#平澤遼子

[ari0921]

＜正論＞中国の空母にどう対応するか

麗澤大学特別教授、元空将・織田邦男

新型空母「福建」の弱点は

５月１日から８日間、中国の新型空母「福建」は初の試験航海に出た。６年以上かけて上海の造船所で建造され、２０２２年に進水した。その後、係留状態で艤装（ぎそう）を施し、検査、試験などが実施されてきた。今回、東シナ海という実環境下で各種システムの検証が行われたことだろう。排水量は８万トンと米海軍新型空母に比べるとやや小ぶりである。だが既に実戦配備している「山東」（６万６千トン）、「遼寧」（６万トン）の２隻をはるかに上回る。

山東、遼寧がスキージャンプ方式で戦闘機を発艦させるのに対し、福建はカタパルト方式を採用した中国初の空母となる。ただ一般的な蒸気式カタパルトではなく、電磁式を採用しているのが注目点である。現在、電磁式カタパルトを実用化しているのは、米海軍原子力空母「ジェラルド・フォード」だけである。フランスの原子力空母「シャルル・ドゴール」は蒸気式を採用しているが、独自開発できず、米国からのライセンス生産である。

空母のカタパルト運用��容易ではない。米海軍は安全に使いこなすのに約４０年かかった。電磁式を初採用したジェラルド・フォードはトラブルで起工から就役に７年かかった。中国は初めてカタパルト方式を採用したが、一足飛びに電磁式を採用した。軍事常識からすれば無謀に近い。電磁式は十分な電力確保が必要で、原子力空母であることが望ましい。通常動力の福建が必要な電力を円滑に供給できるか疑問視する声もある。

スキージャンプ方式による発艦では最大発艦重量が制限され、戦闘機の能力発揮が制約される。また艦隊防空の要である早期警戒機も、探知能力に劣るヘリコプター型しか搭載できず、空中警戒監視能力に弱点を抱える。

カタパルト方式では燃料、弾薬を最大搭載した戦闘機を発艦させることができる。さらに監視能力の高い固定翼の早期警戒機（ＫＪ―６００）が運用でき、山東、遼寧とは段違いに優れた戦闘能力発揮が可能になる。時間はかかるだろうが、諸問題を解決してカタパルト方式に熟達すれば、中国海軍の洋上作戦能力は飛躍的に向上するだろう。

なぜ空母を持ちたがるか

福建の任務は台湾有事の際、台湾東側の海域に展開し、米海軍の接近を阻止し、制海権を奪取することだ。米海軍を海域から排除できれば、台湾攻略は容易になる。最終目標は２０４９年までに西太平洋の覇権を獲得することである。近年、中国海軍力の増強は凄（すさ）まじい。艦艇数では既に米海軍を超えた。今後、福建型を４～６隻建造し、「原子力化」を進める計画があるという。

他方、対艦弾道ミサイルの登場、水中ドローンの出現、水中発射魚雷の長射程化などにより、空母はもはや時代遅れともいわれる。こういう時期に、なぜ中国は空母を持ちたがるのか。中国の梁（りょう）光烈国防相（２００９年当時）は次のように述べた。「世界の大国で空母を持っていないのは中国だけだ。永遠に空母を持たないわけにもいかない」「中国には広い海域があり、海を守る任務も重い。中国の海軍はまだ力が弱く、発展する必要がある」

中国の空母保有は「中華民族復興の夢」「国威発揚と軍威発揚」といった政治目的が軍事的合理性に優先しているようだ。中国は今後とも空母保有に向けて莫大（ばくだい）な資源を投資し続けるだろう。早ければ１０～１５年後には、空母の戦力化が実現するかもしれない。

「���用の長物化」させる戦略を

安全保障の要諦は最悪を想定し準備しておくことだ。将来の空母の脅威に備え、無力化対策の検討を開始すべきだろう。「空母に対しては空母」の発想は、費用対効果上も軍事的合理性からも愚策である。各種対艦ミサイル、ＡＩ型ドローン、自律型魚雷といった空母の致命的弱点を突く先進技術が手に届くようになってきた。

現在、防衛省は長距離地対艦ミサイルや空中発射型対艦ミサイル、そして反撃力としてのスタンド・オフ・ミサイルなどを開発中である。だが空母対応としては不十分である。防御の余地を与えてしまう単純な攻撃手段では対応策にならない。多種多様な手段で空母艦隊の防御能力を飽和させて初めて無力化を強いることができる。空母の無力化に焦点を絞った空中、海上、海中の非対称兵器開発に着手すべきだ。同時に硫黄島の拠点化、要塞化も必要だろう。

対応策さえ準備できれば、日清戦争前の「定遠」「鎮遠」の如（ごと）き威圧効果で、大騒ぎすることはない。必要以上に恐れ、いたずらに騒ぐのは中国の思う壺（つぼ）である。

空母の運用には艦載機や早期警戒機だけでなく、随伴する艦艇群、潜水艦などが不可欠であり、莫大な予算を要する。中国空母戦力が完整した時点で、「無用の長物化」させる手段を手にしておけば、莫大な予算を無駄金に終わらせることができる。これが日本の採るべき戦略であろう。今すぐ着手すれば、十分に間に合う。（おりた　くにお）

[01100330]

Listening to music is what I live for.

hide♡X JAPAN♡L'Arc~en~Ciel♡SOFT BALLET♡BUCK-TICK♡Michael Jackson♡Marilyn Manson♡Eric Clapton♡NIRVANA♡THE YELLOW MONKEY♡ROLLY♡THE ORAL CIGARETTES♡LUNASEA♡Depeche Mode♡岡村靖幸♡中森明菜♡山口百恵♡工藤静香♡沢田研二♡椎名林檎♡平沢進♡筋肉少女帯♡戸川純♡中島みゆき♡すかんち♡アーバンギャルド♡相対性理論

I also like reading novels.

三島由紀夫♡太宰治♡夢野久作♡江戸川乱歩♡米澤穂信♡小川洋子♡綾辻行人♡乙一♡伊坂幸太郎♡司馬遼太郎♡湊かなえ♡江國香織♡瀬戸内寂聴♡谷崎潤一郎♡アガサ・クリスティ♡

Other

札幌住み。音楽聴くことが生き甲斐

[masatakeabe]

11月

　

11/2(土)19:30-

笠島真那 trumpet

ビリー・ジーン alto sax

堀江洋賀　　 　guitar

阿部真武　　 　electricbass

大儀見海 drums

一般4,000円(税込)

シニア割（65歳以上）・学割 3,500円(税込)

　

　　　

11/3(日)19:00-

荻窪ベルベットサン

阿部真武　electricbass

福島誠　 piano

秋元修 drums

charge : 前売り 税込2,700円 (+ドリンク代別)

　　　　当日 税込3,200円 (+ドリンク代別)

前売チケット購入 →

https://velvet-sun.stores.jp/items/66f7df21d587422b0634acd0

　　

　　

11/4(月・祝)18:30-

三鷹school

Thieves / ju sei

　"Thieves"

　大藏雅彦　vocal,electricbass,clarinet

　遠藤ふみ　piano,vocal

　阿部真武　electricbass

　"ju sei"

　田中淳一郎

　sei

予約 2,500円

当日 3,000円

U25 2,000円（予約当日共に）

　　

　　　

11/5(火)14:00-

新宿PitInn

ミドリトモヒデ　sax

栗田妙子　piano

阿部真武　electricbass

　

11/5(火)19:30-

入谷なってるハウス

ミドリトモヒデ　sax

栗田妙子　piano

阿部真武　electricbass

　

　

11/10(日)

つくばコーヒーフェスティバル

阿部真武　　electricbass

増田涼一郎　guitar

　

　

11/11(月)19:30-

晴れたら空に豆まいて

田上碧 1st アルバム

『きらきらするすべて』完成記念ライブ

"Everything That Sparkles!!!"

田上碧(Vo,Gt)

樋渡直(E,Gt)

宮坂遼太郎(Per)

阿部真武(Ba)

北澤華蓮(Vn)

本藤美咲 (Br-Sax)

【O.A.】鈴木健太（Vo,Gt）

前売 ¥3300 / 当日 ¥3800(＋1drink ¥700)

　　

　　

11/14(木)19:30-

入谷なってるハウス

阿部真武　electricbass

藤原大輔　tenor sax

藤井信雄　drums

￥2,300(予約￥2,000)

　

　

11/16(土)19:30-

阿佐ヶ谷マンハッタン

古和靖章　guitar

阿部真武　electricbass

白石美徳　drums

　　

　　

11/19(火)20:00-

神保町試聴室

阿部真武　electricbass

沼尾翔子　vocal

+

沢田譲治　contrabass

瀬田創太　piano

3500円（1ドリンク・スナック込）

　　

11/27(水)20:00-

荻窪ベルベットサン

山口廣和　 Classical and 12 string guitars, Oud

石川広行 Trumpet, Effects, Shruti box

Miya flute,modular,electronics

阿部真武　 electricbass

　

　

11/30(土)18:30-

朝霞 海

齊藤涼子　vocal

田尻智大　reeds

伊集院正之介　tenor sax

遠藤ふみ　piano

阿部真武　electricbass

長澤洋平　drums

[historysandwich]

【常威近代史】（八百三十二回）

百團大戰

1940年8月20日，170架日本轟炸機再度瘋狂轟炸重慶，市區發生大火，不經不覺，日本利用空軍轟炸重慶已經維持咗一段長時間，有殺錯冇放過，幾多無辜平民百姓被炸死，根本無從統計。重慶蔣介石重慶政權面對空前壓力，加上英國人法國人出賣佢(其實都唔可以叫出賣，大家講利益啫)，滇緬公路被封鎖，法國讓出殖民地越南供日軍出入補給，重慶已經成為孤島，仲守得幾耐亦根本冇人知道？日本人嘅想法亦都好簡單，打殘你蔣介石，汪精衛偽政權就會成為中華民國唯一合法政權，咁就一天光曬。不過除咗蔣介石重慶政權，神州大地上仲有中共嘅新四軍同八路軍，侵華戰爭已經到達第三個年頭，日本人亦都從來冇諗過戰事可以拖到第三年，中華民族嘅頑強同韌力出乎日本人嘅意料之外。中國地大物博，人又多，日本人以為好易啃得落，點不知道反而鯁咗骨，被拖入泥漿之中打摔角。

更加大鑊嘅係，由於日本人發動侵華戰爭後陷入進退維谷之境，同美國嘅關係亦都日趨緊張，彼此雖然係世仇(係美國人用黑船教日本仔著底褲架)，但係兩個超級大國相隔一個遼闊嘅太平洋，地緣上大家可以各有各做，你唔理我，我唔理你，打吓咀炮過吓癮，其實都可以，無謂動刀動槍。歐洲嗰邊打生打死，其實日本大可以置身事外(其實美國都可以)。偏偏美國唔願意放棄響東方嘅龐大利益，口頭上同實質上都大力支持蔣介石政權苟延殘存，成為蔣介石背後嘅大金主。日本人簡直覺得你多舊魚，所以與其打蔣介石，不如直接打你羅斯福，偷襲你夏威夷珍珠港！重申一次，今時今日睇返日本人向美國發動戰爭，係以卵擊石！但係當時嚟講，未被閹割前嘅日本海軍力量絕對不在美國之下，更加唔好講之後決定性一戰中途島戰役嘅偶然性同幸運成份。(命運之神要站在美國一方，就叫天意)

8月20號，中日戰爭中，鼎鼎大名嘅「百團大戰」拉開序幕，八路軍105個團從今日���間出發，響總部嘅統一指揮下，同時向正太路、同蒲路、平漢路嘅日偽軍據點發動猛烈攻擊。依一次行動嘅目的，係要徹底切斷正太路交通，以消除日偽軍進行嘅「囚籠政策」，消除日軍對華北抗日根據地嘅威脅。

1939年3月，日本華北方面軍司令多田駿(1882-1948)制定咗「囚籠政策」，以鐵路為柱，以公路為鏈，以碉堡為鎖，輔之以封鎖溝(即係戰壕)、封鎖牆從日軍控制地區向抗日根據地構成網狀嘅囚籠！一年以嚟，日軍響華北修復修築鐵路1870公里、公路15000公里，興建新碉堡，建立2700多個據點，日軍憑住呢啲設施對抗日根據地進行咗多次嘅分區「掃蕩」、「清鄉」同埋「蠶食」。

百團大戰開始之後，晉察冀軍區19個團，5支遊擊隊先後攻剋娘子關同埋井陘新礦，佔領東王含、北峪、乏驢嶺等車站同據點，129師10個團同炮兵團，向正太路嘅平定至榆次段發起進攻，攻剋蘆��莊、桑掌、上湖、張凈，並搶佔咗陽泉西南嘅獅堖山高地。數日之間，129師控制咗正太路西段除陽泉、壽陽以外嘅大部分對點。120師20個團破襲咗同蒲路北段同汾離、太汾，公路等主要公路線，攻剋陽方口、康家會、豐潤村等地。在此期間內，平漢、同蒲、德石、北寧、白綏、津蒲等鐵路線上嘅日偽軍據點，遭到八路軍大規模破襲。一時間，正太路完全癱瘓，平漢、同蒲路中斷，井陘煤礦停產。

根據八路軍總部徹底摧毁正太路同同浦路忻縣至朔縣段嘅部署，百團大戰嘅第二階段喺9月20號開始。晉察冀軍區8個團、3支遊擊隊2個獨立營發動淶丘戰役，先後攻佔三甲村、東團堡、南坡頭同搶風嶺。129師8個團進攻榆遼公路，一度佔領榆社城。120師對同蒲路北段發動攻擊，令到同蒲鐵路再次中斷。冀中軍區多次進攻任丘、河間、大城。冀南、太行、太嶽軍區部隊亦投入了破襲戰。百團大戰，中共將領彭德懷(1898-1974)一戰成名！戰事持續到1941年1月尾先正式結束。百團大戰中，日軍亦用了戰爭公約所禁止嘅毒氣與生物武器展開反撲。

百團大戰打響後彭德懷得到中共中央嘉獎，事後仲榮獲國���政府頒發獎章和蔣介石親自發出嘉獎令。但後來彭德懷也一度受到毛澤東等人批評，認為佢冇執行毛澤東嘅抗戰相持時期軍事戰略（即「山地游擊戰為主，可能條件下進行陣地戰，避免大規模決戰」），打成「消耗戰」，過早暴露和不必要犧牲咗中共領導一些抗日力量。為此彭在華北座談會上被批了40天，文革中挨批時造反派材料中出現咗「彭德懷幹這麼大事也不和我商量，我們的力量大暴露了，後果將是很壞」說法，不過當代已經予以平反。

8月21號，上海《大美晚報》，編輯程振章被汪偽特務刺殺。8月22號，夏衍(1900-1995)主編嘅《野草》喺桂林創刋。8月23號，中國軍隊剋服娘子關。8月24號，韓德勤部隊20個團猛攻姜堰、曲塘、南安一帶嘅新四軍。8月27號，廣東南上、下川島被中國軍隊收復，同日，上海英軍撤退回國。8月28號，國民政府譴責法國允許日本假道越南侵華。8月29號，中動向國民黨最高國防會議提出四項要求，包括遷都蘭州、改組行政院、調整中央及地方人事外交一元化，當然悉數被國民黨所拒絕。

1940年8月於焉結束。

#常威💀 #蔣介石平反系列  #佛經抄寫員 #中日戰爭 #中華民國

[nzchao]

今週末、本日から明日の２日間にかけて京都文化博物館で開催される、ビデオパーティーに出品します。 拙作は初日9日の16:30〜、プログラム３にて『PurpleLine の Tetsuyaizer』が上映されます。 よろしくお願いします。

VIDEO PARTY 2023

■開催日時

2023年12月9日（土）〜10日（日）

■上映スケジュール

12/9（土）

10:30~ Program 1 13:30~ Program 2 16:30~ Program 3

12/10（日）

10:30~ Program 4 13:30~ Program 5 16:30~ Program 6

■料金（当日販売のみ）

●学生（高校生以下無料） １プロ…700円 １日券…1,600円 ２日券…3,000円

●一般 １プロ…1,200円 １日券…3,000円 ２日券…4,000円

●友の会／障がい者 １プロ…700円 １日券…1,600円 ２日券…3,000円

■会場 京都文化博物館 3F フィルムシアター 〒604-8183 京都府京都市中京区三条高倉角（東片町623ｰ1） TEL. 075-222-0888 FAX. 075-222-0889

・地下鉄「烏丸御池駅」下車【5】番出口から三条通りを東へ徒歩3分　 駅周辺図 ・阪急「烏丸駅」下車【16】番出口から高倉通りを北へ徒歩7分　 駅周辺図 ・京阪「三条駅」下車【6】番出口から三条通りを西へ徒歩15分　 駅周辺図 ・JR・近鉄「京都駅」から地下鉄へ ・市バス「堺町御池」下車、徒歩2分

京都文化博物館 The Museum of KYOTO https://www.bunpaku.or.jp/

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VIDEO PARTY 2023 開催

VIDEO PARTY10を2023年12月9〜10日の2日間、京都文化博物館フィルムシアターにて開催します。 本上映展は15分以内の一般公募による映像を紹介するもので、ドラマやアニメーション、ビデオアートといった様々なジャンルの映像を上映します。 2013年に始まり、これまで上映した作品は610作品。京都を中心に札幌、岩手、東京、マカオ、台北、台中、深圳、ソウル、釜山、リッチモンド、ベルリンと各地での上映を通した交流も行なってい���す。 個人で作られた映像を発表する機会は多くありません。VIDEO PARTYは様々な表現の可能性を秘めた映像作品を公開しする場を作りたいと考え運営しています。 出品・鑑賞どちらでも構いません、皆様のご参加をお待ちしています。

■企画・運営 AF PLAN ■共催 京都文化博物館 ■協力 新視角、株式会社デンキトンボ、Brand new day、tapetum works、Medienwerkstatt（Berlin）、畑洋子

AF PLAN http://www.af-plan.com/ Twitter: @AF_Plan_info https://twitter.com/AF_Plan_info

■上映プログラム一覧

●program 1 [12/9(sat)10:30~] 中村 古都子 / 魔法の紫ウサギ Michael LYONS / パーツ 山川 智輝 / 不在の存在 高上 雄太 / なんでやねん！ 相内 啓司 / 愛撫-The caress/La caresse 小川 泉 / 山火事 高原 修一 / ギャラリーでの一日 Yüiho Umeoka / Manipulated Colorbars いまいゆか / 春の日 後藤 由香里 / Book 龍 健太 / さや 石川 亮 / Signify GUP-py / Beyond The Door 扉の向こう側に Michael Hoepfel / Inner City 近視のサエ子 / 次回、納豆ファンク「叫んで、おまめ！」

●program 2 [12/9(sat)13:30~] 宮里 洸樹 / OPENING 相内 啓司 / Days in uncertainty 不確かな日々 吉田 孝行 / ある日のモエレ しもきた観覧車 / ゴンドラリー つはる&ババカヲルコ / 呪殺の曼荼羅 小野 光洋 / 落としもの なかやまえりか / カゾクノキョリ Isa Schmidlehner / Beate まきのみつる / 怪獣リューリとメシエ、デジタル刺繍ミシン編 中沢 志保 / きみの感触 延 紗英子 / 4 Little Swans? ニシノユキコ / ワン・トゥー・スリー 三ツ星レストランの残飯 / FUSI GEA Alessandro Maggioni / Gideon‘s Tale 葭原 武蔵 / Midnight Special

●program 3 [12/9(sat)16:30~] (実在しない)切り抜きチ��ンネル / お絵描きは孤独 永山 凜太郎 / nowhere らぐすけ / Trickle 栗原 亜也子 / MindGames ‘ I am Here’ 20170915-1025 ニシノユキコ / 女の会話〜The Age of 27〜 岸本 真季 / 陛下と丞相、あと皇后 菊沢 天太 / ACTOR1 Short 坪根 正直 / Foton 西田 知司 / 裏小樽モンパルナス 島津 凜音 / 43歳の夏休み 中林 空 / NO ONE CAME TO HELP 柴原 直哉 / 思洞 ムラカミロキ / PurpleLine の Tetsuyaizer 高橋 幸太郎 / お墨さん　パート2 Manuela Johanna Covini / # The Speculative in the Spectacle 高山 隆一 / 遠雷 中本 京佑 / 魂のふるさとより

●program 4 [12/10(sun)10:30~] 蒼太 / パーク らぐすけ / Earth 永山 凜太郎 / GIVE ME BACK MY PRECIOUS 林 恭平 / 宇宙血液 (実在しない)切り抜きチャンネル / 魔法使いに聞いてみた 猪鼻 秀一 / 護謨の中の吠える犬 朝倉 小冬深 / Landscape Flicker 三木 はるか / 安吾のごときもの歩く 龍 健太 / 畢生 岡澤 侑希 / 響 田中 いずみ / ナンゾヤ tama-style / your eyes Lina Walde / In circles DOGlover / DANCE 役者でない / too small to get 藤井 アンナ / グランス

●program 5 [12/10(sun)13:30~] 塩原 璧 / 双翅軍雷攻 具志堅 裕介 / mikikikikimimi まちだリな / ニンジンは待ってくれない 永山 凜太郎 / HACHIOJI TO DISMEMBER 多田 文彦 / 稲荷遊技場 林 ケイタ / BUG STRIPE -CRACK MATSUMO / 放課後の怪物 龍 健太 / 唯一 伊奈 新祐 / Sketch of Kyo(京) Vol.2～祇園祭～ 赤木 崇徳 / Lowrider Johnny HUNG / Semordnilap zihiro / ワンネス Lioba von den Driesch / ludo_2 ないとう日和 / ボ―――――― 柳瀬 昇 / 新月ウォーク さとうゆか / もも 立川 清志楼 / 微景 東 遼太 / 飛蚊症

●program 6 [12/10(sun)16:30~] 相馬 あかり / 愚者の石 龍 健太 / PREPARE TO MARCH!! うえだしょうた / composition 野村 建太 / ☀︎★✈︎←→ 蒼太 / マリンシークレット 景燁 / 本当の私が見える？ りけいき / sleep issue 長野 清香 / キャンディはいかが 三ツ星レストランの残飯 / スタぁ錦肝 あるふぁ＠ / シンセリアリティ Hiroko Tanahashi & Post Theater / SPOOKAI Gaby Schulze / abstraktes abstract 片岡 拓海 / 書動―游泳― Momgua Eom / Nino 山口 健太 / ロックダウンボーイ③-またきてね-

●映像展示[12/9(sat)12/10(sun)] よこえれいな / Relief

VIDEO PARTY 10

WebSite http://www.af-plan.com/vp/ Facebook Page https://www.facebook.com/video.party.kyoto/ Twitter: @VIDEOPARTYKYOTO https://twitter.com/VIDEOPARTYKYOTO

Facebook Event Page https://www.facebook.com/events/1690005014777532

#VIDEOPARTY #VIDEO_PARTY

[wangwill66]

有拿香拜祖先的都要知道（收藏）。(網路資料)

我們的祖先來自何處？

我們的語言出自何處？

不要被意識形態民粹政客們洗腦騙了！

「堂號」！無論您是400年前、200年前、77年前、或何時來台，都是台灣人也是中國人，只有「堂號」能讓您完全了解。

「台灣人」的祖先大都是來自中國北方的中原地區，祖先為了逃避北方匈奴的侵略，而南遷到中國大陸東南沿海地區，所以「台灣人」大都是來自北方的中原漢人。

「五胡亂華」之後，華北經過長期戰亂，原先在河洛地區的(河圖與洛書，是中國古代傳說中，上天授與的圖象、數列)。

知識分子、士、農、工、商…等紛紛逃亡到江南地區避亂，也有族群避難遷徙，輾轉來到閩南泉州、漳州、潮州 、汀州或梅州、惠州…等地區定居。

河洛叫做「河圖與洛書」，河洛就地區來講，就是中國河南、洛陽一帶地區，廣義泛指「中原」。

為了讓後代子孫認識自己祖先的來處，使用「堂號」讓不同時間到達的移民，可以辨認自己的宗親，得到暫時的照顧。

久而久之，「堂號」成了姓氏宗親聯誼的代號。

「堂號」也可以使後代子孫認識自己祖先發源處，可以知道先人從哪來？

世界只有中國有「堂號」，我們不能讓「堂號」消失。

現今中華民族的族群當中，「堂號」最完整的只剩下客家族群。

堂號即祠堂的名稱或稱號，主要用於區別姓氏、宗族或家族、地名（姓氏宗族的發源地）。

堂號除在祠堂使用外，還會在 族譜、宅院、牌位、墓碑 等處使用。

以下我們從堂號來參考祖先從哪裡來?

濟陽堂���

丁、卞、江、柯、卻、陶、庾、蔡。後漢設濟陰國，晉改濟陽郡，在山東定陶縣地。

西河堂：

卜、苟、林、卓、宰、靳。

漢時的郡名，今內蒙古（綏遠）鄂爾多斯地方，以及陝北、山西離石一帶。

河南堂：

於、山、方、毛、元、平、向、利、苟、邱、俞、陸、褚、廉、種。今河南陽縣。

東魯堂：孔。

孔子生於魯，地因人而名，故叫東魯。

雁門堂：

文、田、童、農。

戰國時為趙地，漢為郡，地當山西舊代州，寧武以北及朔平、大同一帶。

隴西堂：

牛、辛、李、時、彭、董。

秦郡名，地當甘肅舊蘭州、鞏昌、秦州諸府。

天水堂：

尹、皮、艾、狄、桂、姜、秦、莊、趙、嚴、上官。

漢時郡名，在甘肅渭縣境，即今伏羌地。

平陽堂：

仇、汪、巫、來、常、鳳、管、衛、歐、饒。

三國魏郡名，在山西臨汾縣境。

吳興堂：

水、尤、沈、明、姚、施。三國吳郡名，今浙江省吳興地。

太原堂：

王、羊、祁、易、武、祝、宮、溫、霍、閻、尉遲。

太原、汾州二府及保德、平定、忻州各地。

高平堂：巴、范。

漢時國名，今安徽省盱貽縣境。

南陽堂：

白、束、呼、姬、許、隆、葉、翟、韓、樂、鄧。

秦時郡名，泛指河南省南陽及湖北襄陽一帶。

京兆堂：

申、史、宋、別、冷、杜、車、宗、段、計、韋、晁、郜、浦、象、康、舒、雍、壽、酆、黎、皇甫。

漢三輔之一，地轄長安以東至華縣一帶。

渤海堂：

甘、封、高、歐陽。

漢郡名，地領河北省河間、滄縣、安次各地，南至山東吳棣境。

汝南堂：

左、言、汝、周、南、殷、商、梅、廖、袁、藍。

漢郡名，地轄河南舊汝寧、陳州二府及安徽穎州府。

武陵堂：

冉、華、龍、龔、顧。

漢時郡名，今湖南省常德縣地。

上黨堂：

包、尚、連、鮑、樊。

秦時郡名，在山西東南部，今長子縣境。

陳留堂：

伊、阮、虞、謝。

漢時郡名，晉為國，今河南陳留縣，後移至開封。

上谷堂：

成、侯、冠、榮。

秦郡名，地轄保定、易州、宣化、順天諸府，均在河北省。

沛國堂：朱。

漢時設郡，後漢改國，在安徽宿縣境。

晉陽堂：

匡、唐、景。

秦漢時縣名，今山西太原地。

新安堂：古。

三國吳郡名，在浙江省淳安縣。

武威堂：

石、安���賈。

漢武帝時郡名，即甘肅省武威縣地。

樂安堂：任。

南朝宋郡名，隋癈，在山東廣饒縣。

馮翊堂：吉、雷。

漢時郡名，為左馮翊轄地，即陝西大荔縣地。

中山堂：

仲、湯、藺。

春秋時國名，屬北狄鮮虞國地，今河北省正定縣境。

西平堂：池。

東漢郡，今甘肅西寧縣。

安定堂：

伍、胡、席、梁、程。

漢時郡名，在甘肅舊平涼、固原、涇州境。

東海堂：

有、茅、徐。

漢時置郡，地當山東兗州東南，江蘇邳縣以東。

河東堂：

旅、薛、裴、儲、聶。

秦時郡名，即山西西夏縣地。

下邳堂：闕。

後漢時國名，即江蘇邳縣地。

延陵堂：吳。

春秋時吳邑，季札受封延陵，今江蘇武進縣地。

廬江堂：何。

漢時郡名，在安徽廬江縣境。

北海堂：邢、郎。

漢郡名，東漢改國，地領山東益都以東至掖縣一帶。

平陵堂：孟。

春秋時齊邑，今山東歷城縣境。

彭城堂：

金、劉、錢。

漢郡名，今江蘇銅山縣地。

清河堂：

房、傅、張。

漢時郡名，地當河北清河、故城、棗強、南宮諸縣，及山東清平、恩縣、冠縣、高唐、臨清、武城一帶。

東平堂：花。

漢國名，即山東省東平縣。

博陵堂：邵。

晉國名，後改郡，今河北省安平縣境。

山陽堂：岳。

漢郡名，故城在河南修武縣，曹丕篡漢，廢獻帝為山陽公。

滎陽堂：

昌、潘、鄭。

戰國時韓地，今河南省滎陽、成皋一帶。

臨海堂：屈。

三國吳，分會稽東部置臨海，在浙江省，舊稱台州。

范陽堂：

鄒、簡、燕。

范陽是古郡名，即今河北省涿縣地。

齊郡堂：

查、晏、覃、富、譚。

漢時郡名，後改為國，今山東臨淄地。

高陽堂：紀、耿。

漢時縣名，今河北省高陽縣地。

敦煌堂：洪。

漢時郡名，今甘肅西部敦煌縣。

魏郡堂：柏。

春秋時國名，在山西芮城縣境。

扶風堂：

馬、班、祿、萬、魯。

隋時置郡名，今陝西省扶風、鳳翔一帶。

千乘堂：倪。

漢時郡名，在山東地城、益都一帶。

會稽堂：夏。

秦郡名，地當江蘇東部、浙江西部，即今紹興。

河內堂：

苟、荀、司馬。

漢郡名，地當河南省黃河與太行山之間，今武陵、沁陽一帶。

廣陵堂：貢、盛。

漢國名，後改郡，今江蘇都縣地。

薛郡堂：海。

秦時郡名，地轄山東西南部、江蘇東北部。

河間堂：凌、章、詹。

漢國名，後魏改郡，在河北獻縣及河間一帶。

南昌堂：塗。

漢縣名，在江西南昌地，洪州塗氏為豫章望族。

豫章堂：羅。

漢郡名，在江西南昌縣地。

潁川堂：

陳、鄔、賴、鍾。

秦郡名，地轄河南舊許州、陳州、汝寶、汝州諸府，蓋指潁水流域。

護國堂：

逢、邊、戴、稽。

春秋時陳焦邑，今安徽省亳縣地。

餘杭堂：隗。

隋郡名，唐復為杭州，今浙江杭縣。

汾陽堂：郭。

漢地名，唐併入陽曲，在山西省，唐將郭子儀受封於此，因而名��。

瑯琊堂：

符、雲、諸葛。

秦郡名，地轄舊山東兗、音、沂、萊四府，後漢為國，在臨沂縣境。

廣平堂：

游、賀、談。

漢郡名，後改為國，今河北雞澤縣地。

江夏堂：費、黃。

漢郡名，在湖北雲夢境。

遼西堂：項。

秦郡名，地轄永平、承德、朝陽、錦州、新民一帶，在遼寧與河北間。

平原堂：東方。

漢郡名，在山東舊武定、濟南二府之西，及樂陵、長清一帶，即平原縣地。

頓丘堂：葛、司空。

春秋衛邑，在河南省濬縣。

弘農堂：楊。

漢時郡名，在河南省靈寶縣境。

百濟堂：福。

春秋時國名，在今朝鮮半島。

內黃堂：駱。

漢時縣名，今河南省內黃縣地。

江陵堂：熊。

春秋時楚郢都，漢置縣，宋改都，今湖北江陵地。

鉅鹿堂：魏。

秦郡名，晉為國，今河北鉅鹿、寧晉一帶。

蘭陵堂：蕭。

晉時郡名，在山東嶧縣，南朝宋移昌盧，在滕縣境。

解梁堂：關。

春秋時晉邑，地領山西解縣、臨晉、虞鄉諸地，後漢關羽，即解人也。

燕山堂：竇。

遼時燕京，宋改燕山府，地領河北省北部及東北部。

武功堂：蘇。

漢郡名，在陝西郿縣境，今設武功縣。

始平堂：

翁、馮、龐。

晉郡名，三國魏改始平，在咸陽附近。

梁國堂：墨、橋。

漢時梁國，後魏改郡，唐改宋州，在河南商丘縣境。

濟南堂：伏、寧。

漢初置郡名，即今山東歷城縣境。

平昌堂：

紅、孟、管、離。

三國魏置郡名，治安丘，在今山東安丘縣地。

濮陽堂：爰。

漢縣名，後魏改郡，即古帝丘，在河北濮陽縣及山東濮縣一帶。

著存堂：呂。

福建省詔安縣秀篆鎮。

殷禮堂：宋。

陝西西安市，陝西西河郡。

我們現在講的「台語」正確名稱～不是台灣話、更不是閩南話、也不是福建話，正確叫做～「河洛話」！

河洛話：源自河南洛陽，俗稱中原話，在唐朝時期就是講河洛話，唐朝武則天就是講河洛話；日本現在廟宇和尚念經朗誦的語言就是用河洛話！

[camomai]

#カモマイ グッズ通販始めました

大変お待たせしました！

  #カモマイ グッズ通販はじめました 

 ▼ご購入はこちらから

  https://camomai-shop.com 

▼公式サイトへ戻る

https://camomai.com/

[fumiterawaki]

「港まちアートブックフェア」

明日から開催の「港まちアートブックフェア」に参加します。私は展覧会の記録集を2冊出品しています。ぜひお手に取ってご覧ください。

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

港まちポットラックビル3Fでは「港まちアートブックフェア」がスタートします。今回はこれまで港まちと関わりのある方々をはじめ、アーティストやデザイナー、出版社、レーベルが手がけたアーティストブック、作品集、ヴィジュアルブック、ZINEなどの「本」が一堂に集まります。============

「港まちアートブックフェア2021」2021年6月29日（火）–8月14日（土）11:00–19:00休廊日｜日曜・月曜・祝日会場｜Minatomachi POTLUCK BUILDING 3F：Exhibition Space.入場無料http://www.mat-nagoya.jp/exhibition/7299.html*本を手にとってご覧いただけるよう、お手荷物をお預かりします。*入場を制限する場合があります。*新型コロナウイルスの感染状況によっては、変更や中止の可能性があります。*会期中のイベント、最新情報については、ウェブサイト・SNSでお知らせします。企画｜Minatomachi Art Table, Nagoya [MAT, Nagoya]主催｜港まちづくり協議会出品者｜アートコート ギャラリー、Art Space & Cafe Barrack、青崎伸孝、Aoyama Meguro、AGAIN-ST、浅井真理子、浅田泰子、足立 涼、阿部航太、阿部大介／鷹野 健、有馬かおる／ちばふみ枝／ミシオ／池田璃乃、飯川雄大、井出賢嗣、今村 文、今村遼佑、IN SITU、上田 良、エクリヲ、江本典隆、ELVIS PRESS、O JUN、大田黒衣美、小川智彦、屋上とそらfree、小栗沙弥子、オル太、Curtain、加藤松雄・加藤 K、KANA KAWANISHI ART OFFICE、川口貴大、川村格夫、木村充伯、kumagusuku、GROUND、crevasse、CAVE-AYUMIGALLERY、小島邦康、小林真依、迫 鉄平、佐野友美、三輪舎、C7C gallery and shop、G文、Jグループ、シマウマ書房 鈴木 創、霜山博也・霜山 萌、刷音、進藤冬華、スウィート・ドリームス・プレス、鈴木ヒラク、須田真弘、夕書房、Tiny Splendor、タカ・イシイギャラリー、田口美穂、たちばなひろし、田中瑞穂×鵜飼聡子、谷 亜由子、谷澤陽佑、玉山拓郎、田村友一郎、タン・ルイ、CHI＆ME、陳 楚翹、塚本南波、土屋未久、D.D.baseproject／今村 哲、this and that、寺脇扶美、Tokyo Art Research Lab（TARL）、torch press、冨井大裕、ナゴノダナバンク、NEUTRAL COLORS、NEW ERA Ladies、丹羽良徳、HAGIWARA PROJECTS、PARA BOOK PRESS、原 倫太郎＋原 游、パルム書房、阪神大震災を記録しつづける会、ハンマー出版、ヒスロム、平山昌尚、福田良亮、福永 信＋仲村健太郎、福永みくら、藤井昌美、藤田紗衣、古川あいか、ブレーカープロジェクト、星 拳五、堀 至以、ボン靖二、前畑裕司 / Norihito Hiraide、松本 力、Manila Books & Gift、三浦友里、三瓶玲奈、溝田尚子、三田村光土里、museum shop T、ミヤギフトシ、村上将城、MOTEL、morning service、もぐこん、本原令子、ヤノベケンジ、山城大督研究室、山田憲子、山村國晶、よはく舎、LIVERARY、Landschaft、リア制作室、RE/Search Publications、六根由里香============

[masatakeabe]

2月のスケジュール

2/3(土) 19:30-★

入谷なってるハウス

阿部真武　electricbass

藤原大輔　tenor sax

藤井信雄　drums

予約￥2000/当日￥2300 +order

ご予約はこちら↓

　　

　　　　

　　　

2/4（日）

"ノボリトリート"

⑴ 13:00-13:30 / 14:00-14:30

米澤一��

長与江里奈

久保佳絵

Osono

O'bo

さとうあい

本藤美咲

⑵ 15:30-16:00 / 16:30-17:00

米澤一平

土本花

石井あみ

阿部真武

穴井耕平

上村有紀

本藤美咲

※ 雨天開催,荒天中止

【料金】 無料(投げ銭)

【場所】 「小田急線登戸(ミライノバ)駅前(高架下)エリア」 神奈川県川崎市多摩区登戸3414-10

主催：TAMA VOICES 協力：ノートリボ

　　　　

　　　

2/9(金)19:30-※Bar BGM

筑波 Bar FROG

山本陽一 guitar

遠藤ふみ piano

阿部真武 electricbass

¥無料（投げ銭）

　

　　　　　

2/14（水）19:30-

入谷なってるハウス

しばてつ　piano

荒井康太　drums

阿部真武　electricbass

予約￥2000/当日￥2300 +order

ご予約はこちら↓

　

2/16 (金)19:30-

八丁堀七針

※ふみちゃんHPより引用

・ガラグア

　：田上碧(歌、声、ギター)

　　樋渡すなお(ギター、他)

　　宮坂遼太郎(打楽器、他)

・Uquwa

　：沼尾翔子(歌、声)

　　遠藤ふみ(ピアノ)

　　阿部真武(ベース)

　　白石美徳(ドラム)

ご予約はこちら↓

　　

　　　

2/17(土)20:00-

不動前Permian

Zhao Ziyi （from Beijing）electricbass

阿部真武　electricbass

投げ銭¥1000-3000

　　　　　

　　　　

2/21(水) 20:00-

柏Nardis

"Trio Plays Songs"

遠藤ふみ　piano

阿部真武　electricbass

白石美徳　drums

¥3080+order

　　　

　　　

2/23(金・祝)18:30-

神保町試聴室

"なごやのともだち2"

百景借景

【河合愼五、浅野紘子、篠田淳、桜井達也】

フジワラサトシgroup

【フジワラサトシ、遠藤ふみ、阿部真武、蒼波花音】

¥3000（1drink＋スナック付）

　

　　　

　　　

2/27(火)20:00-

千駄木Bar Isshee

”Accent grave”

大島輝之 guitar

藤巻鉄郎　drums

阿部真武 electricbass

　　

　　

[garanlin]

ご観劇くださった皆様、お心寄せてくださった皆様、ありがとうございました （Updated: 2024.07.29）

-------- 以下の公演は終了しました --------

〔4/26更新〕 伽藍琳は北條サン役で、全日程出演いたします（シングルキャスト） 文末に稽古場リポートも加筆しました→スクロールしてご覧ください

ミュージカル『この世界の片隅に』

＞チケットお取次について（G+のサイトへ） 〔4/26現在〕先行予約はすべて終了しておりますが、引き続き随時お申込受付中です。チケットお取次は、伽藍琳とこれまでに交流またはお取引のある方、その方からのご紹介の方のみとさせていただきます。「G+」サイトのパスワードやお申込方法は、お問合せください。

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※各公演地の開演日時等、詳細は上記 東宝の公式サイトをご覧ください

【東京】日生劇場 5月9日(木)-30日(木)

【北海道】札幌文化芸術劇場hitaru 6���6日(木)-9日(日)

【岩手】トーサイクラシックホール岩手 大ホール（岩手県民会館） 6月15日(土)-16日(日)

【新潟】新潟県民会館 大ホール 6月22日(土)-23日(日)

【愛知】御園座 6月28日(金)-30日(日)

【長野】まつもと市民芸術館 7月6日(土)-7日(日)

【茨城】水戸市民会館 グロービズホール 7月13日(土)-14日(日)

【大阪】ＳｋｙシアターＭＢＳ 7月18日(木)-21日(日)

【広島】呉信用金庫ホール（呉市文化ホール） 7月27日(土)-28日(日)

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原作：こうの史代『この世界の片隅に』 （ゼノンコミックス／コアミックス） 音楽：アンジェラ・アキ　 脚本・演出：上田一豪

■キャスト 浦野すず(Wキャスト)：昆夏美／大原櫻子 北條周作(Wキャスト)：海宝直人／村井良大 白木りん(Wキャスト)：平野綾／桜井玲香 水原哲(Wキャスト)：小野塚勇人／小林唯 浦野すみ：小向なる 黒村径子：音月桂

白木美貴子　川口竜也　加藤潤一 飯野めぐみ　家塚敦子　伽藍琳　小林遼介 小林諒音　鈴木結加里　高瀬雄史　丹宗立峰 中山昇　般若愛実　東倫太郎 舩山智香子　古川隼大　麦嶋真帆

桑原宏佳　澤田杏菜　嶋瀬晴 大村つばき　鞆琉那　増田梨沙

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▼（Updated: 2024.04.26） ミュージカル『この世界の片隅に』稽古ラストスパート！

作曲家アンジェラ・アキさんも立ち会いのもと、通し稽古→オケ合わせ→オケ付通し稽古と、最後の仕上げに入ります。

稽古ピアノ1本でも心揺さぶられる楽曲の数々。バンド編成ではどんなサウンドになるのか、本当に楽しみです！

当公演の企画発端は、10年ほど前に遡るそうです。その後、アンジェラさん作曲で『この世界の片隅に』ミュージカル化が決まり、脚本・演出の上田一豪さんと、どれだけの時間と労力、情熱をかけてディスカッションを繰り返し土台を作ってくださったか、美術や衣裳ほか各セクションのスタッフも加わって、私たち俳優が参加する稽古の前にどれだけの準備をしてくださったかを、通し稽古の映像を客観的に見てひしひしと感じています。 （劇場で販売される公演プログラムに、読み応えたっぷりの前日譚が載っています）

伽藍は今回、主人公すずが嫁いでくる北條周作の母、北條サンを演じます。

俳優が担う部分は氷山の一角ですが、原作者こうの史代さんが描き、スタッフの皆さんが世界観を作ってくれたこの作品に、実体として息吹を吹き込む役目をしっかり果たせるよう、まだまだ探求します！

皆様のお越しを劇場でお待ちしています。

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▼（Updated: 2024.04.24） 『この世界の片隅に』の楽曲をアンジェラ・アキさんが歌うnewアルバム、リリース！

稽古場では隅々まで目を配り、誰に対しても笑顔できさくに話しかけてくれるアンジェラさんの素敵なお人柄が、煌めく歌声に溢れています。

全曲FLASHには稽古場の映像もあります。ぜひ！

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▼（Updated: 2024.02.09） ミュージカル『この世界の片隅に』に出演いたします。

こうの史代さんの不朽の名作、同名のコミックスを原作に、ミュージカル化。

昨年1月に行われた、作曲のアンジェラ・アキさんと脚本・演出の上田一豪さんによる土台創りのワークショップに参加させていただき、出演の運びとなりました。

戦時下という非常時でも、日常の生活の中の悲喜交々に心揺らし生きた市井の人々を描く、そんな作品に関わりたいと、ずっと以前から願っていました。

3巻ある原作に時系列の巧みなアレンジを施した、一豪さんによる舞台版上演台本。 たおやかでいて力強く心の襞に語りかけてくる、アンジェラさんの楽曲の数々。

精一杯努めます。お誘い合わせてご観劇いただけましたら幸いです。

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[historysandwich]

【常威近代史】（八百二拾五回）

忠烈千秋英雄凜

時間線去到1940年嘅5月，5月1號，國民政府教育部規定每年進行學術著作、科技發明、藝術創作等評審，並且給予獎勵。5月2號，國民政府任命萬福麟(1880-1951)、鄒作華(1894-1973)、馬佔山(1885-1950)、繆澄流(1901-1990)分別擔任遼寧、吉林、黑龍江、熱河四省嘅政府主席。同一日，日軍大本營下達對中國內地實施空中打擊命令，之前已經講過，日軍改變策略，減少地面部隊陸地進攻，改用以本傷人，空中轟炸手段對付蔣介石重慶國民政府根據地，空軍優勢上，日本佔���百份百上風，不過投彈轟炸城市，就即係等於濫殺無辜。

5月2號，蔣介石喺成都召開空軍會議，並且出席四川省禁煙會議，之前亦都提過，四川省煙禍嚴重，實在禁之不絕，有大家仲記唔記得？四川一帶有700萬青洪幫會員，真係可以有幾亂有幾亂。5月4號，毛澤東指示中共東南局放手發展抗日力量，抵抗反共力量嘅進攻，簡單啲講，即係放開手打，唔好諗咁多，人若犯我，我必犯人，就係大原則。

5月4號，國民政府任命張彭春(1892-1954)為駐土耳其公使，張彭春係高級知識份子，天津人，近代偉大教育家張伯苓(1876-1951)胞弟，專長在戲劇同文學方面，曾任中華民國駐聯合國安全理事會代表、聯合國大會《世界人權宣言》主要起草人之一。張彭春出生響中國，響美國哥倫比亞大學(又係哥倫比亞大學同學會)接受高等教育。回國後，成為天津南開大學教授。1937年日本侵略中國後，佢加入南開大學抗日活動。侵華日軍佔領天津時，改扮女裝逃離天津。張彭春曾協助國民政府響歐洲同美國促進人們認識南京大屠殺，之後佢響芝加哥大學任教。

5月4號，八路軍第四、第五縱隊成立，彭雪楓(1907-1944)、黃克誠(1902-1986)分任司令員。同日，延安體育會成立，李富春(1900-1975)任名譽會長。5月5號，日軍5000餘人掃蕩冀東抗日根據地！5月7號，豫南國民黨單將日軍引到泌陽、桐柏一帶，予以圍剿。5月8號，棗陽失陷，國軍第173師師長鍾毅(1901-1940)於突圍時陣亡於唐河縣。日軍發動棗陽會戰，目的係確保武漢，並且西進威脅重慶。

5月11號，安徽省主席李品仙(1890-1987)喺皖南清鄉逮捕共產黨員與抗日進步人士。11號，教育部設立的學術審議委員會首次大會開幕。5月12號，豫鄂邊界日軍全線崩潰，被殲20000人。5月13號，日軍20000人進攻粵北，侵佔從化。5月14號，抗戰救國教學團團表李公樸(1902-1946)等到達八路軍總部。5月15號，八路軍再打擊石友三(1891-1940)部隊，大軍閥石友三亦會好快收皮。5月16號，國軍收復從化。

同一日，經過激烈慘戰，國軍亦都收復咗8日前失陷嘅棗陽，今個月1號，日軍7個師團分由三路進犯隨縣、棗陽。鍾祥、信陽2路日軍響飛機坦克掩護下向北進攻，企圖配合隨縣日軍進攻棗陽，以形成合圍之勢，殲滅第5戰區主力於唐河、白河之間。中國守軍第173師響棗陽以東阻敵進攻，自師長鍾毅以下全部大部份陣亡！真正可歌可泣。

5月8號，日軍攻佔棗陽，但國軍嘅主力部隊已經轉移至合圍圈外，重整旗鼓，並且開始對敵人實施反包圍。5月10號起，國軍對日軍發動反攻，日軍傷亡慘重，不得不向東南撤退。棗陽會戰，日軍死15000人，傷數萬人，並且損失大量輜重同軍用物資。

另外，國民黨高級將領，第33集團軍總司令張自忠將軍(1891-1940)率領部隊，響湖北宜城南瓜店截擊日軍，不幸中彈身亡！張自忠為山東臨清直隸州唐園村人，早年就學於天津法政學堂，曾經喺馮玉祥麾下擔任師長，原為西北軍系將領，中原大戰後接受中央政府改編。1933年參加長城抗戰，被授予青天白日勳章。1936年6月曾任天津市市長，1937年3月宋哲元派遣張自忠率團訪日，從4月23日至5月29日，張自忠訪問了東京、大阪、神戶、奈良、名古屋等地，但日方則宣傳為「代表團在日期間受到各方面熱烈的招待，滿載而歸，每個人都滿臉喜氣，親日氣氛的造成已收到相當效果。」雖然張自忠發表聲明稱僅考察日本工業，但國內輿論並不相信，自始張自忠被視為親日派，甚至是漢奸。。

但1937年七七盧溝橋事變爆發後，張自忠積極主張抗日，陞任第59軍軍長。1938年3月擊敗日寇於山東臨沂，有力支援咗台兒莊戰役，聲名大盛。之後張自忠擔任第27軍團軍團長、第33集團軍總司令、兼第5戰區右翼兵團總司令，參加過徐州會戰、武漢會戰以及棗宜會戰。今個月初，日軍進襲棗陽，張自忠將軍沉著應戰，響敵人潰敗南逃之時，張自忠將軍親自率領部隊東渡襄河截擊，響南瓜店同敵人激戰9日9夜，不幸係今日中彈殉國。國民政府為其舉行國葬儀式，蔣介石親手書寫「忠烈千秋」贈之，並追贈為陸軍上將，入祀忠烈祠，張自忠為第二次世界大戰中陣亡軍級最高一人，宜城縣亦改名��自忠縣。

#常威💀 #蔣介石平反系列  #佛經抄寫員 #中日戰爭 #中華民國

[aintnolionpridelands]

Musical theatre performers from Japan (+ Ramin) sing ‘Do You Hear The People Sing?’ (民衆の歌) from Les Misérables

Shows at Home Project: https://showsathome.wixsite.com/showsathome

Japanese Lyrics by 岩谷時子 (Tokiko Iwatani)

Cast: 浦井健治 (Kenji Urai) | 大原櫻子 (Sakurako Ohara) | 音月桂 (Kei Otozuki) | 尾上松也 (Matsuya Onoe) | 海宝直人 (Naoto Kaiho) | 加藤和樹 (Kazuki Kato) | 加藤清史郎 (Seishiro Kato) | 上山竜治 (Ryuji Kamiyama) | Crystal Kay | 小南満佑子 (Mayuko Kominami) | 小西遼生 (Ryosei Konishi) | 昆夏美 (Natsumi Kon) | 斉藤 慎二 (Shinji Saitov) | 咲妃みゆ (Miyu Sakihi) | 笹本玲奈 (Rena Sasamoto) | 佐藤隆紀 (Takanori Sato) | 清水彩花 (Ayaka Shimizu) | 城田優 (Yu Shirota) | 田代万里生 (Mario Tashiro) | 中川晃教 (Akinori Nakagawa) | 西川大貴 (Taiki Nishikawa) | 愛希れいか (Manaki Reika) | 三浦涼介 (Ryouske Miura) | 宮澤エマ (Emma Miyazawa) | 濱田めぐみ (Megumi Hamada) | 原田優一 (Yuichi Harada) | 平原綾香 (Ayaka Hirahara) | フランク莉奈 (Rina Frank) | Ramin Karimloo | 山崎育三郎 (Ikusaburo Yamazaki) | 

Chorus: 石田佳名子 (Kanako Ishida) | 川島大典 (Daisuke Kawashima) | 木南清香 (Sayaka Kinami) | 杉浦奎介 (Keisuke Sugiura) | 持木悠 (Yu Mochiki) | 横田剛基 (Yoshiki Yokota) | 

Pf.奥田祐 (Yu Okuda) | Drs.岩根圭佑 (Keisuke Iwane) | Gt.川相賢太郎 (Kentaro Kawai) | Bs.遠藤優樹 (Yuuki Endo) | Vn.地行美穂 (Miho Chigyo) | 

[mother-news]

公開記念リモート舞台挨拶 レポート

本作の公開を記念した舞台挨拶が7月4日（土）に行われ、長澤まさみさん、奥平大兼さん、阿部サダヲさん、郡司翔くん、浅田芭路ちゃん、大森立嗣監督が登壇しました。

この度行われたのは全国5大都市、全15 劇場を繋ぐ“公開記念リモート舞台挨拶”。観客の方の安全を第一に考えながら、「皆さんに感謝の気持ちを伝えたい」というキャストや監督の想いを届けるため、TOHOシネマズでは初めての“リモート舞台挨拶”を実施！

「試写室」にいる監督キャストと、同日にオープンした「TOHOシネマズ池袋」の観客が声と映像で繋がり、本作を見終わったばかりのTOHOシネマズ池袋の観客がライブで映し出されるスクリーン前に登場した監督とキャスト陣。TOHOシネマズ池袋で鑑賞した観客からの「面白かった！」との声がリアルに届く“コール&レスポンス”状態にキャスト陣も感激！

長澤さんは「こんな大変な中、映画館に足を運んで頂き、本当にありがとうございます」とその歓声に答え、先日行われた完成披露に続いて人生2回目となる舞台挨拶に登壇した奥平さんは「特殊な環境で、焦り気味です…」とわずかに緊張をにじませました。観客の反応がスクリーンで見ることのできる本舞台挨拶に対して阿部さんは「本作観賞後のお客さんの反応が見られるのが今日初めてで…（映し出される観客の様子を見て）でも、マスクをしてるからお客さんの顔が見えないのが残念だなあ」と述べつつ「僕の演じた“遼”ってホスト役、どうでした？イラっとした人、手をあげてください」と問いかけ、ほぼ全員が挙手！「演ってよかったです（笑）」と、初めてのリモート舞台挨拶を早速使いこなし、ライブで繋がったTOHOシネマズ池袋の観客とのコミュニケーションを楽しみました。

その後、郡司翔くんと浅田芭路ちゃんが自分たちの“両親（長澤・阿部）”にプレゼントするため、映画のテーマカラーでもある青いカーネーションの花束をもって登壇！映画の撮影現場について聞かれた郡司くんは「楽しかった！」と言い、芭路ちゃんは「周平くん（奥平）とは一緒にご飯食べたり遊んだり、いっぱい楽しいことがあったし…お母さん（長澤）から、お布���でぐるぐる巻きにされて一緒に遊んだり、あとお父さん（阿部）はちょっと悪いお父さん役だったけど、家族で焼肉を食べるシーンでは一緒に爆笑して、良い思い出ができました」と、ともに9歳と６歳とは思えないしっかりした受け答えを披露。

最後に、長澤さんは「親子の向き合い方についてそれぞれが考えたりするきっかけになる映画かなと思っています。びっくりするシーンもたくさんあると思いますが、そういった所だけではなくて、どこか“普遍的なもの”っていうのを感じてもらえる、そんな問いかけのある映画になっているかなと思います」と語り、奥平さんは「周平目線だけじゃなく、秋子目線でも見ることによって、映画の感じ方がいろいろ変わってくる映画だと思っています。家に帰って『こういう環境の人たちもいる』って少し頭のどこかにおいて欲しいなと思いました」と述べ、阿部さんは「リモートで全国で繋がっているのは嬉しいです！」と久々に観客の方達と繋がることができた感動を伝えた後、本作が実際の事件がモチーフになってることにも触れ「この映画のような状況が身近にも起こりかねない」と“見た人、これから見る人でこのことについて話してみて欲しい”とその想いを伝えました。 大森監督は「本作は親子の関係を描いているのですが、本作の親子は僕たちのイメージを超えていくるような親子なので、それをどう撮っていくか、というのを俳優たちとコラボレーションしながら作ってきました。長澤さんとか、奥平くんの表情とか、この映画でしかできないことができたんじゃないかなと思っています」と無事公開を迎えた作品への想いを語り、舞台挨拶は幕を閉じました。

[leenaevilin-birthday-calendar]

[January] J-Actors Birthday Calendar

♪ January 1st

◎ Harashima Motohisa 原嶋元久 1993

◎ Mizuishi Atomu 水石亜飛夢 1996

♪ January 2nd

◎

♪ January 3rd

◎ Shiono Akihisa 塩野瑛久 1995

♪ January 4th

◎ Kanda Masakazu 神田聖司 1994

◎ Wada Takuma 和田琢磨 1986

♪ January 5th

◎ Hayashino Takeshi 林野健志 1980

◎ Koike Teppei 小池徹平 1986

◎ Mashiko Atsuki 増子敦貴 2000

◎ Murakami Kisuke 村上貴亮 1995

♪ January 6th

◎ Akira 瑛 1997

◎ Kizu Tsubasa 木津つばさ 1998

◎ Matsumura Yuu 松村優

◎ Momiki Yoshito 籾木芳仁 1992

◎ Tanaka Suguru 田中精 1977

◎ Yokoo Rui 横尾瑠尉 1984

♪ January 7th

◎ Ishiwatari Mashuu 石渡真修 1993

◎ Kashiwagi Souta 柏木湊太 1995

◎ Okamoto Yuuki 岡本悠紀 1989

◎ Shindou Gaku 進藤学 1980

◎ Tomita Shou 富田翔 1982

♪ January 8th

◎ Kazunari 和成 1989

♪ January 9th

◎ Imari Yuu 伊万里有 1988

◎ Oosumi Yuuta 大隅勇太 1995

♪ January 10th

◎ Ishiguro Hideo 石黒英雄 1989

◎ Kiyama Haruki 丘山晴己 1985

♪ January 11th

◎ Akazawa Ryoutarou 赤澤遼太郎 1997

♪ January 12th

◎ Iwata Tomoki 岩田知樹 1996

◎ Kubota Hidetoshi 久保田秀敏 1987

◎ Tsujimoto Yuuki 辻本祐樹 1985

♪ January 13th

◎

♪ January 14th

◎ Fuchino Yuuto 渕野右登 1995

◎ Hashimoto Atsushi 橋本淳 1987

◎ Takeda Kouhei 武田航平 1986

◎ Tamaki Hiroshi 玉木宏 1980

♪ January 15th

◎

♪ January 16th

◎ Ichichi Raito 伊地智頼統 2000

◎ Jinnai Shou 陳内将 1988

◎ Utsumi Akiyoshi 内海啓貴 1995

♪ January 17th

◎ Izaki Ryuujirou 伊崎龍次郎 1994

◎ Kanshuuji Reo 勧修寺玲旺 1998

◎ Niihara Takeshi 新原武 1981

◎ Satou Ryuuji 佐藤流司 1995

◎ Takamatsu Kouichi 鷹松宏一 1991

♪ January 18th

◎ Ayukawa Taiyou 鮎川太陽 1991

◎ Yamagiwa Kaito 山際海斗 1995

♪ January 19th

◎ Higano Shou 日向野祥 1991

◎ Oota Motohiro 太田基裕 1987

◎ Watanabe Aoto 渡辺碧斗 1998

◎ Yamamoto Yuusuke 山本裕典 1988 

♪ January 20th 

◎ Doi Kazumi 土井一海 1989

◎ Kubodera Akira 窪寺昭 1977

◎ Yanagihara Rin 柳原凛 1995

♪ January 21st

◎ Miyamoto Hidemitsu 宮元英光 1992

◎ Suzuki Youta 鈴木遥太 2000

◎ Sonomura Masashi 園村将司 1998

♪ January 22nd

◎ Nagata Akira 永田彬 1985

◎ Nukanobu Taishuu 糠信泰州 1998

◎ Sano Daiki 佐野大樹 1979

◎ Toda Shingo 戸田慎吾 1988

♪ January 23rd

◎ Sawada Takurou 澤田拓郎 1993

♪ January 24th

◎

♪ January 25th 

◎ Kitamura Ryou 北村諒 1991

◎ Kishi Kouhei 貴志晃平 1998

◎ Miyazaki Yuu 宮崎湧 1995

◎ Ozawa Ryouta 小澤亮太 1988

◎ Sugawara Takuma 菅原卓磨 1978

◎ Yamaki Toru 山木透 1995

♪ January 26th

◎ 

♪ January 27th

◎

♪ January 28th

◎ Itagaki Rihito 板垣李光人 2002

◎ Katou Ken 加藤健 1997

◎ Sakamoto Kota 坂本康太 1992

◎ Yokoi Shoujirou 横井翔二郎 1991

♪ January 29th

◎ Kaji Masaki 加治将樹 1988

◎ Mende Tomoyuki 免出知之 1985

♪ January 30th

◎ Ara Kazuharu 荒一陽 1995

◎ Imagawa Aoi 今川碧海 1999

♪ January 31st

◎ Igarashi Maasa 五十嵐麻朝 1985

◎ Kimisawa Yuuki 君沢ユウキ 1985

◎ Mayama Akihiro 真山明大 1988

◎ Tarumi Keisuke 夛留見啓助 1987

[fuyonggu]

SGZ Biography of Zhuge Liang (Until Liu Bei’s Death)

I had a draft of this I was working on earlier. Daolun might appreciate it for his articles.

諸葛亮字孔明，琅邪陽都人也。漢司隸校尉諸葛豐後也。父圭，字君貢，漢末為太山郡丞。亮早孤，從父玄為袁術所署豫章太守，玄將亮及亮弟均之官。會漢朝更選朱皓代玄。玄素與荊州牧劉表有舊，往依之。玄卒，亮躬畊隴畝，好為《梁父吟》。身長八尺，每自比於管仲、樂毅，時人莫之許也。惟博陵崔州平、潁川徐庶元直與亮友善，謂為信然。

Zhuge Liang, styled Kongming, was a native of Yangdu county in Langye commandary. He was a descendant of the Han dynasty's Colonel-Director of Retainers, Zhuge Feng. 

Zhuge Liang’s father was Zhuge Gui, styled Jungong, who served as a Minister of Taishan commandary during the final years of the Han dynasty. But Zhuge Gui passed away while Zhuge Liang was still young. Zhuge Liang thus went to live with his uncle, Zhuge Xuan, when Zhuge Xuan was appointed by Yuan Shu as Administrator of Yuzhang. Not long afterwards, the Han court appointed Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan as Administrator. So since Zhuge Xuan had an existing relationship with the Governor of Jingzhou, Liu Biao, he and his nephews went to stay with Liu Biao instead. 

By the time Zhuge Xuan passed away, Zhuge Liang had taken up farming, and he was fond of the Song of Liangfu. He grew to be eight chi tall. He was always comparing himself to the ancients Guan Zhong and Yue Yi. Hardly anyone agreed with such an assessment; only Cui Zhouping of Boling commandary and Xu Shu of Yingchuan commandary (styled Yuanzhi), who were his good friends, said he was right to think so.

〈《獻帝春秋》曰：初，豫章太守周術病卒，劉表上諸葛玄為豫章太守，治南昌。漢朝聞周術死，遣朱皓代玄。皓從揚州刺史劉繇求兵擊玄，玄退屯西城，皓入南昌。建安二年正月，西城民反，殺玄，送首詣繇。此書所云，與本傳不同。〉〈《漢晉春秋》曰：亮家于南陽之鄧縣，在襄陽城西二十里，號曰隆中。〉〈按《崔氏譜》：州平，太尉烈子，均之弟也。《魏略》曰：亮在荊州，以建安初與潁川石廣元、徐元直、汝南孟公威等俱游學，三人務於精熟，而亮獨觀其大略。每晨夜從容，常抱膝長嘯，而謂三人曰：「卿三人仕進可至刺史郡守也。」三人問其所至，亮但笑而不言。後公威思鄉里，欲北歸，亮謂之曰：「中國饒士大夫，遨遊何必故鄉邪！」臣松之以為《魏略》此言，謂諸葛亮為公威計者可也，若謂兼為己言，可謂未達其心矣。老氏稱知人者智，自知者明，凡在賢達之流，固必兼而有焉。以諸葛亮之鑒識，豈不能自審其分乎？夫其高吟俟時，情見乎言，志氣所存，既已定於其始矣。若使游步中華，騁其龍光，豈夫多士所能沈翳哉！委質魏氏，展其器能，誠非陳長文、司馬仲達所能頡頏，而況於餘哉！苟不患功業不就，道之不行，雖志恢宇宙而終不北向者，蓋以權御已移，漢祚將傾，方將翊贊宗傑，以興微繼絕克復為己任故也。豈其區區利在邊鄙而已乎！此相如所謂「鵾鵬已翔於遼廓，而羅者猶視於藪澤」者矣。公威名建，在魏亦貴達。〉

(The Annals of Emperor Xian states, "When the Administrator of Yuzhang, Zhou Shu, passed away of illness, Liu Biao originally sent up a petition stating that he had appointed Zhuge Xuan as the new Administrator, with his headquarters at Nanchang. But when the Han court heard that Zhou Shu had died, they sent Zhu Hao to take over the post from Zhuge Xuan. Zhu Hao asked the Inspector of Yangzhou, Liu Yao, for troops and then attacked Zhuge Xuan. Zhuge Xuan withdrew to camp at Xicheng, while Zhu Hao entered Nanchang. In the second year of Jian'an (197), the first month, the people of Xicheng rebelled; they killed Zhuge Xuan and brought his head to Liu Yao." This account naturally conflicts with the base biography.

Xi Zuochi's Annals of Han and Jin states, "Zhuge Liang's family lived in Deng county in Nanyang commandary, twenty li west from the city of Xiangyang, at a place called Longzhong."

According to the Registry of the Cui Clan, this Cui Zhouping was "the son of the Grand Commandant, Cui Lie, and the younger brother of Cui Jun".

The Weilue states, "During the days that Zhuge Liang lived in Jingzhou at the beginning of the Jian'an reign era (after 196), he spent his time wandering and learning in the company of such people as Shi Guangyuan and Xu Yuanzhi (Xu Shu) of Yingchuan commandary and Meng Gongwei of Runan commandary. Now these three fellows each had their talents, but Zhuge Liang still saw himself as greater than them. Whenever they were enjoying a moment of respite during the mornings or evenings, Zhuge Liang would often rub his knees and make a long sigh. He would say to the other three, 'Perhaps you gentlemen will rise high enough to become Inspectors or Administrators.' When they asked him what fate he saw for himself, he would only laugh without answering. Later, when Shi Guangyuan grew homesick and wished to return north, Zhuge Liang said to him, 'The Middle Kingdom is full of great leaders and gentlemen. Wander if you like, but can you really be sure of getting home again?'"

This Meng Gongwei was named Meng Jian; he also enjoyed honor and success in Wei.

In my (Pei Songzhi's) view, both Zhuge Liang's comments to Shi Guangyuan and his earlier words were indications that Zhuge Liang felt that he was not yet able to fulfill his desires. Laozi commended those who could recognize the value of others as knowledgeable and those who could appreciate their own worth as wise, and truly worthy and successful were those who displayed both these talents. Could a man of Zhuge Liang's perception and intellect have failed to recognize his own worth? He may have been indulging in songs and playing for time, but judging by his words and his feelings, his great ambitions and passions were already formed by this time.

Suppose Zhuge Liang had decided to wander through the heartlands of the dynasty and display his magnificence. Even a deluge of talents would not have been enough to obscure him! He might have given himself over to Wei, and there developed his potential and his abilities. Had he done so, he truly would have outshone even Chen Changwen (Chen Qun) and Sima Zhongda (Sima Yi), much less anyone else! No deed or endeavor would have been impossible for him; no path would have been closed to him. Yet despite being a man of such boundless ambition, in the end, he did not go north. He must have done so because he perceived that the dynasty's authority was already gone and it was on the brink of collapse, and so he wished to serve and assist some worthy relative of the dynasty to restore what had fallen, continue what had been broken, and revive what had been ended. Would he have ever limited himself to merely eking out a meager living in some border region? The proverb sums it up: "the great birds soar across the wide world, but even a bound one will still glance longingly towards the lakes and ponds."

時先主屯新野。徐庶見先主，先主器之，謂先主曰：「諸葛孔明者，臥龍也，將軍豈願見之乎？」先主曰：「君與俱來。」庶曰：「此人可就見，不可屈致也。將軍宜枉駕顧之。」由是先主遂詣亮，凡三往，乃見。因屏人曰：「漢室傾頹，姦臣竊命，主上蒙塵。孤不度德量力，欲信大義於天下，而智術淺短，遂用猖（獗）〔蹶〕，至于今日。然志猶未已，君謂計將安出？」亮答曰：自董卓已來，豪傑并起，跨州連郡者不可勝數。曹操比於袁紹，則名微而眾寡，然操遂能克紹，以弱為強者，非惟天時，抑亦人謀也。今操已擁百萬之眾，挾天子而令諸侯，此誠不可與爭鋒。孫權據有江東，已歷三世，國險而民附，賢能為之用，此可以為援而不可圖也。荊州北據漢、沔，利盡南海，東連吳會，西通巴、蜀，此用武之國，而其主不能守，此殆天所以資將軍，將軍豈有意乎？益州險塞，沃野千里，天府之土，高祖因之以成帝業。劉璋闇弱，張魯在北，民殷國富而不知存恤，智能之士思得明君。將軍既帝室之冑，信義著於四海，總攬英雄，思賢如渴，若跨有荊、益，保其巖阻，西和諸戎，南撫夷越，外結好孫權，內修政理﹔天下有變，則命一上將將荊州之軍以向宛、洛，將軍身率益州之眾出於秦川，百姓孰敢不簞食壺漿以迎將軍者乎？誠如是，則霸業可成，漢室可興矣。先主曰：「善！」於是與亮情好日密。關羽、張飛等不悅，先主解之曰：「孤之有孔明，猶魚之有水也。願諸君勿復言。」羽、飛乃止。

At this time, Liu Bei was camped at Xinye. Xu Shu came to see him, and Liu Bei appreciated him. Xu Shu told Liu Bei, "Zhuge Kongming (Zhuge Liang) is known as Sleeping Dragon. General, would you be willing to meet him?" 

Liu Bei said, "Sir, let him come with you to see me." 

Xu Shu replied, "He is the sort of man whom you may visit, but he will not deign to come to you. I hope you will condescend to visit him." 

So Liu Bei went to meet Zhuge Liang, finally seeing him on his third visit. Liu Bei privately said to him, "The house of Han is in dire straights; a wicked (or perverse) minister is eyeing the Mandate for himself, while our sovereign suffers in exile. Though I am not possessed of virtue or blessed with strength, still I wish to restore what is right to the realm. My cunning and my skills are shallow and lacking, which has caused me to suffer several terrible stumbles. But even so, I have not given up on my ambition. Sir, what do you propose that I should do?"

Zhuge Liang replied, "Ever since Dong Zhuo's day, countless heroes have risen up to stand astride the provinces and control the commandaries. Consider Cao Cao: if we compare him to Yuan Shao, his reputation was not as great, and his army was not as numerous. Yet in the end, he was able to overcome Yuan Shao. This was an instance of the weak defeating the strong. Even if you say that Heaven had willed it to be so, it still required the planning of mortals to see it through. By now, Cao Cao has already assembled an army of a million soldiers, and he keeps the Son of Heaven in his power so that he may 'command the feudal lords' to heed his will. He cannot be confronted directly. There is also Sun Quan to consider: he wields control over the Southland, where his family has enjoyed power for three generations. His domain enjoys good natural defenses, his people are bonded to him, and he employs the worthy and able. You would be able to gain support from him, but he too cannot be conquered.

"Now consider Jingzhou: it is flanked by the Han and Mian Rivers to the north while enjoying all the bounty of the southern sea, and it borders Wu and Kuaiji to the east and Ba and Shu to the west. It is well suited for supporting military endeavors. Yet the lord of Jingzhou is unable to defend it. General, it is almost as though Heaven has furnished Jingzhou in order to deliver it right into your own hands; can you have no desire for it? Not only that, there is Yizhou: blessed with both sturdy natural defenses and a thousand li of fertile fields for harvest, it is a storehouse of Heaven's produce. It was for that reason that Gaozu (Liu Bang), using this region as his base, was able to achieve his ambition of becoming Emperor. But the current lord of Yizhou, Liu Zhang, is blind and weak, and Zhang Lu is to his north. Yizhou is a rich land and filled with people, yet he cannot (or, does not know how to) bring them comfort, and people of ability and intellect long to be ruled by a wise sovereign.

"General, you yourself are a descendant of the royal lineage, and your trustworthy and righteous reputation has spread all throughout the Four Seas; you gather and command bold heroes, and you seek worthy people like one thirsts for water. So I propose that you take control of Jingzhou and Yizhou for yourself. Then guard their defensive points (or mountain ranges), while you achieve peace with the Rong tribes in the west, bring comfort to the Yi tribes of Yue in the south, form ties with Sun Quan without, and reform and perfect your government within. Eventually, once some great opportunity presents itself, you may appoint a supreme general to lead the armies of Jingzhou towards Wan and Luoyang, while you lead the armies of Yizhou out into Qinzhou. At that time, who will dare not to come to welcome you and present you with food and drink? By doing these things, you may achieve your design as a hegemon, and the Han royal family may flourish once more."

Liu Bei said, "Excellent!" And he became close to Zhuge Liang and spent days together with him. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and others were not pleased, but Liu Bei explained to them, "Now that I have found Kongming, I am like a fish that has found water. Gentlemen, please say nothing further about this." So Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stopped.

〈《襄陽記》曰：劉備訪世事於司馬德操。德操曰：「儒生俗士，豈識時務？識時務者在乎俊傑。此間自有伏龍、鳳雛。」備問為誰，曰：「諸葛孔明、龐士元也。」〉〈《魏略》曰：劉備屯於樊城。是時曹公方定河北，亮知荊州次當受敵，而劉表性緩，不曉軍事。亮乃北行見備，備與亮非舊，又以其年少，以諸生意待之。坐集既畢，眾賓皆去，而亮獨留，備亦不問其所欲言。備性好結毦，時適有人以髦牛尾與備者，備因手自結之。亮乃���曰：「明將軍當復有遠志，但結毦而已邪！」備知亮非常人也，乃投毦而答曰：「是何言與！我聊以忘憂耳。」亮遂言曰：「將軍度劉鎮南孰與曹公邪？」備曰：「不及。」亮又曰：「將軍自度何如也？」備曰：「亦不如。」曰：「今皆不及，而將軍之眾不過數千人，以此待敵，得無非計乎！」備曰：「我亦愁之，當若之何？」亮曰：「今荊州非少人也，而著籍者寡，平居發調，則人心不悅；可語鎮南，令國中凡有游戶，皆使自實，因錄以益眾可也。」備從其計，故眾遂強。備由此知亮有英略，乃以上客禮之。九州春秋所言亦如之。臣松之以為亮表云「先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顧臣於草廬之中，諮臣以當世之事」，則非亮先詣備，明矣。雖聞見異辭，各生彼此，然乖背至是，亦良為可怪。〉

(Xi Zuochi's Records of Xiangyang states, "Liu Bei discussed the affairs of the day with Sima Decao (Sima Hui). Sima Decao told him, 'What could mere scholars or common fellows understand of modern circumstances? It is those who are knowledgeable of such things that are the real talents. And among this sort are Crouching Dragon and Fledging Phoenix.' Liu Bei asked him who these two were, and Sima Decao replied, 'Zhuge Kongming and Xu Shiyuan.'"

The Weilue states, "During the time that Cao Cao was pacifying the region north of the Yellow River, Liu Bei was camped at Fancheng. Zhuge Liang knew that Jingzhou would be Cao Cao's next target. Yet Liu Biao had a complacent nature and did not grasp military matters. So Zhuge Liang went north to see Liu Bei. 

“Since Zhuge Liang was a young man and had no prior relationship with Liu Bei, Liu Bei received him in the company of several other people. After the meeting had ended and the other guests all left, Zhuge Liang remained behind. However, Liu Bei did not ask him what he wanted to say. Instead, since Liu Bei had a habit of braiding bits of hair together and someone had given him some tail-hairs from horses and oxen, he was braiding them together. Zhuge Liang stepped forward and declared, 'A wise general ought to be considering long-term plans, not merely braid together some hairs!' 

“Liu Bei realized that Zhuge Liang was no ordinary fellow. He tossed the hairs aside and laughed, saying, 'Why say such a thing? I was merely amusing myself to forget my concerns.' 

“Zhuge Liang then said, 'General, do you think General Liu (Liu Biao) is any match for Lord Cao (Cao Cao)?' 

“Liu Bei replied, 'He is not.' 

“Zhuge Liang said, 'And how do you yourself compare?' 

“Liu Bei replied, 'I am not his equal either.'

“Zhuge Liang said, 'So you recognize that neither of you is a match for him. Yet General, your army is no more than a few thousand soldiers. You intend to meet the enemy with such an army? What sort of plan is that?' 

“Liu Bei replied, 'That is just what concerns me. But what am I to do about it?' 

“Zhuge Liang said, 'Jingzhou currently has a considerable population. Yet the official population registries are quite meager. If you attempted to draft soldiers from among those who are already registered and have settled lives here, they will not be happy to suffer such disturbances. But you might tell General Liu to command all refugee households in the province to register themselves, and once they do so, you can further your numbers by drafting from among them instead.' 

“Liu Bei followed his advice, and his army was thus strengthened. So Liu Bei knew that Zhuge Liang had heroic cunning, and he treated him as a guest of honor." 

The Annals of the Nine Provinces has the same account. 

Now regarding these two accounts, your servant Pei Songzhi notes that Zhuge Liang later wrote in his first petition to Liu Shan that "The First Sovereign (Liu Bei) overlooked my obscurity and humbled himself to come three times to my thatched cottage seeking me, in order to discuss the affairs of the age with me". So it seems clear that it cannot have been the case that Zhuge Liang was the one who approached Liu Bei first. Yet it does seem remarkable that two other texts would have an account of their meeting both so similar to one another and so different from Chen Shou's version.)

劉表長子琦，亦深器亮。表受後妻之言，愛少子琮，不悅於琦。琦每欲與亮謀自安之術，亮輒拒塞，未與處畫。琦乃將亮游觀後園，共上高樓，飲宴之間，令人去梯，因謂亮曰：「今日上不至天，下不至地，言出子口，入於吾耳，可以言不？」亮答曰：「君不見申生在內而危，重耳在外而安乎？」琦意感悟，陰規出計。會黃祖死，得出，遂為江夏太守。俄而表卒，琮聞曹公來征，遣使請降。先主在樊聞之，率其眾南行，亮與徐庶并從，為曹公所追破，獲庶母。庶辭先主而指其心曰：「本欲與將軍共圖王霸之業者，以此方寸之地也。今已失老母，方寸亂矣，無益於事，請從此別。」遂詣曹公。

Liu Biao's eldest son Liu Qi also highly esteemed Zhuge Liang. Now Liu Biao had heeded the words of his second wife and began to favor his younger son Liu Cong, and was no longer pleased with Liu Qi. Liu Qi thus kept asking Zhuge Liang for a plan to help secure his position. However, Zhuge Liang kept putting him off, not wanting to be compelled to make a plan for him. 

Thus, during an occasion when Liu Qi had brought Zhuge Liang to walk through and observe the rear gardens and they went up into a tall tower together, Liu Qi ordered someone to take the ladder away. He then said to Zhuge Liang, "Today we are cut off from both Heaven above and the earth below, so the words you speak shall be heard by my ears alone. Will you not say something?" 

Zhuge Liang replied, "Sir, you are perhaps familiar with the ancient Duke Xian of Jin, whose wife Li Ji turned him against his sons Shensheng and Chong'er. Do you recall that Shensheng remained with his family and thus met his doom, while Chong'er fled the state and thus saved his life and became Duke Wen of Jin in the end?" 

Liu Qi realized what Zhuge Liang was suggesting, so he secretly developed a plan to make his own escape. Not long afterwards, the border general Huang Zu was killed, and thus offered an opportunity to leave Xiangyang, Liu Qi had himself appointed as Administrator of Jiangxia to succeed Huang Zu. 

Soon afterwards, Liu Biao passed away. When Liu Cong heard that Cao Cao was coming to campaign against Jingzhou, he sent envoys to him asking to surrender. Liu Bei was still at Fan, but when he learned that Liu Cong was surrendering, he led his forces south. Zhuge Liang and Xu Shu both accompanied him. But Liu Bei's forces were pursued and routed by Cao Cao, and Xu Shu's mother was captured. Xu Shu then took his leave of Liu Bei; pointing to his heart, he said, "This little heart of mine dearly wished to help you achieve your conquest, General. But now my old mother is lost, and my heart is in such turmoil that I would be of no use to you. Please allow us to part ways." And he went to visit Cao Cao.

〈《魏略》曰：庶先名福，本單家子，少好任俠擊劍。中平末，嘗為人報讎，白堊突面，被髪而走，為吏所得，問其姓字，閉口不言。吏乃於車上立柱維磔之，擊鼓以令於市鄽，莫敢識者，而其黨伍共篡解之，得脫。於是感激，棄其刀戟，更疏巾單衣，折節學問。始詣精舍，諸生聞其前作賊，不肯與共止。福乃卑躬早起，常獨掃除，動靜先意，聽習經業，義理精熟。遂與同郡石韜相親愛。初平中，中州兵起，乃與韜南客荊州，到，又與諸葛亮特相善。及荊州內附，孔明與劉備相隨去，福與韜俱來北。至黃初中，韜仕歷郡守、典農校尉，福至右中郎將、御史中丞。逮大和中，諸葛亮出隴右，聞元直、廣元仕財如此，嘆曰：「魏殊多士邪！何彼二人不見用乎？」庶後數年病卒，有碑在彭城，今猶存焉。〉

(The Weilue states, "Xu Shu was originally named Shan Fu. As a young man, he enjoyed being a wandering tough and fighting people with his sword. 

“On one occasion during the Zhongping reign era (184-189), he took revenge on behalf of someone else. Then, marking his face with chalk and letting down his hair, he tried to flee, but was caught by the officials. They asked him to identify himself, but he refused to say anything. The officials then tied him to a post atop a cart and beat the drums as they paraded him through the marketplace, but no one dared to recognize him. However, his fellows were able to break his bonds and let him escape. 

“Shan Fu was so moved by this experience that he gave up the life of the blade, and putting on a thin scarf and plain clothes, he began applying himself to his studies. When he first came to the house of refinement, the other students ostracized him because they had heard about his past misdeeds. But Shan Fu remained humble, rose early, often swept the place alone, thought before he acted, remained diligent in his studies, and perfected his morals and his reasoning. He became good friends with a man from the same commandary as him, Shi Tao.

“At the beginning of the Chuping reign era (~190), when civil strife in the Central Provinces began, Shan Fu and Shi Tao went south to live as refugees in Jingzhou, and upon arriving there Shan Fu became especially close to Zhuge Liang. After Jingzhou fell under the control of Cao Cao, Kongming left along with Liu Bei, while Shan Fu and Shi Tao returned home to the north. 

“By the time of the Huangchu reign era (220-226), Shi Tao had served as an Administrator and as Colonel of Agriculture, while Shan Fu had served as General of the Household Gentlemen of the Right and Middle Assistant to the Imperial Secretary. During the Dahe [Taihe] reign era (226-233), when Zhuge Liang came to Longyou on his northern campaign, when he heard that Yuanzhi and Guangyuan had been given such meager ranks and salaries, he lamented, 'How many talents Wei must have! Why did they not make greater use of those two gentlemen?' 

“Shan Fu passed away of illness several years later. A stele was erected for him at Pengcheng, and even today (~265) it is still there.")

[Due to the uncertainties of the end of quotes, it’s possible that Pei Songzhi was saying that this stele still existed in his own time, ie ~429.]

先主至於夏口，亮曰：「事急矣，請奉命求救於孫將軍。」時權擁軍在柴桑，觀望成敗，亮說權曰：「海內大亂，將軍起兵據有江東，劉豫州亦收眾漢南，與曹操并爭天下。今操芟夷大難，略已平矣，遂破荊州，威震四海。英雄無所用武，故豫州遁逃至此。將軍量力而處之：若能以吳、越之眾與中國抗衡，不如早與之絕﹔若不能當，何不案兵束甲，北面而事之！今將軍外託服從之名，而內懷猶豫之計，事急而不斷，禍至無日矣！」權曰：「苟如君言，劉豫州何不遂事之乎？」亮曰：「田橫，齊之壯士耳，猶守義不辱，況劉豫州王室之冑，英才蓋世，眾士仰慕，若水之歸海，若事之不濟，此乃天也，安能復為之下乎！」權勃然曰：「吾不能舉全吳之地，十萬之眾，受制於人。吾計決矣！非劉豫州莫可以當曹操者，然豫州新敗之後，安能抗此難乎？」亮曰：「豫州軍雖敗於長阪，今戰士還者及關羽水軍精甲萬人，劉琦合江夏戰士亦不下萬人。曹操之眾，遠來疲弊，聞追豫州，輕騎一日一夜行三百餘里，此所謂『彊弩之末，勢不能穿魯縞』者也。故兵法忌之，曰『必蹶上將軍』。且北方之人，不習水戰﹔又荊州之民附操者，逼兵勢耳，非心服也。今將軍誠能命猛將統兵數萬，與豫州協規同力，破操軍必矣。操軍破，必北還，如此則荊、吳之勢彊，鼎足之形成矣。成敗之機，在於今日。」權大悅，即遣周瑜、程普、魯肅等水軍三萬，隨亮詣先主，并力拒曹公。曹公敗於赤壁，引軍歸鄴。先主遂收江南，以亮為軍師中郎將，使督零陵、桂陽、長沙三郡，調其賦稅，以充軍實。

When Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, Zhuge Liang said to him, "The situation is serious. Please grant me your authority to ask for aid from General Sun Quan." 

At that time, Sun Quan was keeping his army held back at Chaisang, watching and waiting to see who was going to triumph. Zhuge Liang advised him, "General, you see for yourself how all the land within the seas is in great turmoil. You have risen up with troops and occupied the Southland as your own, while the Inspector of Yuzhou (Liu Bei) has gathered an army from those people living south of the Han River. Currently, both of you are contending with Cao Cao for control of the realm. However, Cao Cao has nearly already rooted out and vanquished the major internal threats to his rule, and now that he has routed General Liu, his authority shakes the Four Seas. Even heroes have not been able to stand against him, and thus General Liu has been compelled to flee here. 

“As for you, General, you have considerable strength of your own at your command. Yet you remain waiting here. If you truly believe that the armies of the Wu and Yue regions are strong enough to oppose those of the Middle Kingdom, then you ought to break off relations with Cao Cao at once. And if you do not believe that you are a match for Cao Cao, then why haven't you disbanded your army, laid aside your armor, and faced north in submission to him? General, you give off an appearance of one who is about to submit, yet you continue to harbor uncertain plans as well. The situation is critical, yet you have made no decision. Disaster is at hand!" 

Sun Quan said, "Sir, if my own situation is as serious as you say, then why hasn't General Liu submitted already?" 

Zhuge Liang replied, "In ancient times, when the state of Qi was nearly conquered, Tian Heng still held fast to righteousness and refused to disgrace himself by surrendering to the enemy, and in the end he was able to restore Qi to its former glory. Now Tian Heng had no more personal attachment to Qi than that he was one of its generals. Could General Liu, who is a descendant of the royal family of the Han dynasty, fail to match Tian Heng's example and serve the dynasty to the end? He is a hero whose talents surpass the age, and both the great men and the people bow to and respect him like various rivers all flowing into the great sea. If he is defeated in the end, that will be one thing; it would have been the will of Heaven. But how could he possibly submit to another?" 

Sun Quan then became agitated and declared, "I shall not give up my full possession of the Wu region or my army of a hundred thousand and submit to someone else. My plan is decided! None but General Liu can oppose Cao Cao. However, wasn't General Liu recently defeated? How then can he face such a threat?"

Zhuge Liang replied, "It's true that General Liu's army was defeated at Chang Slope. However, he still has personal command of an army of ten thousand elite soldiers counting those warriors who have returned to him and the reinforcements from Guan Yu's naval forces. And Liu Qi at Jiangxia also commands no less than another ten thousand warriors. 

“As for Cao Cao, his army is far from home and suffering from exhaustion and illness. I heard that when he was pursuing General Liu, he made his light cavalry ride more than three hundred li in a single day and night. As the saying goes, 'when it's at the end of its flight, even a crossbow bolt cannot pierce the silk of Lu'. Even the Art of War argues against such a headlong march, warning that the army that does so 'will surely lose its vanguard commanders'. You should also consider that of the soldiers of Cao Cao's army, the northerners are unfamiliar with naval warfare, while the people of Jingzhou who are now serving Cao Cao have only been compelled by force to do so, and their hearts have not truly submitted to him. 

“General, if you will only give the command for your fierce generals to lead a few tens of thousands of your soldiers to join forces with General Liu, you will surely rout Cao Cao's army. Having been defeated, Cao Cao will then return north. Power will split between the regions of Wu and Jing, and the realm will thus settle into a tripartite division. This is the very moment which will determine your triumph or your doom."

Sun Quan was greatly pleased with this advice. He thus sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su, and others with a naval force of thirty thousand to go with Zhuge Liang and join Liu Bei, so that with their combined strength they could oppose Cao Cao. Cao Cao was then defeated at Chibi, and he led his army back to Ye. 

Liu Bei then occupied the region south of the Yangzi. He appointed Zhuge Liang as his Directing Instructor and General of the Household Gentlemen and had him administer the commandaries of Lingling, Guiyang, and Changsha, where Zhuge Liang collected taxes and rent in order to supply the army.

〈袁子曰：張子布薦亮於孫權，亮不肯留。人問其故，曰：「孫將軍可謂人主，然觀其度，能賢亮而不能盡亮，吾是以不留。」臣松之以為袁孝尼著文立論，甚重諸葛之為人，至如此言則失之殊遠。觀亮君臣相遇，可謂希世一時，終始以分，誰能間之？寧有中違斷金，甫懷擇主，設使權盡其量，便當翻然去就乎？葛生行己，豈其然哉！關羽為曹公所獲，遇之甚厚，可謂能盡其用矣，猶義不背本，曾謂孔明之不若雲長乎！〉〈《零陵先賢傳》云：亮時住臨烝。〉

(Yuan Zhun's Yuanzi states, "Zhang Zibu (Zhang Zhao) recommended to Sun Quan that he should employ Zhuge Liang as one of his own officers. However, Zhuge Liang declined to remain in his service. When people asked him why he left, Zhuge Liang told them, 'One could indeed call General Sun a leader of men. But when I judge his character, I recognize that although he would respect me, he would not make full use of me. That is why I could not stay with him.'"

Your servant Pei Songzhi notes that Yuan Xiaoni (Yuan Zhun) was very fond of Zhuge Liang as a person in all his collections of writings and recordings of discussions. But in this account he really goes too far. We have already seen that following their meeting with one another, Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei developed such a rare relationship. Who could have possibly come between them? In what situation would Zhuge Liang have gone so far as break off his relationship with Liu Bei to serve Sun Quan? And would it have made a difference whether Sun Quan really would have used Zhuge Liang to his full potential? Could Zhuge Liang possibly have been that kind of person, to then abandon his lord? Remember that when Guan Yu was captured by Cao Cao, Cao Cao treated him with great favor, and surely it could be said that he made full use of Guan Yu. Yet Guan Yu still remained righteous and would not abandon his former lord. How then could one claim that Kongming would have proved himself inferior to Yunchang?

The Records of the Past Worthies of Lingling states, "During the time of this appointment, Zhuge Liang had his base at Linzheng county (probably in Changsha commandary).")

建安十六年，益州牧劉璋遣法正迎先主，使擊張魯。亮與關羽鎮荊州。先主自葭萌還攻璋，亮與張飛、趙雲等率眾泝江，分定郡縣，與先主共圍成都。成都平，以亮為軍師將軍，署左將軍府事。先主外出，亮常鎮守成都，足食足兵。二十六年，群下勸先主稱尊號，先主未許，亮說曰：「昔吳漢、耿弇等初勸世祖即帝位，世祖辭讓，前後數四，耿純進言曰：『天下英雄喁喁，冀有所望。如不從議者，士大夫各歸求主，無為從公也。』世祖感純言深至，遂然諾之。今曹氏篡漢，天下無主，大王劉氏苗族，紹世而起，今即帝位，乃其宜也。士大夫隨大王久勤苦者，亦欲望尺寸之功如純言耳。」先主於是即帝位，策亮為丞相曰：「朕遭家不造，奉承大統，兢兢業業，不敢康寧，思靖百姓，懼未能綏。於戲！丞相亮其悉朕意，無怠輔朕之闕，助宣重光，以照明天下，君其勖哉！」亮以丞相錄尚書事，假節。張飛卒後，領司隸校尉。

In the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211), the Governor of Yizhou, Liu Zhang, sent Fa Zheng to bring Liu Bei to Yizhou and ordered him to attack Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu remained behind to defend Jingzhou. When Liu Bei marched back from Jiameng to attack Liu Zhang, Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, and others led an army up the Yangzi to assist him. They split up to settle various commandaries and counties, then joined Liu Bei's army to besiege Chengdu together. After Chengdu was taken, Liu Bei appointed Zhuge Liang as Directing Instructor and Chief of Staff of the General of the Left (Liu Bei's title). Whenever Liu Bei went away on campaign, Zhuge Liang often remained behind to guard Chengdu and ensure a steady supply of troops and provisions. 

In the twenty-sixth year of Jian'an (221), Liu Bei's subordinates urged him to declare himself Emperor, but Liu Bei would not agree to do so. Then Zhuge Liang advised him, "In former times, Wu Han, Geng Yan, and others urged Shizu (Emperor Guangwu of Han) to do the same as we now urge you to do. Shizu, too, tried to decline, four times in all. But then Geng Yan stepped forward and told him, 'The heroes of the realm are flailing, seeking someone they can place their hopes in. If you do not follow our counsel, then every man will turn towards his own master, and no one will follow you.' Shizu appreciated the truth of this advice, and he did as Geng Yan proposed. Now the Cao family has usurped the throne from the Han dynasty, and the realm is without a ruler. Great Prince, you are of the lineage of the Liu clan and you have risen to this height already, so you must follow Shizu's example and take up the title of Emperor. Those people who have followed you and worked hard on your behalf also wish to have a chance to gain merits for themselves, just as Geng Yan once said."

Liu Bei thus declared himself Emperor. He wrote an edict appointing Zhuge Liang as Prime Minister, stating, "Due to the tragedy that has befallen my family, I am compelled to inherit the grand role. 'I am full of terror and feel the peril', and I dare not be complacent; I ponder how to bring peace to the people, yet fear that I shall not be able to achieve tranquility. Alas! May Prime Minister Zhuge Liang realize my intentions, never fail to help make up for my shortcomings, help to expand and magnify my glory and make it bright and clear to all the realm. Sir, be thus encouraged!" Zhuge Liang was appointed as Prime Minister, Chief of Affairs of the Masters of Writing, and Credential Holder. 

After Zhang Fei passed away, Zhuge Liang was appointed as acting Colonel-Director of Retainers.

〈《蜀記》曰：晉初扶風王駿鎮關中，司馬高平劉寶、長史滎陽桓隰諸官屬士大夫共論諸葛亮，于時譚者多譏亮託身非所，勞困蜀民，力小謀大，不能度德量力。金城郭沖以為亮權智英略，有踰管、晏，功業未濟，論者惑焉，條亮五事隱沒不聞於世者，寶等亦不能復難。扶風王慨然善沖之言。臣松之以為亮之異美，誠所願聞，然沖之所說，實皆可疑，謹隨事難之如左：其《一事》曰：亮刑法峻急，刻剝百姓，自君子小人咸懷怨歎，法正諫曰：「昔高祖入關，約法三章，秦民知德，今君假借威力，跨據一州，初有其國，未垂惠撫；且客主之義，宜相降下，願緩刑弛禁，以慰其望。」亮答曰；「君知其一，未知其二。秦以無道，政苛民怨，匹夫大呼，天下土崩，高祖因之，可以弘濟。劉璋暗弱，自焉已來有累世之恩，文法羈縻，互相承奉，德政不舉，威刑不肅。蜀土人士，專權自恣，君臣之道，漸以陵替；寵之以位，位極則賤，順之以恩，恩竭則慢。所以致弊，實由於此。吾今威之以法，法行則知恩，限之以爵，爵加則知榮；榮恩並濟，上下有節。為治之要，於斯而著。」◇難曰：案法正在劉主前死，今稱法正諫，則劉主在也。諸葛職為股肱，事歸元首，劉主之世，亮又未領益州，慶賞刑政，不出於己。尋沖所述亮答，專自有其能，有違人臣自處之宜。以亮謙順之體，殆必不然。又云亮刑法峻急，刻剝百姓，未聞善政以刻剝為稱。

(The Records of Shu states, "At the beginning of the Jin dynasty (~265), the Prince of Fufeng, Sima Jun, was stationed in Guanzhong. He was discussing the affairs of Zhuge Liang together with his Marshal, Liu Bao of Gaoping commandary, his Chief Clerk, Huan Xi of Xingyang commandary, and his other ministers and officials. During the discussion, most of the people present felt that Zhuge Liang had both pushed himself past his limit and exhausted the people of the Shu region. They felt that his meager power had been insufficient to carry out his grand plans, and that he had not taken proper measure either of his virtue or of his strength. But there was present a certain Guo Chong of Jincheng commandary, who put forth the view that Zhuge Liang had been a man of authority and intellect, heroic and cunning, and that he had surpassed even the ancient chancellors Guan Zhong and Yan Ying. It was only because he had been unsuccessful in the end that people did not properly appreciate him. Guo Chong then related five untold stories about Zhuge Liang, previously unknown. Having heard these stories, Liu Bao and the others could no longer offer any objections, and the Prince of Fufeng was deeply moved by Guo Chong's words."

Your servant Pei Songzhi interjects here to note that, naturally, I am most inclined to hear tales of Zhuge Liang's excellence. However, we have good reason to be suspicious of these five stories that Guo Chong reported. I will continue to relate his accounts one at a time, but with my own objections following each tale.

This was Guo Chong's first tale: "Zhuge Liang administered the laws and punishments severely, laying a heavy hand upon the people, such that everyone from gentlemen to commoners were moved to anger and indignation against him. Fa Zheng remonstrated with him, saying, 'In former times, when Gaozu (Liu Bang) occupied the Qin dynasty's stronghold at Guanzhong, he charged the people only to keep his Three Precepts. Even so, the people of Qin knew virtue. Now you, Sir, have been granted power and authority and you stand astride this province. Having just come into control of the state, you rather ought to show leniency and demonstrate kindness and comfort. Besides, by the principles of host and guests, both should demonstrate humility to one another. Therefore, I ask you to slacken your restrictions and loosen your regulations, in order to reassure the people.'

"Zhuge Liang replied, 'Sir, you understand part of the situation, but you do not grasp the whole. The Qin dynasty ruled without principle, and their oppression roused the anger of the people against them. At that time, all it took was the great shout of some mere common fellow (Chen Sheng), and the whole realm came crashing down. Those were the circumstances under which Gaozu found success by demonstrating magnanimity and mercy. 

“‘But it has been different with our recent past. Liu Zhang was a blind and weak ruler, and the people of the Shu region had enjoyed generous treatment even since the time of his predecessors. The law codes were such that everyone did whatever they saw best; the virtues of the administration were not upheld, nor was the authority of its punishments respected. All the people of the Shu region, from the gentry down to the commoners, claimed power for themselves and became arrogant, and the proper relationship between sovereign and subjects slowly decayed. If they were favored with offices, they looked upon even the highest of offices as cheap; if they were shown grace, they were slow to be grateful for even the most bountiful mercies. It was for those reasons that Liu Zhang's domain came to ruin. 

“‘That is why I now overawe these people through laws. When the laws can be carried out, that is when the people will appreciate grace. And for the same reason, I am stingy with granting offices. For when such is the case, then when people are promoted, they will understand the honor in it. Once grace and honor are properly understood, then everyone will uphold their duty. That is the reason I govern them so." 

Objections: According to the Biography of Fa Zheng, Fa Zheng passed away before Liu Bei did. So since Fa Zheng appears in this story, Liu Bei must have still been alive at the time. Yet Zhuge Liang always acted like one of the limbs of the state, which is to say, he referred all such matters to the head, that being Liu Bei. Furthermore, Zhuge Liang was never directly in charge of Yizhou itself while Liu Bei was still alive, and he did not make decisions on such matters as honors, rewards, punishments, or administration. I also note that Guo Chong's main point in his account of Zhuge Liang's response was to play up his talents and abilities. But at the same time, such a response would have demonstrated a violation of a subject's proper place. And considering how modest and submissive Zhuge Liang was, it is almost impossible that he would have done such a thing. Lastly, the tale states that "Zhuge Liang administered the laws and punishments severely, laying a heavy hand upon the people". I have never heard of good government coming about as a result of oppression.

其《二事》曰：曹公遣刺客見劉備，方得交接，開論伐魏形勢，甚合備計。稍欲親近，刺者尚未得便會，既而亮入，魏客神色失措。亮因而察之，亦知非常人。須臾，客如廁，備謂亮曰；「向得奇士，足以助君補益。」亮問所在，備曰：「起者其人也。」亮徐歎曰：「觀客色動而神懼，視低而忤數，姦形外漏，邪心內藏，必曹氏刺客也。」追之，已越牆而走。◇難曰：凡為刺客，皆暴虎馮河，死而無悔者也。劉主有知人之鑒，而惑於此客，則此客必一時之奇士也。又語諸葛云「足以助君補益」，則亦諸葛之流亞也。凡如諸葛之儔，鮮有為人作刺客者矣，時主亦當惜其器用，必不投之死地也。且此人不死，要應顯達為魏，竟是誰乎？何其寂蔑而無聞！〉

The second tale: "Cao Cao sent an assassin to visit Liu Bei. Having met, the two of them began discussing strategies for how best to campaign against Wei, and the man's proposals neatly accorded with Liu Bei's own ideas. During this time, the assassin slowly moved closer, and was about to have an opportunity to carry out his mission. But just then, Zhuge Liang entered the room, causing the assassin to lose his previously calm composure. Zhuge Liang thus scrutinized him, and discerned that he was no ordinary man. 

“A short time later, the man left to go to the lavatory. Liu Bei mentioned to Zhuge Liang, ‘I have just obtained an exceptional fellow. He'll be well-suited to assist you, Sir, and cover your weak points.' When Zhuge Liang asked to whom he was referring, Liu Bei replied, 'I mean that man who just got up.' 

“Zhuge Liang slowly sighed and replied, 'Did you not witness his strange movements and fearful trembling, how he looked down and mumbled so? A perverse exterior hides a wicked heart within. He is surely some assassin sent by the Cao clan.' 

“Liu Bei sent someone after the man, but he had already climbed over the wall and fled."

Objections: The kind of person who would be an assassin is someone who would cast themselves into the tiger's maw or fling themselves into the roaring river, and die without any regrets. And Liu Bei was the kind of man who could appreciate someone's character. Yet he was enticed by this guest? If that were the case, the man must have been an exceptional talent of that era. Especially considering that Liu Bei comments that he could "cover Zhuge Liang's weak points"; in that case, he would have been nearly on par with Zhuge Liang himself. Would someone who was a match for Zhuge Liang ever play the part of an assassin? And even if so, any ruler of that time would have greatly lamented the loss of such a man, obviously of great use and potential, and would never have sent him on a suicide mission. And if the man really did not die, then he must have gone on to have an illustrious career in Wei. But who, indeed, was he? How could he have ever remained obscure, a mere nobody?)

章武三年春，先主於永安病篤，召亮於成都，屬以後事，謂亮曰：「君才十倍曹丕，必能安國，終定大事。若嗣子可輔，輔之；如其不才，君可自取。」亮涕泣曰：「臣敢竭股肱之力，效忠貞之節，繼之以死！」先主又為詔敕後主曰：「汝與丞相從事，事之如父。」

In the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei was bedridden with illness at Yong'an. He summoned Zhuge Liang from Chengdu and instructed him on what to do after his death. He told Zhuge Liang, "Sir, your talents are ten times greater than those of Cao Pi, so you will surely be able to restore peace to the state and bring our grand endeavor to its conclusion. If my heir can be supported, then support him. But if he lacks talents, take his place for yourself." 

Zhuge Liang wept as he replied, "I have always done my utmost to support you as one of your own limbs and fully uphold my loyalty and faithfulness to you, and I shall continue to do so until the death!" 

Liu Bei also arranged an edict instructing Liu Shan, "You must follow the Prime Minister's commands, and treat him as a father."

〈孫盛曰：夫杖道扶義，體存信順，然後能匡主濟功，終定大業。語曰弈者舉釭不定猶不勝其偶，況量君之才否而二三其節，可以摧服強鄰囊括四海者乎？備之命亮，亂孰甚焉！世或有謂備欲以固委付之誠，且以一蜀人之志。君子曰，不然；苟所寄忠賢，則不須若斯之誨，如非其人，不宜啟篡逆之塗。是以古之顧命，必貽話言；詭偽之辭，非託孤之謂。幸值劉禪闇弱，無猜險之性，諸葛威略，足以檢衛異端，故使異同之心無由自起耳。不然，殆生疑隙不逞之釁。謂之為權，不亦惑哉！〉

(Sun Sheng remarked, "It is when one wields propriety and holds fast to righteousness, and in their own person encourage trust and submission, that they may indeed assist their ruler to achieve success and bring about the fulfillment of the grand design. Even a weiqi player cannot expect to overcome their opponent if their formation is unorganized. How much less can a ruler expect to compel the submission of powerful neighbors and embrace all the realm within the Four Seas by first attempting to split power into two or three camps? Liu Bei's instructions to Zhuge Liang posed the potential for immense instability! 

“There are some who claim that Liu Bei's instructions on his deathbed were only a ploy to stiffen the loyalty of the one he intended to entrust his heir to and ensure that the wishes of the people of Shu were all of one accord. But the superior fellow can dismiss this idea. It is quite useless to instruct anyone in such a manner, for if the minister is loyal and worthy they will never heed it, while if they are not, it is only further indulging their traitorous desires. And ever since ancient times, it has been critical that a ruler speaks the truth when they are on their deathbed; when it is time to entrust one's heir to another, deceit and falsehood have no place. 

“It was fortunate indeed that Liu Shan was so blind and unassuming that he had no paranoia or suspicion, while Zhuge Liang's power and authority were just sufficient to guard against the divergent plans of anyone else. It was merely for those reasons that no cause ever arose for divisions between them. If it had not been so, then surely suspicions and grudges between them would have given way to an open confrontation. 

“Thus, to say that Liu Bei's instructions were to support Zhuge Liang's authority is nonsense!")

[deadscanlations]

The Wooden-Mortared Kingdom - Garo 20th Anniversary Memorial Issue  - VARIOUS

Here’s a proper post for it. For Garo’s 20th anniversary, a massive anthology was put out collecting all of the authors that had been featured in the magazine up until then (at least it looks that way), haven’t verified). 1200 pages.

DDL Torrent (600dpi scans) Mangaupdates

Abe Shinichi AKASEGAWA Genpei AKI Ryuuzan AKIYAMA Shigenobu ANZAI Mizumaru ARAKI Nobuyoshi ARASHIYAMA Kouzaburou EBISU Yoshikazu FUJISAWA Mitsuo FURUKAWA Masuzou HAGA Yuka HANAWA Kazuichi HAYASHI Seiichi HIGO Tomiko HINO Hideshi HIRAKUCHI Hiromi HIRATA Hiroshi HISAUCHI Michio Hoshikawa Teppu IIKO Junzou IKEGAMI Ryoichi ISHII Hisaichi ITOI Shigesato IWAMOTO Kyuusoku KAMOSAWA Yuuji KANNO Osamu KATSUMATA Susumu KAWASAKI Yukio KIMURA Tsunehisa KOBAYASHI Norikazu KOJIMA Goseki KONDOU Youko Kou Shintaro KUSONOKI Shouhei MASUMURA Hiroshi MATSUMOTO Michiyo MATSUO Hiroshi MINAMI Shinbo MINEGISHI Toru MITSUHASHI Otoya MIURA Jun MIZUKI Shigeru MOMOTAROU Kotarou MORISHITA Hiromi MURANO Moribi NAGASHIMA Shinji NAKA Keiko NEMOTO Takashi OKUDAIRA Ira OSAWA Masaaki SAKURAI Shoichi SASAKI Maki Shimizu Satoshi SHIRATO Sanpei SUGIURA Hinako SUZUKI Oji SUZUKI Seijun SUZUKI Shigeru TAKAGI Jun TAKAYAMA Kazuo TAKITA Yuu TAMURA Shigeru TANI Hiroji Tashiro Tamekan TATSUMI Yoshihiro TERUHIKO Yumura TSUGE Tadao TSUGE Yoshiharu TSURITA Kuniko UESUGI Seibun WATANABE Kazuhiro WATARI Futoshi YAGUCHI Takao YAKUWA Masako YAMADA Murasaki YODOGAWA Sanpo YOSHIDA Mitsuhiko YOSHIDA Shouichi 

 タイトル : 木造モルタルの王国 : ガロ二〇年史 出版社 : 青林堂 初版発行日 : (昭和59年)1984年12月1日 ISBN : 4792601320 サイズ(函) : 縦23㎝ 横18㎝ サイズ(本) : 縦22㎝ 横16㎝ ページ数 : 1200ページ 備考 : 各作品の欄外に作者の経歴･コメント記載 収録作品 　『ざしきわらし』 - 白土三平 　『ねこ忍』 - 水木しげる 　『海原の剣(武蔵の巻)』 - 諏訪栄(小島剛夕) 　『顔の曲がった男の物語』 - 星川てっぷ 　『真昼』 - 渡二十四 　『愛 : 新釈武士道物語』 - 加治一生 　『チーコ』 - つげ義春 　『若草漫歩』 - 藤沢光男 　『宇宙の出来事』 - 田代為寛 　『夏』 - 池上遼一 　『かかしにきいたかえるの話 : シリーズ･黄色い涙』 - 永島慎二 　『六の宮姫子の悲劇』 - つりた・くにこ 　『巨大な魚』 - 林静一 　『どろ人形』 - 日野日出志 　『海ほおずき』 - 仲圭子 　『花あらしの頃 : 寺島町奇譚』 - 滝田ゆう 　『長持唄考』 - 矢口高雄 　『雨季(2)』 - つげ忠男 　『わかれみち』 - 辰巳ヨシヒロ 　『たこになった少年』 - 淀川さんぽ 　『かんたろ月』 - 勝又進 　『うらぶれ夜風』 - 川崎ゆきお 　『雨の色』 - 鈴木翁二 　『マツコおじちゃんの嘆き』 - 秋竜山 　『ぼくのデブインコちゃん』 - 佐々木マキ 　『無頼の面影』 - 安部慎一 　『幻の少女･和小路伯爵邸のトラブル』 - 谷弘兒 　『肉屋敷』 - 花輪和一 　『北への旅人』 - 吉田昌一 　『彩雪に舞う･･････』 - 楠勝平 　『おざ式』 - 赤瀬川源平 　『「ガロ」第一期 : ガロの時代をひらく』 - 上野昂志 　『再会』 - 増村博 　『紫の伝説(イメージSTATION)』 - 古川益三 　『絶対休日』 - 秋山しげのぶ 　『荒れた海辺』 - 安西水丸 　『クシー君の発明』 - 鴨沢祐仁 　『毆者(ボクサー)』 - 吉田光彦 　『昇り凧』 - 村野守美 　『ペンギンごはん』 - 湯村輝彦.糸井重里 　『愛の嵐』 - 蛭子能収 　『ぼくの弟』 - 糸井重里 　『？』 - 南伸坊 　『それからの岩本武蔵･怪談』 - 岩本久則 　『ハリー氏のこと』 - 松尾ひろし 　『愛妻記』 - ひさうち・みさお 　『ギョーザ定食の昼』 - 平口広美 　『お父さんのネジ』 - 渡辺和博 　『長靴をはいた猫』 - 清水聰 　『ものろおぐ』 - 近藤ようこ 　『モダン・ラヴァーズ』 - 奥平衣良(奥平イラ) 　『性悪猫』 - やまだ紫 　『青春の汗は苦いぜ』 - 小林のりかず(小林のり一) 　『夜行』 - 高山和雄 　『ぷいさん村放送局』 - 八鍬真佐子 　『五人だまし･道糞武士道 : 幻想の明治』 - 高信太郎 　『怠屈な日』 - 泉昌之(和泉晴紀[作画].久住昌之[原作]) 　『K』 - 大澤正明 　『海のお話』 - 滸太郎 　『二つ枕(初音)』 - 杉浦日向子 　『PHANTASMAGORIA』 - たむら・しげる 　『野辺は無く』 - 三橋乙椰(シバ) 　『少年』 - 森下裕美 　『糸口』 - 松本充代 　『ママと呼ばれて三ヶ月』 - 根本敬.高木順 　『ローカル線の午後』 - 菅野修 　『ホトホトなんぎなパパとママ』 - みうら・じゅん 　『扁桃腺の夏』 - 峰岸達 　『戻ってきた日』 - 肥後十三子 　『スラップスキップ』 - いしい・ひさいち 　『はぴー・ばーす・でい』 - 芳賀由香 　『どうなってんの : イソップ式漫画講座』 - 水木しげる 　『浪漫写真 : 私のアリス達』 - 荒木経惟 　『図象の学習塾 : 肖像 イメージ選挙』 - 木村恒久 　『目安箱 : 「書けないということについて』 - 上野昂志 　『嵐山の人生相談』 - 嵐山光三郎 　『重坊のスーパーマーケット : 悪評嘖々』 - 糸井重里 　『劇画風雲録 : 嗚呼、貸本の灯は輝やいて』 - 桜井昌一 　『連載随筆 : 夏と暴力』 - 鈴木清順 　『白土三平論 : 英雄論』 - 石子順造 　『清文入道のウンチク寄席』 - 上杉清文 　『読者サロン』 　『「ガロ」第二期 : 多様化･拡散の時代』 - 呉智英 　『木造モルタルの王國の貴賓室』 「木造モルタルの王国」によせて(※寄稿文.小冊子) 　『「ガロ」有罪説』 - あがた森魚 　『ガロはきっと大丈夫』 - 秋野等.井上章子 　『二十年のランナーへ』 - 有川優 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 岩家緑郎 　『ガロには貧乏がよく似合う』 - いしかわじゅん 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 糸川燿史 　『「ガロ」は忘れない』 - 小野耕世 　『とにもかくにも、エライ！！』 - 川崎徹 　『すてきな可能性を持ったマンガの世界』 - 金子勝昭　 　『長井さんと苦労のこと』 - 川本コオ 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 桑原甲子雄 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 小島剛夕 　『「ガロ」われらの聖森』 - 佐々木守 　『大プロデューサー・プランナー 長井勝一さんへの手紙』 - 佐々木昭一郎 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 末井昭 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 杉本博道 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 谷川晃一 　『高校時代、文学、エロチシズム、思想の香りを味わっていた』 - 高取英 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 高橋章子 　『祝・開店20周年』 - 長新太 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 竹宮恵子 　『 『ガロ』に 』 - 鶴見俊輔 　『きみよ』 - 堤任 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 栃谷隆 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 内記稔夫 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 野本三吉 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 萩尾望都 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 原田三郎 　『安倍慎一』 - 松岡博治 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 松田哲夫 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 村上知彦 　『「ガロ」創刊20周年、本当にバンザイ！』 - 森田芳光 　『青林堂はえらい』 - やなせ・たかし 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 吉弘幸介 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 四方田犬彦 　『(タイトルなし)』 - 渡辺一衛

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