#제중원
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papaya2000s · 3 months ago
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The History of Korean Male Groups – From Yeonhee Professional Singers’ Quartet to BTS -> Pt. 3/? (Rewrite)
In my previous post, I noted the absence of a clearly defined "first" male musical ensemble in Korea prior to liberation, with both the Yeonhee Professional Quartet and the 'Youth Member' frequently recognized as early contributors. These two groups exhibit notable similarities and play pivotal roles in the historical narrative of male musical ensembles in Korea.
The documentation for the Yeonhee Professional Quartet is considerably more comprehensive than that for the 'Youth Member' during the 1920s and 1930s, with surviving information favouring the former. Consequently, the Yeonhee Professional Quartet is often acknowledged as the first male ensemble in Korea to operate under an official name, predating the 'Youth Member' group.
The Yeonhui Professional Quartet is distinguished as the inaugural male group in Korea to possess an official team name, consisting of students from Yonhui College, which is the predecessor of Yonsei University.
Before delving into the specifics of the Yeonhui Professional Quartet, I will provide background information on the College itself.
*Note - Yeonhee College has undergone various name changes and spellings, including Yonhui, Yeonhui, Yonhee, and Yonsei, with Yonsei being its current name.
Yonsei University (연세대학교)
In my earlier post, I provided a brief overview of the incorporation of Western cultural aspects, including architecture and music, into Asia, specifically analyzing their assimilation within the frameworks of China, Japan, and Korea. I will now shift my attention to the historical context and background of Yonsei University (연세대학교), if you want to know more about the whole history of Yonsei University I added the link to the wiki.
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Yonhui College and what it looked like in 1918 which is still used today.
Background
Yonsei University (연세대학교; 延世大學校), a distinguished private institution located in Seoul, South Korea, is deeply rooted in Christian principles. Established in January 1957 through the amalgamation of Yonhi College (연희전문학교; 延禧專門學校) and Severance Union Medical College (세브란스 의과대학; 세브란스 醫科大學), its origins trace back to the 1920s.
Yonhui College, founded in 1915 as Chosun Christian College (조선기독교대학; 朝鮮基督教大學),was among the earliest modern educational establishments in Korea, while Severance Union Medical College evolved from Gwanghyewon (광혜원; 廣惠院), the nation's first modern medical institution, established in 1885. The university's name, "Yonsei," reflects its heritage, combining elements from both founding colleges.
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Photo 1 - Underwood Hall of Yonsei College seen from below (1939). Photo 2 - Underwood Hall, which houses administrative offices (2017).
Yonhui College, which succeeded Gyeongsin School, played a pivotal role in the formation of Yonsei University alongside Severance Hospital. Initially established as Joseon Christian School on March 5, 1915, it was reconstituted as Yonhui College, a private institution, on April 7, 1917.
During the latter part of the Japanese colonial era, in April 1944, the institution was seized under the guise of enemy property, leading to the expulsion of Korean administrators and faculty by the Japanese Government-General of Korea, and it was subsequently renamed Gyeongseong Industrial Management College.
Following Korea's liberation on August 15, 1945, the institution was elevated to university status and officially renamed Yonsei University.
History:
Beginnings (1885–1916)
Yonsei University Medical School has its roots in the establishment of Gwanghyewon on April 10, 1885, recognized as Korea's first modern hospital to implement Western medical practices.
Founded by American Protestant missionary Horace Newton Allen, the institution was renamed Chejungwon (제중원; 濟衆院), meaning "House of Universal Helpfulness," on April 26. In response to various challenges, Canadian Oliver R. Avison took over management on July 16, 1893. Initially supported by the Korean government, the hospital faced financial difficulties during the First Sino-Japanese War and the Gabo reforms (갑오개혁) in 1894, resulting in its complete oversight by the church.
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The Yonsei College flag flutters in the wind in 1939.
In 1899, Avison attended a missionary conference in New York City, where he highlighted medical efforts in Korea, attracting the interest of philanthropist Louis Severance, who made substantial contributions to new facility construction, leading to the hospital's renaming as Severance Hospital.
Although primarily a hospital, Chejungwon (later Severance Hospital) also focused on medical education, enrolling its first class of 16 medical students in 1886, a year after its inception. By 1899, it achieved independent status as a medical school, and in 1912, increased collaboration among various missionary groups resulted in its rebranding as Severance Union Medical College in 1913.
The broader history of Yonsei University begins with the founding of Chosun Christian College on March 5, 1915, by American Protestant missionary Horace Grant Underwood, who was sent by the church. Underwood served as the first president, with Avison as vice president, and the college was initially located at the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association), commencing courses in April with 60 students and 18 faculty members.
During WW I & II
On August 22, 1910, Japan annexed Korea via the Japan–Korea Treaty. In 1911, Governor-General Terauchi Masatake enacted the Ordinance on Chosun Education (조선교육령; 朝鮮敎育令), followed by regulations in 1915 that aimed to suppress private education, requiring all schools to obtain approval from the governor-general and conduct instruction in Japanese.
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Chejungwon (Gwanghyewon) inside Yonsei University campus, restored to its current form in the 1980s (2009).
Severance Union College struggled to meet these regulations, leading to changes in policies, curriculum, faculty expansion, and clarification of its governance. It gained recognition as a professional medical school on May 14, 1917. In 1922, Governor-General Makoto Saito's Revised Ordinance on Chosun Education (개정조선교육령) imposed stricter faculty qualifications, prompting Severance to hire more faculty with degrees from accredited institutions. By 1923, Severance regained the authority to confer medical licenses to graduates without a state exam, a privilege lost since 1912. In March 1934, the Japanese Ministry of Education validated Severance by allowing its graduates to practice medicine across Japanese territories.
In 1934, Oh Geung Seon (오긍선; 吳兢善) became Severance's first Korean president, marking a significant milestone in the institution's history.
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Ordinance in front of Underwood Hall (1939)
The 1915 and 1922 ordinances greatly impacted Chosun Christian College, which aspired to be recognized as a college but was classified as a "professional school" due to the 1915 Ordinance prohibiting Korean private colleges. It later became Yonhui College, evolving into a university with six departments, while facing curriculum restrictions that banned courses in Korean history, geography, and the Bible outside theology. The missionary council criticized Japan's strict regulations compared to its private schools.
After the March First Independence Movement in 1919, Japan's control over Korea eased, as shown by the 1922 Ordinance, which lifted strict oversight of educational content and allowed Yonhui to include Christian programs and the Bible in its curriculum, while still requiring Japanese literature. Korean history was rebranded as Eastern History, and the Korean language was incorporated when possible.
Post-1922, Yonhui discontinued its Department of Agriculture after its first cohort graduated, and efforts to reinstate it were largely unsuccessful, though a training centre for agricultural education was established.
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Yonhee College campus (1939).
Yonhui had an open policy for admitting non-Christians, allowing Christian students to influence them. However, in the late 1930s, Japan intensified its assimilation efforts in Korea under Governor-General Jirō Minami, implementing policies like Sōshi-kaimei and enforcing Shinto practices while recruiting Koreans for the military.
The 1938 Ordinance on Chosun Education mandated Shinto adoption, reduced Korean language instruction, and emphasized Japanese studies. Yonhui resisted by introducing Korean language courses in late 1938, but by March 1940, it was forced to adopt Japanese studies.
English classes were restricted due to deteriorating U.S.-Japan relations, leading to a ban on English coursework. In 1938, President H.H. Underwood accepted Shinto practices to keep Yonhui open, while pressure from governors-general resulted in the loss of U.S. financial support, worsening the institution's financial situation.
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Photo 1 - Lee Han Yeol Memorial The June Democratic Struggle began on June 9, with student organizations mobilizing for protests on June 10. Lee Han-yeol, a Yonsei University student, was critically injured by a tear gas grenade and became a symbol of the protests. He died on July 5, shortly after the government met public demands. His national funeral on July 9 drew over 1.6 million mourners, and he was buried at the May 18th National Cemetery. 1987: When the Day Comes (2017) Korean movie based on the true story, and focuses on the events that led up to the June Democratic Uprising in Korea caused by his death.
At first, sang Hymns, School songs, and Cheer songs
This is where it might become a bit confusing for some as it mentions other songs and Album Numbers that might not make sense to how its apart of the History Korean Male Groups, but it does is some way.
The official debut song of the Yeonhee College Choir was the Yeonhee College cheer song and school song recorded on the Columbia SP Album (Album number 40358) in September 1932. In other words, they were not a male vocal team singing popular songs from the beginning. So, at first, the team’s name was written on the album as Yonhee College's quartet.
Those who sang hymns and school songs on campus released ‘Watermill’ and ‘Farmer's Song’ in September 1932, following ‘Idiot Tour of Seoul’, an adaptation of a song by foreign composer Smith, and ‘Let's Play’, a black folk song (Columbia Records, Album Number 40359). The folk song SP (Colombia Records, Album Number 40361) containing, was released under the same team’s name. So, there is more than one Yeonhee Quartet.
Yeonhee Professional Orchestra (연희전문사중창단)
Yeonhee Professional Quartet, Vocal Quartet, Ensemble or Orchestra seem to be the same but might actually be different groups, which threw me off a bit, especially with all the photos of the groups that the University had. It’s confusing since there might have been several groups with the same name at the University, and I’m not sure which male group was the first to “debut”. So, I’ll just compile all the photos and related info together. Overall Yeonhee University might have been the first to debut a Korean male group.
An orchestra/ Quartet/ Ensemble composed of students attending Yonsei University during the Japanese Colonial Period. 
The 1960s marked a notable increase in the popularity of male quartets in Korea, with groups such as the Bluebells, Mellotone Quartet, Johnny Brothers, Bongbongsa Quartet, and Arirang Brothers emerging as prominent figures in the music scene. The Bluebells, often referred to as 'Korea's first male vocal group', played a pioneering role in this genre. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that the Yeonhee Professional Quartet, originating from Yeonhee College, had already made significant contributions to the musical landscape during the Japanese colonial era, thus laying the groundwork for future male vocal harmony ensembles in Korea.
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Photo 1 - Yeonhee Professional Quartet (연희전문사중창단) (1932) Names of the people in the photo: English – Lee In-beom, Choi Seong-du, Hwang Jae-gyeong, Shin Yeong-gyun (Piano Hyun Je-myeong) Korean - 이인범, 최성두, 황재경, 신영균(피아노현재명)
Established in 1929, the Yonhui College Orchestra/Quartet conducted biannual concerts for approximately a decade, beginning in 1930, under the leadership of Hyun Je-myeong (현제명). This initiative not only showcased the talents of the ensemble but also contributed to the cultural fabric of the time, reflecting the evolving musical tastes amidst the backdrop of colonial rule. The Yeonhee Professional Quartet, recognized as the first male vocal ensemble in Korea, transitioned from performing hymns and school songs to embracing popular music, thereby broadening their appeal and influence.
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Photo 2 - Yeonhui College Orchestra (연희전문사중창단) and its leader, Hyun Je-myeong (현제명) (second from the right)Date of photo taken and student’s names are unknown.
The Yeonhee Professional Quartet, comprised of tenor Lee In-beom, Choi Seong-du, bass Hwang Jae-kyung, second bass Shin Young-gyun, and pianist Hyun Je-myeong (현제명), made their debut in September 1932 with the release of Yeonhee College's "Cheering Song" (응원가) and "School Song" (교가). They subsequently produced a variety of folk songs and original compositions, including "I Am Silhyeo" or “I'm lost” (나는 실혀) and "Hahaha," (하.하.하) and gained exposure through performances on Gyeongseong Broadcasting Station (JODK) (경성방송국).
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Photo 3 - Yeonhui Professional Orchestra (연희전문사중창단) (1933) Date of photo taken and student’s names are unknown.
This ‘group’ could be considered at the first Korean or Foreign-Korean co-ed group/ Orchestra, as you can see two females and two or three foreign people in the front row (I don’t think the people in the photo could be considered a “group” as it could be classed as an Orchestra, as mentioned under the photo) from Yeonhee University, but there is no information confirming that (this is my opinion).
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Adding to the people that are in the picture it looks like that there are a few foreign men in the front row next to the two females on the right (shown in photo 1 above), I zoomed into the photo and you can see two or three foreigners in the photo (shown in photo 2 above), this would make sense as the University was founded by Horace Newton Allen, an American Protestant missionary and was appointed to Korea by the Presbyterian Church in the USA.
The activities of this orchestra facilitated the emergence of musicians such as Kim Seong-tae (김성태), Lee In-beom (이인범), Kim Saeng-ryeo (김생려), and Lim Dong-hyeok (임동혁).
On October 10, 1933, the Joseon Musicians Association hosted a music recital for Hyun Je-myeong and Hong Nan-pa at Ewha Haktang in Jeongdong, during which the Yonhui College Choir performed "Boat Song," composed by Hyun Je-myeong with lyrics by Lee Eun-sang (이은상), alongside "Watermill" and "Jeolumbari," both also written by Lee Eun-sang and composed by Hyun Je-myeong.
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Lee Eun Sang (이은상) (Pen Name - Nosan) (1903 – 1982) was a Sijo Writer, historian and a poet and after liberation, he wrote ‘Nosan Sijo Anthology’ and ‘The Meaning of the Blue Sky’.
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The lower grades of Ewha Hakdang, in the 1910s. Ewha Haktang (이화학당; 梨花學堂) in Jeongdong now Ewha Woman’s University, was founded/ established in 1886 by Mary F. Scranton a female American missionary.
“I'm lost” (나는 실혀) and "Hahaha," (하.하.하)
In April 1933, the Yeonhee Professional Quartet (연희전문사중창단) produced a sound recording for Columbia Records that included "Hahaha" (하.하.하), an adaptation of a work by the foreign composer Crown, as well as "I am Silheo" or "I’m Lost" (나는 실혀), composed by Sherborne (셜본이). Interestingly, the album attributes the arrangement to Ji Gong-bo, who is believed to be a foreign arranger who is specified on the album, a practice that is quite rare.
I couldn’t find anything on composers Crown and or Sherborne only that it’s a school in the UK, and couldn’t find anything on Ji Gong-bo as well?
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‘I am lost’ (나는실혀)/ ‘Ha.Ha.Ha’ (하.하.하) – Vinyl Record Front.
This phonograph album marks the debut of the Yeonhui Professional Quartet, recognized as Korea's first male vocal ensemble, as they earnestly began performing popular songs across various genres. The album signifies their transition from academic life to a professional career as a vocal group. Notably, a photograph exists of the quartet alongside Professor Hyun Je-myeong (Photo 1 shown below), who accompanied them on piano during a broadcast on Gyeongseong Broadcasting Radio (JODK) (경성방송국) shortly after the album's release (as already mentioned above).
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Following their initial release, the quartet produced several notable recordings, including "Yuwangmin's Song" (유랑민의 노래) and "Joseon's Song" (조선의 노래) in August 1933 (album number 40450), as well as "Mungteongguri Jangga-ga" (멍텅구리 장가가요) and "Goodbye" (굿빠이) in September 1934 (Colombia Records, album number 40536). In January 1935, they continued their output with "My Wife Sleeping" (낫잠자는 마누라) and "Sapsaegae" (삽살개). During this period, the ensemble was still referred to as the Yeonhui Professional Quartet.
In April 1935, the group rebranded as the ‘Yeonjeon Quartet’, and by December 1936, they released "Jeolleumbali" (절늠발이) composed by Hyun Je-myeong, which represents their final known album release. The phonograph records produced by the quartet are now regarded as rare artifacts, making them difficult to encounter in contemporary collections.
Included Songs:
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The two song that were on the vinyl that were sung by the Yeonhee Professional Quartet.
Yeonhee Professional Quartet Members:
The only photo that has names attached to them is Photo 1: Lee In Beom (이인범), Choi Seong Du (최성두), Hwang Jae-gyeong (황재경), Shin Yeong-gyun (신영균) (Piano Hyun Je-myeong) (피아노현재명). I will briefly talk about him and the other members here but will go into detail about them separately in future posts.
Hyeon Je Myeong (현제명; 玄濟明)
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Hyun Je Myeong (December 8 , 1902 – October 16, 1960) (His pen name is Hyeonseok and Japanese name is Kuroyama Saimei) was a pianist , violinist , tenor singer , song lyricist , song composer , and arranger during the Japanese colonial period in South Korea. He was included in the list of 708 pro-Japanese collaborators announced in 2002, the list of people scheduled to be included in the Dictionary of Pro-Japanese Collaborators by the Institute for Research in Collaborationist Activities published in 2008, and the list of 704 pro-Japanese collaborators announced by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on Pro-Japanese Collaborators in 2009. In the second half of 2008 (No. 43) of the academic journal 'Korean History Citizen Lecture', a special feature commemorating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of Korea, titled 'People who founded the Republic of Korea', he was selected as one of the 32 people who laid the foundation for the founding of the country in the culture, religion, and media sectors.
Lee In Beom (이인범; 李仁範)
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Lee In Beom (1914 – 1978) was a musician and was a director of the Korean Opera Company, Professor of Yonsei University College of Music. Was a member of the Yonhui Professional Quartet, he toured the country twice a year, once in the spring and once in the fall. He participated in the Gyeongseong Welfare Chamber Orchestra, a pro- Japanese music group that toured the country at the end of the Japanese colonial period to play music of the times and encourage support for the war. As a result, he was selected in the music category of the list of people to be included in the Dictionary of Pro-Japanese Figures published by the Institute for Research in Collaborationist Activities in 2008.
Choi Seong Du (최성두; 崔聖斗)
No photos of just him like Lee In Beom, Hyun Je Myeong other than being in this group photo exist that I could find, I could only find information on him.
Choi Seong-du was a clarinet and piano player. Born in Seoncheon, North Pyongan Province.  Graduated from Sungjeon College and Yonhee College. He worked with Lee In-beom (이인범), Jang Myeong-ho (장명호), and Cha Hyeong-gi (차형기) under the guidance of Hyun Je-myeong (현제명).
Hwang Jae Gyeong (황재경; 黃材景)
No photos of just him like Lee In Beom, Hyun Je Myeong other than being in this group photo exist that I could find, I could only find information on him. I hope this information is for the write Hwang Jae-gyeong as his name when searching came up with more than one person with the same name.
Hwang Jae-gyeong was a flutists and arranger (popular singer) and was a member of the Yonjeon Music Club during the Japanese colonial period. He performed at a concert hosted by the Christian Youth Association on November 27, 1926, and worked with Cha Hyeong-gi , Choi Seong-du , and Han In-hwan under the guidance of Hyun Je-myeong
Shin Yeong Gyun (신영균)
Couldn’t find any information or photos of just him like Lee In Beom, Hyun Je Myeong other than being in this group photo.
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I’m not shore which person in this photo is Shin Yeong-gyun, Choi Seong-du or Hwang Jae-gyeong
I didn’t realise this until I read a few of their wiki pages that some of them were on the list of 708 pro-Japanese collaborators during the Japanese Occupation, I thought that one of the reasons that he was mentioned so much and that he a lot of information was because he was very famous composer and that he worked at the Yonsei University, they are probably one of the reasons why? I feel like (in my opinion) that Yeonhui Professional Orchestra/ Quartet (연희전문사중창단), might not be popular or be mentioned today as the “first” male group is because Hyun Je-myeong, Lee In Beom were pro-Japanese, and that 3 out of 5 of the members having information both in a good or bad way.
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zin-studio · 5 years ago
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yachtontheway · 3 years ago
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happy3linda-blog · 7 years ago
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beamineai2 · 6 years ago
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#흥국생명GS칼텍 #이와타VS비셀고베
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첼시 VS 본머스 바로가기 ☞☞☞ www.b-score.co.kr
#아일랜드미국 #인바 #브리지 #티크단판 #오사수나VS발렌시아 #볼티모OVS탬파베R #안전석유 #흥국생명GS칼텍 #덴마크VS브라질 #줄때 #마감재 #닛산딜러 #금호역골프 #좋아하는마음 #엄지횟집 #이와타VS비셀고베 #브라질네덜란드 #대화동 #권주환 #강구
아일랜드미국 초읍동 인바 곡만 브리지 장수생 티크단판 스타일렛 오사수나VS발렌시아 쿠바 볼티모OVS탬파베R 일본W 한국W 안전석유 오토피아빌라 흥국생명GS칼텍 강원FCVS경남FC 덴마크VS브라질 혜화동 줄때 구례 마감재 중간급 닛산딜러 록시장갑 금호역골프 마이애H VS 디트로P 좋아하는마음 소시에다 헤타페 엄지횟집 덕수자동차정비 이와타VS비셀고베 디종FCO 갱강 브라질네덜란드 몽펠리에 VS 앙제SCO 대화동 만수동 권주환 이인구 강구 안중
디트로T VS 미네트윈 www.b-score.co.kr
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boomboxtv · 10 years ago
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제중원 130주년 한국최초 현대식 병원 #Landscape #제중원 #love #oh #ixnine #sweet
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youlamb · 10 years ago
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제중원 고종알렌 100회 달성표 2/100 
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weve1993-blog · 8 years ago
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바카라잘하는법\\『 MKP707。COM 』\\바카라게임방법불법
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weve1993-blog · 8 years ago
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weve1993-blog · 8 years ago
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