fiftyohm

[fiftyohm]

Two Founding Fathers: GW in 1776 and SYS in 1911, Two Very Different Outcomes

Preface

When pursuing an advanced degree at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, I visited surrounding places such as Lake George, Montreal, Boston, Valley Forge, Washington Crossing, Yardley, Brandywine, Trenton, Princeton, New York, etc..  At the time, I did not know these places were battle fields during the American Revolutionary period (in 1776 Continental Congress issued Declaration of Independence).

The establishment of the US republic has also inspired the French revolution (1789). Under common threats from British, these two political entities (America and French) at least mutually influenced and benefited each other. As a result, a new country USA was born. More than hundred years later, both America and French provided inspiration (By the people, for the people, and of the people; Blue, White, and Red for both countries’ flags) to a new Chinese republic, and ROC was formed in 1911.

The leaders of these two republics are listed here, both considered as the father of their countries, 

George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799), Father of the USA (1776) overthrew imperial Britain.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925), Father of ROC (1911), overthrew imperial China.

However, ROC died prematurely, and was taken over by Red China (PRC).  The young America becomes the world most powerful nation. The two leaders each overthrew their old imperial system (Qing dynasty, and mighty British), but the results cannot be more different.  

There are a few reasons why ROC did not last long, for example, the mainland China was a large country, too large to change for Dr. Sun, while, the thirteen state colony is relative easy to change. There are some other reasons why the outcomes are so drastically different. Being a political leader, SYS offered governing principles based on Three People’s Principles (nationalism, democracy, and the livelihood of the people). The principles became at best a propaganda tool, besides, they had never been practiced; lack of financial resources (the country is too big, no western, or the Russian is able to cover the need of the entire country; other reasons may be geopolitical: a near-by communist country, Soviet Union, was eagerly trying to expand their Communist ideology.

Here in this article we concentrate first on American Revolutionary: 1.) Important battles occurred in the colony (North of Virginia) that led to establishment of the new republic, 2.) George Washington – who he is and his unique character that earned him respect from American people (be recognized as the father of the new republic), and finally, 3.) The French connection, another important factor that explains how the USA quickly severed tie with British, and was recognized by the major powers.

Lastly, the discussion focuses on comparison, offers explanations why the outcomes are so much different: 1.) Type of leadership: Military leader (successes in military, then led Constitutional Convention) vs Political leader (SYS who valued nationalism, also has to rely on military leaders’ support); 2.) Approach to define the campaign for a new nation; 3.) difference in financing schemes; and most importantly, 4.) that ROC had a bad neighbor who was eager to expand their Marxism ideology. 

1 Key battles in American Revolutionary War against British

Three important battles are mentioned, as follows here:

1 Battle at Fort Ticonderoga in May, 1775 allows siege of Boston to be ended in 1776.  Henry Knox’s surprising transport artillery to Dorchester Heights overlooking Boston. British general William Howe realized that his troops could not defend the town (Boston), and soon decided to leave.

2 Batter of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775 proved they could hold their own against the superior British Army. Washington took command of the Colonist army just two days earlier (June 15, 1775).

3 Battles of Trenton and Princeton during the final days of 1776 and early days of 1777 are known as the first successes won by the Revolutionary general George Washington in the open field, which restored American morale and renewed confidence in Washington.

More details on each battle is detailed in the following paragraphs.

1.1 May 10, 1775, Fort Ticonderoga

New York | May 10, 1775. The capture of Fort Ticonderoga was the first offensive victory for American forces in the Revolutionary War. It secured the strategic passageway north to Canada and netted the patriots an important cache of artillery.

Fort Ticonderoga's capture marks the first American victory in the war, valuable not only for its strategic significance, but the artillery it contained was vital to breaking the siege of Boston in 1776.

In 1775, Colonel Henry Knox led a complex operation to transport 59 cannon and other weaponry from Fort Ticonderoga in New York to Boston, Massachusetts.

Knox's plan involved dismantling the cannons, transporting them by boat and ox cart to Lake George, and then hauling them the rest of the way by sledge and oxen. Knox arrived at Fort Ticonderoga in December 1775 and began disassembling the guns. He built 40 special sleds and gathered 80 yoke of oxen to pull them. The cannon were loaded onto flat-bottomed boats and transported down Lake George before the lake froze over. The remaining journey was made over rough trails by sledge and oxen.

The cannons were used to fortify Dorchester Heights and break the standoff at the siege of Boston. The capture of Boston, also known as the Siege of Boston, was significant in the American Revolution because it marked a major early victory for the colonists, demonstrating their ability to sustain a military campaign against the British, boosted American morale, established George Washington as a respected military leader, and solidified Boston as a vital center for the patriot movement, effectively removing British control from the city throughout the war; this all contributed to the growing confidence of the colonists in their cause for independence. Knox and his men arrived outside Boston on January 25, 1776. 

1.2 June 17, 1775, Battle of Bunker Hill

The American patriots were defeated at the Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775), but they proved they could hold their own against the mighty British Army (also strong Navy power from Canada). The fierce fight confirmed that any reconciliation between England and her American colonies was no longer possible.

During the Battle of Bunker Hill, Knox demonstrated his ability to command artillery, firing cannons at the British troops. After the battle, Knox was tasked by General George Washington to bring cannons captured from Fort Ticonderoga to Boston (Dorchester Heights or Cambridge, December 1775), a crucial move that helped turn the tide of the siege. He was finally able to report the arrival of the weapons train to Washington on January 27, 1776.

1.3 December 25, 1776 Washington Crossing, and Battles of Trenton and Princeton

Washington crossed Delaware River December 25, 1776, 6 PM. The site is 9 miles from Trenton. The British were not prepared for the attack on Christmas Day, 1776 because they didn't expect an attack in the winter and underestimated the American threat. The battles at Trenton and later at Princeton were known as first successes for Americans, which restored confidence in Washington’s leadership.

The Hessians, who were stationed in Trenton, felt confident that the Patriots were farmers, not professional soldiers. The Hessians didn't fortify Trenton, even though they were warned of an impending attack. The crossing took place during a severe winter storm of sleet and snow. The Hessian troops were exhausted from constant perimeter attacks by the Hunterdon Militia and the Pennsylvania Militia. 

A series of false alarms and the storm led the Hessians to believe an attack was unlikely. On Christmas Day, George Washington led a surprise attack on Trenton. The Americans quickly overwhelmed the Hessians, capturing nearly 1,000 men at the cost of only four American lives.

The battles occurred over a span of nine days (December 26, 1776–January 3, 1777) and are notable as the first successes won by the Revolutionary general George Washington in the open field. The victories restored American morale and renewed confidence in Washington’s leadership. Nathanael Greene commanded part of Washington's army in the December 1776 Battle of Trenton and the January 1777 Battle of Princeton, both of which were victories for the Continental Army. Henry Knox was in charge of logistics in the critical crossing of the Delaware River that preceded the December 26, 1776 Battle of Trenton.

2 George Washington, the person

George Washington became the commander of the Continental Army (the colonist army) on June 15, 1775 when he was appointed by the Second Continental Congress. During the early revolutionary war against the British, he was criticized being indecisive at the beginning, but by learning on experience, he grew the leadership and gained respect gradually. Battles of Trenton and Princeton were probably the lowest points in his career.

His success may be due to the following factors:

Participated Militarily: With military background, grew leadership based on military experience from real past battles.

A few good people around him: Greene, Knox, Jefferson (Declaration of Independence), and Ben Franklin (diplomat at France).

Help from French: Obtained military, financial, diplomatic help from French, see below French Connection.

Public perception: His character, integrity, and dignified demeanor were highly respected by the American people, contributing to his revered status.

Demonstrated democratic values: George Washington advocated for the title "Mr. President" for the nation's chief executive because he believed it was more democratic than other proposed titles, such as "His Excellency" or "His Highness". The Constitution prohibits titles of nobility. He served only two terms (only Roosevelt’s 4 terms, but during the war times).  

A unifier: People with opposite minds can work together. In George Washington's cabinet, the opposing figure to Thomas Jefferson was Alexander Hamilton; while Washington aimed to unify the nation, his cabinet included Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, and Hamilton, a Federalist, who held significantly different political views, particularly on the role of the federal government and economic policy. Jefferson favored a weaker central government and prioritized agrarian interests, while Hamilton advocated for a strong federal government and economic development. Jefferson served as the Secretary of State, while Hamilton was the Secretary of the Treasury.

Key points about why Washington deserves the title "Father of his Country":

I) Presidency: As the first President, Washington set important precedents for the office, including the peaceful transfer of power after serving two terms.  

II) Presided over Constitutional Convention: Washington presided over the Constitutional Convention where the U.S. Constitution was drafted. Delegates unanimously elected Washington as president of the Constitutional convention on May 14, 1787. George Washington did not personally "propose" the Constitutional Convention, but he was a strong advocate for revising the Articles of Confederation and played a crucial role in pushing for the convention to happen, ultimately being elected to preside over it as its president; effectively making him a key figure in the convention's formation and success.

III) Military Leadership Achievements: He led the Continental Army to victory against Great Britain in the Revolutionary War, which was crucial in establishing American independence.  In 1976 he was promoted posthumously by Congress to the rank of "General of the Armies," making him the highest ranking officer in the United States military history.

3 French Connection, in addition to Military help

French and British were two largest powers in the colonial America. The French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years' War. The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763.  With the two being at war with each other, it is no wonder that French helped the America against the British during the American revolutionary period.

France helped the American colonists gain independence through a variety of means, including:

Military support: France provided the Continental Army with troops, naval support, arms, ammunition, uniforms, and supplies. The French navy played a key role in the British surrender at Yorktown, which effectively ended the war. 

Financial support: France provided the colonists with about 1.3 billion livres of money and goods. 

Diplomatic support: France's support for the colonists was motivated by a desire to weaken its rival, Great Britain. France also welcomed the Declaration of Independence and Benjamin Franklin, who became America's first foreign ambassador in Paris. 

Individual volunteers: French citizens like the Marquis de Lafayette, Pierre Charles L'Enfant, and others joined the American army. Lafayette became a major general in Washington's command and became a fast friend of Washington. L'Enfant later went on to design Washington, DC. 

Treaty of Amity and Commerce: This treaty promoted trade between the United States and France and recognized the United States as an independent nation. Signed in Paris on February 6, 1778, this treaty recognized the United States as an independent nation and promoted trade between the two countries. It was one of the first treaties negotiated by the United States, and was signed alongside the Treaty of Alliance, which created a military alliance against Great Britain. The two treaties, along with a secret clause allowing other European nations to join, are sometimes known as the Franco-American Alliance.

More Evidences of more America-French Connections

During the America revolutionary period, French indeed help gain independence from the British. The connections last longer even 10 years (French Revolution), or even 100 years (Statue of Liberty) after the period.

French Revolution

It is widely accepted that American Revolutionary might have influenced French’s Revolution in 1789, as the success of the American colonists in overthrowing British rule inspired French citizens to believe that similar change was possible against their own oppressive monarchy, and the ideas of liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty espoused by the American revolutionaries were readily adopted by French revolutionaries.

Statue of Liberty

A gift from the French people commemorating the alliance of France and the United States during the American Revolution. It was dedicated on October 28, 1886.

4 Two Very Different Outcomes

With internal (for example, Greene, Knox) and external (i.e., France) help, Washington was able to establish a new republic in the original 13 colony states, and later turned it into a world power. On the contrary, Dr. SYS has to oppose a large empire, the republic he established (ROC) did not last long after replacing the previous regime, i.e., the Qing dynasty. Instead, it was driven out of the mainland, and re-settled in a small island, Taiwan. The much reduced government is still called ROC (but the territory it governs had reduced drastically).

The outcomes are so much different. Let’s compare the two revolutions 1776 by GW and 1911 by Dr. SYS, and the comparison may provide reasons why the drastic differences.

4.1 A military leader vs A Political one

These two leaders came from very different background: Dr. Sun was trained as a medical doctor, while GW was trained as a military officer.  Sun is a political/spiritual leader without hands-on military experience. Sun relied on a few Southern warlords at the time, one of them is Chiang Kai-Shek, who rescued Sun when a Southern warlord revolted against Sun.

Huang Xing (黃興) or Huang Hsing was a Chinese revolutionary leader and politician, and the first commander-in-chief of the Republic of China. As one of the founders of the Kuomintang and the Republic of China, his position was second only to Sun Yat-sen. Together they were known as Sun-Huang during the Xinhai (辛亥) Revolution. Huang Xing was a key figure in the revolutionary movement alongside Sun Yat-sen, and his death significantly weakened the revolutionary forces during a crucial period of the uprising against the Qing Dynasty; his military leadership and organizational skills were greatly missed.

Although Charles Lee was generally acknowledged at the Second Continental Army to be the most capable candidate for the command of the Continental Army, the role was given to George Washington. Lee recognized the sense of giving the position to a native-born North American, but expected to be given the role of second-in-command. He was disappointed when that role went to Artemas Ward, whom Lee considered too inexperienced for the job.

As a political leader, Sun’s power often is often dependent of the military leaders who are loyal to him. Unfortunately, there may military personalities, warlords, which complicated Dr. Sun’s work. GW, even his second-in-command had some complaints under GW, GW’s will can generally implemented without difficulty.

4.2 Three People’s Principles vs Constitutional Convention (including Declaration of Independence)

SYS promoted Three People’s Principles (nationalism, democracy, and the livelihood of the people). In which Nationalism targeted specifically the Qing dynasty, which made of different race than the Han majority. Uniform Race (nationalism) maybe not a generally accepted pre-condition for a nation. Nationalism can be often misused. For example, PRC later used Nationalism as main reason to re-unite Taiwan (ROC).

GW was assigned by the Continental Congress as the military leader. After success in gaining the independence from the British, he presided over Constitutional Convention to plot the future of the newly form country 1787. Before that, Declaration of Independence announced, debated, and formally announced/approved on July 4, 1776.

That is, the purpose of a nation was debated by the Continental Congress, while Sun’s ideal (purpose) of a nation is too specific/narrow (nationalism), not based on general principles of nation governing.

4.3 Difference in Financing the Wars

It takes financial power to wage war against a political entity. It appeared that the colony is full of resources, people talents and financial power.

Here we list just a few who directly, indirectly, actively, passively assisted the colony against the British.

Benjamin Franklin

Publisher, statesman, entrepreneur, inventor, land speculator. By his early 40s, he was one of the wealthiest Americans. Franklin was on a diplomatic mission in France in 1777, negotiating military and financial support for the war, when the British captured Philadelphia [4].

George Washington

GW accumulated vast acreage—more than 50,000 acres by his death—by shrewd speculation in frontier land he surveyed. He declined a salary, asking only to be reimbursed for his expenses.

John Hancock

Hancock led protests against British taxation and organized boycotts of British goods. After the Boston Tea Party, he shipped all the tea in his warehouses back to England, at his own expense.  Hancock, who employed hundreds, grew in popularity as he supported the town’s poor, bankrolled the nascent independence movement and spent at least £100,000 outfitting an artillery company.

Robert Morris

With no banks in the British colonies, Continental currency had no backing and had become virtually worthless. After Congress asked Morris to become superintendent of finance, he immediately set up the first Bank of the United States.

While Sun Yat-sen didn't have a single dedicated "banker" to finance his revolution against the Qing Dynasty, he primarily relied on financial support from overseas Chinese communities, particularly in Southeast Asia, through networks like the "Heaven and Earth Society" (Tiandihui), as well as gaining backing from influential Japanese individuals who provided both political and financial assistance; notably, Miyazaki Torazō played a key role in connecting Sun with Japanese supporters.

Overseas Chinese communities:

Sun heavily relied on donations from Chinese living abroad, who were often members of secret societies like the Tiandihui (天地會), which provided crucial funding for his revolutionary activities. 

Japanese support:

Japanese figures like Miyazaki Torazō (宮崎滔天) facilitated connections with influential Japanese politicians who contributed financially to Sun's cause. 

Soviet’s support:

Soviet Union provided financial assistance to Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang Party (KMT): 

Whampoa Military Academy headed by CKS

The Soviet Union provided funds to help Sun reorganize the KMT and its army. Sun also established the Whampoa Military Academy with Chiang Kai-shek as the superintendent, 1924.

Sun-Joffe Manifesto 1923

The Soviet Union pledged military and political aid to the KMT in exchange for Sun's agreement to certain terms. These included recognizing Soviet rights to the Chinese Eastern Railway and allowing a continued Russian presence in Outer Mongolia.

The Soviet Union's support of Sun Yat-sen was part of its commitment to helping revolutionary parties in other countries. The Soviets believed that a bourgeois democratic revolution in China would weaken the capitalist system and destroy Western imperialism.

4.4 Geopolitics: America had helpful French, ROC had Russia, a Bad Neighbor

GW had helpful French; Soviet Russia supported ROC (Sun) initially, but later the Soviet favored CCP, which later formed PRC. As a result, ROC was ousted from the mainland, and turned the whole China into a Red country.

French help due to British and French animosity

During the American Revolutionary War, France actively supported the American colonists against Great Britain because of a long-standing animosity between the two European powers, essentially seeing the American rebellion as an opportunity to weaken their rival, Britain, by aiding the colonists with troops, supplies, and naval support; this alliance proved crucial to the American victory. AI

Soviet helped SYS establish Whampoa Military Academy (CKS), then turned to assist PRC to oust ROC

1923 era Soviet and ROC

As mentioned, the Soviet Union's support of Sun Yat-sen (established Whampoa Military Academy, see 1923 in the last Section) was part of its commitment to helping revolutionary parties in other countries. The Soviets believed that a bourgeois democratic revolution in China would weaken the capitalist system and destroy Western imperialism.

1945 – 1949 Soviet and PRC

Soviet Russian, after WWII (1945), turned their helping hands to CCP (later established PRC). The Soviet gave the weapon the Soviet obtained from Japan and Germany to CCP. The transfer according many Sino-Soviet studies has greatly enhanced the CCP military capability, and led to eventual success ousting ROC from the mainland.

Concluding Remarks

GW and SYS were both founding fathers. GW was a military leader, who later turned a statesman (widely respected leader). The country he created not only lives well today, but also becomes a major world power. SYS was a medical doctor, who turned a political leader (respected, but not widely by his people). The country he created disappeared from the mainland in 1949.

Due to successes in military, GW became the first president of the independent country USA. With the spirit disclosed (We the people) in Declaration of Independence, fully debated Constitution framework under his watch, and French’s help, GW’s country eventually became a world power. Dr. SYS proposed Three People’s Principles, in which Nationalism (民族主義) aimed to take the country back from the Manchurian’s (满清) rule, and to establish a country dominated by Han (漢) people under Five Power Constitution (五權憲法). SYS’s political framework, a combination of the Western democracy thoughts and Chinese traditions, had never gone through rigorous debating; and up to now (2024), had never been truthfully and smoothly implemented. Moreover, SYS’s Nationalism, as a mean to construct a new nation based on Han majority, is fundamentally difficult to implement in a multi-ethnic country, and peace-loving world. Today’s Nationalism, such as PRC’s中華民族偉大復興  (The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation) places preference for one group over the other, can easily leads to political disaster like Nazi’s in the past.

However, it is the geopolitics (壊鄰居，共産思潮) that heavily determined the outcomes of these two republics. America was lucky, they had help from French (both America and French faced a common opponent, which made it easier to be friendly with each other). ROC failed because its neighbor Soviet Union helped PRC (ROC’s political opponent; both PRC and Soviet are Marxism believers) and kicked ROC out of the mainland.   

References

[1] George Washington on Wikipedia

[2] Bart McDowell, The Revolutionary War, National Geographic Society, 1967

[3] David McCullough, 1776, Simon and Schuster, 2005

[4] History.com

11/23/2024

[fiftyohm]

欄桿上的霜

欄桿上的霜

在晨曦的呵護下

慢慢地消失

12/30/2023

[fiftyohm]

回顧初中時學到的民國歌曲

-- 西方音樂内化成功的例子

《憶兒時》 李叔同 詞

春去秋來，歲月如流，遊子傷飄泊。 回憶兒時，家居嬉戲，光景宛如昨。 茅屋三椽，老梅一樹，樹底迷藏捉。 高枝啼嗚，小川游魚，曾把閑情託。 兒時歡樂，斯樂不可作。 兒時歡樂，斯樂不可作。

《送别》 李叔同 詞

長亭外，古道邊，芳草碧連天 晚風拂柳笛聲殘，夕陽山外山 天之涯，地之角，知交半零落 一瓢濁酒盡餘歡，今宵別夢寒

李叔同 (1880 - 1942) 膾炙人口的歌曲 《憶兒時》 和 《送别》，因為很多台灣歌星翻唱，文字是熟悉的近體中文，旋律也很有古味，我們四年級生將之列為民國時期（包含在台灣族群融合時期）的歌曲。然這两首曲子的原作曲者居然都是美國人。

首先，《憶兒時》之原作為 “My Dear Old Sunny Home” 作者為 William Shakespeare Hays (July 19, 1837 – July 23, 1907), who was an American poet and lyricist.  《送别》 原曲為 “Dreaming of Home and Mother” an 1868 song by John P. Ordway, an American medical doctor and composer.

上面是李叔同大師（經由日本）内化美國民謠成功的例子。另外，更有内化古典西洋交響樂（布拉姆斯， 德弗乍克）的。《遊子吟》 和 《念故鄉》 & 《老大徒傷悲》（後两者為同一旋律，不同歌詞）用道地唐宋古文（孟郊）和優美的近體中文（李抱忱，韋瀚章）將西洋古典音樂旋律成功地，不鑿痕跡地内化了。

《遊子吟》 孟郊 (西元 751年 ~ 814年）詞

慈母手中線，遊子身上衣。

臨行密密縫，意恐遲遲歸。

誰言寸草心，報得三春暉。 

《念故鄉》 和 《老大徒傷悲》

《念故鄉》 李抱忱 詞 念故鄉，念故鄉，故鄉真可愛， 天甚清，風甚涼，鄉愁陣陣來。 故鄉人，今如何，常念念不忘， 在他鄉，一孤客，寂寞又淒涼。 我願意，回故鄉，重返舊家園， 眾親友，聚一堂，同享從前樂。

《老大徒傷悲》 韋瀚章 詞

黃金的年華虛度過，才知道從前鑄成大錯。

蕭蕭兩鬢白徒喚奈何，瘦影已婆娑徒喚奈何？

雄心壯志早消磨，斜陽景已不多。深悔蹉跎，深悔蹉跎。

歌曲 《遊子吟》 來自布拉姆斯 (Brahms) 的 《大學慶典序曲》 (Academic Festival Overture). 歌曲 《念故鄉》 和 《老大徒傷悲》 使用同一大家十分熟悉的旋律，即捷克名作曲家德弗乍克Dvorak的 《第九交響曲》（來自新世界）的第二樂章緩板Largo。這段樂章曾被名音樂家李抱忱（1907~ 1979）填上了中文的歌詞 《念故鄉》，早年曾經廣受歡迎傳唱；而同曲也被詞人韋瀚章填為 《老大徒傷悲》。两原汁原味的西洋音樂套上了優美的古代和近代中文歌詞，讓我們以為是道地的民國作品。德弗乍克的學生Fisher也將此緩板轉為可傳唱的歌曲 《Goin‘ Home》.

在筆者初中期間列為音樂教材的歌曲 《遊子吟》，《老大徒傷悲》，《憶兒時》，《送别》 不知如今是否還在，不得而知？每聽到這些曲子，依然可以清楚地記得其��雅的中文歌詞（長亭外，古道邊，芳草碧連天；天之涯，地之角，知交半零落 《送别》；茅屋三椽，老梅一樹，樹底迷藏捉 《憶兒時》；深悔蹉跎，深悔蹉跎 《老大徒傷悲》。。）和旋律。經由旋律加深了古雅文字的記憶及感染力，何嘗不是成功的人文教育？

感少年成長期音樂教育影響個人品性深遠，特以為誌。

12/16/2023

[fiftyohm]

區桂芝： 108 課綱無恥

區桂芝（北一女國文老師）批評政府（更準確一點，執政的民進黨）108課綱「去中國化」、「無恥」，大量刪除文言文，包括四書及明末文人顧炎武的《廉恥》等等，讓各級學校老師、學生淪陷在越來越黑暗的教育深淵，且老師們再也享受不到尊師重道的校園倫理。區桂芝更進一步引用蔡英文2016年說過「沒有人需要為他的認同而道歉」來為自己過往言論辯護。

從上面區桂芝的言論，似乎是說現行國文教育的「去中國化」是不對的。她的意思就是中文教育應該是國文教育；學生不僅學日常與人溝通的中文，還要接受文字所載的中國道统，包括禮義廉恥的教條，也就是說「文以載道」。而且僅能满满地接受其所載的中國道统，不然學生没學好其所載的道，就變成了「無恥」之徒。當老師的她就得不到尊師重道的禮遇，間接成了受害者。下面先就「去中國化」和「文以載道」两議題請教區老師。

首先，「去中國化」的議題不是由區桂芝所認為的108課綱禍首開始的。文化大革命 破四舊，誰催毁了中國文化？誰提倡簡體字，澈底地去中國化？區桂芝心中的祖國都如此瘋狂地去中國化，妳還要求台灣一昧地死守中國化，明月照溝渠？

「文以載道」？區老師不可能不知道文字，包括中文，其實是具有多重功能的。它可以作為策試論政（開啟宋文人當政），討論經世濟民之用。它可以作為道儒釋傳遞道统的工具，即「文以載道」。還有，文以抒情，詩言志，它可用來傳達感情，感動大眾的工具。文以載道僅僅是文字的一個功能。從小到大，中文課就被操控冠寫成「國文」，一般的中文課就成了肩負傳播國家道统重責大任的公民課了。「國文」課似乎應重回原來基本的「中文」課，讓學生有多一些學習語言的樂趣。

同時，區桂芝引用蔡英文2016年說過 「沒有人需要為他的認同而道歉」 來為自己堅持的言論辯護。首先，在她思思念念的中國可以嗎？在那裏，有些人為了堅持他/她的認同，甘冒被失蹤的危險，其實是很可怕的（很多實例的，如李明哲）。其次，區桂芝藉蔡英文2016年說過「沒有人需要為他的認同而道歉」的話，就是老娘不怕被失蹤，也不欲道歉，這不就是間接地歌頌台灣的民主嗎？

12/12/2023

[fiftyohm]

Blowin' In The Wind

by Bob Dylan

How many roads must a man walk down Before you call him a man? How many seas must a white dove sail Before she sleeps in the sand? Yes, and how many times must the cannonballs fly Before they're forever banned?

The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind The answer is blowin' in the wind

Yes, and how many years must a mountain exist Before it is washed to the sea? And how many years can some people exist Before they're allowed to be free? Yes, and how many times can a man turn his head And pretend that he just doesn't see?

The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind The answer is blowin' in the wind

Yes, and how many times must a man look up Before he can see the sky? And how many ears must one man have Before he can hear people cry? Yes, and how many deaths will it take 'til he knows That too many people have died?

The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind The answer is blowin' in the wind

How many roads must a man walk down 人究竟要走過多少路程 Before they call him a man 才能被稱為一個男子 How many seas must a white dove sail 一隻白鴿必須飛越多少海洋 Before she sleeps in the sand 才能在沙灘上安息 How many times must the cannon balls fly 砲彈要發射多少發 Before they’re forever banned 人們才會永遠禁止它

The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind 親愛的朋友 答案隨風飄盪 The answer is blowing in the wind 答案隨風飄盪

How many years must a mountain exist 一座山究竟要屹立不搖多少年 Before it is washed to the sea 才會被沖刷入海 How many years can some people exist 人們還要被囚禁多少年 Before they’re allowed to be free 才能獲得自由 How many times can a man turn his head 人們要再閃避目光多少次 And pretend that he just doesn’t see 對世上的��難視而不見

The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind 親愛的朋友 答案隨風飄盪 The answer is blowing in the wind 答案隨風飄盪

How many times must a man look up 人們要抬頭仰望多少次 Before he can see the sky 才能看見藍天 How many ears must one man have 一個人要有多少隻耳朵 Before he can hear people cry 才能聽見求救哭喊 How many deaths will it take 還要再犧牲多少條性命 ‘Till he knows that too many people have died 人們才會懂得生命的可貴

The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind 親愛的朋友 答案隨風飄盪 The answer is blowing in the wind 答案隨風飄盪

(adopted Lineday.co, with changes)

11/26/2023

[fiftyohm]

雪晚林邊歇馬

余光中

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

BY ROBERT FROST

Whose woods these are I think I know.   

His house is in the village though;   

He will not see me stopping here   

To watch his woods fill up with snow.   

My little horse must think it queer   

To stop without a farmhouse near   

Between the woods and frozen lake   

The darkest evening of the year.   

He gives his harness bells a shake   

To ask if there is some mistake.   

The only other sound’s the sweep   

Of easy wind and downy flake.   

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,   

But I have promises to keep,   

And miles to go before I sleep,   

And miles to go before I sleep.

雪晚林邊歇馬 余光中翻譯

我想我認得這座森林。

林主的房子就在前村；

卻見不到我在此歇馬，

看他林中飄满的雪景。

我的小馬一定很驚訝，

周圍望不見什麽人家，

竟在一年最暗的黃昏，

寒林和冰湖之間停下。

馬兒摇饗身上的串鈴，

問我這地方該不該停。

此外只有微風拂雪片，

再也聽不見其他聲音。

森林又暗又深真可羡，

但是我已經有約在先，

還要趕多少路才能安眠，

還要趕多少路才能安眠。

11/26/2023

[fiftyohm]

誰是林登 詹森？

“誰是林登 詹森？” 他是推動或支持1964 民權法案，1965 投票權法案，1965 移民與公民法案，Medicare/Medicaid等等重大法案的總統。這些法案都是保守派深惡痛絕的，然身為南方保守的民主黨人，他為什麼跟著楊基民主黨總統羅斯福，甘乃迪的腳步走progressive 的政治？下回分解。

“誰是林登 詹森？” 詹身為南方保守的民主黨人，他為什麼跟著楊基民主黨總統羅斯福，甘乃迪的腳步走progressive 的政治？因為他是一個對窮人，黑人有熱情compassion 的南方民主黨人士。詹的下人（窮又是黒人）到詹家幫忙的路上，不得搭公車，不得上廁所，為此，詹感到十分不公平，不應該。雖然是甘乃迪（民主黨）的副總統，但是一般認為他是羅斯福總統（楊基民主黨）的傳人。羅倡議New Deal, 詹倡議Great Society; 兩者都是民主價值的倡議。但詹與甘兩人其實配合非常好：甘是學院派，講理想但卻無法通過法案，詹來的自眾院，參院，熟悉法案運作。甘的理念剛好在甘過世後，在詹的運作下通過了。這好像是天意吧？聽說詹與羅伯甘乃迪有過節？沒錯，下回分解。

“誰是林登 詹森？” 上次提到聽說詹與羅伯甘乃迪有過節，是的。詹森個性有陰暗面，即1 害怕失敗（fear of failure); 2 不足感（inadequacy). 第一點，來自他父親曾經失敗過，這對他影響很大的。比如，1964大選他遲遲不表態競選（怕失敗），甘請他當副手。直到甘乃迪的旋風起來，他才感覺事態嚴重。正好，甘請他當副手。第二點，他上的大學是師範大學，比甘的幕僚多來自東北角長春藤聯盟似有點不足。這一點由日後他成為總統後全面接受甘的幕僚可以看出。另外我覺得正因爲不足感使得他面對咄咄逼人的羅伯甘乃迪（哈佛大學）有些招架不住。两人無法好好相處是白宫人士多有所聞的事。下次再聊詹森如何形容自己當VP不受歡迎，到他如何吐了這口怨氣。真有天壤之別，下回分解。

“誰是林登 詹森？” 上次提到詹森形容自己當VP如何不受歡迎的窘境。詹森擔任副總統時因為南北地緣不同，文化不同，個性不同，與總統的弟弟羅伯相處極為不恰。他經常受到羅伯的故意冷落，或總統的無意疏遠，開會經常沒邀請他。雖然常代���總統出訪，內心感到十分地不受重视。詹森甚至自嘲「幹VP一職就像一條被閹了的狗」。然而11月22日（1963），一切改變，詹森成了總統，換羅伯夜夜不得好眠。詹收編了甘的團隊，意氣風發，甚至在他的德州農莊擺國宴款待外賓德國總理。在國宴上一切都是德州式，五花馬 ，千金裘（五百磅的牛肉，三百磅的豬排，西部牛仔泥帽）。他的老婆Lady Bird 高興地嬉笑，拋飛吻，送禮物，其狀況當然不是11月22日前鬱鬱不樂當VP時可以預想得到的。真是時也，命也，運也。吳教授提到越戰升级是致使詹放棄連任之主因。下次我們一起來看是否有什麼脈絡可尋，注定他沒辦法處理好越戰，下回分解。

“誰是林登 詹森？” 上次説到詹森總統因為為越戰上昇，擴大以致於放棄連任（類似吳教授的comments)，其實本人覺得會有如此的情況，是有脈絡可尋的。在古巴危機時刻，他就是強調快速出兵一舉殲滅對手的那一派，不像甘比較鴿派，會give and take. 我們都知道越南被轟炸得死去活來，加上他對於古巴事件的建議來看與詹森總統不無關係（肌肉強硬派，少negotiations ，少 finesse 細緻的本質；此為本人推估，會再查證）。下次談詹森總統的 「任性」，這與詹森以非高壽（至少八，九十）而終有關。請待下回分解。

“誰是林登 詹森？” 上回說到 「任性」 的個性與詹森以非高壽（至少八，九十）而終有關。詹的 「任性」 直接唤回他中斷了十五年的抽煙習慣，他的女兒反對他抽煙，他怎麼說呢？ 「我總統都幹過了，有什麼可以阻止我抽個小煙呢？」 可惜的是他不只抽小煙，相反地，他卻是一個chain smoker，一天三包的煙。這麼一抽，他在短短地於卸任後四年又兩天，在64歲的低齡與世長辭了。早逝神奇之處就跟他1963年11月22日突然從人生的最低潮的VP，徹底地改運成總統的一國之尊同樣地amazing. 時也，命也，運也，What can you say?！

“誰是林登 詹森？” 就此打住，感謝各位收看。

11/15/2023

[fiftyohm]

Who is LBJ?

A person with compassion, Who was his mentor, FDR or JFK?

Before reading the book [1], we knew only a few facts about LBJ (Lyndon Baines Johnson); for example, he was catapulted to Presidency from VP on the death of JFK, the President; he and Robert, JFK's brother, had serious conflicts; he treated the widow Jackie fairly well; and he may not handle the Vietnam War as well as he liked, which had become his liability.

After reading [1], we learned that he actually was a person with compassion; he passed many important laws: 1964 Civil Rights, 1965 Voting Rights, Medicare and Medicaid (as Social Security amendment), and Immigration and Nationality Act 1965. He passed these important Democratic legislatures, not because he was VP of JFK, but, indeed, he was a protégé of FDR, who promoted New Deal, and LBJ himself worked whole life to promote Great Society. Most importantly, he did these because of, from what I can gather, compassion he had for common people, especially, the poor and blacks. He felt deeply for his servants (both poor and black) who had to walk a long way no bus, no restroom along the way, endured in-human treatment of the society to reach LBJ’s home.

According to [2], Franklin D. Roosevelt‚ was a great man and a shrewd politician, LBJ, the protégé, is at least shrewder. I cannot find the examples of LBJ’s shrewdness, but I found his dark side mentality (characters: fear of failure, and inadequacy), which is more intriguing (making him a real, tragic, vulnerable human being) than the simple facts people have known about him.

He had complicated indecisive nature, cannot declare the candidacy for the 1964 presidency until it was too late; because of his fear of failure (horror of making mistakes [2]). The fear has a lot to do with his father. His father had failed before which caused the whole family descended into poor.

He was graduated from Southwest Teacher’s College, and considered himself not smart enough (inadequate), like Kennedy’s cabinet members, full of Ivy League graduates.

With these dark side, hidden characters, it was natural he was struggling to manage relations with Robert F Kennedy. As a VP, he was ill-treated, ignored purposely by RFK (or un-intentionally by JFK); and right after he became President, everything was reversed, and it was RFK’s turn to have many sleepless nights. Before November 22, 1963, LBJ even lamented "Being VP like being a cut dog [1, p. 205]." In contrast, on December 29, 1963 he hosted a state dinner from Texas, the first social gathering after the death of JKF. In it (Texas White House Christmas Part), everything is Texas; Stetsons hats, 500 lbs of briskets, 300 lbs of spareribs, special barbecue, while at the background, Lady Bird, accompanying the guest, Erhard (German Chancellor), with Johnson behind, offered smiles, gifts, and hugs [1, p. 508]. What a drastic difference!

As a matter of fact, JFK and LBJ complement each other nicely. He has good sense of power; from observing people, from the mentors, also from practicing it (being a House representative and Senator); his success is a lot attributed to two mentors Roosevelt (a protégé to Roosevelt), House speaker Sam Rayburn. JFK proposed legislatures, and LBJ passed them, since he (LBJ) understood how Senate worked. He was a practical (hands-on) person, however, he lacked finesse that may be needed in complicated political matters, see Vietnam War (Liability) below.

He had self-destructive, self-indulged tendency; he resumed smoking right after his presidency. He consumed 3 packs a day, a true chain smoker.  It was sad, because he died at age of 64 (on January 22, 1973, 4 years and 2 days after completed his Presidency); it was really too young to die.

It is also important to mention that he had good family, wife and two daughters.

Great Society (Some failed, though)

During his presidency, he passed, promoted or supported important Democratic legislatures: 1964 Civil Rights, 1965 Voting Rights (first term), War on Poverty, Medicare and Medicaid (Social Security Amendments), 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act. These legislatures have long lasting effects on today’s US society.

He also signed 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, Hart-Celler Act, into law, which abolished National Origins Formula which had been the basis of the U.S. immigration policies since 1920s. Senator Philip Hart and Congressman Emanuel Celler introduced a bill to repeal the . The bill received wide support from both northern Democratic and Republican members of Congress, but strong opposition mostly from Southern Democrats, the latter mostly voting Nay or Not Voting. LBJ, a Southern Democrat himself, supported the legislature [3].

Great Society seems a proper term to summarize his life-time democratic valued efforts (including War on Poverty), as compared to New Deal, which was championed by his mentor FDR.

Vietnam War (Liability)

Vietnam War, under his presidency, became worse . In Cuba crises, Johnson took hawkish stand, as opposed to the more dovish approach taken by his boss. It is no wonder that, in his rein, Vietnam war became worse.

References

[1] Robert A. Caro, The Years of Lyndon Johnson -- The Passage of Power, May 1, 2012

[2] Michael C. Janeway, “Lyndon Johnson’s Other Wars,” The Atlantic, September 1967 [3] Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, Wikipedia.

[3] Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, Wikipedia.

October 30, 2023

[fiftyohm]

[fiftyohm]

The Six Months ROC Once Owned Taiwan

January 5, 1950, Truman publicly announced that Taiwan is part of China (referring to ROC, not PRC). Secretary of state Dean G. Acheson's speech at the National Press Club on January 12, 1950 was among the most important and controversial US policy statements in the early history of the Cold War in East Asia. He defined the American "defensive perimeter" in the Pacific rim as a line running through Japan, the Ryukyus (琉球), and the Philippines. It denied a guaranteed US military protection to the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan. Effectively, Taiwan under ROC became an internal affair between two sides of Chinese, PRC and ROC. But, most importantly, ROC truly owned Taiwan in early 1950. In legal term, ROC had sovereignty right over Taiwan.

On June 25, the Korean war broke out. Everything, including the sovereignty right, changed. On June 29, the Seventh fleet entered the Taiwan straits, ROC's sovereignty right was taken back. The US claimed that she can legally enter the Straits, and protect Taiwan (or Chiang's government, ROC, then the ruler) only when Taiwan's status is "Undermined,“ to which Chiang agreed. Thinking in this way, if both sides are Chinese, how can the US legally enter the region? Doing so, the Straits becomes a "land" of Freedom of Navigation (FON), and the same time the US had not grabbed a foreign territory (from Chinese, not China, either one), a principle that Truman and Acheson (or the US) firmly abided by.

As a result, the Taiwan straits turned into a "land" of FON, which the US views as a vital national interest. Based on this argument, you probably are able to draw a conclusion on what the US would do when Taiwan is under attack, or, straits' FON right is hampered: the US would enforce FON, regardless Taiwan is safe or not. But, it is obvious if Taiwan falls into PRC's hand, FON is immediately negated.

Later in 1952, FON and Taiwan's status of "Undetermined" are validated through treaties sign by countries in the world community, under guidance of then US special envoy of the president (Truman), John Foster Dulles, who later became the Secretary of state in 1953 under president Eisenhauer.

Seventy years later today, the issue is still hotly debated, if not hotter. China is much stronger, and has rigorously enforced One China policy, and also claims Taiwan is part of China. Ukraine is under attack from Russia, the situation parallels that between China and Taiwan. One important question: with severely un-balanced military might on the two sides, how Taiwan is able to defend herself? In my opinion, Taiwan's government should not rely on the US (to defend Taiwan); on the contrary, Taiwan should learn a lesson from the recent Ukraine war: 自助人助 (Help yourself then there will be help from others, obviously, FON is one of them)。

5/2/2022

[fiftyohm]

謎語 ⸢台中一中，台南一中⸥，打政治口號一

謎底：KMT版的九二共識；��� ⸢一中各表⸥。

由於習進平没收了九二共識裏的 ⸢一中各表⸥，故 ⸢一中各表⸥ 實值不再代表 ⸢中華民國，或中華人民共和國⸥；它僅能代表 ⸢台中一中，或台南一中⸥ 罷了。

4/2/2022

[fiftyohm]

小黑與小鹿

學校裏有兩隻校方認養的狗，如下圖：大一點的小黑是公的；小鹿是母的，曾遭拋棄，因為學校收容她時她頸上帶有項圈。小黑喜歡車內跟車，佔校車的主位，高興地讓學生摸它拍它。有時候，它會趕趕猴子。小鹿則不喜歡搭車，喜歡到處遊蕩，或在校車後跟著跑。最近小鹿被她的非相同地盤的同胞追殺，攻擊到皮肉綻開，奄奄一息。所幸及時發現，在獸醫的救助，司機先生的調理之下，終於恢復元氣。兩隻狗很不一樣，在一起卻不會吵架，好像相處得還可以。

12/12/2021

[fiftyohm]

今天冒著雨走到學校，高興

睽違已久的雨終於來了（請見下圖，台灣下為颱風，上為旺盛梅雨）。

今早甘冒全身淋濕之不當，再不便也選擇要在雨中快步來到學校。從小相信，每遇下雨，考試就會考得很好，是個人的如 「宗教」 般的信念：雨就是會帶來好運。果然，從最近雨終於到來和最近有利台灣的政治發展來講，又得到證明。

1 昨天下午，日航JL809載運了124萬劑AZ疫苗來到臺灣。相對對岸的打壓行為，台日本的相互關懷，好意（原因有跡可尋，李登輝，安倍晉三，安倍母親，小英，清德，長廷，311，國家隊口罩，南六口罩，台北賓館，八田與一。。。對了，還有[注一]所載之報導）在太平洋形成一堅固的島鏈，好像台日再統一。這個號稱十日（5/24起）靠互信的寧靜作戰代表了一個未來可行的新模式，並��告對岸影響力式微。

2 曹興誠批藍營（百年老黨），「唯恐台灣不亂，甘為中共犬馬，品行可謂墮落不堪！」 大快人心。曹興誠何等人也，代表台灣內部開始凝聚共識。

下面無關台灣政治，但是也是一些正面的發展（新知獲取無極限）：

3 Dr. CC Wei 作證Covid-19的疫苗能在短短一年內發展成功是AI的原因。而AI的背後是HPC，HPC的背後是Semiconductor半導體。另外連Atom Smasher也靠AI，其中粒子的軌跡埋藏在圖像的雜音裏，因為利用了GPU ��FPGA（AI processors and devices），可以發現這些軌跡。Higgs (named after Peter Higgs, 2013 Nobel Laureate) 的發現據說就是這樣來的。

4 對於DOE的真正認識（Replicates 為必要的 Randomization之必然結果；DOE 對Repeats的處理不同於Anova或Gauge R&R；Regression eq. in Coded, Uncoded units, Effects and Coefficients in Coded units 之連結；如何設 LN function，等等），也發現了Montgomery 教授關於Block leaks的錯誤結論（第七版用錯了dataset）。

5 星期五(6/4)的美國股市又勇敢地 「戰」 回來了。個人相信其原因在於融資太多，政治穩定。Harry Dent的六月底雪崩的預測極可能不會實現。

6 TBW on newly interested topics, which include retirement planning (building your own website, home IoT, seeking legal advises on family estate, FY home); what to do in retirement (or just let it go naturally); Inter-generation dialogues and business (if there is culture difference in helping the young ones, in terms of the support, the old exerting influence to help the young, taking advantage of the status, how to communicate between generations; how to manage expectation: young towards old, old towards young, etc..).

[注一]：明仁天皇夫婦最近造訪沖繩縣，28日（3/28/2018）更到與那國島最西端的海角西崎參觀「（日本）最西端之碑」。與那國町長外間守吉在導覽時表示，天氣條件良好時從這裡可以看見110公里外的台灣島，但��天因瀰漫著霧靄沒能見到，共同社稱，天皇夫婦朝著台灣方向的海平面凝視片刻。

下圖為日本參議員全體起立，一致力挺台灣參與WHO之場面（翻攝自參議院官網）。本圖後附於 6/12/2021。特別好奇什麼力量能使參議員全體起立？莫不與天皇之殷殷期待，上[注一]，有關？）

6/5/2021

[fiftyohm]

維族教育營和阻撓台灣取得疫苗，有何相似之處？

Ans: 兩者皆為侵犯人權的劣質行為。

可怕的是：「他們不知道他們在做甚麼。」 

 6/1/2021

[fiftyohm]

感謝對岸的敵對態度及手法

台灣因為政治原因拿不到德國BNT的疫苗，據可靠消息（來自朱鳳蓮：「他們明知不可為而為之」）證實是對岸施壓的結果。 對岸連這��攸關生命的大事，平常說最關心台灣人的都可，並要阻撓，其無人性落後的思維令人費解：這種粗暴的手法徒增兩邊的仇恨而已（其實對岸真的不想，怕統一台灣的，由此可見一斑。況且，人性與無人性思維已經形成不可逆的互不往來的鴻溝）。

因為最近北台灣疫情嚴重，執政黨缺疫苗的情況下，民間有利用其本身的實力欲直接向藥廠購買疫苗，這些有實力的機構包括鴻海，台積電（其實台積電本身不用操心麻煩，蘋果就會自動幫它尋找疫苗，乖乖）。鴻海甚至挑明不用上海復星BNT疫苗，讓人嘖嘖稱奇。

就在此時，日本表示可以供給AZ疫苗給台灣。台灣人本來就考慮很多，擔心將來對岸可能會因接受日本來的AZ疫苗而說嘴。很感謝對岸的敵對態度（飛彈對準，飛機，戰機繞台擾台）及手法（阻擋台灣拿德國BNT的疫苗卑劣手段），我們因此可以明正言順地接受日本的AZ 疫苗，讓對岸知道，「徳不孤，必有鄰」，什麽叫真正的關心（對台灣人好），掛在嘴邊的不算。

我們也不用解釋接受日本而拒絕上海復星BNT的原因，省事。進一步，是不是將來我們也可以因此不賣對岸晶（芯）片呢？

5/30/2021 -- 梅雨來到高雄了

[fiftyohm]

我要請問酈英傑：這是什麼道理？

「這是什麼道理？」

『台灣現在到這種地步，我們該給晶片也給了，萊豬也來了。什麼美國的條件我們通通都答應了，可是我們連最卑微的維持台灣民眾的安全的一個最基本的疫苗我們都拿不到，這是什麼道理？』

朱岳中 5/26/2021 陳凝觀年代向錢看

[fiftyohm]

摻了贅字的台灣國語更「台」了

「不好意思， 一個，進行xx，做xx的動作，做一個xx的動作，xx的部分， xx的狀況， 是， 有，對，等等」經常在無意間滲入了台灣多數人的口語裏。下面的例子裏，將括弧「xx」裏的字xx拿掉，其意不變，但卻變得比較順了，至少少了很多雞皮疙瘩。

在餐廳，你應該經常聽到服務員說：『「不好意思」，幫你「做」整理喔。』

餐廳服務生最近會說：『這邊先為您送上「一個」飲料「的部分」喔。』

美日在太平洋「做」軍演。 美日在太平洋「進行」軍演「的動作」。

『「不好意思」，現在為您「做一個」加湯「的動作」。 』

『政府設立的平台可以讓廠商「做」協商「的動作」。 』

那麼，市府到底有沒有「做」清查「的動作」？

遠距上班造成搭捷運的人少了「的一個狀況」。

阿基師曾針對上摩鐵一事發表了：『我們「有做一個」擁抱「的動作」。』  

電話那邊傳來『我「這邊」想跟您「做一個」確認「的動作」。』

『房租有點貴，我「是」不會租的。』

『你「有」去過網咖嗎？』

『我們這間公司已經成立十五年了。「對！」』

PS

「不好意思」，其實是台灣人暗藏霸凌 (imposing) 態度的語言。也就是說，有人跟你開口說「不好意思」時，就是你必須勉為其難地讓 (yield) 或順從 (accommodate) 講這句話的人。

4/30/2021