slytherinstudygreen

[slytherinstudygreen]

my masterpost | my studygram | ask me anything

[click images for high quality]

[transcript under the cut]

Other advice posts that may be of interest:

How To Study When You Really Don’t Want To

How To Do Uni Readings

Active Revision Tips

Okumaya devam et

[slytherinstudygreen]

Rain, tea, research & zoom study session

We do zoom sessions almost every day now, sometimes even for the whole day. When we're not studying, we’re doing chores or one of us is reading and the other watching a movie. It really helps during lockdown.

[slytherinstudygreen]

Energy Management

A human-based organization method

click on images for better resolution; images also available here (link to google drive)

Other posts that may be of interest:

Getting stuff done: How to deal with a lack of motivation

Flexible time-blocking: A more breathable way to get things done

The ABCDE Method

[slytherinstudygreen]

Here’s PART 2 of les chiffres: 60~100 + 

The 60’s follow the same pattern seen in 20~59. 

However, 70~99 is a bit different. In standard French there are no separate words for seventy, eighty or ninety like in English (NOTE: some other French speaking nationalities do have separate words).

SEVENTY:

Is counted as sixty + ten (eleven, twelve, thirteen…etc). 

Therefore, soixante + dix = soixante-dix. 

All words after soixante are hyphenated, except 71.   

71 = is sixty and eleven = soixante et onze (similar to vingt et un, trente et un…etc.) 

EIGHTY: 

Has another pattern altogether. Eighty is considered as ‘four twenties’ (20 x 4 = 80). Therefore, it is quatre-vingts. 

It is counted as four-twenties + one (two, three, four etc.)

So, 81 = quatre-vingt-un. Note that there's no and/et, the words are just hyphenated. 

NOTE: from 81~99 the ’s’ in quatre-vingtsdrops off:

82 = quatre-vingt-deux; 83 = quatre-vingt-trois…etc.

NINETY:

Is counted as 'four-twenties plus ten’ (+ eleven, twelve…etc.). So, 90 is quatre-vingt-dix. 

91=quatre-vingt-onze; 92=quatre-vingt-douze…etc.

HUNDREDS:

The word for ’(a) hundred’ = cent. Therefore, 100 = cent.

For all other multiples of 100 (ie. 200, 300 etc.) it becomes cents, with an s. It loses the ’~s’ when other numbers follow. Unlike English, there is no 'and’ between the 'hundred’ and the 'tens’ column. 

E.g. (345) three-hundred and forty-five = trois cent quarante-cinq. 

[slytherinstudygreen]

Les verbes au passé simple: des verbes réguliers 

The passé simple is a tense that replaces the passé composé in literary writing (articles, books etc.). You will probably not have to conjugate this tense yourself very often, but it is important to recognise it for when you read literature. 

NB: I’ve included “oir/oire” as a category, as this is a common pattern. Same goes for verbs that conjugate to the last letter ‘u’ for the past participle

e.g. connaître –> connu –> connus etc. (follows passé simple pattern for 'oir/oire’)

<<<<<< If I’ve made a mistake, please tell me so I can correct it. Thank you >>>>>>

[slytherinstudygreen]

Here’s a site that’s pretty in depth for pronunciation; you can press play and listen to the vowels etc. 

[slytherinstudygreen]

This is le conditionnel présent 

It is formed by using the stem of the verb used in le futur simple (the future) and adding the endings used in the l'imparfait (the imperfect past tense). 

The endings are the same for all verbs!

E.g. 

être → ser~ (le futur simple) → ser + ais, ais, ait etc. → serais

avoir → aur~ (le futur simple) → aur + ais, ais, ait etc. → aurais

So even if the verb is irregular in the future tense, it will form in the same way as other verbs.

NOTE: 

For verbs that end in e + consonne + er ou é + consonne + e

se lever → je me lèverais 

espérer → j'espérerais 

Also note: 

s'appeler → je m'appellerais 

jeter → jetterais

Have I made a mistake? Please let me know :)

[slytherinstudygreen]

[slytherinstudygreen]

13.04.2019| On the final leg of my Masters program. Final exams these days and the preparation is going on

[slytherinstudygreen]

Spanish Text Talk Phrases

So, for those of you who don’t know, I went on a search for quite a while for Spanish text talk / internet slang that Spanish-speaking people use. I did get a few responses, but earlier today, I finally really found what I was looking for through a course on Mango Languages. Mango is a fantastic program for anyone looking to start a new language, and it’s free through some libraries. However, not many libraries do offer it, and I only have it because mine does. Having said that, I figured I’d share what I found with all of you! Here you go. 

K? - ¿Qué? (This was adapted in more recent years with the spread of the English language. Typing ‘K?’ simply means “What?”)

K haces? -  ¿Qué haces? (A shorter, more informal way of asking, “What are you doing?”. It’s an equivalent to “Wyd?”)

Kieres? -  ¿Quieres? (Another example of the qu being replaced with a k. You can pretty much do that with any word that starts with qu in Spanish. Simply put, this translates to “You want it?” or “You want one?”)

X k? -  ¿Por qué? (The multiplication symbol, x, is read in Spanish as “por”, as in 5 x 5 is read as “cinco por cinco”. Therefore the x is understood as “por”. The k, as i explained before, is read as “qué”. Put those two together, and you have the Spanish word for “Why?” or the English text talk equivalent “y?”)

X fis - Por fis (A more casual version of “por favor”, which means “please”. This is the Spanish equivalent to “Pls”) 

Ntc - No te creas (Literally translated, this comes out to “don’t believe you”, but it’s understood as “just kidding”. Ntc is the acronym for that and therefore is the Spanish equivalent to “jk”)

Tkm / Tqm - Te quiero mucho (You might see it as tkm or tqm, but either way, they mean the same thing. Literally translated, “te quiero mucho” means “i love you so much”. That said, the English text talk equivalent is “ily” or “ilysm”)

Bb -  Bebé (This simply means “baby” or “babe” and can be used here as a term of endearment. The English equivalent would be something like “bb” or “bby”

Jajaja / jjj - hahaha (This wasn’t part of the course, but I’ve seen it online from Spanish-speaking friends on Facebook, so I figure I’d throw it in there. Congratulations. You now know how to laugh in Spanish.) 

I’ve also seen Spanish-speaking people use English text talk too, though. I was texting someone earlier today, and he used “lol” even though the entire conversation was in Spanish. Just thought I’d let you all know of that too. 

At any rate, I don’t know if or when this will come in handy for anyone, but in case it does, there you have it! And with that, I bid you all goodnight.

[slytherinstudygreen]

Too many times the Spanish language is subjected to a barbaric butchering of its beautiful sound and its harmonious structure. Growing up in the United States I would often hear Spanish being spoken by non-Spanish speakers in a mocking, almost dismissive, way. Luckily, nowadays, there seems to be more of a push for truth. This is my contribution towards that truth.

HOW NOT TO SOUND LIKE A GRINGO WHEN SPEAKING SPANISH

1. NO PROBLEMO

No. Sandwiching an English noun between an el and a letter O, does not make it Spanish; nor is it ingenious anymore. Seen it. Heard it. Next.

2. MI CASA ES SU CASA

This one is sweet. It implies that Latino households are warm and hospitable. This is very true, however, Latinos don’t have to say this because it’s implied! The closest I’ve ever heard to this phrase is: Estás en tu casa. For example; if you ask to use the restroom at someone’s home, they might say: Claro, estás en tu casa. This means, “Of course, you’re in your own home.”

3. MUY CALIENTE!

You might say this if the soup burned your tongue, but never is it used to describe someone’s sex appeal. Spanish has a million and one ways of expressing attraction towards someone. Two of the most commonly used phrases are “¡Qué guapo/a!” and “¡Qué chulo/a!” 

4. RAPIDO, RAPIDO! ANDALE, ANDALE! ARRIBA, ARRIBA!

<Sigh> I won’t mention that cartoon mouse as it’s way before the average Tumblr user’s time. However, I have noticed that The Amazing Race contestants love to yell “rapido, rapido!” at taxi drivers from Spanish-speaking countries. I understand where they’re coming from, and I don’t blame them, but this is plain rude. Say this instead: ¿Puede ir un poco más deprisa, por favor?

5. NO COJONES

If you want to tell someone they have no balls, tell them in English! Don’t veil your contempt for someone by misusing the Spanish language. A common way of saying this accurately is: No tienes agallas. It’s strong without being vulgar.

6. COMPRENDE?!

The condescending use of “comprende” when a Spanish speaker does not understand something is the height of humiliation. Try getting some help. If you actually do speak Spanish, there’s another way of saying this: ¿Me hago entender?

7. HASTA LA VISTA

I’ve never heard any Spanish speakers ever say this. Along with adiós, “hasta la vista” is seriously misused and abused. Read my previous post on other ways of saying adiós by clicking <HERE>. 

8. AMIGO

Yes, Spanish-speaking people are friendly, but that does not make them your amigo. Wait for them to call you “mi parce” or “mi compa” before you reciprocate. True amigos don’t call each other amigo.

9. NO BUENO

This popular phrase is incorrect on so many levels. At best, it sounds like a phrase that a Spanish-speaker might put together during early infancy. To learn the different ways to express that something is not good click <HERE>.

[slytherinstudygreen]

Spanish Grammar Resources

The lovely @studywithbyu​ came to looking for some help with Spanish grammar, so here is a little masterlist! (warning, not so little - long post ahead!) I highly suggest checking out both resources because they cover different things and one may provide the information in a better format for you.

Grammar with SpanishDict

A great resource with reliable translations and instruction! I go here instead of to Google Translate because I know it’s much more helpful and accurate. It also has forums for individual questions. 

Here is a list of all its lessons:

Adjectives

Descriptive adjectives (regular and irregular)

Adjective placement

Nationalities as adjectives

Short form adjectives (apocopation)

Possessive adjectives

Cardinal numbers (0-100)

Cardinal numbers (101+)

Ordinal numbers

Negatives and negation

Asking questions: interrogatives

Comparisons of inequality

Comparisons of equality

Superlatives - the best, worst, most, & least

Using adjectives as nouns

Relative adjectives (cuyo)

Demonstrative adjectives

Exclamatory words

Adverbs

Adverb forms and placement 

Articles

Definite article forms (regular and exceptions)

Definite Article Uses

Indefinite article forms (regular and irregular)

Indefinite article uses

Neuter article

Conjunctions

Conjunctions 

Gender

Masculine and feminine nouns

Professions and other nouns with both masculine and feminine forms

Number

Plural forms of nouns (regular and exceptions) 

Prepositions

Basic Prepositions

Basic por vs. para (motion vs. destination)

Contractions

Advanced por vs. para (DREEMS vs. PRODDS)

Advanced expressions with por and para

Pronouns

Subject pronouns (personal pronouns)

Spanish “you” - (tú, vos, usted, vosotros, ustedes)

Object pronouns (pronouns after prepositions)

Direct Object Pronouns

Direct object pronoun placement

Indirect Object Pronouns

Indirect object pronoun placement

Possessive pronouns

Neuter possessive pronouns

Using direct and indirect object pronouns together

Demonstrative pronouns

Relative pronouns (que, quien, el que, el cual)

Neuter relative pronouns (lo que, lo cual)

Impersonal se

Impersonal se vs. passive se

Passive se

Pronunciation

Spanish Alphabet and Pronunciation

Spanish vowels

Spanish syllables

Word stress

Written accents (tildes)

Spanish punctuation

Verbs

Infinitive forms and finding stems for regular verbs

Other uses for infinitives

Present Participles

Other uses for the present participle (gerundio)

Past participle regular forms and uses

Irregular and stressed past participles

Present perfect - Using haber with past participles

Present Tense Forms

Present tense spelling changes

Stem Changing Verbs

Irregular present tense

Verbs like gustar

Basic ser vs. estar - D.O.T. vs. Lo.Co.

Uses of ser: descriptions

Uses of ser: origins

Uses of ser: time

Uses of estar: Location

Uses of estar: condition

Informal future (ir + a + infinitive)

Imperfect Tense Forms

Spanish Preterite Tense Forms

Spelling changes in the preterit

Stem changes in the preterit

Verbs that change meaning in the preterit

Preterit vs. Imperfect - differences and signifier phrases

Affirmative informal (tú) commands

Negative Tú Commands

Formal Affirmative and Negative Commands

Subjunctive vs. Indicative

Wishes & wants in the subjunctive

Emotions with the subjunctive

Impersonal expressions with the subjunctive

Recommendations & requests with the subjunctive

Doubts & denial with the subjunctive

Ojalá with the subjunctive

Uncompleted or prospective actions with the subjunctive

Present Subjunctive Regular and Irregular Forms

Present Progressive Forms

Saber vs. Conocer

Pedir vs. preguntar (to ask)

Reciprocal verbs and pronouns

Reflexive Verbs and Pronouns

Active vs. passive voice

Nosotros commands

Indirect commands

Imperfect progressive

Simple future regular forms and uses

Simple future irregular and stem changing forms

Hacer with expressions of time

Conditional regular and irregular forms and uses

Imperfect Subjunctive

Future subjunctive forms and uses

Past perfect forms and uses

Preterit perfect

Present Perfect Subjunctive

Future perfect

Conditional perfect forms and uses

Past Perfect Subjunctive Forms

Future perfect subjunctive forms and uses

Verb structures (transitive, intransitive, pronominal)

Ir vs. irse

Verbal periphrasis

Indicative mood

Imperative mood

Copular Verbs

________________________________________________________________

Spanish Grammar @ StudySpanish.com

Nine units full of very useful grammar! I plan to use this one myself for a bit of self-instruction before I go to Catalonia. My favorite part is it gives you flashcard ideas and has review.

Here are the units and their topics:

UNIT ONE

1. Gender of Nouns I

2. Gender of Nouns II

3. Numbers: 1-10

4. Plural Forms of Nouns

5. Def. & Indef. Articles

6. The Verb Form “hay”

7. Subject Pronouns

8. Reg. Verbs I

9. Reg. Verbs II

10. Reg. Verbs III

11. Adjectives I

12. Adjectives II

13. Days of the Week

14. Numbers: 11-30

UNIT TWO

15. Ser and Estar I

16. Ser and Estar II

17. Ser and Estar III

18. Ser and Estar IV

19. Negation

20. Questions

21. Poss. Adjectives

22. Tener, venir

23. Tener que / Hay que

24. Exp. with “Tener”

25. Weather Expressions

26. The Personal “a”

27. Contractions

UNIT THREE

28. Stem-Changing Verbs: o:ue

29. Stem-Changing Verbs: e:ie

30. Stem-changing verbs: e:i

31. Estar, Ir, Dar

32. “Ir a” + infinitive

33. Acabar de

34. Volver a

35. Ordinal Numbers

36. Months, Seasons, and Dates

37. Comparisons of Inequality

38. Comparisons of Equality

39. Superlatives

UNIT FOUR

40. Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions

41. Dir. Object Pronouns I

42. Dir. Object Pronouns II

43. Dir. Object Pronouns III

44. Ind. Object Pronouns I

45. Ind. Object Pronouns II

46. Ind. Object Pronouns III

47. DO and IO Pronouns Together

48. Verbs Like Gustar

49. Present Progressive

50. Verbs with Irregular 1st Persons

UNIT FIVE

51. Saber vs Conocer / Pedir vs Preguntar

52. Numbers: 31-1000

53. Telling Time

54. Por and Para

55. Irreg. Comparatives

56. Demonstratives

57. Time Expressions With Hacer

58. Possessive Pronouns

59. Reflexive Verbs I

60. Reflexive Verbs II

61. Definite Article II

UNIT SIX

62. Pret. vs Imp. I

63. Preterite I

64. Imperfect I

65. Preterite II

66. Imperfect II

67. Pret. vs Imp. II

68. Preterite III

69. Imperfect III

70. Preterite IV

71. Preterite V

72. Preterite VI

73. Pret. vs Imp. III

74. Pret. vs Imp. Review

UNIT SEVEN

75. “Hace …” to mean “ago”

76. Formation of Adverbs

77. Subjunctive I: Introduction

78. Subjunctive II: Conjugating regular and stem-changing verbs

79. Subjunctive III: Verbs that change orthographically

80. Subjunctive IV: Irregular verbs

81. Subjunctive V: Desire

82. Subjunctive VI: Ignorance, doubt

83. Subjunctive VII: Impersonal Expressions

84. Subjunctive VIII: Actions not yet completed

UNIT EIGHT

85. Rel. Pronouns - que

86. Rel. Pronouns - quien

87. Rel. Pronouns - el que and lo que

88. Rel. Adjective - cuyo

89. Rel. Pronouns and Adjectives - Review

90. Formal Commands

91. Inform. Commands - tú

92. Irreg. Commands - tú

93. Using Object Pronouns with Commands

94. Commands Review I

95. Informal Commands - vosotros

96. 1st Person Commands - nosotros

97. Indirect Commands

98. Commands Review II

UNIT NINE

99. Future

100. Past Participle

101. Present Perfect

102. Past Perfect

103. Future Perfect

104. Conditional

I hope this helps! 

________________________________________________________________

Some other good websites:

121Spanish

PracticingSpanish

Rocket Languages

And if you plan to practice writing and don’t have a native speaker or proficient learner to help, here’s a Spanish editor!

Spanish Checker

[slytherinstudygreen]

Interesting Reviews for Week 11, 2018

Integration of objects and space in perception and memory. Connor, C. E., & Knierim, J. J. (2017). Nature Neuroscience, 20(11), 1493–1503.

A Factor Graph Description of Deep Temporal Active Inference. de Vries, B., & Friston, K. J. (2017). Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 11, 95.

The cognitive map in humans: spatial navigation and beyond. Epstein, R. A., Patai, E. Z., Julian, J. B., & Spiers, H. J. (2017). Nature Neuroscience, 20(11), 1504–1513.

Field repetition and local mapping in the hippocampus and the medial entorhinal cortex. Grieves, R. M., Duvelle, É., Wood, E. R., & Dudchenko, P. A. (2017). Journal of Neurophysiology, 118(4), 2378–2388.

Does Epileptiform Activity Represent a Failure of Neuromodulation to Control Central Pattern Generator-Like Neocortical Behavior? Traub, R. D., Whittington, M. A., & Hall, S. P. (2017). Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 11, 78.

[slytherinstudygreen]

I believe in free education, one that’s available to everyone; no matter their race, gender, age, wealth, etc… This masterpost was created for every knowledge hungry individual out there. I hope it will serve you well. Enjoy!

FREE ONLINE COURSES (here are listed websites that provide huge variety of courses)

Alison 

Coursera

FutureLearn

open2study

Khan Academy

edX

P2P U

Academic Earth

iversity

Stanford Online

MIT Open Courseware

Open Yale Courses

BBC Learning

OpenLearn

Carnegie Mellon University OLI

University of Reddit

Saylor

IDEAS, INSPIRATION & NEWS (websites which deliver educational content meant to entertain you and stimulate your brain)

TED

FORA

Big Think 

99u

BBC Future

Seriously Amazing

How Stuff Works

Discovery News

National Geographic

Science News

Popular Science

IFLScience

YouTube Edu

NewScientist

DIY & HOW-TO’S (Don’t know how to do that? Want to learn how to do it yourself? Here are some great websites.)

wikiHow

Wonder How To

instructables

eHow

Howcast

MAKE

Do it yourself

FREE TEXTBOOKS & E-BOOKS

OpenStax CNX

Open Textbooks

Bookboon

Textbook Revolution

E-books Directory

FullBooks

Books Should Be Free

Classic Reader

Read Print

Project Gutenberg

AudioBooks For Free

LibriVox

Poem Hunter

Bartleby

MIT Classics

Many Books

Open Textbooks BCcampus

Open Textbook Library

WikiBooks

SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES & JOURNALS

Directory of Open Access Journals

Scitable

PLOS

Wiley Open Access

Springer Open

Oxford Open

Elsevier Open Access

ArXiv

Open Access Library

LEARN:

1. LANGUAGES

Duolingo

BBC Languages

Learn A Language

101languages

Memrise

Livemocha

Foreign Services Institute

My Languages

Surface Languages

Lingualia

OmniGlot

OpenCulture’s Language links

2. COMPUTER SCIENCE & PROGRAMMING

Codecademy

Programmr

GA Dash

CodeHS

w3schools

Code Avengers

Codelearn

The Code Player

Code School

Code.org

Programming Motherf*?$%#

Bento

Bucky’s room

WiBit

Learn Code the Hard Way

Mozilla Developer Network

Microsoft Virtual Academy

3. YOGA & MEDITATION

Learning Yoga

Learn Meditation

Yome

Free Meditation

Online Meditation

Do Yoga With Me

Yoga Learning Center

4. PHOTOGRAPHY & FILMMAKING

Exposure Guide

The Bastards Book of Photography

Cambridge in Color

Best Photo Lessons

Photography Course

Production Now

nyvs

Learn About Film

Film School Online

5. DRAWING & PAINTING

Enliighten

Ctrl+Paint

ArtGraphica

Google Cultural Institute

Drawspace

DragoArt

WetCanvas

6. INSTRUMENTS & MUSIC THEORY

Music Theory

Teoria

Music Theory Videos

Furmanczyk Academy of Music

Dave Conservatoire

Petrucci Music Library

Justin Guitar

Guitar Lessons

Piano Lessons

Zebra Keys

Play Bass Now

7. OTHER UNCATEGORIZED SKILLS

Investopedia

The Chess Website

Chesscademy

Chess.com

Spreeder

ReadSpeeder

First Aid for Free

First Aid Web

NHS Choices

Wolfram Demonstrations Project

Please feel free to add more learning focused websites. 

*There are a lot more learning websites out there, but I picked the ones that are, as far as I’m aware, completely free and in my opinion the best/ most useful.

[slytherinstudygreen]

Psychology Book Recommendations

Foundational Authors & Works

Carl Rogers, On Becoming a Person

B. F. Skinner,  Beyond Freedom and Dignity and About Behaviorism and Walden Two

Viktor Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning

Sigmund Freud, Civilization and its Discontents

John Norcross (editor), Evidence-Based Practices in Mental Health

Psychopathology & Diagnosis 

David Barlow (editor), Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders

Oliver Saks, Hallucinations

Kelly Lambert, Clinical Neuroscience

Criticisms & Controversial Topics

Stephen Hinshaw, The ADHD Explosion

Robert Whitaker, Mad in America and Anatomy of an Epidemic

Ronald Miller, Not So Abnormal Psychology

Allen Frances, Saving Normal

Bruce Wampold, The Great Psychotherapy Debate

Therapy Theories 

Carl Rogers, Client-Centered Therapy

Irvin Yalom, The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy

Aaron Beck, Cognitive Therapy of Depression

Steven Hayes, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Judith Beck, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Danny Wedding, Current Psychotherapies

William Miller, Motivational Interviewing

Jacqueline Person, Cognitive Therapy in Practice

Evidence-Based Therapy Manuals 

Marsha Linehan, DBT Skills Training Manual and Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder

Michelle Craske, Mastery of Your Anxiety and Panic

David Burns, Feeling Good

Richard Zinbarg, Mastery of Your Anxiety and Worry

Martha Davis, The Relaxation and Stress Reduction Workbook

Lisa Najavitis, Seeking Safety

Expert Therapist Perspectives

Irvin Yalom, The Gift of Therapy and Love’s Executioner

First Person Perspectives

Kay Jamison, An Unquiet Mind

Elyn Saks, The Center Cannot Hold

William Styron, Darkness Visible

Carolyn Spiro and Pamela Spiro Wagner, Divided Minds

Research Design & Analysis

Alan Kazdin, Research Design in Clinical Psychology and Single-Case Research Designs

John Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design

Culture & Diversity

Derald Wing Sue, Counseling the Culturally Diverse and Case Studies in Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

Stigma

Stephen Hinshaw, Breaking the Silence and  The Mark of Shame

Grad School and Careers in Psychology

Peggy Hawley, Being Bright is Not Enough

Adam Ruben, Surviving Your Stupid, Stupid Decision to Go to Grad School

Peter Feibelman, A PhD is Not Enough

Paul Silva, How to Write A Lot

Karen Kelsky, The Professor Is In 

[slytherinstudygreen]

26.10.17| Cause you gotta put in work, work, work, work📚 And also a little motivation🍹

[slytherinstudygreen]

Wolves Understand Cause and Effect Better Than Dogs

A good example of the connection between cause and effect, is that an object which contains food produces noise when shaken. The study of an international research team at the Wolf Science Center of the Vetmeduni Vienna shows how animals deal with these rules of the physical world. Based on where dogs and wolves searched for food after receiving some hints about its location, they showed that our domesticated, four-legged companions cannot make the connection between cause and effect, but wolves can. These results indicate that domestication has changed the dogs’ cognitive abilities.

The research is in Scientific Reports. (full open access)