure they have the room to choose between full exposure, partial exposure, and no exposure to the lights. Tomato frogs may not use hides, but it is good to provide one or two anyways. Usually they are right at home nestled amongst the leaf litter and various foliage in the terrarium. They are a little more agile than pacman frogs and may use minor climbing activities, but they are also primarily terrestrial.

Tomato frogs live on average 5-10 years in captivity.

Chubby Frog (Kaloula pulchra)

Chubby frogs are native to the forests and rice fields of mainland Southeast Asia. Despite their wide range and prevalence in the pet trade, their wild behavior is minimally studied though there is still some interesting information to be found on them. Multiple papers have recorded chubby frogs and their congener, Kaloula taprobanica, several meters up in trees. This suggests that they may potentially be best described as semi arboreal rather than solely terrestrial. While all species, no matter how terrestrial, are capable of climbing here and there, scaling trees is a little different from clambering over hills, logs, and other obstacles in your path.

In any case, those papers should be taken as evidence that chubby frogs in captivity should be provided with climbing activities, which is why a 29 gallon terrarium is recommended as the minimum enclosure size for a single chubby. It has the same base dimensions as a 20 long, but an extra 6 inches of height. A 24x18x24 inch terrarium would be even better. Chubby frogs are quite small, typically getting no larger than 3 inches.

They are the most placid of the three species, with many keepers maintaining them in pairs and groups without issue. Their small mouths make it difficult for them to cannibalize each other, though care should still be taken to prevent stress from competition over resources. Their diet primarily consists of ants and similarly sized prey, though in captivity they can take suitably sized crickets, roaches, and small worms.

The ideal terrarium for a chubby frog includes deep soil with a layer of leaf litter. They should have plenty of foliage for hiding in, though live plants should be hardy enough to withstand a squashing from a small but chunky frog. Broad branches can create climbing opportunities, which are sure to be appreciated- just be aware as primarily nocturnal frogs you may not see them being used! A halogen bulb is ideal for daytime heat and typically no supplemental heating is needed at night. UVB should be provided in the Ferguson Zone 1 range and as always your frog should be able to choose between full exposure, partial exposure, and no exposure. A large enough water dish for soaking in is required.

Chubby frogs live on average 5-10 years in captivity.

Conclusion

Pacman frogs, tomato frogs, and chubby frogs share a lot of similarities- they are Ferguson Zone 1 animals, they are insectivores, they are primarily terrestrial and nocturnal- but they are not identical. They are different sizes, live in different habitats, and use their environment differently. Their ideal setups are a little bit different. All three of these frogs make great pets, and are a delight to care for and observe. Knowing what makes them similar and what makes them different is key to figuring out which you would most like to own. Maybe you even want one of each!

The information above is, once again, merely an overview and not a replacement for in depth research on their care. This information has been compiled from a variety of sources such as websites containing habitat information, scientific papers about these species, images of the frogs and their habitats in the wild, personal experience with caring for these frogs, discussion with keepers and breeders, discussion with those living in the native ranges of these frogs, and more. Below are a few resources to get you started with learning more in depth about the care of these frogs, but by no means an exhaustive list.

If you have any questions, please ask.

Pacman Frog Resources

Image used in graphic: https://www.flickr.com/photos/adrian-afonso/1664147176

iNaturalist photos: https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/22844-Ceratophrys-cranwelli/browse_photos

Vera Candioti, María Florencia. "Morphology and feeding in tadpoles of Ceratophrys cranwelli (Anura: Leptodactylidae)." Acta Zoologica 86.1 (2005): 1-11.

Grayson, Kristine L., et al. "Effects of prey type on specific dynamic action, growth, and mass conversion efficiencies in the horned frog, Ceratophrys cranwelli." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 141.3 (2005): 298-304.

Souza, Paulo Robson, et al. "A voracious female during the courtship of Ceratophrys cranwelli (Anura: Ceratophryidae) in the Brazilian Chaco." (2014).

Schalk, Christopher M., et al. "On the diet of the frogs of the Ceratophryidae: synopsis and new contributions." South American Journal of Herpetology 9.2 (2014): 90-105.

Miller, Mark D.H. , Webb, Kempton E. and Martin, Gene E.. "Gran Chaco". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Feb. 2015, https://www.britannica.com/place/Gran-Chaco. Accessed 15 August 2021.

Tomato Frog Resources

Image used in graphic is my own, © Aster Laurel Montor

iNaturalist photos: https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/25152-Dyscophus/browse_photos

Monroy, Jenna A., and Kiisa C. Nishikawa. "Prey location, biomechanical constraints, and motor program choice during prey capture in the tomato frog, Dyscophus guineti." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 195.9 (2009): 843-852.

Brenes‐Soto, Andrea, and Ellen S. Dierenfeld. "Effect of dietary carotenoids on vitamin A status and skin pigmentation in false tomato frogs (Dyscophus guineti)." Zoo biology 33.6 (2014): 544-552.

Segev, Ori, et al. "Reproductive phenology of the tomato frog, Dyscophus antongili, in an urban pond of Madagascar's east coast." Acta Herpetologica 7.2 (2012): 331-340.

Andreone, Franco, Vincenzo Mercurio, and Fabio Mattioli. "Between environmental degradation and international pet trade: conservation strategies for the threatened amphibians of Madagascar." Natura 95.2 (2006): 81-96.

Chubby Frog Resources

Image used in graphic: https://www.flickr.com/photos/rushen/20253335546

iNaturalist photos: https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/326303-Kaloula-pulchra/browse_photos

Vyas, Raju, and B. M. Parasharya. "Painted Frog (Kaloula pulchra) from Anand and Surat, Gujarat, India." Zoos’ Print Journal 19.4 (2004): 1444.

Kanamadi, Ravishankar D., Grish G. Kadadevaru, and Hans Schneider. "Advertisement call and breeding period of the frog, Kaloula pulchra (Microhylidae)." Herpetological Review 33.1 (2002): 19.

Major, Tom, et al. "Observations of Arboreality in a Burrowing Frog, the Banded Bullfrog, Kaloula pulchra (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae)." Current herpetology 36.2 (2017): 148-152.

Soud, Rakesh, et al. "Defensive and burrowing behaviour of Kaloula assamensis Das et al., 2004 and Kaloula pulchra Gray, 1831 (Microhylidae)." frog leg 18 (2012): 48-50.

Bhattacharjee, Partha Pratim, et al. "Sighting of Asian Painted Frog (Kaloula pulchra) from West Bhubanban (near Agartala city), West Tripura district, Tripura." (2011): 18-19.

Lalremsanga, H. T., Saipari Sailo, and R. N. K. Hooroo. "External morphology, oral structure and feeding behaviour of Kaloula pulchra tadpoles Gray, 1831 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae)." Science and Technology Journal 5 (2017): 97-103.

Ganesh, S. R. "Arboreal behaviour in the Indian Painted Frog Kaloula taprobanica parker, 1934." Herpetotropicos 8.1-2 (2012): 67-70.

#reptiblr #amphiblr #tomato frog #pacman frog #chubby frog #kaloula pulchra #ceratophrys cranwelli #dyscophus guineti

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raccoonwitharifle-blog · 6 years ago

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Read My Mind

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duncepatrick92 · 4 years ago

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How To Cure Premature Ejaculation And Erectile Dysfunction And Last For 1 Hour Portentous Useful Tips

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lindafrancois · 5 years ago

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The Stages Of Weight Gain And The Treatment For Obesity

Obesity is one of the common critical conditions in the world which is a result of excess body fat. If your weight starts to increase abnormally, you need to get checked immediately since it will eventually lead to overweight and obesity.

To understand obesity, it is important to understand the different stages of weight gain. This will help you to seek treatment for obesity during the right time.

Table Of Content

What is Obesity?

Measuring Obesity

Symptoms of Obesity

Preventing Obesity at Home

Home Treatment for Obesity

Easy Workouts for Battling against Obesity

Ayurvedic Obesity Treatment

What is Obesity?

Obesity is a medical condition in which a person puts on excess body fat affecting his/her health negatively. A person suffering from this condition always finds it difficult to shed body fat. When the person’s BMI is 30 or more than 30, s/he is classified as being obese.

Obesity should be taken care of at the early stages since this condition develops hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnoea, and other disorders. Also, the risks associated with this condition can be a stroke, osteoarthritis, endometrial cancer, and gallbladder cancer.

Generally, most of the people remain unaware of the condition and do not opt for obesity treatment and management.[1]

Measuring Obesity

Waist circumference and BMI are two common ways to measure total body fat. Clinicians use these two indicators as a diagnostic tool for undertaking the right way of treatment for obesity.

1. Waist Circumference

This is not a popular method for measuring the condition. However, the measurement refers to morbid obesity and obesity in individuals. Take a tape measure and wrap it around the lower part of the rib cage and above the hip bone.

Female individuals should undertake obesity treatment if the waist circumference is more than 35 inches and men should seek help if it is greater than 40 inches.[2]

2. Body Mass Index

The body mass index is calculated using a person’s height in meters squared and weight in kg. When an individual’s BMI is greater than 30, the person should seek treatment for obesity. Both male and female individuals are classified under one BMI measurement.[3]

3. Stages of Weight Gain and Obesity

Obesity does not happen overnight. There are different stages of weight gain. The process starts gradually and surpasses the overweight range. When the condition is not reversed at this stage, then it leads to obesity.

While weight gain may be the indicator of obesity, BMI is the ultimate way to find out if you are obese or not. And height is one of the important factors along with weight. It plays a major role in determining one’s weight parameters.

Underweight: A BMI below <18.5

Healthy/Normal weight: A BMI 18.5-24.9

Overweight: A BMI between 25 and 29.9

Obese: BMI >30

Take a look at the below table to understand when it is necessary to go for the treatment for obesity disease.

Truweight’s weight chart

To prevent the development of lifestyle-related diseases, it is important that men and women maintain their ideal weight. Below we have listed the ideal weight of men and women with respect to their height.

Other Side of BMI

BMI measurement does not function effectively for every person but it figures out the whole measurement of body fat.

If a muscular individual has high BMI due to the muscle mass, the person does not essentially have to be overweight. Body mass index may overlook body fat for the people with huge muscle mass and older people are generally the victim of this.

It is a good diagnostic tool to identify if a person requires treatment for obesity or not. However, BMI calculations are alone not enough for determining that treatment.

The healthcare provider considers a person’s waist size, family medical history, skinfold thickness and assessment of regular diet.

Likewise, a person’s body weight is determined by muscles, bones and fat.

One should focus on losing the excess fat and follow a diet and exercise regime that supports the muscles.

Below you can find the percentages that determine body fat with respect to age and gender.

The body fat per cent determines if the person has a healthy body or is overweight/obese.

Measuring Child Obesity

If a child’s BMI is at or over the 95th percentile, the child or teen should follow the treatment for obesity. However, if the child’s BMI ranges between the 85th percentile and 95th percentile, the child is only overweight.

If a 10-year old kid is 56” tall and weighs 46 kg, his BMI should be 22.9kg/m2. The boy is considerably put in the obese category for having a BMI of 95th percentile.[4]

Weight Status

Obese: 95th percentile or more

Overweight: 85th percentile – 95th percentile

Normal weight: 5th percentile – 85th percentile

Underweight: Less than the 5th percentile

Symptoms of Obesity

Apart from the rapid weight gain, there are other symptoms such as,[5]

Coronary Heart Disease

Breathing Disorder

Gallbladder Disease

High Cholesterol

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Joint Disease

Stroke

Preventing Obesity at Home

In order to prevent obesity, you need to keep yourself away from harmful and unhealthy lifestyle habits. Take a look at following habits that you should avoid at any cost.

1. Binging on refined carbs

Refined carbs contain no fibre or beneficial nutrient. The refining procedure does not leave digested carbs. Additionally, it spikes up the obesity risk to a high level.

White bread, breakfast cereals, pastries, white rice, sweets, pasta, and white flour are common examples of refined carbs that every person uses on a daily basis.

2. Relying on liquid calories

The obesity prevention guidelines indicate that you should limit the intake of store-bought fruit juices, energy drinks, and sugar-loaded soft drinks.

As these drinks are unhealthy in every way, they increase the risk of obesity. It appears that 60% of obese children consume a high amount of sugary beverages.[6]

3. Do not stuff your mouth

If you chew your food too quickly, you end up consuming large portions of food. This fails to give your body a signal that you are already full. Therefore, fast eaters go through the consequences of obesity.

While chewing properly, the net calorie intake is low. Hence, you can influence the production of weight loss hormones in a positive way.

It is observed that the treatment for obesity can start at home only if a person takes adequate prevention measures beforehand.[7]

If you are willing to stay fit always, check your weight and use BMI calculator regularly. Once you notice the BMI going upside, binge on a healthy diet and long workout sessions.

Drinking plenty of water is also helpful but do not think twice for taking professional help.[8]

Home Treatment for Obesity

Gaining weight has always been easier than reducing the excessive body fat but you can get rid of extra flab at home.

In fact, the treatment for obesity can be found in your kitchen. Below we have listed some superfoods that can help you fight obesity.

1. Apple Cider Vinegar

Take 1 tbsp of apple cider vinegar and honey and mix well in warm water. Drink two times per day.

This is an effective home remedy because apple cider vinegar contains a high level of acetic acid. Not only does it help in weight loss, but also apple cider is great for reducing inflammation.[9]

2. Black Pepper

Take 1 tsp of black pepper powder and add it to your salad or tea.

Black pepper powder accelerates weight loss albeit it having a pungent taste. The ingredient has lipid-reducing activities which keep you healthy.[10]

4. Cranberry Juice

Make a glass of fresh and unsweetened cranberry juice and drink it twice every day. It is better to take the juice before each meal.

For obesity treatment, cranberry juice is beneficial for supplying a high amount of antioxidants in your body. The anti-oxidants can get rid of toxins and increase the rate of metabolism quickly.[11]

5. Ginger

In a glass of hot water, add 1 tsp of grated ginger. Let it sit for 7 minutes. Add honey to the solution and mix well. You can add the ginger in everyday tea and drink three times a day.

Found in every Indian kitchen, ginger is good for the treatment for obesity in adults and it reduces hunger pangs. The ingredient can burn fat due to the thermogenesis activity.[12]

6. Coconut Oil

You can use coconut oil for the treatment for obesity in two ways. Take one tbsp of coconut oil and drizzle it on your salad or dish. If you consume it for two or three times per day, you can get an effective result from this treatment of obesity.

The medium-chain fatty acids present in coconut oil works great for shedding belly fat. Influencing your metabolism, it is one of the easiest natural ways to reduce body weight.[13]

Easy workouts for battling against obesity

Indulging in physical exercises is the best treatment for obesity. Exercise increases mobility and strength. If you are new to exercising, you can begin my walking then gradually challenge yourself.

Strength training works great for weight loss. You can start weightlifting at home or join a strength training program. Mind-body exercises including yoga and meditation will improve postures and calm your mind.[13]

Ayurvedic treatment for obesity

For the obesity treatment, Ayurveda suggests getting rid of potato and rice.

Other than these food items, always avoid food products with a high amount of carbohydrates. Also, stay away from processed foods, purified butter, chocolate, and whole-milk yoghurt.

Addition of green vegetables in your daily diet is also recommended.

Some of the treatments for obesity include,

Take mint tea and add a few simple spices to it.

Drumsticks are effective in the treatment of obesity. Yoga poses like Shalabasana, bhujangasana, dhanurasana, vakrasana and trikonasana can help you get back in shape quickly.

Take an herbal steam bath for controlling the compounded body fat.

Dry massage along with paste and herbal powder is also effective for mobilising the accumulated fat.

Panchakarma therapies are also beneficial for people dealing with obesity.[14]

FAQ’s

Q. What is BMI?

A. BMI is a tool used for measuring body size and it detects whether a person needs treatment for obesity. Weight and height are two prime factors to measure body fat. If your BMI is at or over 30, you should seek medical help.

Q. What is the difference between obesity and overweight?

A. Weight gaining is often the beginning of becoming overweight but it does not necessarily make a person obese. As previously said, obesity treatment and prevention must be taken only if the person’s BMI is 30 or higher than 30.

Q. Is it safe to seek Ayurvedic help for obesity?

A. Yes, Ayurveda is safe. It is an ancient healthcare practice which uses Ayurvedic medicine, meditation, and diet for helping obese people during their critical time.

The post The Stages Of Weight Gain And The Treatment For Obesity appeared first on Truweight Blog.

The Stages Of Weight Gain And The Treatment For Obesity published first on https://dietariouspage.tumblr.com/

0 notes

hyttesanger · 7 years ago

Text

Upon regaining consciousness, Mijoo feels surreal.

Is that my ceiling? That abstract, soggy, yellowish spots looks familiar... Her limbs hurt, her whole body feels like one giant wound. There's something cold and hard pressed against one of her cheeks. Everything is blur, mixed with hazy fragments of memory from last night; sledgehammer hand struck her, she was sent flying across the stage, shadow of a woman mouthing something intangible... "Oh. She's awake." Mijoo jolts upright as soon as Soojung's face comes to her vision, clear and real and only few inches apart from hers. They collide hard, ice pack flies down Mijoo's cheek, the smaller woman falls off the edge of the bed, both scream in pain. "Fucking fuck do you really like to smack or throw something at people's head when they're sleeping?" Mijoo screams, rubbing the blue skin around her left eye which has bloated badly. "It's you who got up without warning!" Well, Sooujung certainly has a point here. "Hold on. Why are you even here?" She gives a quick once over, and yep, this is her house; a large room functioning as both bedroom and living space. Mijoo doesn't have actual kitchen, the stove, small fridge, and various cooking utensils are all dumped in wooden table which looks ready to collapse any time. Couch, stools made from wood and plastic materials, the furnitures aren't matching with one another, like they were picked from different wasteyards. Her entire place smells like combination of nicotine and whatever dinner Mijoo had yesterday thanks to jammed windows. The roof is leaking badly especially in rainy season, hence stains all over drywall. To sum up, it's not a property one would proudly show to their guests. Why would a rich woman give a visit to this kind of place? Before Soojung ever has chance to open her mouth, a guy who's been half asleep the whole time on a ratty single couch placed right in the middle of the room - introduced himself as Son Hyunwoo last night - already beats her to it. "She showed up when we're about to drag your ass off the stage and insisted she wanted to come with us. Friend of yours, she said..." "Oh right, Hyunwoo-ah! The match! Did I—" "Yea. I hate to be one who always announce bad news.." He says while yawning. "But I think we would have to stick to being vegetarian again this week." "Shit! I was so close to get a million with my record last night!" Mijoo wails, punching the wall beside her in frustration, then belatedly realizes her forearm is also injured. Soojung watches in amusement as she yells another cuss and Hyunwoo mumbles something that closely sounds like idiot child. "It's okay I was just kidding about the vegan part, Hyunseung hyung and I managed to secure enough for us to endure." Hyunwoo waves his hand calmly to dismiss the worry sprawled on his friend's feature. He gets up lazily from the couch that is too tiny for her huge built. "Now if you would excuse me, I have part time job awaits and I kinda not want to disturb you and your.. Uh.. Friend." It is when Hyunwoo makes his way towards the door they catch the sight of three other heads peeking behind the decayed, unpolished plywood; one is male and the other is female with shoulder length, jet black hair. They are people who were with Mijoo last night. Comes another voice from the third person behind them, the woman is first to turn around. Both Mijoo and Soojung cannot quite make out the conversation, but it sounds pretty much like someone inquiring something regarding last night and that woman replies with playful scandalous tone, "... she ran up to the stage right away even before us and tried to take her to hospital! Oh if only you'd been there to witness.. It's like a nauseating tearful scene from romance drama..." "Yah Yoon Bora quit spreading non-sense, you rotten bitch!" Mijoo barks from her bed, and the not-so-discreet giggling breaks into crass laughter. "Lee Mijoo has a suitor!" Now Yoon Bora shouts deliberately loud, followed by racket of people cackling and shuffling about narrow corridor of the flat, right behind the door. Mijoo is so resigned that by this noon everyone in the whole neighborhood will hear the news she has a suitor. "I'm sorry my friends are bunch of looneys. Don't mind what they say." She huffs. The ruckus has finally quieten down. Mijoo flounders into proper sitting position, re-adjusting pillows and cotton blanket so there's space for Soojung to be seated. The bed itself is rather big, enough for two people to occupy. "But, uh, is that true? You tried to take me to hospital last night?" Soojung only gives quick embarrassed nod. She reaches out to get the ice pack from the floor and passes it to Mijoo before plops down the bed as well. Legs crossed in polite manner, healthy amount of distance between them. "We don't go there, they will ask hundreds questions. That Bora might look like campus delinquent but she's aspiring medical assistant, so she's in charge of our... Health. But hey, thanks for the thought." "I got to see her in action last night. She's cool." Soojung comments awkwardly. "So, that was who you are? An underground fighter?" She tilts her head to steal a glance at the taller woman. "Yep. A good one!" Hint of narcissism is in Mijoo's voice. "Last night wouldn't turn that way had your pretty face never showed up in the crowds out of nowhere." "Huh? What did my face do with you losing?" The short haired woman scoffs. "All I've done was just stood in the audience." "And why would a high-class, refined lady like you come to such dirty place?" "What if I might or might not be..." She trails off, as though searching for the right words. Something that isn't I like you, I fucking like so much I've gone crazy thinking about you. "Taking a slight interest in you?" Unexpectedly, Mijoo stiffens at that. "So that's why you came to the park the other day? It wasn't coincidence but you were doing like... A survey about me?" "Wait— What?" "You don't need to lie." Mijoo snaps, unawarely scooting away from the short haired woman. "I know this game of you uptown people who fancy venturing into slightly darker side than merely placing your money on betting table, have seen the like of you coming and inspecting us one by one like giggly kids in pet store. But we are no fluffy puppies nor circus lions, we are feral beast. And I absolutely despise the idea of being some sponsors' girltoy!" "I have no idea about this idea you're talking about, honestly." "Then what do you mean with 'interested in you'?" "Just exactly as I said, you dense." Soojung chuckles the whole time where Mijoo's expression morphing subsequently from deep scowl, to utterly befuddled, then flushed pink as it slowly dawning to her. "You... Have a crush on me? Like, want us to date seriously? Candle-lit dinner, movie night, theme park, cheesy stuffs like those?" "You can say so. Though I ain't so sure if I want to date you. Yet." "No shit. Why me? I mean.. We have quite a discrepancy in social status here, which was the reason I didn't openly hit on you the other day." Mijoo asks bluntly, and gets another soft laugh in response. It sounds really nice. Maybe she's beginning to take a liking of it more than she should. "Don't ask, I don't know how this chemical things in my heart works." Soojung says, shaking her head. "But I know I don't care about status when it comes to choosing friends or girlfriend." "Still, one important thing you have to know, I am so not gonna throw any money supporting you to do such extreme thing." She continues, suddenly back to her stern self. "If anything, I'd love to see you quit. It's dangerous, you could be killed, or being arrested.. Have you never heard police are after underground fighting lately? So many risks and it's not worth fighting for." "Probably not for you. But this is the only thing I've been doing my whole life." Mijoo says, sounding frustrated. "I dunno what am I gonna do without underground fighting. Though admittedly I'm tired and want a change in life. " "Find normal job." Mijoo makes a ridiculous face at the suggestion. "Listen, I didn't even go to high school. Which company would hire me?" They go silent, Soojung gnaws at her lips, looking like she's thinking hard. "Alright." She begins again, clapping her hands one time. "Since it's a little more complicated than what I've thought, guess we need to take few detours here. First, you have to sign up for GED programs to earn certificate equivalent to secondary education." "I'm half-fifty and you want me to go to school again?" The blonde rolls her eyes. "Yah. It's never too late for study. There's people over thirty years old still going to college. You only fail when you stop trying, so don't give up." Those caring nags... Soojung reminds Mijoo of an imaginary mother she often daydreamed to have during her childhood. Though she didn't conjure up her mom would look this marshmallow-soft and squishy and sugary. "Hey. Do you perhaps have any career in mind that you'd like to pursue?" "Astronaut!" Mijoo shouts, both hands raised to heaven. A distressed look paints itself across Soojung's face, like silently screaming are you half-fifty or actual five? "Okay, sorry, I'm just joking. No, I never really give it a thought." "Think about it from now on." Soojung pats her shoulder lightly then stands up, getting ready to go home. "I suddenly remember one place which have opening, they may want to hire you. So prepare your resume, something decent to wear, and come with me once that golf-ball-sized swell on your eye get fixed." ——————— Nothing like Mijoo had expected before, on the next several days they are back to the park where they had met for the first time - at the burger stall, to be exact. Soojung’s small hand slaps the back of her neck, pushing her to do ninety-degrees bow to a woman in her early 40s, most likely the owner or manager in charge of that store. "This is my friend who wants to work here. Her name is Lee Mijoo, she's twenty five this year." Mijoo's eyes instantly widen upon hearing what Soojung just said. She steers themselves away from the burger lady before whispering, "You know that I can't fucking cook anything without causing casualties, don't you?" "Ha. I knew it." Soojung snatches a manila folder from Mijoo's hand, containing the woman's resume she had told to prepare before. "But don't worry, I didn't apply you for that position." At first, burger lady hands Mijoo pairs of brown, fluffy paw gloves and shoes. Then a piece of furry jumpsuit in same colour, with huge burger picture embroidered on its chest part. Then bear-head-shaped mask. "Repeat after me. Welcome to Burger Bear! Rawr!" Mijoo, now in the jumpsuit but without the mask, does as instructed, eyes shooting daggers towards Soojung, who's watching them beside the burger lady with lips pressed hard, holding in big laughter. "You sounded like a bear who hasn't eat for three days!" The middle-aged woman scolds. "Let's try again, more energetic please!" ——————— "I'm going to maul you, disassemble your limbs, and feed your flesh to real bears in the zoo. See if I don't." "Hm. This will do for awhile." Seated neatly on a chair in the dressing room, Soojung attentively reads the employment contract paper like a smart financial expert she is, ignoring huge bear in front her cursing and roaring childish threats. "If anything goes according to my plan, in half a year you would be able to rent a better place, eat regularly three times a day, and have small savings. From there we will decide whether you want to get your GED and learn new skills in any field of your choice. Or continue being professional mascot." "I can't believe I'm really doing this shit." Mijoo takes off the heavy mask and gloves, then dumps everything to the floor. She takes crushed white and red box from the front pocket of her backpack, pulling a cigarette out of it. Just right when she's about to light it, Soojung quickly seizes the stick from her fingers. "Do you know that by quitting smoking you can save up to 25,000 or 30,000 weekly, which means significantly lesser time for you to reach the goal I've planned, which means you can wriggle out of this bear costume sooner?" "There's no way for me to just abruptly stop like this! Normally people take it slow and reduce the consumption per day little by little, y'know?" "If you feel like smoking, just do this." Soojung promptly leans closer, and for a split second, Mijoo has thought she would slap her, or do any sort of savage acts - Mijoo has always been thinking this woman got somewhat evil traits hidden inside her deceptively tiny figure afterall. What she's never expected is Soojung would kiss her. It doesn't last long. Soft, wet lips presses lightly against her chapped ones for barely a second, yet enough to make Mijoo feels like her heart has jumped to her throat. When Soojung pulls away, she almost chases her lips out of reflex. "Fine. Square deal." The tall woman breaths out, still feeling dizzy. "But what if I feel the urge to smoke and you're not around?" "Wait until we meet, and you can kiss me as much as how many times you have wanted to smoke." Soojung replies without hesitation. "You're crazy." "I have one other request." Mijoo stares directly at Soojung's eyes, waiting to get more scold, their faces still only few inches apart. "I want to hear you say rawr again. It's cute." In one, two, three seconds, Soojung lets out distorted cackles instead of her signature shy giggle, leaping off the dressing room. Mijoo bear hot on her tail, before tripped over her own stupid, oversized shoes and falls head first. "Fuck you Lee Soojung I'mma murder you!" ——————— At the afternoon on the first day Mijoo working for Burger Bear, Soojung has received at least twenty messages, the contents ranging from impolite letter of complaints, curses, and the last one she just receives five minutes ago in the middle of yet another meeting, picture of a certain bear holding up its middle finger. 'If you get fired for slacking, I have another job interview ready for you.' Soojung sends the reply along with an image of job vacancy ads as mascot in popular fast-food chain serving fried chicken. Thin smile tugs up the corner of her mouth, but Soojung holds in, for the sake of reputation she got to uphold. Not long after, her phone vibrates again with another message - that bear's now holding up finger heart sign. Soojung sets it as her phone wallpaper, smile’s involuntarily getting wider. ——————— "I have never seen you smile before." For the first time in their entire respective career, Soojung's secretary makes a comment that isn't related to work at all. "You have a pair of very beautiful dimples." Soojung blinks at the other woman in genuine astonishment. "Oh— I apologize for being rude, Ma'am." The secretary bows very low, afraid of making eye contact with her boss. "It's just, you looked really happy." "It's okay. And thank you." Soojung says, tone non-chalant. "Was those messages from..." "Miss Han, where's the paper you said need to be signed again?" ——————— Soojung gets a special delivery on the second day of Mijoo working for Burger Bear. The delivery boy who comes to hand over two sets of burger Soojung never ordered looks very much terrorized after 30-floor ride up to the manager's lavish office, trying so hard not to touch any single thing he knows he would never be able to afford with his earnings for a lifetime. There is a note sticked onto the box, handwriting on it surprisingly clean. 'The first double cheeseburger is regular one, made by our chef. The second is made by me. Choose which one you like! <3' It doesn't require Soojung to actually think to guess which is which. Mijoo's burger is wrapped carelessly and its patty slightly burnt. "Can I ask you a favor?" "Ye— Yes, sure." The delivery boy reflexively straightens his back in similar fashion of a low-ranked soldier receiving call from their superior. "On your way back, please drop by a bookstore and get a book titled 'How to Grill Burger for Dummies', then hand it to Lee Mijoo." Soojung fishes her wallet out of desk drawer. "Here's the money, and tip for you." He flies out of the office in lightspeed, partially wants to leave as soon as possible and another part wants to scream in exultant rejoice because he just got a tip as much as his weekly wage. (Later, Soojung gives the regular burger to her secretary and eats the burnt one heartily. Only love could tolerate such awful taste like that.) ——————— Despite her infinite protests in all sorts of form, Mijoo actually does enjoy her work. Soojung learns it after a week when Mijoo starts sending photos of herself and people she serves in the park, mostly little kids. There's even short clip of her dancing with them - this one nearly causes Soojung bursting with squeal during her inspection visit to a hotel branch in Busan. Soojung replies with 'Stop sending stupid pics ffs you're not getting paid to send messages! >:( ' It's contrasting the jovial expression she's struggling to hide behind stack of financial report documents. Within an hour, the amount of messages sent to her has increased twofold. Her bear apparently doesn't know how to shut up. But this bear surely does know how adorable she is in the clip she'd sent just now; playing chase with four kids, stumbling onto the grass and letting all of them to pile over her giant body. Soojung excuses herself to go to bathroom. For laughing, you know. ——————— 'I dyed my hair black.'That single message without picture attached leads Soojung to ditch work before 5 PM and go straight to Burger Bear. Which she belatedly regrets, because, fuck. Fuck, fuckity, fuck, fuck— dark haired Mijoo is hot. The badly ventilated dressing room is hot. Everything's hellish hot especially after the younger woman comes out of the shower stall with sport bra and spandex short, droplets of water pooling on her collarbones before trickling down her upper chest. How could she easily switch from yesterday's fool bear to irresistably hot lady now?

Aside from the defined clavicles and wide shoulders, she also has ripped abs - Soojung just gets a good look at this today. Mijoo's whole figure resembles Greek goddess sculpture and someone should build an altar for her somewhere inside Parthenon. This woman is work of pure art and needs to be worshipped.

Of course, Soojung doesn't speak out loud about that thought. Heck, she would deny it until her last breath. For a good minute Mijoo's padding around the room gathering her belongings and getting some clothes from the locker, all she does is only stare boring hole into the bear mask left on the bench.

"If you really like that costume..." Mijoo starts, smirking and purposely taking time to slide a plain white tee over her torso. "I can bring it home with me so you can eat a bear tonight. Or be eaten."

Furry gloves smoothly lands right at Mijoo's face.

———————

1 note · View note

lindafrancois · 5 years ago

Text

The Stages Of Weight Gain And The Treatment For Obesity

To understand obesity, it is important to understand the different stages of weight gain. This will help you to seek treatment for obesity during the right time.

Table Of Content

What is Obesity?

Measuring Obesity

Symptoms of Obesity

Preventing Obesity at Home

Home Treatment for Obesity

Easy Workouts for Battling against Obesity

Ayurvedic Obesity Treatment

What is Obesity?

Generally, most of the people remain unaware of the condition and do not opt for obesity treatment and management.[1]

Measuring Obesity

Waist circumference and BMI are two common ways to measure total body fat. Clinicians use these two indicators as a diagnostic tool for undertaking the right way of treatment for obesity.

1. Waist Circumference

Female individuals should undertake obesity treatment if the waist circumference is more than 35 inches and men should seek help if it is greater than 40 inches.[2]

2. Body Mass Index

3. Stages of Weight Gain and Obesity

Underweight: A BMI below <18.5

Healthy/Normal weight: A BMI 18.5-24.9

Overweight: A BMI between 25 and 29.9

Obese: BMI >30

Take a look at the below table to understand when it is necessary to go for the treatment for obesity disease.

Truweight’s weight chart

Other Side of BMI

BMI measurement does not function effectively for every person but it figures out the whole measurement of body fat.

It is a good diagnostic tool to identify if a person requires treatment for obesity or not. However, BMI calculations are alone not enough for determining that treatment.

The healthcare provider considers a person’s waist size, family medical history, skinfold thickness and assessment of regular diet.

Likewise, a person’s body weight is determined by muscles, bones and fat.

One should focus on losing the excess fat and follow a diet and exercise regime that supports the muscles.

Below you can find the percentages that determine body fat with respect to age and gender.

The body fat per cent determines if the person has a healthy body or is overweight/obese.

Measuring Child Obesity

If a 10-year old kid is 56” tall and weighs 46 kg, his BMI should be 22.9kg/m2. The boy is considerably put in the obese category for having a BMI of 95th percentile.[4]

Weight Status

Obese: 95th percentile or more

Overweight: 85th percentile – 95th percentile

Normal weight: 5th percentile – 85th percentile

Underweight: Less than the 5th percentile

Symptoms of Obesity

Apart from the rapid weight gain, there are other symptoms such as,[5]

Coronary Heart Disease

Breathing Disorder

Gallbladder Disease

High Cholesterol

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Joint Disease

Stroke

Preventing Obesity at Home

In order to prevent obesity, you need to keep yourself away from harmful and unhealthy lifestyle habits. Take a look at following habits that you should avoid at any cost.

1. Binging on refined carbs

Refined carbs contain no fibre or beneficial nutrient. The refining procedure does not leave digested carbs. Additionally, it spikes up the obesity risk to a high level.

White bread, breakfast cereals, pastries, white rice, sweets, pasta, and white flour are common examples of refined carbs that every person uses on a daily basis.

2. Relying on liquid calories

The obesity prevention guidelines indicate that you should limit the intake of store-bought fruit juices, energy drinks, and sugar-loaded soft drinks.

As these drinks are unhealthy in every way, they increase the risk of obesity. It appears that 60% of obese children consume a high amount of sugary beverages.[6]

3. Do not stuff your mouth

While chewing properly, the net calorie intake is low. Hence, you can influence the production of weight loss hormones in a positive way.

It is observed that the treatment for obesity can start at home only if a person takes adequate prevention measures beforehand.[7]

If you are willing to stay fit always, check your weight and use BMI calculator regularly. Once you notice the BMI going upside, binge on a healthy diet and long workout sessions.

Drinking plenty of water is also helpful but do not think twice for taking professional help.[8]

Home Treatment for Obesity

Gaining weight has always been easier than reducing the excessive body fat but you can get rid of extra flab at home.

In fact, the treatment for obesity can be found in your kitchen. Below we have listed some superfoods that can help you fight obesity.

1. Apple Cider Vinegar

Take 1 tbsp of apple cider vinegar and honey and mix well in warm water. Drink two times per day.

This is an effective home remedy because apple cider vinegar contains a high level of acetic acid. Not only does it help in weight loss, but also apple cider is great for reducing inflammation.[9]

2. Black Pepper

Take 1 tsp of black pepper powder and add it to your salad or tea.

Black pepper powder accelerates weight loss albeit it having a pungent taste. The ingredient has lipid-reducing activities which keep you healthy.[10]

4. Cranberry Juice

Make a glass of fresh and unsweetened cranberry juice and drink it twice every day. It is better to take the juice before each meal.

For obesity treatment, cranberry juice is beneficial for supplying a high amount of antioxidants in your body. The anti-oxidants can get rid of toxins and increase the rate of metabolism quickly.[11]

5. Ginger

In a glass of hot water, add 1 tsp of grated ginger. Let it sit for 7 minutes. Add honey to the solution and mix well. You can add the ginger in everyday tea and drink three times a day.

Found in every Indian kitchen, ginger is good for the treatment for obesity in adults and it reduces hunger pangs. The ingredient can burn fat due to the thermogenesis activity.[12]

6. Coconut Oil

The medium-chain fatty acids present in coconut oil works great for shedding belly fat. Influencing your metabolism, it is one of the easiest natural ways to reduce body weight.[13]

Easy workouts for battling against obesity

Indulging in physical exercises is the best treatment for obesity. Exercise increases mobility and strength. If you are new to exercising, you can begin my walking then gradually challenge yourself.

Ayurvedic treatment for obesity

For the obesity treatment, Ayurveda suggests getting rid of potato and rice.

Other than these food items, always avoid food products with a high amount of carbohydrates. Also, stay away from processed foods, purified butter, chocolate, and whole-milk yoghurt.

Addition of green vegetables in your daily diet is also recommended.

Some of the treatments for obesity include,

Take mint tea and add a few simple spices to it.

Drumsticks are effective in the treatment of obesity. Yoga poses like Shalabasana, bhujangasana, dhanurasana, vakrasana and trikonasana can help you get back in shape quickly.

Take an herbal steam bath for controlling the compounded body fat.

Dry massage along with paste and herbal powder is also effective for mobilising the accumulated fat.

Panchakarma therapies are also beneficial for people dealing with obesity.[14]

FAQ’s

Q. What is BMI?

Q. What is the difference between obesity and overweight?

Q. Is it safe to seek Ayurvedic help for obesity?

A. Yes, Ayurveda is safe. It is an ancient healthcare practice which uses Ayurvedic medicine, meditation, and diet for helping obese people during their critical time.

The post The Stages Of Weight Gain And The Treatment For Obesity appeared first on Truweight Blog.

The Stages Of Weight Gain And The Treatment For Obesity published first on https://dietariouspage.tumblr.com/

0 notes