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HOW DIAMONDS ARE MINED

Your diamond's journey began a billion years ago, deep under the earth's crust, at a depth of a hundred miles. The pressure is so high, 45,000 times that at sea level, that carbon atoms condense into diamond, the hardest substance on the planet. Kimberlite, a diamond-containing igneous rock, is brought closer to the earth's surface by a special form of volcanic explosion called a kimberlite eruption, which occurred about 100 million years ago. Kimberlite is a mineral that is often found in kimberlite pipes, which are vertical formations in the earth's crust. Kimberlite is mined for diamonds in three different ways: alluvial mining, pipe mining, and marine mining. It's no surprise that diamonds are scarce because of their arduous trip through the earth's crust. To discover a single carat of diamond, miners must move an average of 250 tons of soil. One London double-decker bus may hold all the gem-quality diamonds ever mined.

ALLUVIAL DIAMOND MINING

takes place in riverbeds and beaches, where natural forces like wind, rain, and water currents wash diamonds from their initial deposits in kimberlite pipes to beaches and riverbeds over thousands of years.  To expose the diamond-bearing dry river or ocean bed, miners construct barriers or redirect rivers. Workers first sifted through the sand at the original location, but the process quickly progressed, with the sand being transferred to a screening facility to be handled more effectively. The Kimberlite's rough diamonds are transported downstream in rivers and streams. These diamonds are frequently discovered in the gravel layer of other materials such as mud, clay, and marine life. The industrial alluvial method entails constructing a huge wall to collect water in one location, where the gravel is gathered, brought to the surface, and processed.

MARINE MINING

 involves utilizing special mining ships to harvest diamonds from the ocean floor. Vertical diamond mining employs a huge, ship-mounted drill to bring up the diamond-bearing gravel, whereas horizontal marine diamond mining uses a crawler to suck gravel from the ocean floor to the surface via flexible pipes. Namibia's Namdeb is the world's largest diamond-mining company. Alternatively, they extract diamonds using a huge size drill installed aboard the ship. Namibia's coast is the richest known source of marine diamond resources, accounting for around 64% of the country's total diamond production. While the oldest type of marine diamond mining necessitated a swimmer collecting pebbles from a shallow bottom, current technology has enabled horizontal and vertical marine mining to reach deeper depths.

PIPE MINING

There are two types of pipe mining: open-pit mining and underground mining.

The most frequent method of recovering diamonds directly from kimberlite pipes is open pit diamond pipe mining. Blasting loosens the diamond-bearing rock, which is then loaded onto massive 300-tonne trucks and transported to a diamond processing factory. Miners extract the layers of sand and rock immediately above the kimberlite rocks in open-pit diamond mining, which takes place closer to the earth's surface. Blasting is used to break up the ore in the pit. After the ore has been crushed, it is loaded and transferred to a primary ore crusher, where the diamond extraction process may begin. Because most open pit diamond mines are located in distant areas, they are extremely costly to run: all workers must be flown in, housed, and fed. The largest open pit diamond mines are the Jwaneng Mine in Botswana and the Jubilee Mine in Russia.

Underground mining

 on the other hand, necessitates the construction of two parallel and vertically linked tunnels, with workers blasting ore from kimberlite pipes into the top tunnel, which then falls and accumulates in the bottom tunnel. To get to the kimberlite pipe, miners have to tunnel into the Earth's crust. Tunnels are built on two levels, one on top of the other, with funnels connecting the two. Blasting ore starts on the top level, where it falls via funnels and gathers on the second tunnel. The shattered ore is collected by loaders and brought back to the surface for processing.

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Facts About Blood Diamond

Conflict diamonds, often known as blood diamonds, are mined in a war zone and sold clandestinely to fund the war operations of insurgents or invading armies. After a study, A Rough Trade, was released by Global Witness, a British environmental and human rights organization, in December 1998, the subject began to get public attention. The reports wreaked havoc on the diamond industry both within and out. There were talks about boycotts. Global Witness is an activist and watchdog organization that monitors the diamond business, with a special focus on conflict diamonds.

How many conflict diamonds are there?

Only around 4% of diamonds on the market are conflict diamonds, according to the diamond industry in 2009. Others believe the real percentage is closer to 15%. Rough diamonds with a market value of $7.9 billion were produced in 2001 by the diamond industry. This was turned into jewelry worth $54.1 billion at the end of the diamond chain.

Conflict diamonds have an impact in which parts of the world?

Fighting driven by the conflict diamond trade has been confined to a few Central and West African nations. According to the Kimberly Process, several of these nations contain diamonds that are easier to mine and hence easier to smuggle. In the early 1990s, concerns about diamonds funding a conflict developed in relation to Angola. Diamonds were later suspected of aiding in the financing of civil conflicts in Sierra Leone and Liberia. The problem isn't new. Lebanese businessmen and smugglers in Sierra Leone's diamond mines supported both sides in the Lebanese Civil War in the 1970s and 1980s.

  Fueling Civil Wars

Sierra Leone, Liberia, Angola, the Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, the Central African Republic, and the Democratic Republic of Congo have all seen terrible civil wars driven by diamonds in the last two decades. By funding military and rebel groups, diamonds exacerbate civil conflicts. Rival factions also compete for control of diamond-rich areas. Bloodshed, loss of life, and horrific human rights violations ranging from rape to the deployment of child soldiers are the terrible results. Despite the fact that many diamond-fueled conflicts have ceased, conflict diamonds continue to be a major concern. In 2013, the Central African Republic descended into civil conflict, with both sides vying for control of the country's diamond riches. Thousands of people have perished, and over a million have been forced to flee their homes. Furthermore, diamond-fueled conflicts have claimed the lives of about 3.7 million people in the past. Millions of people are still suffering as a result of these wars: friends and family members have died, lives have been broken, and physical and mental wounds have been left behind that will last decades.

 Blood Diamond in Africa

Conflict diamonds were no longer a major concern in Angola, Sierra Leone, and Liberia by the late 2000s, since the hostilities in those countries had mainly finished. They were, however, becoming an issue in Zimbabwe, where they didn't so much ignite a war as they did assist prop up Robert Mugabe's oppressive and often murderous rule. Illicit diamond trafficking is also practiced in isolated sections of the Congo, but the primary diamond-producing areas (in the south) are located in other parts of the nation than where the majority of the fighting occurs (in the east). Conflict diamonds made their way to the market during the instability in the Ivory Coast by being registered in Ghana.

 Combating conflict diamonds

The US Congress has passed "conflict diamonds" legislation aimed at controlling the diamond trade in Africa's war-torn countries. It advocates for the regulations specified by the so-called Kimberley Process, which mandates the use of government-verifiable certifications for diamond trading. Around 50 more countries have expressed interest in joining the Kimberley Process. In 2002, a method was devised to register diamonds based on their provenance, with lasers engraving information on the stones to guarantee they were not "blood diamonds." The difficulty is that with a few minutes of polishing, engraving may be readily fabricated or erased. By passing a laser beam through a diamond, it is possible to "fingerprint" it. Each diamond creates a different pattern. In the fight against conflict diamonds, this approach has little utility. The genesis of a diamond cannot be traced.

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HOW TO DETERMINE A DIAMOND’S VALUE

The renowned 4Cs define the value of a diamond: carat weight, color, cut, and clarity. An appraiser uses these four measurements to calculate the worth of a diamond, while the quality of the band is added to the value of a diamond ring. It is uncommon for diamond owners to understand what makes one diamond superior to another. When it comes time to sell a diamond, it's critical to be aware of these distinctions in order to receive a fair price.

Robert M. Shipley, a former retail jeweler, took on the mission of professionalizing the American jewelry business in the early twentieth century. In 1931, he founded the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) to give formal gemological instruction to aspiring jewelers. A method for determining the worth and quality of a diamond was badly required. Shipley coined the phrase "4Cs" to refer to the color, clarity, cut, and carat weight of diamonds. This brought together the world's diamond industry in terms of grading, commerce, and education. The 4Cs' combined factors define each diamond's rarity, and hence its value and price.

Carat

The weight of a diamond is a significant determinant in its value. The weight measurement of a diamond is measured in carats, a word originating from carob tree seeds that were used to balance scales in ancient times. 200 milligrams (0.007055 ounces) = one carat. Metric carats are further subdivided into 100 points in the standardized system. Half a carat, or 0.5 carats, is a 50-point diamond. The heavier the things, like everything else in the world, the more expensive they are. While this is true for diamonds as well, there are a number of additional elements that impact a diamond's overall quality and worth. The carob seed is the source of the carat, the standard unit of weight for diamonds and other jewels. Early gem dealers utilized these tiny seeds as counterweights in their balancing scales because of their very consistent weight. In 1913, the United States and other nations adopted the current metric carat, which is equivalent to 0.2 grams. In today's globe, a carat weighs the same in every country.

Color

Blue, pink, yellow, and black diamonds are among the numerous hues offered. White (colorless) diamonds, on the other hand, are the most widely traded diamonds. Colorless diamonds become more precious as they get more colorless. A colorless diamond enables more light to flow through, resulting in wider light dispersion and, in layman's words, a sparklier diamond. Diamonds come in a variety of colors, including colorless, pale yellow, brown, and even gray. Color alone may make a considerable variation in the value of diamonds with equal cut, clarity, and carat. The GIA color-grading system is the industry standard for diamonds. The scale starts with the letter D, which stands for colorless, and progresses to the letter Z, which stands for pale yellow or brown. The color look of each letter grade is precisely specified. Under regulated lighting and exact viewing circumstances, diamonds are color-graded by comparing them to stones of known hue. Color variations may have a big impact on the value of a diamond. Color alone may make a difference in the value of two diamonds with the same clarity, weight, and cut. Even a smidgeon of hue may make a significant impact in value.

Clarity

Clarity is a term used to describe a diamond's purity. A diamond's clarity is determined by the number and position of internal defects, known as inclusions, and outward markings, known as blemishes. The fewer faults in a diamond, the rarer it is and the more valuable it is. Inclusions are internal characteristics of diamonds, whereas blemishes are surface imperfections. They're referred to as clarity qualities when they're combined. The lack of inclusions and imperfections is referred to as clarity. Scratches and nicks on a diamond's surface are examples of imperfections. Inclusions are usually found on the interior of the stone, and some may breach the surface. When a diamond is formed, small diamond or other mineral crystals can become stuck inside. They may persist after the stone has been cut and polished, depending on where they are placed, and they can influence the look of a diamond. Although clarity qualities can have a detrimental impact on a diamond's value, they can also have a favorable impact. For one reason, they aid gemologists in distinguishing genuine diamonds from imitations. In addition, because no two diamonds are alike in terms of inclusions, they can aid in the identification of particular stones. They can also give vital information to scientists regarding the genesis of diamonds.

Cut

While the other Cs of a diamond are determined by nature, the worth and brilliance of a diamond are determined by the artisan who cuts it. The cut of a diamond is what determines how much light is reflected through it. The cut is what allows the correct amount of light to interact with every angle and facet of a diamond and be returned to the eye, releasing the diamond's fire and brilliance. The diamond will seem dark and ugly if light enters via the crown and exits through the pavilion. Diamonds with varying proportions and a high polish make greater use of light, making them brighter, more colorful, and more dazzling. It's crucial to remember that there are a lot of different percentage combinations that might affect how the diamond interacts with light and how appealing it is to the person looking at it. Individual tastes have a part as well. Individuals inside the grade range have the choice to pick the appearance they like. The terms cut and form are frequently used interchangeably. They conceive of cut as the diamond's form or outline, rather than the facets that must be arranged to give a pleasing look.

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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LAB GROWN DIAMONDS & EARTH-MINED DIAMONDS

Value

The most evident distinction between the two is that one is formed deep beneath the Earth's surface, while the other is made in a laboratory. As fascinating as the concept of ‘3D printing' and mass-producing diamonds may appear, what occurs under the Earth's surface is even more remarkable. It's no secret that most engagement rings have featured mined diamonds over the past century. Is this to say they're better than lab-grown diamonds? Not in the least. Diamonds created in a lab are of the same quality, durability, and look as natural diamonds. In reality, as more buyers seek a more ecologically and socially responsible alternative, lab diamonds are becoming increasingly popular, while mined diamonds are becoming increasingly rare. Many people question if a lab-grown diamond can be distinguished from a genuine diamond. Let's compare and contrast the physical properties of lab-grown and mined diamonds to see how they compare.

Although creating diamonds in a lab is still a relatively new technique, it is gaining traction, particularly among millennials. Although the composition is equal to that of earth-mined diamonds, the techniques used to get them are vastly different. Farming lab-grown diamonds that look like earth-mined diamonds may be done in two ways. The first is HPHT (High Pressure High Temperature) and the second is CVD (Continuous Variable Diameter Diameter Diameter Diameter Diameter Diameter Diameter Diameter Diameter Diameter (Chemical Vapor Deposition). The quality is improving all the time, and you wouldn't know you're looking at a man-made product if you didn't know.

Price

When comparing lab-grown diamonds versus earth-mined diamonds, one of the most important aspects to consider is the price. The chasm between the two is enormous. It's no surprise that earth-mined diamonds are more expensive than synthetic diamonds. The sheer amount of manpower is incredible. Excavation of these riches necessitates a significant amount of time and money, thus increasing the financial value. Artificial diamonds, like its biological counterparts, are evaluated using the four Cs (carat weight, cut, color, and clarity), yet they are still 30-40% cheaper than real diamonds.

Appearance

In a side-by-side comparison, it's difficult to tell the difference between a lab-grown diamond and a genuine diamond. To tell one from the other, you'll need specialized equipment. This is due to the fact that they are similar in every manner. It will also state the diamond's grade on all 4Cs, including carat weight, color, clarity, and cut, in addition to indicating that it was produced in a lab. A grading report provides you with the assurance that your diamond is of the grade you anticipate. While some may believe that lab-grown diamonds do not have the same brilliance as mined diamonds, this is simply not the case. Let's take a closer look at these glistening wonders.

Value

Another significant factor to consider is the fact that lab-grown diamonds may not be as durable as natural diamonds. Whether you agree with it or not, the value of a diamond extracted from the ground remains a constant. Synthetic diamond production is only rising, implying that there is no clear market cap, posing a threat to long-term stability. Natural diamonds, hands down, are the way to go if you're seeking for long-term value.

Sustainability

Younger generations place a premium on environmental stewardship and ethical mining operations. While not all earth-mined diamonds are associated with human misery, there have been numerous reports of human rights violations at the hands of the diamond industry, with cruel mining techniques still in use in some regions of the world. Only ethically obtained earth-mined diamonds are sold at Jeweler's Touch, or we create our own conflict-free diamonds. When you purchase a lab produced diamond, which seems identical to an earth-mined diamond to the naked sight, you are assuring that no one was injured in the process.

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EXPENSIVE?: GOLD vs. DIAMOND

Diamond prices are determined by its clarity, color, cut, and carat weight, which are decided by their grading and quality. The more desired the cut, the better the color, the greater the clarity, the larger the stone, and the better the color, the higher the price of the diamonds. On the other hand, Gold has uniform pricing, with the value of the metal determined by the current price for that day. Gold, for example, would cost $2,000 per ounce.

Diamonds are more expensive than gold, despite the fact that they are considerably less uncommon. To mine enough gold to affect the market, the concentration of gold resources within the earth's crust would have to grow by 1,250 times. Diamonds' attraction stems from the intricate and frequently problematic process of creating and mining them from the extremely common element carbon.

Diamonds are considered to grow in value over time. The value of a diamond is determined by its quality, so if you buy a stone that meets all of the 4Cs and keeps it in perfect condition, its value will definitely rise. Certification is another important factor that affects a diamond's value. This not only establishes the jewel's legitimacy, but it also distinguishes naturally obtained diamonds from lab-created counterparts in some circumstances.

Diamonds are an absolutely positive investment utility for creating future wealth in the present. The demand for diamonds has risen dramatically in recent years, and this trend is expected to continue. In this manner, one may rest confident that these jewels will always have a market.

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