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POEM 5

MARENG MENSIYA

The story exhibits sociological criticism by portraying the struggles of individuals like Mareng Mensiya in lower socioeconomic classes, shedding light on the consequences of economic challenges and societal inequalities. The narrative highlights the societal neglect of familial responsibilities and emphasizes the impact of systemic issues on personal lives. The shift in the narrator's attitude towards Mareng Mensiya reflects broader societal values and judgments, providing a critical examination of how these dynamics contribute to the hardships faced by marginalized individuals..

Feminist Criticism focuses on gender roles and women's experiences in a patriarchal society. By examining Mareng Mensiya's dependence on her husband and struggles as a laundrywoman, it explores the challenges women face. The narrative also delves into mother-daughter relationships, revealing societal expectations and the limited choices for women. This perspective sheds light on the exploitation of women, exposing unequal power dynamics and the consequences of self-centered choices, as seen in Mely's actions.

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POEM 4

ON THE DEATH OF A NEWSPAPER DELIVERY BOY by Lamberto E. Antonio

Marxist: The poem reveals the harsh realities and economic struggles experienced by the working class. The young newspaper delivery boy's untimely death symbolizes the exploitation and disregard for human life within a profit-driven system, highlighting the disposable nature of labor.

Sociological Criticism: The poem critiques societal indifference by portraying the newsboy's death as a commentary on routine and societal norms. The habitual readers, unfazed by the tragedy, represent a society that continues its everyday routines despite the human cost. It prompts reflection on societal values and the dehumanizing impact of a culture that prioritizes daily habits over empathy.

The line "So young and innocent when he went" symbolizes the newsboy's youth and purity. It shows how his life was cut short, highlighting the sadness of losing someone so young and full of potential. This line emphasizes the abrupt change from innocence to a harsh reality, making us feel the impact of the newsboy's untimely death.

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POEM 3

NIGHT OF ACONSTRUCTION WORKER by Lamberto E. Antonio

Psychoanalytic Literary Criticism: Could be applied to analyze the psychological aspects of the construction worker's experience. The poem might be seen as a representation of repressed desires, the subconscious impact of labor on the worker's psyche, or a manifestation of inner conflicts related to societal expectations and personal sacrifice.

The Marxist is seen in the poem through its emphasis on labor depiction, highlighting the struggles of the working class and their sacrifices for economic survival. The verses serve as a commentary on the exploitation of laborers, revealing the inherent inequalities ingrained in their societal position.

"Moments like these when neon lights shred the dark," represents the harsh reality of labor and the challenges faced by workers. The neon lights cutting through the darkness symbolize the fleeting moments of relief or recognition amid the difficult conditions, highlighting the contrast between the struggles of laborers and the temporary respite provided by such moments. This symbolizes the precarious nature of the labor environment and the occasional glimpses of hope that punctuate the harsh reality.

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POEM 2

Force of Circumstance by Jose F. Lacaba

The poem exhibits Marxist criticism as seen in the reference to the son of a congressman and his gang, highlighting societal inequalities and power abuse. The contrast between the affluent son and Maritess suggests economic disparities and victimization.

In terms of feminist criticism, the poem portrays the mistreatment of Maritess by male gang members, emphasizing gender-based violence and the objectification of women. The mention of her transformation into resembling Susan Roces or Bella Flores may signify societal expectations imposed on women and the restrictive roles assigned to them.

The symbolism in the poem is seen in actions like "ripped off expensive pantsuit," representing a violation of societal norms and the mistreatment of Maritess. This reflects a larger issue of power imbalances in society.

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POEM 1

What must be believed in by Jose F. Lacaba

Reader-Response Criticism focuses on how readers' personal experiences and beliefs shape their understanding of a poem. In this case, people may interpret the grandmother's stories and supernatural encounters in different ways based on their own backgrounds.

Literary Theory Metaphorical: The grandmother's tales and encounters with mythical creatures might represent life's challenges and fears. These supernatural figures could symbolize existential or societal threats we all face.

The symbolism in the poem lies in elements like "Latin incantations, stakes, and crucifixes." These represent traditional tools against supernatural threats, showing a clash between ancient beliefs and modern skepticism in the protagonist's education.

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Unraveling the Layers: An Analysis of 'Minsan May Isang Puta' by Mike Portes

Mike Portes, a talented individual, is recognized for her roles as an author, public servant, and former overseas Filipino worker. With a diverse background that includes work as a flight attendant and studies at De La Salle University and the University of the Philippines Manila, Mike is not only a successful author but also proficient in web and graphic design.

The story "Minsan may isang Puta" seems to center around a mother sharing her challenges with her children. However, it turns out that Mike Portes is using this narrative to symbolize the state of the Philippines. The conflicts among the children mirror the societal issues and divisions within the country. The reference to material wealth and titles reflects the complex socio-political landscape where disparities exist. As a significant event approaches, the plea for remembrance and protection may symbolize a desire for unity and care for the nation amidst potential challenges. It's a poignant reflection on the multifaceted challenges faced by the Philippines, skillfully woven into a personal narrative.

The purpose of this story by Mike Portes is to offer a nuanced and symbolic reflection on the complexities of Filipino life, society, and history. Through the use of metaphors, literary techniques, and personal narratives, the author aims to convey the challenges faced by the Philippines, such as economic disparities, societal divisions, and the desire for unity and care for the nation.

Mike Portes skillfully uses different literary techniques and themes to tell a story that reflects the complexities of Filipino life. The metaphor "nabunutan ng tinik" repeats as a symbol, representing widespread uncertainty and mistrust in the speaker's life. Similarly, the metaphor "lubog kami sa utang" appears throughout, skillfully depicting financial struggles in Filipino society.

The irony in the statement "mismong mga anak ko, ang tuluyang sisira sa akin", making us think about life's unexpected turns. Looking at the bigger picture, the story becomes a small version of the Philippines' challenges, connecting personal experiences to the nation's history, even mentioning foreign colonization.

In summary, Mike Portes tells a story that reflects various aspects of Filipino culture and history using metaphors and societal themes. The narrative acts like a mirror, showing the complexities of the Philippines' social and political landscape. It explores internal struggles, chasing material wealth, and the need for unity and compassion in the nation. The mother metaphor adds an emotional touch, emphasizing a deep connection and concern for the country's well-being.

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The Positive Impact of Pageantry: Empowering Women, Redefining Beauty Standards

Beauty pageants serve as a powerful means for the empowerment of women, It offers a stage to showcase not only their physical beauty but also their intelligence, talent, and charisma. Miss Universe is just one pageantry that empowers women Miss Universe aims to bring together women from different backgrounds, it promotes unity and inclusivity. Miss Universe contestants often become influential figures and advocates for various social causes.

The platform encourages them to use their visibility to address issues such as education, health, and women's rights on an international scale. This not only raises awareness but also contributes to the empowerment of women by emphasizing their ability to make a positive impact on a broader stage. According to Miss England finalist Melisa Raouf, beauty pageants aren’t about looking ‘pretty’ or ‘attractive’ anymore; they are about being yourself and taking pride in yourself. “The feedback I’ve received is incredible,” she adds. “The fact that so many young girls and women have felt empowered by what I’ve done means the world to me." It shows a positive evolution in beauty pageants emphasizing self expression over traditional notions of attractiveness.

Miss Universe empowers women by accepting them regardless of their background, including marital status. Camila Avella, expressing her excitement in an interview, said, "I feel very excited because I finally achieved my childhood dream to qualify for the Miss Universe pageant." Her words emphasize that Miss Universe has empowered her, showcasing the pageant's commitment to breaking barriers and enabling women to fulfill their dreams irrespective of societal expectations.

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Analyzing Maya Angelou's Poem 'Equality': Resilience, Imagery, and the Ongoing Struggle for Freedom

The poem emphasizes the theme of equality as a central message, likely representing an individual's ongoing struggle for equal rights. It also conveys resilience and empowerment, with the speaker boldly moving forward despite discrimination. The verses reference a painful history of discrimination, emphasizing accusations of improper behavior and feeling like shadows. Overall, these lines serve as a powerful reminder of the ongoing fight for equality and the resilience of those seeking their rights.

The text employs various literary devices to convey its message effectively. Imagery is skillfully used through phrases like "glass which will not shine" and "shadow," creating vivid mental pictures that underscore the challenge of achieving clarity and acknowledgment in the pursuit of equality. Furthermore, the recurring metaphor of "drums and rhythms" serves as a symbol for the relentless nature of the struggle for equality. The unwavering rhythms represent the resolute commitment to this cause. Additionally, the repetition of the lines "Equality, and I will be free" acts as a compelling refrain, reinforcing the core message and aspiration of the poem, emphasizing the importance of equality in the quest for freedom.

This poem conveys a message about the importance of equality and understanding the experiences of those who have faced discrimination. It emphasizes the idea that true freedom is achieved when everyone is treated equally and calls for empathy and awareness. The struggle for equality continues until it's fully realized.

In summary, the poem strongly talks about the ongoing fight for equal rights, highlighting challenges and the importance of resilience. It cleverly uses vivid language and repetition to drive home the message that true freedom comes with equality. The poem serves as a reminder of the ongoing struggle for equal rights and the unity needed to achieve genuine freedom.

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Israel-Palestine Conflict

The surprising attack by Hamas on Israel, happened on October 7, has caught the intention of the world. During this offensive, Hamas combatants utilized paragliders to breach Israeli territory and used bulldozers to create openings in protective fences. Tragically, this operation resulted in the loss of more than 1,000 lives and the capture of around 100 hostages.

This event occurred in the context of escalating violence between the Palestine and Israel. On the same day, October 7, Hamas launched a massive barrage of at least 5,000 rockets from Gaza aimed at Israel. This attack led to the death of approximately 1,400 Israelis, with many Israeli civilians, including women and children, being taken hostage in the Gaza Strip.

In response, Israel launched retaliatory strikes and officially declared war on Hamas a day later. As of October 15, the conflict had taken a heavy toll on Palestinians, with around 2,700 Palestinian casualties and million of peoples internally displaced. Israel's decision to cut off vital supplies, such as food, water, electricity, and fuel to Gaza, has exacerbated the already dire humanitarian crisis in the region.

Additionally, there have been conflicting directives from both sides. Israel urged the residents of Northern Gaza to evacuate the area, while Hamas advised them to remain in place, further complicating the situation.

The conflict in Israel and Palestine goes way back and involves Jews, Christians, and Muslims who all care about the land and the city of Jerusalem. In the 1900s, the conflict escalated because of things like British control (British Mandate), a declaration supporting a Jewish homeland (Balfour Declaration), a lot of Jewish immigrants, and a plan to split the land into Jewish and Arab states (UN Partition Plan).

In 1948, Israel was officially created, and this led to a big war with Arab countries, causing a lot of Palestinians to suffer. Over the years, there were many wars and uprisings, like the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War, which continue to cause problems and suffering.

The conflict isn't just about politics. it's deeply tied to history and religion. Understanding the history helps us see how important it is in world affairs. We need to work for peace because people are still suffering.

References:

•https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/israeli-palestinian-conflict

•https://www.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/al-aqsa-storm-militants-infiltrate-israel-after-gaza-rockets-10-07-intl-hnk/index.html

•https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/17/israel-hamas-war-reason-explained-gaza