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mariacallous · 1 year ago

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Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky sounded the alarm in June and again in July over a possible plan by the Russians to sabotage Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, potentially triggering a nuclear catastrophe. For months, experts and policymakers have been debating the likelihood of a nuclear accident or deliberate sabotage at Zaporizhzhia. How real is the risk?

The plant has been caught in the crossfire of the Ukraine war since the Russians took control of it in the early days of the invasion last year, and both sides have since accused the other of plans to sabotage the plant. Russian forces have stationed military equipment around the site, using it as a de facto exclusion zone free from any threat of incoming Ukrainian fire, and Zelensky recently claimed Russian forces placed “objects resembling explosives” on the rooftops of several reactors. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a U.N. nuclear watchdog, has been monitoring the site for any evidence of mines or explosives since Zelensky’s claims, but the agency said on July 12 that it has yet to find evidence of sabotage, though it has not been granted access to the roofs of two reactors.

The fate of the plant keeps coming up in the war of words between Ukraine and Russia. Kremlin propagandists recently suggested they might have to blow up the plant to force Kyiv to the negotiating table; Russia recently allegedly blew up a massive dam and hydroelectric power plant in southern Ukraine that was essential to the Nova Kakhovka reservoir, which supplied water to the plant. The IAEA said Zaporizhzhia has “sufficient water for some months” and is exploring backup options including constructing wells that can replenish cooling water essential to the safety of the plant. Ukrainian health officials also said late last week that they are studying worst-case scenarios for a radiation release and have readied nearly 200 hospitals to treat civilian casualties.

Some experts and organizations such as the American Nuclear Society (ANS) have opted for caution, reassuring people that the power plants are “robust, hardened pieces of critical infrastructure; built to withstand natural and man-made hazards.” Its stance is that there is not much need for concern when there are currently no signs of sabotage. Almost all the reactors have also been in so-called cold shutdown for months, which reduces the risk of any sudden catastrophic event.

But other experts warned of underestimating the risks of significant radioactive release if either an attack were to occur or if there were a failure, deliberate or otherwise, in the plant’s cooling system.

“The fact remains that if Russia or any other entity wanted to sabotage this operational nuclear plant, there are multiple ways in which they could likely achieve a significant radiological release, and to try to pretend that’s not even a possibility is, I think, doing a disservice to the Ukrainian people,” said Edwin Lyman, director of nuclear power safety at the Union of Concerned Scientists.

All six reactors at Zaporizhzhia have been shut down for about 10 months, which means the nuclear chain reactions responsible for creating nuclear energy have been halted. However, the byproducts of these reactions, called residual heat, are still radioactive and require great attention and management, experts said.

Five of the six reactors are operating under a cold shutdown, which means these reactors are kept below boiling point. If the plant loses off-site power and subsequently its cooling system, operators would have more time than in a hot shutdown situation to reestablish cooling before having to worry about radioactive release.

Zaporizhzhia currently has one reactor in hot shutdown mode to supply steam to the plant for various safety reasons and to help keep components of the plant operating. A hot shutdown means the reactor is above boiling point and highly pressurized, increasing the risk for a release of radioactive material if any such damage were to occur or cooling were to be disrupted, experts said.

“If you open the bottle of still water like in a cold shutdown state, there will be nothing happening, while opening the shaken can, [representing a] pressurized system like in a hot shutdown state, would result in release of some part of the can,” said Attila Aszodi, a professor at the Institute of Nuclear Techniques of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics.

Experts including those at the IAEA and ANS said that bringing all units into a cold shutdown would help reduce the risk of radiological release: a boiler could make steam just as easily as that sixth reactor.

“The IAEA experts are strongly encouraging the ZNPP to investigate all possible options to install an external boiler to generate the steam required, which would enable the site to bring all units into a cold shutdown state,” the IAEA said.

Even with the robust infrastructure that provides additional protection to the plant, “the risks with the war are high enough, [and] it is therefore absolutely reasonable to minimize technological risks in the current situation,” Aszodi said.

Shelling from Russian forces could again knock out power lines and cut off the site’s electricity, which the plant’s cooling system relies on. In October, the plant lost its off-site power due to shelling and had to rely on backup diesel generators at least three times that same month. But Lyman said diesel generators should not be considered a long-term solution because of their reliance on fuel supply and need for manual maintenance.

“The electrical system is really probably the Achilles’ heel, because if you lose electrical distribution, which is what happened with Fukushima, then so much of the equipment would have to be operated manually, and that would really make things harder,” Lyman said. The meltdown in 2011 at Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plant after a tsunami was the world’s last major nuclear accident.

All reactors require continuous cooling and, therefore, electricity, regardless of their shutdown status. Reactors in cold shutdown give operators a few days to restore cooling rather than just a few hours, which would be the case if it were in hot shutdown, Lyman said. But it could take less than a few days if other issues simultaneously occur such as leaks, ruptures, or deliberate sabotage.

“The Russian side knows the plant very well. They know where the weak points are,” Aszodi said. “Systematic shelling of the reactor building would be bad, but destroying the cooling and electricity supply is easier.”

And experts are worried that even a couple of days may not be enough when the staff is greatly reduced and lines of command are unclear. Thousands of workers have managed to escape before Russian forces took control last year, leaving only a portion of what was once a 12,000-person workforce at the site, according to the International Labor Organization. Reports of torture and abuse have also raised concerns about the working conditions of existing operators at the plant.

“Our sympathy and thoughts are always with the workers. These are engineers just there to do the work,” Jacopo Buongiorno, a member of the ANS Rapid Response Taskforce and nuclear engineering professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said. But he and ANS maintain that the remaining workers are sufficient to handle any issues at the plant and disruptions to the cooling system. And even if the Russians deliberately sabotaged the plant, the radiological consequences would be “very low,” according to Buongiorno, with a radioactive dispersal of at most a 2-kilometer radius.

“There is still a significant amount of radioactive material at the site, and you can blow up the site and some radioactivity is going to come out,” Buongiorno said. “But the real question that we should ask ourselves is what are going to be the radiological consequences? Is it really going to be a cloud of radioactive material hovering over Europe and killing scores of people? Short answer is no.”

But holding a nuclear power plant hostage is one less reason to put one’s guard down, experts including Aszodi said.

“I don’t think that any of the parties to this conflict would have the interest to destroy the plant, or make real damage, or release radioactivity from the plant,” Aszodi said. “But unfortunately, we have seen a lot of irrational events and actions in this war. Irrationality is the main risk, actually.”

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atlanticcanada · 2 years ago

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Inflation woes: Two trendy downtown Halifax restaurants shutter

Two popular restaurants in downtown Halifax are closing, in part due to high operating costs.

Lawrence Deneau, owner of Julep Kitchen & Cocktails and Hermitage wrote on Instagram that, “due to skyrocketing costs, food inflation, COVID shutdowns and debts incurred over the past three years, it has become impossible to operate sustainably.”

On Friday, customers passing by Julep on Barrington Street expressed their disappointment.

“It’s too bad to see a business with what you would think is a good model and everything going under,” said Jordan Wilson.

“My roommate loves this place,” said Ben Horgan.

Gordon Stewart, the executive director of the Restaurant Association of Nova Scotia, points out how Hermitage opened in the middle of COVID-19. Back then there were safety nets but those are now gone.

“You’ve got all new debt you’ve got to pay back plus probably some of the debt from COVID so it’s just too much,” he said.

Other new restaurants have popped up downtown and Stewart said customers are coming back but costs are also mounting.

The cost of food, electricity, dishes and borrowing -- everything that goes into a restaurant business -- has gone up.

“I think for all intents and purposes, we’re going to see more close,” Stewart said.

Down the street, the co-owner of Star Anise Vietnamese Noodles was disappointed to hear Julep was closing.

“I’m really surprised,” said Toni Chan. “We’ve been there a few times. The food is good, all of the workers and everything. The atmosphere is very nice too.”

At her family restaurant, broccoli was taken off the menu because the price doubled.

“Now the price has gone down so I can put it back,” she said.

Chan notes how other places have increased the prices for customers but that’s not something that can happen often. Her strategy is to stick to the menu as best as they can.

“We do beef noodle soup,” Chan said. “You can’t take out the beef. We’ll have no business.”

In his post on Instagram, Deneau said his staff will receive severance packages to allow them enough time to pursue other paths.

“Please welcome them into your establishments knowing they are well-trained and highly motivated members of our beloved industry,” he wrote.

"As a small business owner, it is very difficult to pour your entire being into a project and have no choice but to give it up. I wish this feeling on no one, but I am positive and hopeful for what is to come."

CTV News reached out to Deneau for an interview but did not hear back.

from CTV News - Atlantic https://ift.tt/Bu6ptTW

#new brunswick #prince edward island #nova scotia #news #politics #canada #CTVAtlantic

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this-week-in-rust · 1 month ago

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This Week in Rust 567

Hello and welcome to another issue of This Week in Rust! Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software. This is a weekly summary of its progress and community. Want something mentioned? Tag us at @ThisWeekInRust on X (formerly Twitter) or @ThisWeekinRust on mastodon.social, or send us a pull request. Want to get involved? We love contributions.

This Week in Rust is openly developed on GitHub and archives can be viewed at this-week-in-rust.org. If you find any errors in this week's issue, please submit a PR.

Want TWIR in your inbox? Subscribe here.

Updates from Rust Community

rPGP 0.14.0 (a pure Rust implementation of OpenPGP) now supports the new RFC 9580

Official

This Development-cycle in Cargo: 1.82

Return type notation MVP: Call for testing!

Project/Tooling Updates

Two weeks of binsider

egui 0.29

pantheon: Parsing command line arguments

System76 COSMIC Alpha 2 Released

Linus and Dirk on succession, Rust, and more

What the Nova GPU driver needs

Getting PCI driver abstractions upstream

Coccinelle for Rust

An update on gccrs development

BTF, Rust, and the kernel toolchain

tokio-graceful 0.2.0: support shutdown trigger delay and forceful shutdown

Cargo Watch 8.5.3: the final update, as the project goes dormant

Observations/Thoughts

Best practices for error handling in kernel Rust

A discussion of Rust safety documentation

(Re)Using rustc components in gccrs

Whence '\n'?

Should you use Rust in LLM based tools for performance?

Code Generation in Rust vs C++26

Rust adventure to develop a Game Boy emulator — Part 3: CPU Instructions

Improved Turso (libsql) ergonomics in Rust

Rewriting Rust

Making overwrite opt-in #crazyideas

Rust needs a web framework for lazy developers

Safety Goggles for Alchemists

Beyond multi-core parallelism: faster Mandelbrot with SIMD

Nine Rules for Running Rust on WASM WASI

Rust needs an extended standard library

Rust Walkthroughs

New Book: "100 Exercises to Learn Rust: A hands-on course by Mainmatter".

Rust interop in practice: speaking Python and Javascript

[Series] Mastering Dependency Injection in Rust: Despatma with Lifetimes

Sqlx4k - Interoperability between Kotlin and Rust, using FFI (Part 1)

Serde for Trait objects

[video] Build with Naz : Rust clap colorization

Miscellaneous

Resources for learning Rust for kernel development

Crate of the Week

This week's crate is binsider, a terminal UI tool for analyzing binary files.

Despite yet another week without suggestions, llogiq is appropriately pleased with his choice.

Please submit your suggestions and votes for next week!

Calls for Testing

An important step for RFC implementation is for people to experiment with the implementation and give feedback, especially before stabilization. The following RFCs would benefit from user testing before moving forward:

RFCs

No calls for testing were issued this week.

Rust

No calls for testing were issued this week.

Rustup

No calls for testing were issued this week.

If you are a feature implementer and would like your RFC to appear on the above list, add the new call-for-testing label to your RFC along with a comment providing testing instructions and/or guidance on which aspect(s) of the feature need testing.

Call for Participation; projects and speakers

CFP - Projects

Always wanted to contribute to open-source projects but did not know where to start? Every week we highlight some tasks from the Rust community for you to pick and get started!

Some of these tasks may also have mentors available, visit the task page for more information.

If you are a Rust project owner and are looking for contributors, please submit tasks here or through a PR to TWiR or by reaching out on X (formerly Twitter) or Mastodon!

CFP - Events

Are you a new or experienced speaker looking for a place to share something cool? This section highlights events that are being planned and are accepting submissions to join their event as a speaker.

* Rustikon CFP | Event Page | Closes 2024-10-13 | Warsaw, PL | Event 2025-03-26

If you are an event organizer hoping to expand the reach of your event, please submit a link to the website through a PR to TWiR or by reaching out on X (formerly Twitter) or Mastodon!

Updates from the Rust Project

451 pull requests were merged in the last week

add new Tier-3 target: loongarch64-unknown-linux-ohos

add RISC-V vxworks targets

cfg_match Generalize inputs

add InProgress ErrorKind gated behind io_error_inprogress feature

allow instantiating object trait binder when upcasting

allow instantiating trait object binder in ptr-to-ptr casts

ban combination of GCE and new solver

collect relevant item bounds from trait clauses for nested rigid projections

diagnostics: wrap fn cast suggestions in parens when needed

don't trap into the debugger on panics under Linux

enable compiler fingerprint logs in verbose mode

fix adt_const_params leaking {type error} in error msg

fix diagnostics for coroutines with () as input

fix error span if arg to asm!() is a macro call

fix the misleading diagnostic for let_underscore_drop on type without Drop implementation

fix: ices on virtual-function-elimination about principal trait

implement trim-paths sysroot changes - take 2 (RFC #3127)

improve compile errors for invalid ptr-to-ptr casts with trait objects

initial std library support for NuttX

make clashing_extern_declarations considering generic args for ADT field

mark some more types as having insignificant dtor

on implicit Sized bound on fn argument, point at type instead of pattern

only add an automatic SONAME for Rust dylibs

pass Module Analysis Manager to Standard Instrumentations

pass correct HirId to late_bound_vars in diagnostic code

preserve brackets around if-lets and skip while-lets

properly elaborate effects implied bounds for super traits

reference UNSPECIFIED instead of INADDR_ANY in join_multicast_v4

reject leading unsafe in cfg!(...) and --check-cfg

rename standalone doctest attribute into standalone_crate

reorder stack spills so that constants come later

separate collection of crate-local inherent impls from error tracking

simple validation for unsize coercion in MIR validation

check vtable projections for validity in miri

miri: implements arc4random_buf shim for freebsd/solarish platforms

miri: make returning io errors more uniform and convenient

miri: refactor return_read_bytes_and_count and return_written_byte_count_or_error

miri: switch custom target JSON test to a less exotic target

skip query in get_parent_item when possible

stabilize const_cell_into_inner

stabilize const_intrinsic_copy

stabilize const_refs_to_static

stabilize option_get_or_insert_default

improve autovectorization of to_lowercase / to_uppercase functions

add File constructors that return files wrapped with a buffer

add must_use attribute to len_utf8 and len_utf16

add optimize_for_size variants for stable and unstable sort as well as select_nth_unstable

fix read_buf uses in std

make ptr metadata functions callable from stable const fn

mark make_ascii_uppercase and make_ascii_lowercase in [u8] and str as const

fix some cfg logic around optimize_for_size and 16-bit targets

hook up std::net to wasi-libc on wasm32-wasip2 target

compute RUST_EXCEPTION_CLASS from native-endian bytes

hashbrown: change signature of get_many_mut APIs

regex: add SetMatches::matched_all

cargo timings: support dark color scheme in HTML output

cargo toml: Add autolib

cargo rustc: give trailing flags higher precedence on nightly

cargo config: Don't double-warn about $CARGO_HOME/config

cargo compiler: zero-copy deserialization when possible

cargo: add CARGO_MANIFEST_PATH env variable

cargo: lockfile path implies --locked on cargo install

cargo: make lockfile v4 the default

cargo: correct error count for cargo check --message-format json

cargo perf: improve quality of completion performance traces

cargo test: add support for features in the sat resolver

cargo test: relax compiler panic assertions

cargo test: relax panic output assertion

rustdoc perf: clone clean::Item less

rustdoc: do not animate :target when user prefers reduced motion

rustdoc: inherit parent's stability where applicable

rustdoc: rewrite stability inheritance as a doc pass

rustdoc: copy correct path to clipboard for modules/keywords/primitives

rustdoc: redesign toolbar and disclosure widgets

rustdoc toolbar: Adjust spacings and sizing to improve behavior with over-long names

add field@ and variant@ doc-link disambiguators

rustfmt: add style_edition 2027

clippy: wildcard_in_or_patterns will no longer be triggered for types annotated with #[nonexhaustive]

clippy: invalid_null_ptr_usage: fix false positives for std::ptr::slice_from_raw_parts functions

clippy: add reasons for or remove some //@no-rustfix annotations

clippy: extend needless_lifetimes to suggest eliding impl lifetimes

clippy: specifying reason in expect(clippy::needless_return) no longer triggers false positive

clippy: ignore --print/-Vv requests in clippy-driver

clippy: remove method call receiver special casing in unused_async lint

clippy: suggest Option<&T> instead of &Option<T>

clippy: convert &Option<T> to Option<&T>

clippy: use std_or_core to determine the correct prefix

rust-analyzer: building before a debugging session was restarted

rust-analyzer: index workspace symbols at startup rather than on the first symbol search

rust-analyzer: provide an config option to not set cfg(test)

rust-analyzer: ambiguity with CamelCase diagnostic messages, align with rustc warnings

rust-analyzer: better support references in consuming postfix completions

rust-analyzer: consider lifetime GATs object unsafe

rust-analyzer: don't report a startup error when a discover command is configured

rust-analyzer: fix a bug in span map merge, and add explanations of how span maps are stored

rust-analyzer: fix name resolution when an import is resolved to some namespace and then later in the algorithm another namespace is added

rust-analyzer: fix resolution of label inside macro

rust-analyzer: handle block exprs as modules when finding their parents

rust-analyzer: pass all-targets for build scripts in more cli commands

Rust Compiler Performance Triage

A quiet week without too many perf. changes, although there was a nice perf. win on documentation builds thanks to [#130857](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/. Overall the results were positive.

Triage done by @kobzol. Revision range: 4cadeda9..c87004a1

Summary:

(instructions:u) mean range count Regressions ❌ (primary) 0.5% [0.2%, 0.8%] 11 Regressions ❌ (secondary) 0.3% [0.2%, 0.6%] 19 Improvements ✅ (primary) -1.2% [-14.9%, -0.2%] 21 Improvements ✅ (secondary) -1.0% [-2.3%, -0.3%] 5 All ❌✅ (primary) -0.6% [-14.9%, 0.8%] 32

3 Regressions, 4 Improvements, 3 Mixed; 2 of them in rollups 47 artifact comparisons made in total

Full report here

Approved RFCs

Changes to Rust follow the Rust RFC (request for comments) process. These are the RFCs that were approved for implementation this week:

No RFCs were approved this week.

Final Comment Period

Every week, the team announces the 'final comment period' for RFCs and key PRs which are reaching a decision. Express your opinions now.

RFCs

[disposition: postpone] Make cargo install respect lockfiles by default

[disposition: postpone] RFC: Templating CARGO_TARGET_DIR to make it the parent of all target directories

[disposition: postpone] Cargo: providing artifacts (for artifact dependencies) via build.rs

Tracking Issues & PRs

Rust

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for constify-ing non-trait Duration methods

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for const Result methods

[disposition: merge] Tracking issue for const Option functions

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for slice_first_last_chunk feature (slice::{split_,}{first,last}_chunk{,_mut})

[disposition: merge] Partially stabilize const_pin

[disposition: merge] Check elaborated projections from dyn don't mention unconstrained late bound lifetimes

[disposition: merge] Stabilize the map/value methods on ControlFlow

[disposition: merge] Do not consider match/let/ref of place that evaluates to ! to diverge, disallow coercions from them too

[disposition: merge] Tracking issue for const slice::from_raw_parts_mut (const_slice_from_raw_parts_mut)

[disposition: merge] Stabilize const {slice,array}::from_mut

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for feature(const_slice_split_at_mut)

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for str::from_utf8_unchecked_mut as a const fn

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for #![feature(const_unsafecell_get_mut)]

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for const_maybe_uninit_assume_init

[disposition: merge] Tracking issue for #![feature(const_float_classify)]

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for const_str_as_mut

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for pin_deref_mut

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for UnsafeCell::from_mut

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for BufRead::skip_until

Cargo

[disposition: merge] docs(charter): Declare new Intentional Artifacts as 'small' changes

Language Team

[disposition: merge] Meeting proposal: rename "object safety" to "dyn compatibility"

Language Reference

No Language Reference RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.

Unsafe Code Guidelines

No Unsafe Code Guideline Tracking Issues or PRs entered Final Comment Period this week.

New and Updated RFCs

[new] num::WrappingFrom trait for conversions between integers

[new] Add helper methods on primitive pointer types for pointer tagging

Upcoming Events

Rusty Events between 2024-10-02 - 2024-10-30 🦀

Virtual

2024-10-02 | Virtual (Cardiff, UK)| Rust and C++ Cardiff

Rust for Rustaceans Book Club: Chapter 8 - Asynchronous Programming

2024-10-02 | Virtual (Indianapolis, IN, US) | Indy Rust

Indy.rs - Ezra Singh on Rust's HashMap

2024-10-02 | Virtual (Vancouver, BC, CA) | Vancouver Postgres

Leveraging a PL/RUST extension to protect sensitive data in PostgreSQL

2024-10-03 | Virtual | Women in Rust

Part 1 of 4 - Rust Essentials: Build Your First API

2024-10-03 | Virtual (Charlottesville, NC, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup

Crafting Interpreters in Rust Collaboratively

2024-10-08 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust

Second Tuesday

2024-10-10 | Virtual | Women in Rust

Part 2 of 4 - Navigating Rust Web Frameworks: Axum, Actix, and Rocket

2024-10-10 | Virtual (Barcelona, ES) | BcnRust + Codurance + Heavy Duty Builders

15th BcnRust Meetup

2024-10-10 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | OpenTechSchool Berlin + Rust Berlin

Rust Hack and Learn | Mirror: Rust Hack n Learn Meetup

2024-10-10 | Virtual (Girona, ES) | Rust Girona

Leveraging Rust to Improve Your Programming Fundamentals & De Rust A Solana

2024-10-10 - 2024-10-11 | Virtual and In-Person (Vienna, AT) | Euro Rust

Euro Rust 2024

2024-10-14 | Virtual | Women in Rust

👋 Community Catch Up

2024-10-15 | Virtual (Washington, DC, US) | Rust DC

Mid-month Rustful

2024-10-16 | Virtual and In-Person (Vancouver, BC, CA) | Vancouver Rust

Rust Study/Hack/Hang-out

2024-10-17 | Virtual | Women in Rust

Part 3 of 4 - Hackathon Ideation Lab

2024-10-17| Virtual (Charlottesville, NC, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup

Crafting Interpreters in Rust Collaboratively

2024-10-22 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust

Last Tuesday

2024-10-24 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | OpenTechSchool Berlin + Rust Berlin

Rust Hack and Learn | Mirror: Rust Hack n Learn Meetup

2024-10-26 | Virtual (Gdansk, PL) | Stacja IT Trójmiasto

Rust – budowanie narzędzi działających w linii komend

2024-10-29 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust

Last Tuesday

Africa

2024-10-05 | Kampala, UG | Rust Circle Kampala

Rust Circle Meetup

Asia

2024-10-09 | Subang Jaya / Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, MY | Rust Malaysia

Rust Malaysia Meetup - Traits and How to Read Trait (October 2024)

2024-10-17 - 2024-10-18 | Beijing, CN | Global Open-Source Innovation Meetup (GOSIM)

GOSIM 2024

2024-10-19 | Bangalore/Bengaluru, IN | Rust Bangalore

October 2024 Rustacean meetup

Europe

2024-10-02 | Oxford, UK | Oxfrod Rust Meetup Group

Rust for Rustaceans Book Club: Chapter 11: Foreign Function Interfaces

2024-10-02 | Stockholm, SE | Stockholm Rust

Rust Meetup @Funnel

2022-10-03 | Nürnberg, DE | Rust Nurnberg DE

Rust Nürnberg online

2024-10-03 | Oslo, NO | Rust Oslo

Rust Hack'n'Learn at Kampen Bistro

2024-10-09 | Reading, UK | Reading Rust Workshop

Reading Rust Meetup

2024-10-10 - 2024-10-11 | Virtual and In-Person (Vienna, AT) | Euro Rust

Euro Rust 2024

2024-10-15 | Leipzig, DE | Rust - Modern Systems Programming in Leipzig

Topic TBD

2024-10-17 | Darmstadr, DE | Rust Rhein-Main

Rust Code Together

2024-10-15 | Cambridge, UK | Cambridge Rust Meetup

Monthly Rust Meetup

2024-10-15 | Leipzig, DE | Rust - Modern Systems Programming in Leipzig

Topic TBD

2024-10-15 | Munich, DE | Rust Munich

Rust Munich 2024 / 3 - hybrid

2024-10-16 | Manchester, UK | Rust Manchester

Rust Manchester Talks October - Leptos and Crux

2024-10-17 | Barcelona, ES | BcnRust

16th BcnRust Meetup

2024-10-17 | Bern, CH | Rust Bern

2024 Rust Talks Bern #3

2024-10-22 | Warsaw, PL | Rust Warsaw

New Rust Warsaw Meetup #2

2024-10-28 | Paris, FR | Rust Paris

Rust Meetup #71

2024-10-29 | Aarhus, DK | Rust Aarhus

Hack Night

2024-10-30 | Hamburg, DE | Rust Meetup Hamburg

Rust Hack & Learn October 2024

North America

2024-10-03 | Boston, MA, US | SquiggleConf

SquiggleConf 2024: "Oxc: Pluggable Next-Gen Tooling At Rust Speed", Don Isaac

2024-10-03 | Montréal, QC, CA | Rust Montréal

October Social

2024-10-03 | Mountain View, CA, US | Mountain View Rust Meetup

Rust Meetup at Hacker Dojo

2024-10-03 | St. Louis, MO, US | STL Rust

Iterators in Rust

2024-10-04 | Mexico City, DF, MX | Rust MX

Multi threading y Async en Rust pt1. Prerequisitos

2024-10-05 | Cambridge, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup

Davis Square Rust Lunch, Oct 5

2024-10-08 | Detroit, MI, US | Detroit Rust

Rust Community Meetup - Ann Arbor

2024-10-15 | San Francisco, CA, US | San Francisco Rust Study Group

Rust Hacking in Person

2024-10-16 | Virtual and In-Person (Vancouver, BC, CA) | Vancouver Rust

Rust Study/Hack/Hang-out

2024-10-17 | Virtual and In-Person (Seattle, WA, US) | Seattle Rust User Group

October Meetup

2024-10-19 | Cambridge, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup

North End Rust Lunch, Oct 19

2024-10-23 | Austin, TX, US | Rust ATX

Rust Lunch - Fareground

2024-10-27 | Cambridge, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup

Kendall Rust Lunch, Oct 27

Oceania

2024-10-29 | Canberra, ACT, AU | Canberra Rust User Group (CRUG)

June Meetup

If you are running a Rust event please add it to the calendar to get it mentioned here. Please remember to add a link to the event too. Email the Rust Community Team for access.

Jobs

Please see the latest Who's Hiring thread on r/rust

Quote of the Week

Just to provide another perspective: if you can write the programs you want to write, then all is good. You don't have to use every single tool in the standard library.

I co-authored the Rust book. I have twelve years experience writing Rust code, and just over thirty years of experience writing software. I have written a macro_rules macro exactly one time, and that was 95% taking someone else's macro and modifying it. I have written one proc macro. I have used Box::leak once. I have never used Arc::downgrade. I've used Cow a handful of times.

Don't stress yourself out. You're doing fine.

– Steve Klabnik on r/rust

Thanks to Jacob Finkelman for the suggestion!

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onlinecompanynews · 2 months ago

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Legal dispute in Brazil: Musk’s X partly gives in - Notice Important Web https://www.merchant-business.com/legal-dispute-in-brazil-musks-x-partly-gives-in/?feed_id=208154&_unique_id=66effb17b0cd3 BUENOS AIRES: Following a shutdown ... BLOGGER - #GLOBAL BUENOS AIRES: Following a shutdown of social media platform X in Brazil, the company of tech billionaire Elon Musk has partially relented and appointed a legal representative in the South American country, reported German news agency dpa.However, Federal Judge Alexandre de Moraes demanded further documents and gave X a five-day deadline to provide documentation on the appointment of attorney Rachel Villa Nova Conceição as legal representative of X in Brazil.The judge demanded a power of attorney from the lawyer for X in Brazil and proof of her proper registration with the Chamber of Commerce of the State of São Paulo, as stated in the decision of the Supreme Federal Court.Moraes had ordered the shutdown of the online service at the end of August.X had allowed a court-ordered deadline to name a legal representative to expire.The company also refused to block the accounts of right-wing activists who spread conspiracy theories and misinformation.Later, the Federal Supreme Court withdrew a fine of 18.35 million reais (US$3.3 million) from the bank accounts of X and Musk’s internet company Starlink.Musk closed the X office in Brazil in mid-August, saying he feared the then representative would be arrested because of the legal dispute over the right-wing X accounts.The newly appointed lawyer had already represented the company before the Brazilian office was closed.Musk presents himself as a defender of freedom of expression. He accused Moraes of attacking freedom of expression and called the judge an “evil dictator.”In April, the federal judge had already initiated a preliminary investigation against Musk himself for obstruction of justice and incitement to commit crimes.“BUENOS AIRES: Following a shutdown of social media platform X in Brazil, the company of tech billionaire Elon Musk has partially relented and appointed a legal representative in the South…”Source Link: https://thesun.my/world/legal-dispute-in-brazil-musk-s-x-partly-gives-in-OA13028574 http://109.70.148.72/~merchant29/6network/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/discussing-busines-report-800x445.jpg #GLOBAL - BLOGGER BUENOS AIRES: Following a shutdown of social media platform X in Brazil, the company of tech billionaire Elon Musk has partially relented and appointed a legal representative in the South American country, reported German news agency dpa. However, Federal Judge Alexandre de Moraes demanded further documents and gave X a five-day deadline to provide documentation … Read More

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internetcompanynews · 2 months ago

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Legal dispute in Brazil: Musk’s X partly gives in - Notice Important Web - BLOGGER https://www.merchant-business.com/legal-dispute-in-brazil-musks-x-partly-gives-in/?feed_id=208153&_unique_id=66effb16d334f BUENOS AIRES: Following a shutdown of social media platform X in Brazil, the company of tech billionaire Elon Musk has partially relented and appointed a legal representative in the South American country, reported German news agency dpa.However, Federal Judge Alexandre de Moraes demanded further documents and gave X a five-day deadline to provide documentation on the appointment of attorney Rachel Villa Nova Conceição as legal representative of X in Brazil.The judge demanded a power of attorney from the lawyer for X in Brazil and proof of her proper registration with the Chamber of Commerce of the State of São Paulo, as stated in the decision of the Supreme Federal Court.Moraes had ordered the shutdown of the online service at the end of August.X had allowed a court-ordered deadline to name a legal representative to expire.The company also refused to block the accounts of right-wing activists who spread conspiracy theories and misinformation.Later, the Federal Supreme Court withdrew a fine of 18.35 million reais (US$3.3 million) from the bank accounts of X and Musk’s internet company Starlink.Musk closed the X office in Brazil in mid-August, saying he feared the then representative would be arrested because of the legal dispute over the right-wing X accounts.The newly appointed lawyer had already represented the company before the Brazilian office was closed.Musk presents himself as a defender of freedom of expression. He accused Moraes of attacking freedom of expression and called the judge an “evil dictator.”In April, the federal judge had already initiated a preliminary investigation against Musk himself for obstruction of justice and incitement to commit crimes.“BUENOS AIRES: Following a shutdown of social media platform X in Brazil, the company of tech billionaire Elon Musk has partially relented and appointed a legal representative in the South…”Source Link: https://thesun.my/world/legal-dispute-in-brazil-musk-s-x-partly-gives-in-OA13028574 http://109.70.148.72/~merchant29/6network/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/discussing-busines-report-800x445.jpg Legal dispute in Brazil: Musk’s X partly gives in - Notice Important Web - #GLOBAL BLOGGER - #GLOBAL

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formidablecompanynews · 2 months ago

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Legal dispute in Brazil: Musk’s X partly gives in - Notice Important Web https://www.merchant-business.com/legal-dispute-in-brazil-musks-x-partly-gives-in/?feed_id=208152&_unique_id=66effb15ae476 #GLOBAL - BLOGGER BLOGGER BUENOS AIRES: Following a shutdown of social media platform X in Brazil, the company of tech billionaire Elon Musk has partially relented and appointed a legal representative in the South American country, reported German news agency dpa.However, Federal Judge Alexandre de Moraes demanded further documents and gave X a five-day deadline to provide documentation on the appointment of attorney Rachel Villa Nova Conceição as legal representative of X in Brazil.The judge demanded a power of attorney from the lawyer for X in Brazil and proof of her proper registration with the Chamber of Commerce of the State of São Paulo, as stated in the decision of the Supreme Federal Court.Moraes had ordered the shutdown of the online service at the end of August.X had allowed a court-ordered deadline to name a legal representative to expire.The company also refused to block the accounts of right-wing activists who spread conspiracy theories and misinformation.Later, the Federal Supreme Court withdrew a fine of 18.35 million reais (US$3.3 million) from the bank accounts of X and Musk’s internet company Starlink.Musk closed the X office in Brazil in mid-August, saying he feared the then representative would be arrested because of the legal dispute over the right-wing X accounts.The newly appointed lawyer had already represented the company before the Brazilian office was closed.Musk presents himself as a defender of freedom of expression. He accused Moraes of attacking freedom of expression and called the judge an “evil dictator.”In April, the federal judge had already initiated a preliminary investigation against Musk himself for obstruction of justice and incitement to commit crimes.“BUENOS AIRES: Following a shutdown of social media platform X in Brazil, the company of tech billionaire Elon Musk has partially relented and appointed a legal representative in the South…”Source Link: https://thesun.my/world/legal-dispute-in-brazil-musk-s-x-partly-gives-in-OA13028574 http://109.70.148.72/~merchant29/6network/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/discussing-busines-report-800x445.jpg BUENOS AIRES: Following a shutdown of social media platform X in Brazil, the company of tech billionaire Elon Musk has partially relented and appointed a legal representative in the South American country, reported German news agency dpa. However, Federal Judge Alexandre de Moraes demanded further documents and gave X a five-day deadline to provide documentation … Read More

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smartcompanynewsweb · 2 months ago

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Legal dispute in Brazil: Musk’s X partly gives in - Notice Important Web - #GLOBAL https://www.merchant-business.com/legal-dispute-in-brazil-musks-x-partly-gives-in/?feed_id=208151&_unique_id=66effb14a9079 BUENOS AIRES: Following a shutdown of social media platform X in Brazil, the company of tech billionaire Elon Musk has partially relented and appointed a legal representative in the South American country, reported German news agency dpa.However, Federal Judge Alexandre de Moraes demanded further documents and gave X a five-day deadline to provide documentation on the appointment of attorney Rachel Villa Nova Conceição as legal representative of X in Brazil.The judge demanded a power of attorney from the lawyer for X in Brazil and proof of her proper registration with the Chamber of Commerce of the State of São Paulo, as stated in the decision of the Supreme Federal Court.Moraes had ordered the shutdown of the online service at the end of August.X had allowed a court-ordered deadline to name a legal representative to expire.The company also refused to block the accounts of right-wing activists who spread conspiracy theories and misinformation.Later, the Federal Supreme Court withdrew a fine of 18.35 million reais (US$3.3 million) from the bank accounts of X and Musk’s internet company Starlink.Musk closed the X office in Brazil in mid-August, saying he feared the then representative would be arrested because of the legal dispute over the right-wing X accounts.The newly appointed lawyer had already represented the company before the Brazilian office was closed.Musk presents himself as a defender of freedom of expression. He accused Moraes of attacking freedom of expression and called the judge an “evil dictator.”In April, the federal judge had already initiated a preliminary investigation against Musk himself for obstruction of justice and incitement to commit crimes.“BUENOS AIRES: Following a shutdown of social media platform X in Brazil, the company of tech billionaire Elon Musk has partially relented and appointed a legal representative in the South…”Source Link: https://thesun.my/world/legal-dispute-in-brazil-musk-s-x-partly-gives-in-OA13028574 http://109.70.148.72/~merchant29/6network/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/discussing-busines-report-800x445.jpg BLOGGER - #GLOBAL

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ambientalmercantil · 3 months ago

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#DESENVOLVIMENTOSUSTENTÁVEL #ENERGIASOLAR #GERAÇÃODISTRIBUÍDA #GESTÃOAMBIENTAL #GESTÃODEENERGIAS #GESTÃOSUSTENTÁVEL

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adiascinzentos · 5 months ago

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Chapter 66 - "Doubts Inc"

"And then... a mess... in that head..."

Sete horas e quatro minutos, acordei... soube tão bem o dia de ontem... não estava pronta para entrar já na rotina outra vez...

O meu corpo ressentiu-se claramente... e há um par de explicações para isso...

Devo estar a chocar aquela altura do mês...

Depois de um dia de boas sensações e quando dou shutdown... o dia seguinte é sempre dificil emocionalmente...

Sou bipolar.

Emocionalmente oscilo muito...

Literalmente, sinto os tremores claramente...

Depois de um oitenta tão bom, tal a subida, obviamente que a queda vai sentir-se... ainda são uns quantos andares...

...

Sou consciente disto tudo, já sei os padrões... tenho-os estudados...

...

Facilita, porque sei a fonte, no entanto... não impede que o dia seja um dia de merda emocionalmente...

...

Não é como se eu pudesse clicar no "On/Off" e estava tudo bem... porque mesmo que pudesse, não iria resultar... é ciclico, é algo que por mais terapia e medicação que tenha, vai sempre acontecer...

A luta... é não deixar que isso tome conta... que me consuma...

...

E dou por mim... nesta luta mental... e já estou no office...

Felizmente... vai ser um dia chill... mas... agradecia que ninguem me incomodasse... preciso, apesar de tudo... de sossego... para gerir tudo...

...

Obrigada.

Consegui acabar o work sem chatices... ou tolos a incomodar...

Foi entrar... trabalhar... responder a e-mails... e sair...

Dou por mim...

São três da tarde... estou a sair do bus... não me lembro de ter entrado nele...

...

É tão ingrata e cruel... estes dias são tão exigentes...

Ninguem sabe o que é passar por isto, ninguem entende...

...

Estou exausta...

Por mais tempo que passe... e reconheça os padrões ...que entenda... que saiba o que se está a passar... no fim do dia...

Sou bipolar.

Vou massacrar-me.

Vou criar inseguranças.

Vou criar duvidas.

Vou ser má para mim.

...

Porque simplesmente...

Sou assim.

...

Ninguem entende, mesmo que queiram, que queiram ter empatia, que queiram... estar lá para mim...

...

Sou bipolar, um Chill Pill e amanhã estou como nova...

Talvez dois.

...

Mas hoje... hoje vou sabotar-me.

Porque é a minha natureza...

Porque hoje é um oito...

...

Porque sou bipolar.

...

Gostava de ser outra diferente, porque diferente eu já sou, mas este tipo de diferente...

A Maria João afundou.

...

E continua a afundar... lentamente... até ao fim...

...

Mas até lá... sou teimosa...

...

Ninguem entende, e é bom que assim seja...

"Como te sentes hoje?"

...

#feelings #anxiety depression #bipolar disorder #mental health #glasgow #office

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capitalflutuante · 11 months ago

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Edição n. 13/2023 O resultado do PIB do 3T/2023, com uma alta de 0,1% na margem, veio acima das expectativas de mercado, que previa uma queda de -0,2%. Com esse desempenho, o nível da atividade econômica renovou seu recorde, mantendo-se praticamente em linha com a tendência observada entre 2017 e 2019, que teve uma alta de 0,5% ao trimestre ou 1,8% em termos anualizados. Esse resultado consolida a percepção de desaceleração da atividade econômica ao longo do ano de 2023, mas em menor grau em comparação às expectativas que apontavam para uma contração nesse trimestre. O crescimento do PIB no primeiro semestre do ano, amparado pelo bom desempenho da agropecuária e dos serviços – pelo lado da oferta – e do consumo das famílias – pelo lado da demanda – garante uma expansão anual em torno de 3,0% (carry-over de 2023). O primeiro semestre foi bastante dinâmico, tanto por causa da supersafra agrícola e da resiliência do setor de serviços quanto devido ao impulso fiscal do governo a partir da PEC da Transição, com a manutenção do Bolsa Família em R$ 600,00 e adicional de R$ 150,00 por criança de até 6 anos e com o aumento do salário mínimo e a recomposição de gastos em áreas prioritárias que estavam em eminente shutdown em 2022. A queda da inflação, em particular nos preços de alimentos, também gera impacto positivo na renda das famílias, estimulando o consumo principalmente de pessoas com menores faixas de renda A preocupação reside na dinâmica dos investimentos. Tanto a parte relativa ao segmento de bens de capital quanto a referente ao setor de construção mostra perda de dinamismo no curto prazo. A expectativa é de que, com a continuidade do ciclo de flexibilização monetária em curso, esse cenário seja, em alguma medida, revertido para 2024. A adoção articulada de políticas públicas, como o Novo PAC, a nova Política Industrial e o Plano de Transição Ecológica do Governo Federal tendem a contribuir para um maior dinamismo do investimento, tanto por meio da execução de projetos quanto pelo alinhamento e impulso dos investimentos privados. >>Acesse o estudo completo aqui Conteúdos relacionados Qual será o nível da Selic ao fim do atual ciclo de flexibilização monetária? O BNDES afeta o juro neutro e a potência da política monetária? Sem custos previdenciários, FAT teria superávit mesmo em cenário pessimista, diz estudo (function(d, s, id) var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src="https://connect.facebook.net/pt_BR/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.12"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); (document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); Link da matéria

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guiadoinvestidoroficial · 1 year ago

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Buraco no piso da saúde para este ano pode chegar a R$ 21 bilhões Reinstituído pelo novo arcabouço fiscal, o piso de gastos para a saúde requer que o governo destine até R$ 21 bilhões para a área ainda este ano, disse nesta sexta-feira (22) o secretário de Orçamento Federal do Ministério do Planejamento, Paulo Bijos. Ele disse que o governo está avaliando as opções de onde tirar recursos para gastar os R$ 189 bilhões de limite mínimo. Segundo o antigo teto de gastos, os limites mínimos para a saúde e a educação eram corrigidos conforme os gastos de 2016, corrigidos pela inflação oficial pelo Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA). O novo arcabouço restabeleceu a regra anterior, que obriga o governo a aplicar 15% da receita corrente líquida (RCL) em valores atualizados, conforme determina a Constituição. Atualmente, o Orçamento de 2023 reserva R$ 168 bilhões para a saúde. O Relatório Bimestral de Avaliação de Receitas e Despesas, documento que atualiza as estimativas sobre o Orçamento divulgado nesta sexta-feira, atualizou as estimativas da RCL para cerca de R$ 1,26 trilhão, elevando o limite mínimo para R$ 189 bilhões. “Para esta RCL de agora [valor estimado no relatório de setembro], chegaríamos a R$ 20 bilhões [de diferença]”, reconheceu Bijos em entrevista coletiva durante a apresentação do relatório bimestral. Contingenciamento O relatório apresentado nesta sexta não incluiu os R$ 21 bilhões na nova estimativa para gastos obrigatórios. Se o valor fosse considerado, o governo teria de contingenciar (bloquear temporariamente) o mesmo valor de outros ministérios, o que ameaçaria o funcionamento de serviços públicos, situação conhecida como shutdown. Segundo o secretário de Orçamento Federal, a não inclusão ocorreu porque setores do próprio governo divergem sobre o valor a ser recomposto ao piso da saúde. Bijos, no entanto, afirmou que o governo cumprirá a Constituição e dará uma solução para o tema ainda em 2023. Isso porque a apuração do cumprimento dos pisos mínimos para saúde e educação só ocorre ao fim de cada ano. Projeto de lei O governo tenta resolver a questão por dois caminhos. Em primeiro lugar, a equipe econômica aguarda o desfecho de um processo no Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) sobre os pisos constitucionais da educação e da saúde aberto pelo Ministério Público. O governo também cogita fazer uma consulta própria ao órgão caso o processo demore. Em segundo lugar, tenta diminuir no Congresso o impacto dos novos limites mínimos. No último dia 14, a Câmara dos Deputados aprovou um projeto de lei complementar que permite que o percentual de 15% seja aplicado à RCL que consta da versão original do Orçamento Geral da União. A mudança reduziria o impacto de R$ 21 bilhões para R$ 5 bilhões. Isso porque o texto original do Orçamento de 2023 previa R$ 108,8 bilhões a menos de receitas líquidas em relação ao Relatório Bimestral de Avaliação de Receitas e Despesas de setembro. O projeto de lei complementar trata da compensação da União a estados e municípios por causa do corte do Imposto sobre a Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços (ICMS) sobre os combustíveis na campanha presidencial do ano passado. Durante a tramitação, o líder do PT na Câmara, deputado Zeca Dirceu (PT-PR), relator da proposta, incluiu a mudança no cálculo do piso mínimo da saúde. Resposta Mesmo com uma eventual redução do limite, o secretário de Orçamento Federal destaca que o governo não deixou de dar prioridade à saúde. “Com o teto de gastos, o piso seria R$ 147 bilhões, nós temos em 2023 uma dotação de R$ 168 bilhões [para a saúde]. Estamos bastante acima, temos R$ 20 bilhões a mais [em relação ao limite original]”, declarou. Paulo Bijos também destacou que o governo reservou R$ 7,3 bilhões para pagar o piso nacional da enfermagem, despesa que não está no limite mínimo da saúde. Em relação a 2024, o secretário explicou que uma grande parte do aumento de R$ 50 bilhões para o setor decorre da regra do mínimo constitucional.

Durante a tramitação do novo arcabouço fiscal, o governo tentou incluir uma regra de transição para repor os mínimos constitucionais para a educação e a saúde, mas não conseguiu. No fim de março, o secretário do Tesouro Nacional, Rogério Ceron, disse que o governo estudava o envio de propostas de emenda à Constituição em 2025 para mudar o cálculo dos pisos de gastos e encontrar um outro critério que não fosse uma vinculação às receitas. Fonte: Agência Brasil

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atlanticcanada · 6 months ago

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#nova scotia #news #politics #canada #atlantic canada #CBCNS

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factoringcompany456 · 1 year ago

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10 Largest Factoring Companies Within The Us

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ailtrahq · 1 year ago

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The recent indictment of Tornado Cash developers brings the tension between Crypto Privacy and national Security into sharp focus. What are the implications for the Crypto world? One of the main issues affecting innovation is the potential for abuse by bad actors. Because of its pseudonymous nature, low cost, and ability to move vast sums, Crypto has had its fair share of cases of misuse. Looking at the recent fiasco of Tornado Cash founders and the regulators, one could think that criminals are tipping the scales in the regulator’s favor. A recent Crypto-money-laundering-2022/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">report by blockchain research firm Chainalysis found that as much as $23.8 billion was laundered using Cryptocurrency in 2022. The report estimated that cybercriminals have laundered over $67 billion using Crypto since 2015. That amount excluded funds from so-called “offline crimes” such as drug trafficking and illegal gambling and only comprised money from hacks and ransomware attacks. It means that the actual figures could be exponentially higher. Law enforcement agencies increase their efforts to bring these bad actors to book. However, it may impact developers and entrepreneurs struggling to navigate the increasingly complex regulatory landscape while still adhering to the core values of decentralization and peer-to-peer innovation. Tornado Cash sanctions Tornado Cash (TORN) is a Cryptocurrency mixing service that enables anonymous Crypto transactions. It provides Privacy to users by making it difficult to tie a particular Crypto wallet’s transactions with the wallet’s owner. However, the downside to such anonymity is its potential to be used for malicious activities. It is nearly impossible to trace criminal financing and unlawful actions within the system. Tornado Cash’s woes began in August 2022, after the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) placed it and its developers on the Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) sanction list due to the alleged facilitation of anonymous transactions. OFAC explained its decision by highlighting the anonymous nature of transactions facilitated by Tornado Cash, with no attempts made to determine their origin, posing a potential threat to U.S. national Security. The ambiguity of sanctions OFAC’s sanctioning of Tornado Cash caused News/articles/2022-08-16/kraken-s-powell-calls-tornado-cash-shutdown-unconstitutional" target="_blank" rel="noopener">consternation among the Crypto community, with many, including the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), concerned about how the decision impacted the free speech protections for Software code and the potential repercussions concerning government attempts to curtail illegal activities using said code. For years, courts in the United States have recognized that Software code is speech. The precedent was set over a quarter century ago in Bernstein v. U.S. Department of State and has been a critical component of advocacy for the Crypto community. Thirty years of hard legal work to establish first amendment protections around Software distribution, blown up in a day by Github/Microsoft.— Matthew Green (@matthew_d_green) August 8, 2022 The action by OFAC created ambiguity about what exactly is sanctioned in the context of Tornado Cash. EFF actively sought clarity from OFAC on its interpretation and the scope of what it meant by “Tornado Cash.” Technically, the Tornado Cash name does not refer to a legal body but to a collection of open-source Software libraries created over time by various contributors. In its indictment, OFAC referred to the Crypto mixer variously as “Tornado Cash,” “Tornado Classic,” and “Tornado Nova.” For that reason, the EFF claimed that the moniker “Tornado Cash” could refer to various items, thus generating doubt about what was officially sanctioned. According to the advocacy group, “Tornado Cash,” “Classic,” and “Nova” were Software variants available as source code on GitHub as well as functioning on the blockchain.

This distinction was particularly pertinent given that GitHub, following the SDN listing, removed the Tornado Cash source code and suspended the accounts of its primary developers. This action by GitHub, while within its rights, raised concerns about the potential chilling effect of government actions on the publication of code. Creators of Privacy-preserving technology became worried that if bad actors utilized tools developed using their code, the U.S. government would not only shut it down but also punish contributors who, in general, have little influence in how their open source contributions are used. Speaking to The Messenger in August 2022, Omid Malekan, an adjunct professor at Columbia Business School, said that adding the Tornado Cash protocol to the sanction list would have greater implications for the world beyond Crypto than for Crypto itself. Community backlash In August 2023, the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ) and Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) indicted and sanctioned the platform and its founders, Roman Semenov and Roman Storm, for allegedly facilitating the laundering of over $1 billion in illicit proceeds. Tornado Cash Founders Charged with Money Laundering and Sanctions ViolationsRoman Storm and Roman Semenov Charged with Operating the Tornado Cash Service, Laundering More Than $1 Billion in Criminal Proceedshttps://t.co/Z0C57jiI5C— Justice Department (@TheJusticeDept) August 23, 2023 Tornado Cash allegedly enabled the obfuscation of transaction trails between varying Cryptocurrency addresses, making them untraceable. This lack of transparency reportedly violated basic know-your-customer (KYC) protocols designed to combat money laundering. Semenov and Storm were also implicated in laundering funds for the Lazarus Group—a cybercrime syndicate with ties to North Korea—amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars. The indictment again has sparked debate within the Crypto community, with Crypto advocacy group Coin Center and U.S. law firm Cravath Lawyers cautioning about the implications for Software developers and the enforceability of regulatory compliance. Others, like Crypto YouTuber Alexa, who goes by Crypto Tea on X, claimed that “KYC laws and permissionless money cannot coexist.” ok i'll say itthe two founders of Tornado Cash have been arrested and charged with money laundrythey are accused of not implementing know your customer and anti-money laundering programs as required by lawlet's think this through:does bitcoins lightning network help… pic.twitter.com/pKqjMomCfY— Crypto Tea (@CryptoTea_) August 24, 2023 Generally, the reaction was similar across the length and breadth of Crypto X, with most commentators arguing that developers shouldn’t be arrested for writing code. For writing open-source Software?First amendement is not a thing anymore?— Yanneth.ETH🦇🔊 (@yanneth_eth) August 23, 2023 Roman Storm’s lawyer, Brian Klein, echoed those sentiments in a written statement, where he said, “We are incredibly disappointed that the prosecutors chose to charge Mr. Storm because he helped develop Software, and they did so based on a novel legal theory with dangerous implications for all Software developers.” However, according to the FBI, the indictment of Storm and Semenov was a stark reminder to criminal organizations that they could not hide from law enforcement authorities regardless of the technology they used. The agency also stated that it would work to bring to book anyone facilitating money laundering, especially for cybercriminals and sanctioned states like North Korea. Challenges posed by FinCEN guidance The regulatory landscape in the U.S. has proven challenging for the burgeoning world of blockchain and Cryptocurrency technology. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is a U.S. government agency focused on stopping financial crimes like money laundering. Under the Federal Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), they make rules for anyone who moves money around, whether it’s regular cash or digital currency.

The regulator requires all money transmitters to register and comply with numerous compliance obligations, including regular reporting. This covers user/customer identification and transaction data. The guidance from FinCEN concerning the treatment of cryptocurrencies has evolved over time. In 2013, the agency stated that the rules for moving regular money also apply to digital currencies. This was reaffirmed in 2019, with FinCEN asserting that any entity that acts as a middleman, accepting Virtual Currency payments from one user and relaying them to another, likely qualifies as a money transmitter. This guidance apparently led to designating Tornado Cash as a money transmitter and demanding that it implement basic KYC protocols. According to Treasury Undersecretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Brian Nelson, the Crypto mixer did not put in place effective controls to stop money laundering, even after it gave public assurances that it had. Semenov and Storm aren’t the first Crypto developers to face FinCEN’s stringent regulations. In November 2019, Ethereum developer Virgil Griffith was arrested following allegations he’d helped North Koreans evade international economic sanctions using Crypto. He pleaded guilty to the charge and is now serving a 5-year prison term. When handing down its sentence, the court described Griffith as having a “desire to educate people on how to evade sanctions.” “The fact of the matter is Virgil Griffith…hoped to come home as a Crypto hero, to be admired and praised for standing up to government sanctions,” the court said. The judge also cited the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the subsequent sanctions against Russia to support his severe sentence against Griffith. In the judge’s opinion, Griffith and others like him needed a harsh sentence to prevent them from breaking U.S. sanctions rules in the future. Thirty years of hard legal work to establish first amendment protections around Software distribution, blown up in a day by Github/Microsoft.— Matthew Green (@matthew_d_green) August 8, 2022 The action by OFAC created ambiguity about what exactly is sanctioned in the context of Tornado Cash. EFF actively sought clarity from OFAC on its interpretation and the scope of what it meant by “Tornado Cash.” Technically, the Tornado Cash name does not refer to a legal body but to a collection of open-source Software libraries created over time by a varied range of contributors. In its indictment, OFAC referred to the Crypto mixer variously as “Tornado Cash,” “Tornado Classic,” and “Tornado Nova.” For that reason, the EFF claimed that the moniker “Tornado Cash” could refer to various items, thus generating doubt about what was officially sanctioned. According to the advocacy group, Tornado “Cash,” “Classic,” and “Nova” were Software variants available as source code on GitHub as well as functioning on the blockchain. This distinction was particularly pertinent given that GitHub, following the SDN listing, removed the Tornado Cash source code and suspended the accounts of its primary developers. This action by GitHub, while within its rights, raised concerns about the potential chilling effect of government actions on the publication of code. Creators of Privacy-preserving technology became worried that if bad actors utilized tools developed using their code, the U.S. government would not only shut it down but also punish contributors who, in general, have little influence in how their open source contributions are used. Speaking to The Messenger in August 2022,Crypto-software-tornado-cash-the-tech-industry-is-watching-nervously" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"> Omid Malekan, an adjunct professor at Columbia Business School, said that adding the Tornado Cash protocol to the sanction list would actually have greater implications for the world beyond Crypto than for Crypto itself. Does FinCEN guidance apply to Tornado Cash? Roman Storm and Roman Semenov are facing indictment charges, including conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money-transmitting business.

However, according to Coin Centre, the evidence presented against them by OFAC does not appear to prove violations of the pertinent laws conclusively. Here are our initial thoughts on today's Tornado Cash indictment. The factual allegations of unlicensed money transmission are in conflict with FinCEN's longstanding guidance that an "anonymizing Software provider is not a money transmitter."https://t.co/9QBiV9sjnd— Peter Van Valkenburgh (@valkenburgh) August 23, 2023 In an Aug. 23 blog post, Peter Van Valkenburgh, research director at Coin Center, argued that the focal point of OFAC’s case lies in distinguishing between money transmission versus Software development or communication services, which is critical to people’s rights to create and publish Software in the U.S. According to Valkenburgh, OFAC’s indictment alleges that Semenov and Storm transferred funds on behalf of the public without registration with FinCEN, but it doesn’t present substantial facts to prove they engaged in activities that fall under the legal definition of money transmission. He further added that FinCEN’s guidelines define “money transmission services,” and they clearly state that providers of anonymizing Software are not money transmitters. Therefore, in Valkenburgh’s opinion, Semenov and Storm’s activities, as described in the indictment, seem to align with the FinCEN exemption, suggesting they are not money transmitters. To summarize, the defendants engaged in activities such as paying for web hosting services and Software repositories and had some control over Tornado Cash Smart Contracts. None of these activities fit the definition of money transmission, which implies the acceptance and transmission of funds from one person to another. They merely provided the means for individual users to transmit their own money. Although the defendants had control over Smart Contracts, the indictment does not clarify the extent of this control and, therefore, does not convincingly allege unlicensed money transmission. According to Coin Center, Storm and Semenov’s only control was related to Tornado Cash’s Privacy features; they could not access, move, or direct user funds. This, along with their advertising, profiting from governance tokens, and designing aspects of the tool, does not, in Coin Center’s opinion, equate to the “acceptance and transmission” of money as defined by the FinCEN guidelines. Similarly, other observers feel that the throwing out of a class action lawsuit against Uniswap by a New York court on Aug. 30 may offer a glimmer of hope to the Tornado Cash defendants. In its dismissal of the lawsuit, the court determined that Uniswap, as a protocol, could not be held liable for the losses of its users or any damage caused by third parties. Another huge victory for the Crypto world & software devs. SDNY court tossed out a class action against us, deciding that the “self-driving” Uniswap protocol has primarily *lawful* use & protocol devs aren’t liable when others misuse it. The trend in courts is obvious. pic.twitter.com/nrUyJlFhdB— Marvin Ammori (@ammori) August 30, 2023 Unpacking the consequences Crypto has scored a few victories against regulators recently, including the decision by three judges to overturn the SEC’s blocking of Grayscale’s spot bitcoin ETF rollout. However, regarding the Tornado Cash issue, the industry lost an important battle when U.S. District Judge Robert Pitman found that Tornado Cash was an entity capable of being sanctioned. The judge also agreed with OFAC, the defendants in that case, that Tornado Cash’s Smart Contracts are property and that the platform has a beneficial Interest in them since it allows it to control and use Crypto. While it is unknown how Semenov and Storm’s cases will eventually pan out, it has brought attention to the complex difficulties that exist between Software development and regulatory compliance. Many in the Crypto community feel that the case should prompt inquiries regarding the

definition of money transmission and the accountability of developers for the possible misuse of their creations. Others also believe the discussion should encompass the Protection of free speech for Software code and its broader implications for contributions to open-source projects.

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