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ashiq65 · 1 year ago

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Levitation

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The magic of floating in the void once fascinated us, but these days in the corner of the Internet, these things no longer excite us. But if you’re told that it’s possible to literally float an object in zero without any tricks, you might be a bit shocked. You may have seen floating bulbs or globes. But they really float in the void. It is called levitation.

It is possible to float an object in a vacuum in several ways. Such as:

Acoustic levitation is the act of making an object float in space through sound

Floating in a vacuum by means of magnets is called magnetic levitation

It is also possible to supercool an object and keep it floating in vacuum

Now we will discuss different types of levitation

Any object that falls due to gravity will. Now float if we can avoid this gravity. The most common example of levitation is hydrodynamic levitation where an object floats through water usually in a vacuum. Now such a levitation will not fully satisfy you or you will not feel completely magical as the ball floats upwards due to the upward flow of water. Now if the object floats for some invisible reason other than water then your subject will appear magical.

A hairdryer and a ping pong ball will be needed in such cases. A ping pong ball floats in zero against gravity due to the upward wind of a hair dryer. It is natural that an object moves upwards due to the upward force of water and air But how does it stay stable in one place. Why is it not flying unstable? In this case, the fact that the object is stable is explained with the help of Bernoulli’s principle. Which explains the relationship between pressure and fluid flow. Anything but water and air can literally float, which looks really magical.

Acoustic Levitation: Acoustic levitation is the process by which an object floats in space. The advantage of this type of levitation is that both solid and liquid objects can be levitated. When two sound waves with the same characteristics come from opposite directions, they combine to form a standing wave. The pressure at certain points of a standing wave remains unchanged, called node And where the pressure is unchanged is called antinodes. Now we have to take care of the node about floating an object to zero. The parts of the standing wave notes are neutral. Pressure balance is maintained here. As a result, if any object is placed in the node part, it gets stuck there. To understand this a little better, imagine a situation. If a man is pulled by his two hands in opposite directions with equal force, the man will not move in either direction. The condition for applying sufficient force on the man in the middle is that the man in the middle remains stationary because in this case the forces applied on both sides are equal. Again, if two people try to push the middle person with equal force toward each other, then the position of the object will not change. The same thing happens with standing waves. Equal pressure exists on both sides of the node, so the object on the node does not move either way. Rather, it remains constant. Acoustic levitation uses high pressure and frequency. That is, sounds outside the range of human hearing are used. As a result, even though sound is created here, people cannot hear any sound here. Acoustic levitation involves using a spray of water and ceiling imagining where the nodes are. Again in the case of two-dimensional surfaces, the nodes can be seen through the sand. For example, in the case of two-dimensional globalization in the sound web, the place where the sand accumulates is called a node. In general acoustic levitation, an object can usually be moved up and down. However, it is possible to increase the moving access of objects by creating sound waves from all directions.

Use of Acoustic Levitation: Since liquids can be kept afloat by acoustic levitation, this levitation can be used to monitor the reaction of various sensitive chemicals. Moreover, this type of levitation is very important in experiments where touch is to be avoided. A limitation of acoustic levitation is that it cannot float a heavy object, as the volume of the liquid increases as it collapses and flattens. However, acoustic levitation is suitable for small-end non-contact work.

Magnetic Levitation: Magnetic levitation comes before us in keeping large objects floating in the vacuum. It is very common to levitate an object in a vacuum by means of a magnet. A magnet has two poles those are the north pole and the south pole. We know opposite poles attract each other and the same poles repel each other. Now it is possible to make an object float using the fact that polar objects repel each other, but the challenge here is to keep the floating object stable. Overcoming this challenge, maglev trains are currently running at a speed of around 600 km per hour. Maglev trains use electromagnets. We know that magnetic force and electric force are the same thing, so together they are called electromagnetic force. That means you can generate electricity from magnets. Again, through electricity, any conductor can be converted into a magnet. Now the conversion of any object into a magnet by means of electricity is called an electro-magnet. If you twist a wire around an object and then connect a battery to both ends of that wire, the coiled wire becomes a magnet, called an electromagnet. The advantage of electromagnets is that you can change the pole of the magnet as you wish. Changing the direction of the current causes the electromagnetic to change as well.

Due to the fact that the change of the electromagnet in the maglev train is under control, through various engineering techniques, maglev love can be placed at a certain height from the surface and moved from one place to another in a balanced manner at a certain speed.

Quantum levitation: However, there is another type of levitation through magnets called quantum levitation. In this case, if an object that can conduct electricity is super cooled and placed on a magnet, the object can float on top of the magnet. The object may initially float or move along the magnet. When a conductor is super cooled, the conductor becomes a superconductor. That is, there is no obstacle in the flow of electricity in that object. A property of superconductors is that magnetic field lines cannot cross through them. Now if the superconductor is placed in a magnetic field, the magnetic field lines cannot cross the superconductor, so the magnet exerts a repulsive force on the superconductor. And the magnetic field line breaks along the superconductor side surface. It is called the Meissner effect. Now the conductor floats due to the reverse force of the magnetic lines. In this case, however, the superconductor does not remain stationary but moves out of the magnetic field. But in this case, some immunity is kept in the superconductor to keep it stable. So that the magnetic field lines can cross through all those places. This causes the magnetic fins of the superconducting magnet to become trapped along the magnetic field, which is called quantum entanglement. Thus the superconductor can move along a limited and similar path over the magnetic field.

No matter how you levitate an object, the point is to overcome gravity.

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