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In this photo provided by the Dongyu Gatsal Ling nunnery, a group of nuns play a ritual instrument, the Tibetan longhorn, or dungchen, which are commonly used during ceremonies, at the nunnery in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India on Oct. 27, 2021. About 100 nuns live and study here. (Dongyu Gatsal Ling nunnery via AP)

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The name of the Drukpa order comes from the word ‘druk’, Tibetan for dragon. The nuns perform their exercises after breakfast. All nuns at the nunnery are trained in martial arts as a form of self-defence and to build strength. The nuns started learning martial arts after a break-in at the nunnery in 2008. They sometimes offer classes to villagers, particularly women. They practise every day except Sundays.

Photographs by Skanda Gautam

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Aelfgifu of Northampton

Aelfgifu of Northampton (fl. 1013-1037) was an English noble who married the English and Danish king Cnut (r. 1016-1035) and was the mother of the English king Harold I Harefoot (r. 1035-1040). Aelfgifu reached the height of her influence in the 1030s, when she governed Norway with her older son, Sweyn, and then secured Harold‘s accession to the English throne.

Early Life & Marriage to Cnut

Aelfgifu’s year of birth is unknown, but she was the daughter of a prominent English ealdorman named Aelfhelm. Aelfhelm ruled the southern portions of Northumbria from 994 to 1006, during the long reign of Aethelred the Unready (r. 978-1013 and 1014-16), which was plagued by Viking invasions. In 1006, Aelfhelm was assassinated, and two of his sons were blinded on the orders of the king. Aelfgifu is not known to have endured the same kind of violence as her father and brothers, although her circumstances immediately following the upheaval are unclear.

When Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark (r. 986-1014) invaded England in 1013 in a war of conquest, he sought out Aelfgifu as a match for his son, Cnut. Aelfgifu and Cnut most likely married sometime in 1013 or very early 1014. As a result of the Danish conquest of England, Aethelred was driven out and Sweyn became England’s next king.

King Sweyn died suddenly on 3 February 1014. His Viking fleet proclaimed Cnut king, and Aelfgifu may have expected to rise even further in status as the new king’s wife, but not everyone was willing to accept her and Cnut. Some of the English nobles recalled Aethelred, wishing to make him king again rather than accept Cnut as Sweyn’s successor.

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She certainly advocated keeping healthy in her scientific works, repeatedly stressing the benefits of eating and drinking well. In her letters too, she frequently reminded recipients how important it was to look after the human body, since it took care of the soul. She cautioned against the fasting, scourging and self-deprivation practised by certain monks and nuns like Jutta.49 Instead, beer is encouraged since it ‘positively affects the body when moderately consumed … beer fattens the flesh and … lends a beautiful colour to the face’. And unlike many of her contemporaries, Hildegard also took a keen interest in the gynaecological and sexual well-being of women.50 Writing in 1150, she provided the first known description of what a female orgasm feels like: When a woman is making love with a man, a sense of heat in her brain, which brings with it sensual delight, communicates the taste of that delight during the act and summons forth the emission of the man’s seed. And when the seed has fallen into its place, that vehement heat descending from her brain draws the seed to itself and holds it, and soon the woman’s sexual organs contract, and all the parts that are ready to open up during the time of menstruation now close, in the same way as a strong man can hold something enclosed in his fist.

Femina_ A New History of the Middle Ages, Through the Women -- Janina Ramirez -- 2022 -- WH Allen -- 9780753558256 -- 49f425850989d7f5c4898de4b45e6359 -- Anna’s Archive

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Flood disaster: seven women in overalls and rubber boots, armed with brooms and buckets are on their way to sweep the city clean, Kruiningen, Zuid-Beveland, Zeeland, 1953 - by W.L. Stuifbergen, Dutch

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she pioneered the application of mathematics and computational methods to the field of biochemistry. She dedicated her career to applying the evolving computational technologies to support advances in biology and medicine, most notably the creation of protein and nucleic acid databases and tools to interrogate the databases. She originated one of the first substitution matrices, point accepted mutations (PAM). The one-letter code used for amino acids was developed by her, reflecting an attempt to reduce the size of the data files used to describe amino acid sequences in an era of punch-card computing.

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an American biophysicist best known for developing the Richardson diagram, or ribbon diagram, a method of representing the 3D structure of proteins.

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women kissing at the 1990 National Bisexual Conference in San Francisco, CA

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Senana Napurrurla Walker

Pirlarla Jukurrpa (Dogwood Tree Bean Dreaming)

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i'm logging off for the rest of the day, BUT

really incredible news. i'm so proud of our sister senators alsobrooks and blunt rochester. although the senate is deeply unfavorable to us now, i know they'll give 'em hell.