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Blog #18

1.     When they are asked about their religion, most Japanese answer they are Shinto and Buddhist. Why do they belong to two religions at the same time?  Why don’t they think it’s contradictory?  Explain why you think so.

           Because Shinto and Buddhism are ideas that fall under a religion, but are not strict on following such beliefs. Since the two religions are idealist, rather than more focused on practice, it is easy to follow the two religions at the same time. Shinto is the main root religion but also encourages acceptance of ideas, therefore the appeal to Buddhist ideas were integrated with the Japanese mind.

2.     Considering Zoto, “Public and Private” and “giri” have deeper relationships. Thinking about those two concepts while Japanese people do “Zoto”, which scene of this film is a good example that “‘Private gifts’ that are not considered as important” (p.240) ?

           I think an example of Zoto is when the man who was angry at Daigo and Sasaki for being late. But after the ceremony and saw that Diago and Sasaki made the man’s wife a beautiful send off, he offered them meat on a stick in private and apologized. I believe that he gave the food as a gift for a good job but also as an apology for him being upset at the beginning and saying harsh words to Daigo and Sasaki.

3.     Daigo was a cellist, but his orchestra was dissolved, and he takes a job as “Nokanshi.”  What kind of job is “Nokanshi”?  From the film, what is the general perception of this job? How does Daigo feel about his job? Describe the transition of Daigo’s wife perception toward his job.

The job of Nokanshi is to prepare the deceased and purify them so that they can be sent off peacefully to the afterlife. The general perception of this job from the public seems to be a low or dirty job. It is thought lowly or not a proper job to have where people should not associate with that person. At first, he is skeptical about the job but once he saw how Sasaki transformed someone decease to make them look like they were once living transformed his view. The peace it brought to people to see the deceased just as if they were living made Daigo change his mind. Once Mika found out of Daigo’s job she was very against it and left Daigo to live with her parents. But she came back as she was pregnant, but was still trying to convince Daigo to quit for their child in fear of bulling. After she saw Daigo work on the bathhouse lady, I believe it was a turning point where she saw Daigo taking the job seriously.

4.     Japanese funerals have many rituals and customs.  In your opinion, what is the biggest difference between the Japanese funerals you saw in the film and the kind of funerals you have been to?  

           Most of the funerals I have been too, have been mainly burials rather than cremation. Since my family are primarily Buddhist, I know firsthand on the many customs and rituals during and after funerals. But compared to Christian funerals, there are just less customs but still align in similar aspects. Family saying a few words, the viewing, and walking the casket to the burial ground are a few examples both funerals share in common from my experiences.

5.     Movie—What does the stone that Daigo has mean?

The stone was a gift from his father, and supposed to represent how his father felt about Daigo. It was a large dark stone with some holes it in and was lopsided. In the movie, Diago said a smooth rock ment clear minded or peace of mind, therefor I believe that the rock Diago’s father gave him ment he was worried for him. Perhaps this was around the time before Diago’s dad ran off and the stone ment to foreshadow concerns for Diago as he lived on without his father.

6.     Movie— Was Daigo able to meet his father? What kinds of situation was it?

Daigo was able to meet his father after 30 years, only to see that he had already passed away. Daigo did not want to go see his father’s body but eventually changed his mind. When the other funeral workers did not show respect to Daigo’s dead fathers body, he was very upset and performed the job himself.

7.     What other PRIOR Japanese key concepts do you see in this film? Explain what and why you think so.

I saw Chinmoku in this film as Daigo struggled to answer Mika at times, and Amae as well when he did answer her; so that she would not argue or show resistance.

8.     What did you learn about the Japanese culture through the film?  What do you think about the movie overall?

           I learned idealist views and traditions that shaped why the Japanese act and speak in a certain way. Many of the concepts stem from very old traditions based on people who inhabited ancient Japan and trying to ensure harmony within the community. I thought the movie was good, as it had certain jokes to lighten the mood because this is a very heavy subject. But it also reminded me of my grandmother’s funeral and how sad it was during those times. My grandmother had make up as well for the view and all and I thought nothing of it during the time, now after seeing this movie is see the importance of the tradition.

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Blog #17

Zoto

“Sending these cards is considered a duty for most Japanese because they are very important in Japan for maintaining relationships” (pg. 234).

I feel like American’s are too lazy and cheap to send everyone cards, compared to the Japanese. With cards Americans tend to send only to very close relatives or those who we truly care about. With other acquaintances or friends, posting a message on social media to generalize everyone else seems to be the trend now, because it is so easy and less time consuming. Cards are actually quite expensive and for something most people just sign at the bottom is not usually worth the money to spend on.

“By giving money, people can avoid searching through department stores to select gifts, and those who receive it do not have to be bothered with gifts they do not want” (pg 239).

I feel like this is a decent gift but also it shows how much you know of the other person. By giving a gift it takes time and effort to choose and to really consider the other person’s interest. But by giving money it just states your maximum budget you would spend on this person and that you do not know them quite well or maybe not worth your time. I can appreciate money as a gift cause I can choose how to spend it, I would prefer an actual gift to gauge how strong my friendship with the giver.  

Soshiki

“In Japanese Buddhism, a family altar is built in each house in order to pray to buddha and for the soul of departed ancestors” (pg 211).

I can relate to this because my house follow certain traditions of Buddhism. My home has an alter that has pictures or my departed family members. The atmosphere when praying and events that are held in my house for prayer always have a serious tone. This is quite different from most Americans who usually go to church or mosques for prayer. I feel like most americans not familiar with buddhism and  praying to the departed in our home do not understand and may see it as barbaric or pagan like ritual.

“Most modern Japanese funerals are held Buddhist-style, and there are a great many strict customs to be followed both during and after funerals” (pg 214).

Since my family are also Buddhists, we go to a small Shinto temple for prayers and ritual events. But since it primarily a Vietnamese temple the rituals had few similarities but more differences from what I read. For one when my grandmother passed we did not wear any black robes, instead we wore suits or dresses and had a white cloth tied to our forehead. I think compared to most Americans, most do not visit the grave site of the departed because it may seem morbid to do so; especially on big holidays like Christmas.

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Blog #16

1. Considering iitoko-dori, the textbook mentions that “the process of iitoko-dori, which has given rise to relative rather than absolute ethical value system, has also result in serious negative consequences” (p.130). Did you find a scene that explains it well? Describe the scene and write the reasons why you think so.

A scene I believe that explains iitoko-dori is when Suzu talks to Rin about children. Suzu was determined to provide an heir to the family, but Rin stated all the negative aspects of child bearing and not delivering a son at first. This made Suzu change her mind about being so determined to provide a child but still felt it was her duty.

2. Considering Ikuji, how do you see Keiko (Suzu’s sister in law) child bearing? Use the citation of textbook and explain the DIFFERNCES between textbook and Keiko. Explain why you think so.

Keiko seems distant from her daughter, where they would be together but would not interact with one other. There is very little screen time with Keiko and Harumi, but one scene that I remember was when they were outside washing clothes. I believe Keiko was teaching Harumi how to do chores, so that she would be a good wife one day.

3. Considering Ryosaikenbo, in the movie, there are much the Ryosaikenbo concepts, for example “In Japan, it is still believed that boys and girls should be brought up in different ways” (p.181). Did you find a scene that explains it well? Comparing with American culture nowadays, do you feel it is fair or not? Explain the reasons why you think so.

I didn’t not see any scenes that showed how boys should be brought up. For girls, at the end where Suzu adopts the little girls, they are seen cleaning the house. So, it goes back to Ryosaikenbo where girls are indoors and usually taught to clean and cook. Nowadays in American culture, I do not feel it is fair to only teach girls to do chores. Americans nowadays tend to teach both gender of children how to do most chores around the house to help out. It is done this way in order to teach responsibility and life skills for the future.

4. Considering Danjyo Kankei, unlike the tradition of Danjyo Kankei, did you see in the movie that men (husband, father in law, or good male friend) are subservient to females (wife, mother in law, sister in law, prostitute friend)? Explain the scenes and why you think so.

I did not see any scenes where the men would take orders or obey the women, as the women did not order them at all. I believe that there were old traditions where women had a certain place and where not on equal grounds as the men; therefor they did not overstep their boundaries.

5. MOVIE- Why did Suzu lose her right arm?

She did not see the bomb near Harumi. As they tried to flee away from the bomb, Suzu did not escape from the blast radius.

6. MOVIE- What was the relationship between Syusaku and Rin?

They were grade school class mates before Rin was sold to the red light district. He would check up on Rin once in a while but stopped because he married Suzu. Syusaku had feeling for Rin but could not marry her as she worked at the red light district.

7. What do you think the meaning of her right arm?

Suzu’s right hand represents all the memories she had that we special connected to important people in her life. I also think her right arm represents the best of someone; as Suzu seemed only talented at drawing. The meaning of the arm may be that even if you lose the best part of you, you should continue to live.

8. My grandfather who just passed away was 100 years old. He was 1 km away from the ground zero. My grandmother was in Kure and she saw the mushroom cloud like Suzu saw. Do you have similar story in your family? If you do (would have), can you see the historical facts differently or not? Explain the reasons why you think so.

My family fled during the Vietnam War, it is similar as the Vietnamese fought with Americans but with each other as well. I think I would see historical facts differently because the stories were told through the eyes of someone who experienced it. Stories of air raids and mushroom clouds and trying to flee the country. Rather than certain specific events that history tells, the stories told are the bloody battles and loss of family members.

9. What Japanese key concepts that you have learned before (other than current 4 concepts) did you see in this movie? Explain why you think so.

I saw ganbaru as Suzu does a lot of the chores and cooks for her new family. Although she cannot do many things properly, she tries to continuously to improve.

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Blog #15

Iitoko-Dori

“Although the Japanese were eager to adopt aspects of western culture, especially in terms of science and business, they do not recognize that using technology blindly” (pg 129).

I can agree to this as going blindly with new technology can have unfavorable consequences. Though in the modern world of today, technology is improving so rapidly where companies need to upgrade in order to be competitive. I feel it is best to research properly to maximize productivity while minimizing error; which I feel that the Japanese operate as well.

“Even if they know that bullying is wrong, they are not willing to stand up for their beliefs, because they are afraid of speaking out individually without a group consensus to back them” (pg 130).

This makes me feel sad as nobody stand up for their beliefs. At the same time these types of situations create a negative stereotype that Japanese can’t think for themselves; as they must have approval of others. It’s the opposite in America as we strive to do the right thing and back our values, regardless of the opinion of others.

Ikuji

“One is the tendency in Japan for behaviour to be “learned by imitation of parents rather than by linguistics analytical explanation” ��� (pg 135).

I feel that the Japanese way restricts the development of a child’s own unique personality. Instead I feel like creates a small clone of the mother, as it imitates the mother’s behavior. I don’t have kids so I would not know how to properly raise a child or which techniques are best, but I would like my child to be his or her self; rather than copy my traits and attitudes.

“Azuma found that when children were disobedient, Japanese mothers tended to give in to them, where as  American mothers were more confrontational and placed more emphasis on parental authority” (pg 136).

I feel like in America, we hold a hierarchy structure in a household where parents tend to be at the top while children are below them. This is because parents work for money in order to provide basic essentials to live, thus should be respected. Americans do not like losing power or be seen on the same level as children, therefore they assert their authority more over than the Japanese. I feel like when Japanese mothers give in, it spoils children to not know how to reserve themselves, but is ironic because Japanese people tend to be very reserved.

Ryosaikenbo

“In fact, even though more than half of married women today are working, the ideal of ryosakenbo continues to be influential” (pg 180)

I feel like this statement is contradictory to Iitoko-Dori. Although it does not relate to business or science, I feel like more customs would be more accepted that the idea of a housewife maybe soon a thing of the past. As housing gets more expensive and additional cost of living rises it’s difficult for a man to be the only source of income. Therefor I would have thought that Japanese men would be more understanding and set aside the idea of Ryosaikenbo.

“Furthermore more and more women are working without getting married because they know that it is hard to do both a job and housework well. These attitudes are also responsible for the rising divorce rate, as well as a reduction in the birthrate” (pg 180).

I feel like this is the main problem of high divorce rates and now birthrate in Japan. This is because Japanese men can not let go of outdated traditions, yet they are able to let go of other traditions easier. I am supportive of women becoming independent and breaking stereotypes, yet there should be compromise in order to sustain the Japanese population.

Danjyo Kankei

“If they stay single and pass through tekireiki, they are often called urenokori, which usually indicates a situation where goods or vegetables are left unsold” (pg 64).

I think this is a dumb concept to base women for their age rather than other traits like personality. This goes in hand with the other concepts Ryosaikenbo, as women are not interested in men more as they want to advance their career, at the same time men are too picky with outdated concepts for dating or marriage.  It’s as if the Japanese men know their population problems, yet refusing to part with old ideologies.

“Recently such men are accused of being sodai-gomi, meaning “large-size garbage”, because when they are off work they just loaf around at home” (pg 67).`

My perception of marriage is a two way  street, as one individual can not do all the work to maintain the household. It should be a compromise and teamwork, therefore I can sympathize with the slang for lazy men because it makes sense. If a women were to make more money than the man would the roles switch?

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Blog #14

Section 2

2.1)

For aimai do you listen to certain keywords or different tones in conversations to interpret a conversation, or is there body language you put into consideration as well?

2.2)

What is your view on Wabi Sabi? Do you feel that the view of what is considered Wabi Sabi changes among different generations of people or is the view universally the same for everyone?

2.3)

What is your major and what do you expect to become with your major?

2.4)

What do you do on your free time?

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Blog #13

B#13-Questions 4 Wind

1. Considering Nemawashi, the textbook mentions that “important decisions have been made well in advance through the process of Nemawashi” (p.161).  Did you find a scene that explained it well? Describe the scene and write reasons why you think so.

The scene in which Jiro has multiple meets with the board of Mitsubishi and the officers of the Navy. In order for Jiro to design planes for the Navy, he must receive the approval of the company to work with this client. Once it was all agreed, Jiro began to design the model best fitted for the Navy and its uses.

2. Considering Sempai and Kohai, Sonkeigo, Kenjyogo, and Teineigo expressions are shown in the oral conversation. However, nowadays it is shown by attitudes how to interact with other people (sempai to kohai /kohai to sempai), for example “third year students have great power in junior high and senior high schools” (p.191).  Watch the relationships between characters and describe the relationships that explain Sempai-Kohai relationships well.

The relationship between Jiro and Honjo seems more of a Sempai to Kohai rather than just friends. To me, Honjo gives orders or talks the most while Jiro tends to listen and following along Honjo. Although Jiro does respond to Honjo it usually yes and no or short answers in a respectful tone.

3. When Jiro asked Kurokawa to borrow his in-law-suite in order to spend time with Naoko, Kurokawa said “I can hardly approve of an unmarried couple living together”. Which Japanese concepts Kurokawa depended on to say that? Write the reasons why you think so.

The concept that best describes KuroKawa phrase was haragei. Although he disapproved of Naoko staying over under the same roof as Jiro even though they were not married, he was hoping that Jiro would read between the lines.  Although Kurokawa did not explicitly say no, he gave a response of that was more of an opinion rather than clear cut answer. The phase “I can hardly approve” implies that it may be a far stretch for his approval but there is still a chance of an approval.

4. Considering Omiai, Obviously Jiro and Naoko were not Omiai. If their situation were Omiai, do you think they would have married? Because of their love, Jiro ended up to be a widower. Is this happy ending for him or not? Explain why you think so.

I believe Jiro and Naoko would have been married even if they were Omiai. Even though it was sad that Jiro become a widower, I believe this is a happy ending for him as he was able to spend time and experience love with Naoko. I believe it was best for him experience love rather than only focusing on pursuing his dreams.

5. Considering Nemawashi, the textbook mentioned “It is particularly difficult to take a totally opposite stance in Japan since opinions and emotions are often taken together as a whole” (p.161). It seems a little different in the movie when Jiro had a meeting to discuss the newest airplane” Why do you think it is different from what the textbook described? Think about the relationships between people in the meeting.

I feel like the situation is different as Mitsubishi wants to work with large client as the Navy. The navy can be a continuous customer requesting planes from the company, if Jiro’s design for a new airplane model is successful. Everything seems to be agreed before hand though as the Navy just want a well functioning metal airplane, as the company wishes to gain large profits. These were all wants already and the only thing needed was Jiro, who already desired to design the airplane. This scenario was different to Nemawashi because there was really no foreground to lay but it seemed everyone was already agreed for their wants and needs.

6. Movie—What did Naoko do when her health got really bad?

Naoko returned to the sanatorium and left letters behind for Jiro, Kayon and most likely the Kurokawa family. She left because she wanted Jiro to remember her in the best light possible and not burden him with her inevitable death.

7. Movie—What did Naoko say in Jiro’s last dream with Mr. Caproni? Why do you think she says that to Jiro?

Naoko says to Jiro that he must live on. I believe she states that because she wants him to live a full life and continue to move forward, despite losing a loved one. Although Jiro’s dream came true of designing a well made airplane, Naoko might imply he should continue to pursue dreams higher and perfect the design of an airplane.

8. Jiro ended up creating his Zero fighter airplane used for the War. If you were Jiro, would you pursue your dream even if it would use for the bad situation?

Yes I would still continue to my dream because good can also come from my creation. I would say any invention could be misused and turned into a bad situation, yet that would not discourage me to continue. My designs could be improved and inspire others to pursue the same dream, just as Jiro was inspired by Giovanni Battista Caproni.

9. What Japanese key concepts that we have learned before (other than current 3 concepts) did you see in this film? Explain why you think so.

The concept of the Do Spirit was seen as Jiro continuously tried to to perfect a design of an airplane throughout the movie. He tried to emulate the curve of a marcel bone and the smoothness of gliding from a paper airplane Jiro created. Jiro kept working on different techniques and implications until he created the fighter Zero airplane.

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Blog #12

NemaWashi

“First, the Japanese generally decide things by unanimous agreement. Although the boss has nominal decision-making power, in fact, everyone must agree” (pg 161).

I don’t think this is an efficient way of conducting business because this process seems to longer to come to a decision. If a company waits too long with coming to a unanimous agreement, other companies could potentially release their product first. Thus forcing the company to redesign or looked upon bandwagoning the product. There is much more work into aligning people to be on board with  proposals. Even if groundwork is laid, it does not guarantee the opposition will agree to a decision during a meeting, thus being deceitful. I can see how running a meeting as smoothly as possible but raising questions and criticising can be an important role to ensure all measures are considered. For if  a whole meeting room is overconfident with a decision, small flaws may slip which could cost the company more than the original plan. I feel that it is best to have a boss to side with a decision based on what is best for the company rather than waiting till everyone agrees on a plan where as in a meeting multiple problems could be addressed and create solutions.

“Nemawashi is widely used in Japan, but it often has a dark and negative image since it takes place behind the scenes” (pg. 162).

This concept reminds me of the slang term American’s use called “brown-nosing” or better known as ass-kissing. Of course employees must kiss up to up management to get proposals through, its the same for generally the rest of the world. It is very common with international business as well to wine and dine potential business partners; this method is to be in good standing with others. If Nemawashi is used throughout the company in which all members of the board unanimously agree, then everyone must have been treated the same. Although it is behind the scenes of an actual business meeting, it is not hidden from what employees are doing as this concept is so common for the rest of the world.

Sempai-Kohai

“In Japanese companies in particular, people put more emphasis on age than ability because the system of wages and promotions is based on seniority rules” (pg 188).

In the world today, technology is rapidly evolving, and thus new programs and methods arise to becoming more efficient. Many times the older generation refuse to adapt to change, which can hinder a company's growth. I believe that ability should be emphasised more than age, due to the fact that the amount of knowledge one has does not equivalent to their age.

I feel the best employees are those who are flexible and willing to learn new techniques in order to maximize efficiency within a company.

“When people talk to superiors they use keigo (honorific) language” (pg 189).

I believe that talking to everyone politely within a company is standard policy, yet to be respected should be earned based on the person’s perspective.  I’m sure the Japanese feel the same, even if they use honorifics, they could not respect the person they are talking to. Anyone can fabricate emotions, thus can we truly trust those that talk to us that use honorifics.

Omiai

“It cost less money finding a marriage partner through omiai than using a marriage agency” (pg 166).

Now that there are many mobile apps for dating and all, I would not find it hard to believe there are apps for finding a marriage partner as well. This could be even cheaper than Omiai agencies where they set up meeting and hold profiles. I can understand that people have jobs and it is difficult to find the time to go out and find a suitable partner; in addition to the whole dating process. Yet arrange marriages seem to just escape the social pressure of the Japan, thus little to no love is involved; which does not help the low birth rate of Japan. If there is no love then who do you expect these two people to create and raise a child or children together.

“Women who do not want to marry an eldest son and live with their husband’s family can find other suitable partners” (pg 167).

Though it may be hard to break away from traditions, but if Japan wants to raise its birth rates, they must make it more acceptable to not allow parents to live with the eldest son. Though this is a harsh idea, we have come to an age where there are care facilities for old folks, and even some can take care of themselves. These concepts of allowing parents to live on their own is no stranger to America; though it is not uncommon for parents to live with their children as well. It is fine to be selective with partners but to turn away suitable partners based on this one tradition, will slowly dwindle pure Japanese bloodlines as more mixed races will increase.

Haragei

“Haragei is used in business and politics as a deceitful means of communication in which people hide their real motives in order to gain power and advantage” (pg 103).

This type of communication has existed for centuries in the world of politics, therefore it should not be a surprise that there are alternative motives involved with people. It should be the people’s responsibility to be more responsible to research or investigate other intentions for those who wish to rise in power. America is facing this issue right now as many are sceptical of every action and bill president Donald Trump is proposing and approving. Although it is easy to hide one’s true motives and all, it should be the people’s ability to see through deceit and act accordingly.  

“For example, if someone wants to go out to eat sushi and asks a friend to go along, and this friend actually does not want to go but thinks it rude to refuse the invitation, he or she may say yes hesitatingly, expecting that this reticence will be noticed” (pg 104).

This could be very confusing to many individuals because noticing body language can be difficult. To expect any sign of reticence will be notice is equivalent to taking a chance. Unless it is directly stated that you do not wish to eat at a specific place or to go anywhere for that matter, you are taking a chance the other person will noticed. However to refuse an offer and not be to be rude is an easy task as well depending on how it is said. Such as “Thanks for the invitation but I already had plans to eat else where, perhaps another time”. I feel like Americans are very flexible and will go to places with or without invited company.

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Blog #11

I do consider myself as an American because I was born into this country and have lived here my entire life. But believe that you do not have to be born in this country or have citizenship to be considered American. I say this is because there are others from different countries that join our military to become a citizen. One does not put their life on the line for the defense of this country for nothing. Therefor whether an individual was born in the United States or not does not define a person as an American. To be an American, in my belief, is to have the general mindset of an American. Though this is a broad statement because the United States is a large country with wide range of people of different nationalities. Each state has their own customs and traditions and overall lifestyle, but to accustomed to living and being involved within a community is a value I put on being American. To be accustomed to coexisting with others and having an open mind is a value of being American. Though there are regions that do not share the same belief, I believe the overall country shares this mindset, that people come from various backgrounds, but we treat everyone the same. Although the United States is far from a perfect state, I believe to be have pride for this nation is another value of being American. I have traveled around to many countries in my lifetime but where I want to live would be America. Mainly because of the American dream where anyone could be successful through any means, such as music, art, skills, education, ingenuity.  The limit is endless for what people have created into a successful business, the American dream is a large aspect to being American. This drive allows us to push towards our goals and to create something helpful or lucrative. This aspect is a virtue of mine as an American because I have failed in multiple aspects in life and changed in various paths trying to find my own success. Though it has been a long journey I continue to strive in what I work towards a better future for myself.  This drive does not come with an expectation from family or peers rather it is my own benefit, and many other Americans share this same attitude.

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Blog #10

1.  Today’s Japan is very much like the West. The Japanese wear jeans and T-shirts, listen to Hip Hop, dance at the club to the dance music, sit on the couch, etc.  In modern Japan, geisha in Kyoto Gion district symbolize the old, traditional Japan. What kind of arts and lifestyle of traditional Japan does geisha, “a person of art,” maintain and practice?

           As for art, I believe modern geisha still practice the old traditions, Such as writing poetry, flower arrangement, tea ceremony, calligraphy, dance and be able to play  shamisen or the flute. As for lifestyle, I feel like this maybe a night job where it is rare for people to come visit. It maybe more appealing to tourist and therefore receive money from this but not enough to support oneself.

2.   Considering Bigaku, the Japanese sense of aware means “people are aware of the beauty of full blossoms, of course, but are more touched and deeply moved when these blooms are falling or beginning to wilt” (p.37). Can you find a moment in which you can relate to this Japanese aware in your life? Describe your example and experience. Explain the reasons why you think so.

           I do not believe that i can relate to Bigaku, similar to the Japanese. I would say though the fall season in Ohio is the closest thing I would consider. During this time the leaves all over the state begin to turn shades of orange and red, which is beautiful to see. The changing of color indicate that the leaves are dying, though I am not touched or deeply moved through nature.  The multi colors as you pass by makes me appreciate the season, compared to California where it is rare to see this type of seasonal change.  

3.   Comparing with the other Japanese films we have watched in this class, in Memoirs of Geisha, do you think it lost ma or aware because they speak English? Why? Why not? Explain the reasons why you think so.

             I do believe there is a lost in ma because this is an English film. The pace of the film steady and therefore rarely do I sense a meaningful silence during the film. I believe since American are not familiar with the concept of ma where it would just seem that scene is just dragging on.

4.   Considering Kisetsu, are there any events (e.g. Tanabata, Omisoka, etc) where you appreciate Kisetsu in the U.S.?  Find one and explain what it is. If you were Japanese, how would you enjoy the events differently from Americans.

           As an American, I do not believe there are any events where I would appreciate Kisetsu. There is the Rose Bowl Parade in California, where floats decorated in flowers go down a street, but I do not get a sense of appreciation for the season rather than just the beauty of flowers. I have not lived in an area where there is a season fruit or flower that is special to the local region and should be something to go out and see. As a Japanese I would be more of a tourist only to go see certain events that depict nature and the seasons, compared to the American me as I rarely go out of my way to go.

5.   Considering Otogibanashi, in the film, can you discover “sense of emotional beauty, of a feeling of aware, which embodied in feelings such as patience and pity” (p.172). Describe the film and explain why you think so.

           One scene in which I consider to embody patience and pity was when Chiyo is about to have sex with Dr. Crab. Chiyo shows patiences as she accepts what she must do, and the emotion I feel is pity on her as she must go through this. Also the name Dr. Crab seems to fit the animal role of an Otogibanashi.

6.   Explain Wabi-Sabi with your own words. Compare the sense of aesthetics in your country with the notion of Wabi-Sabi in Japan.

           To me, Wabi-Sabi means to find beauty and elegance in the simplest of things; whether it be an action or art. To compare the senses of aesthetics in America is difficult because everyone’s taste and perspective is different, compared to the Japanese where there seems to be a universal agreement on what is considered Wabi-Sabi or not. There are paintings where the image is simple and immediately know what the painting is depicting. However if the art is too simplistic, just as a blue box in a black background, I would not know the appreciation or the emotions it conveys to me. Thus Wabi-Sabi is subjective in America compared to Japan where it is a collective agreement on beauty.

7.   In the film, what scenes do you see Wabi-Sabi? Describe the scenes and explain why you think so.

            The scene in which Chiyo is performing the lead in a dance. During the dance, the other dancers had simple and graceful movement with the fans and other objects that the held. There were no flashy movements, as if the dance were to hypnotise the crowd. I believe the dances of geishas embody the concept of Wabi-Sabi.

8. Movie- how did Hatsumomo end up? What is the relationship between Sayuri and Chairman at the end? Do you think Sayuri is happy about the her life or not? Why do you think so?

           Hatsumomo ends up leaving the house and disappearing to be never seen again.  Sayuri and the Chairman end up together but Sayuri states that she can only become his “half wife”.  I do believe Sayuri is happy about her life because she was able to be by the Chairman’s side and that her prayers were answered.

9. Movie-Who did Okaasan adapt? What do you think Pumpkin’s life?

           Okaasan adapt Chiyo before World War II began. Pumpkin seems to be happier on her own and with no one controlling her. She has picked up the slang of American, and even some mannerisms as well. Although she still like a geisha, her methods of entertainment have changed due to the fact that her clientele are mainly American soldiers.

10. What Japanese key concepts that we have learned did you see in this film? Explain why you think so.

           One key concepts that I felt were used during this film was Kisetsu, because of scene in which the Baron had a cherry blossom viewing. The fan dance of geishas were felt simple and elegant thus making me think of Wabi-Sabi.  Mastering other crafts that geishas perform and continuously practicing reminded me of the Do Spirit; at the same time gambari. The relationship between Chiyo and Mameha was a Giri concept, as Mameha acted as her big sister.

11. What do you think about the movie overall? Share your personal opinions.

           I like this movie yet because it was American made, I can not help there were misrepresentations of Japanese people. Though knowing that this was an adaptation of the book, I assume that more important details pertaining social interactions of the Japanese may have been left out.

[andrewpham-blog1]

Blog #9

Bigaku

“In Western art, people try to construct something of beauty with a logic of what is beautiful. In contrast, Japanese art focuses not on what is logically considered beautiful, but on what people feel is beautiful” (pg. 37).

In traditional Western art, I would agree that the artwork tries to construct beauty through what is already considered beautiful. Yet modern art can be obscure and may be closer to the Japanese concept of Bigaku; in the sense of allowing the viewer to feel the emotions of the art. Although modern art may not follow the same style or idea of Bigaku, Bigaku allows every individual to interpret the artwork in their own perspective thus the artwork will always be obscure.

“Perhaps the modern Japanese are now trying to continue this process of “creating something new and valuable of their own” but the young in particular are often found blindly imitating the Western world” (pg. 38).

I do not necessarily believe the statement that young japanese folks blindly imitating the Western world. With the access to the world through the internet, past and present,  there is a vast pool of inspiration one can pull from. The word imitating does not sit right with me because I believe that everyone is creating something new and valuable of their own. The work may be imitations but also could be original and value is subjective; therefore not important.

Kisetsu

“When the cherry blossoms are in full bloom, colleagues and friends go out all over the country to parks for flower viewing parties, where they eat box lunches(bento) and drink under the cherry trees” (pg. 155).

I believe some states hold their own flower festivals, but it is not celebrated on a national scale as Japan. These events are more to do on one’s freetime, yet the appreciation for nature is still present. I question if people in Japan go have picnics even when the cherry blossoms are not in full bloom, as Americans just have picnics on the occasion of nice weather.

“To experience the beauty of the seasons, to see flowers in full bloom, to watch fireflies darting above the water, to enjoy the beautiful colors of autumn, most people have to go to the outskirts of their cities” (pg. 157).

With the modernization of the world, people are moving towards convenience and efficient lifestyles, thus moving away from nature and into cities. I grew up in southern California, so there was very little nature to appreciate and the seasons remained about  the same. With palm trees everywhere and the weather being constantly warm, it was rare to notice an actual seasonal change. The only time I would be able to see real nature was when my family took me to go camping five to six hours away from my home. Therefore I can understand the duality of wanting the appreciation of nature and convenient lifestyle.

Otogibanashi

“Folktales also reflect the national characteristics of a people, and in Japanese folktales, we can discover the Japanese sense of beauty, both in nature and in the form of emotional beauty” (pg. 175).

America does not have many if any folktales, many are nursery rhymes or tales that teach lessons in a direct manner. The only American folktale that I know and believe to be the most popular folktale is the story of Paul Bunyan. Many stories that are often told to children in America are rewritten stories of other countries. Most if not all American told stories end with a happy ending unlike the Japanese where there are unhappy endings.  

“Generally, these stories all develop in the same basic way….The relationship between themselves and the animals is not clearly defined, and in the end, they choose a way of living in harmony with nature, but in a rather vague fashion, which means maintaining some kind of distance” (pg. 174).

I feel like if all stories were conducted the same then the lesson or ending becomes predictable. Although the endings may be different, this linear formula seems boring. Though I can understand if the animals are each different with their own unique tendencies and personalities, thus representing a certain aspect of nature. But to always to relate to nature seems overused, thus I prefer more Westernized folktales as they have a variety of elements. With explicit morals as well, I can appreciate it through a child’s standpoint because I can determine a moral on my own; rather than a more complex interpretation of a Japanese folktale.

Wabi-Sabi

“As a result of modern materialism, many Japanese today esteem only the surface value  of things and cannot recognize the unseen behind the other world” (pg. 229).

Modern materialism has changed how people set value on objects. Value to me is what someone would consider a price or worth to that object. Certain things that are practical or useful could possible be valued more than an well made vase. There is also a point where people use objects to put on air of their wealth and superiority. Therefore the taste in objects with an unseen value diminish, because people wish to see an immediate response of others.

“Although millions of people continue to learn calligraphy, tea ceremony, and flower arrangement, most do so not to develop their own distinct inner sense of beauty but simply as an imitation of models” (pg. 229).

I feel like learning calligraphy, tea ceremonies and flower arrangement have become hobbies rather than an actual practical skill to learn. With machines allowing us to type any message clearly and able to edit text freely, it seems unnecessary to write or create new works of art. Although tea ceremonies seem to be used only for special events rather than everyday arrangements. As people continue to move towards the modern technology these skills seem to only be appreciated by those that truely care of continuing these traditions.

[andrewpham-blog1]

Blog #8

Blog #8-Questions to Zero

1. Considering The Do Spirits of Japan, Zen Buddhism is “ So thoroughly integrated into the Japanese psyche…” (p.73). What kinds of aspects did you see in the film? Explain the reason why you think so.

I saw a strong sense of nationalism during this film as a deeply rooted aspect in the film. During the beginning, when Kentaro and Keiko went to interview a few veterans. The veteran’s showed deep devotion to the imperial army as they talked downed on Miyabe. After many years have passed since the war, some war veterans still had the same mentality of sacrificing oneself to the imperial army since the start of the war. As they continue to show scorn as they talked about Miyabe wanting to try his best to survive the whole duration of the war.

2. Movie—Considering Hedataru to Najimu, what was the relationship between Kentaro, Keko and Kageura the first time they met? Why do you think Kageura act like that?

The relationship between Kentaro and Keiko when they first met Kageura was very distant. I am unsure if Kentaro and Keiko showed much sign of Hedataru to Najimu as sign of respect of personal space versus they were intimidated by the atmosphere of Kageura. Kaeura has allowed these two strangers claiming to be Miyabe’s grandchildren asking for information about him. But I believe Kageura acted like that because Kentaro made assumptions of his grandfather of being a coward, before hearing Kageura’s perspective.  Kageura had a much respect for Miyabe, and if the children had already made assumptions of their grandfather, then what was the point of telling them a different perspective; therefore the reason Kageura kicked them out.

3.Movie— Considering Bushido, what is the perspective of old people (Hasegawa,etc) toward Miyabe? What word did they use to describe Miyabe and why did they use the word.  

They old people showed disdain and hatred for Miyabe. The common words used to describe Miyabe were mainly traitor and coward. I believe they called Miyabe a traitor because he did not fully commit to the imperial army, thus costing many lives of the elders comrades. As for being called a coward, is because Miyabe has a strong sense to live rather than following the sacrificing oneself towards the greater good ideology.

4. Movie—Considering Hedataru to Najimu and Shudan Ishiki, the sense of “uchi to soto” is more reinforced. What was Miyabe’s situation in the Kamikaze (around 1914). Think about the relationship between Miyabe and Izaki and answer the question and explain why you think so.

Miyabe situation in the Kamikaze was that he wanted to stay alive as long as possible; in order to return to his family.  When Izaki first heard of this, he showed discontent to Miyabe and thus considered him as soto. But during the scene where Izaki was upset with  Miyabe about not allowing their comrade to die with honor; Miyabe asked Izaki if anyone would miss him if he were to die. At this point Izaki understood the reason why Miyabe’s logic of living and realizes the importance of living for others. This understanding brought Izaki closer to Miyabe, and Miyabe would be considered uchi.

5. Movie—Miyabe said to Izaki, “I don’t want to die” and Izaki felt an “intense loathing”. Why is that? Use the Japanese key concepts and explain why you think so.  

Izaki said he felt intense loathing because Izaki was under the ideology of all for the imperial army. The concept of Bushido of loyalty to the Imperial army and dieing in battle with honor were ingrained into the Japanese. Thus the words of Miyabe offended Izaki because it did not aline with everyone else’s principles.

6. Considering Shudan Ishiki, what is the negative effect of groupism in this film?  Explain it comparing with Kamikaze and suicide bombers.

The negative effect of groupism is that many did not speak their opinion thus going along with the orders they are given. In the Kamikaze, the soldiers had to sign a paper stating that they volunteered for the mission, and if any were to refuse would be shunned.  

7. What is the connection between this film and “The Last Ronin”?  Do you see “bushido” in this film? How do you think it affected this war? Explain the reasons.

I believed Absolute Zero showed a form of bushido from the Japanese soldiers. The concept of bushido was twisted into a delusion that many soldiers believed in. I believe that the Japanese soldiers were willingly to do any task given to them if they believed that it was for the greater good of the Imperial army. The volunteer papers were like a joke because the soldiers almost had no choice to accept verse they lived by this code to fully serve the Imperial Army.

8. Considering Haragei, Haragei related to Amae, Aimai, and Honne to Tatemae, etc “~concepts are important in maintaining face and not hurting the feelings of others” (p.104). Did you see Haragei in this situation, the war? Did you see Haragei more because the situation is the war? Find the scenes and explain why you think so.

There were a few scenes that depicted Haragei during the war. Due to the situation of war, I saw Haragei used more because others did not want to diminish the moral of the overall army.  A scene that depicted Haragei was when Miyabe was calculating the distance of where the planes were traveling to and stated that they were not going to make it back. This infuriated one of the soldiers stating that it was bad for moral and punched Miyabe. The idea of maintaining face in the front of battle and not hurting everyone else's feelings because it is not guaranteed that they will all come back home safely.

9. Movie- To whom did Miyabe switch the plane and why did he do it?

Miyabe switched with Kenichiro because he knew his airplane had problems. I believe that since Kenichiro saved Miyabe’s life in the past, Miyabe would return the favor. Therefore once Kenichiro’s airplane showed signs of problems, he was forced to return allowing him to live another day.

10. Who do you think the person who saved Matsuno with bloody sword was?  

I believe the man the man that saved Matsuno was Kageura. In the beginning of the movie at Kageura’s house there was a focus on a sword, thus normally foreshadowing some sort of meaning.

11. Considering the prior concepts we learned in our classes, which one did you see in this film? Explain why you think so.

I saw bushido during this film, as many Imperial pilots were unflinching to the war efforts. Many did not question the consequences of the actions as a strict devotion to the Imperial Army. Also they only considered honor through death on the battlefield.

12. What do you learn from this film? Tell us the most striking fact from the film.

I learned that the Japanese's culture during the time was very linear and rigid; thus so ingrained to what is considered acceptable that it could be twisted for other purposes. During this war many pilots had the impression honor through death, this was  uncomfortable for me to see so many had this thought process. I consider life precious and therefore should not be regarded as a second priority.

[andrewpham-blog1]

Blog #7

Japanese Blog #7

Andrew Pham

Hedataru to Najimu

“The Japanese have an ability to get on well together by keeping distance...Koreans, on the other hand , immediately shake hands because they do not feel familiarity unless they touch each other” (pg. 110).

The Korean ideology of not feeling familiarity unless they touch each other can apply the same to western culture. In American it is very common to shake hands when meeting someone new, yet it is common that many go beyond the handshake and perform a hug as well. The close interaction shows comfort and trust and therefore can create friendships rapidly, rather than going through a process of friendship. Because I born into American culture, I also offer handshakes to new acquaintances and hugs to long time friends. Yet I would not be uncomfortable if a new acquaintance offered a hug to me.  However in family events involving aunts and uncles, I have been culturally trained to bow as a greeting to relatives older than I as a sign of respect.

“In Japan, relationships are not built by insisting strongly on one’s own point of view but require time, a reserved attitude, and patience” (pg. 109).

In western culture strong friendships can be forged within a day. Because American tend not to restrict or distance themselves from others, we are able to easily approach one another.

Often strong bonds come from common interest and allow acquaintances to easily integrate into groups.  Though strong friendship does takes patience and time, however American usually do not take the time to see if the other person is a perfect match to his or her standards. Rather we work out differences and move forwards, even when friendships end.

Shudan Ishiki

“In Japanese society, people are primarily group-oriented and give more priority to group harmony than to individuals” (pg. 195).

In my personal experience, I follow this same concept when interacting with groups of friends. I am a person who tends to just follow along with others, being very flexible to whatever activities the group chooses. Yet in American culture, the mindset of individualism allows individuals to stand up or object to the majority of the group. Many times American’s tend to simply separate from the group rather than forcing oneself to continue going along with the group.

“Unlike in Western countries, Japan is a society in which conciliatory, cooperative attitudes are more highly valued than strong, unyielding insistence” (pg 195).

I feel this is an untrue statement of western culture. A majority must agree and cooperate with each other in order to maintain as a group. The idea of strong, unyielding insistence projects the wrong idea of one individual ruling over a mass of people. Perhaps the insistence comes from wanting to show others a good experience the once had or enjoyed doing. Or it could be where one just suggest an option and the rest of the group complies just to move forward rather than waiting for a collective vote on what to do.

The Do Spirit of Japan

“Perfecting the pattern of form (kanzen shugi): the beauty of perfection” (pg. 75).

To me there is a respectable quality in perfecting any action, whether it be arts, sports or everyday tasks. Yet in the scenario of a common quality in society, the actions lose the quality of beauty; rather it becomes a common skill. Take for example if a large group of people were to master the piano; each able to skillfully play. The value of mastering an instrument becomes diminished with each growing number of performers. The only difference between the groups is how fast one can grasp new material and knowledge of variety of songs. Therefore I see many trying to perfect multiple instruments in order to separate themselves and stand out more from the rest of the performers the world offers.

“Mastering the pattern or form, as well as the classification of ability en route to mastery, resulting in licensing and grades” (pg. 75).

I can agree that through mastering a pattern or ability will result in licensing or good grades. Yet I truly do not believe that mastering an ability is equivalent to proficiency. A student may earn good grades in school as he or she has mastered techniques for studying. Yet in the constantly evolving environment we know as earth, many are not able to apply the knowledge to skill. On the other hand, a student may do poorly in tests, yet may master the skill outside the school. The idea of memorizing a pattern limits one’s vision in creativity and not be able to apply the knowledge fully.

[andrewpham-blog1]

Blog #6

1. Considering Bushido, how did Magoza’s acting demonstrate Bushido? Choose two of his actions and explain the reasons.

The scene in which Magoza’s accepts his lord’s request to take care of Kane and her baby, instead of going to battle with other ronins. The strong sense of devotion to duty for one’s lord is a main factor to Bushido. Another scene in which Magazo embodies Bushido is when Magoza fought Kichiemon away from his home in order to keep secret of Kane. Magoza attempted to kill Kichiemon, even though they were personal friends in the past. Their friendship meant nothing to Magoza in the face of duty.

2. “Giri does not have an equivalent concept~” (p.95). What is the difference between Giri and the English word “obligation” Compare and explain the differences of each word.

In my own words, obligation means an action that one is bound to perform. While the definition of Giri is “behavior one is obliged to follow or that must be done against one’s will” (pg. 95). Although the terms have similar definitions, I believe Giri goes beyond just obligation. With obligation morals and determination can sway one’s decision before performing the action.  Yet with Giri, there is nothing but seeing to it that the action is done. Giri to me seems to be the extreme version of obligation on a sense of duty scale.

3. Considering Bushido and Giri, what are the differences between Giri and Bushido? Using scenes from the movie, explain both concepts.

In the scene where Magoza is talking to Kane about his duty to see to her happiness, Magoza tries to push Kane into marriage. Magoza sees Kane as a daughter and in my perspective Magoza would like to spend more time with her, yet he follows the orders of Kane’s late mother. As a warrior who follows his own set of rules must uphold his task. Giri, on the other hand, seems to be more of a social obligation or social standard of rules. In the scene where Magoza goes and cleans the grave of Oishi shows the social obligation to pay respect to his late master.

4. Considering the Japanese Ie system, what scenes of the movie represent this concept? Choose two scenes and explain the reasons.

A scene which represents the Ie system, is where Yu adopts Kane and raises her as own, teaching her about proper edicate, reading and writing. Although Kane is not technically adopted nor takes the name of Magoza or Yu, she is still considered family to both of them. The scene where Magoza goes and cleans the grave of Oishi is also falls into the category of the Ie system. The Ie system stated that people would worship their ancestors, yet Magoza lost his wife and had no children. Therefor the only person that was close enough to be considered family was his master.

5. Considering the Japanese Ie system, what kinds of conflicts/contradictions does this concept bring into the relationship between Magoza and Kane?

One conflict that the Ie system brings to the relationship between Magoza and Kane, is that Magoza tries to push Kane into marriage. Even though this upsets Kane, Magoza uses his father like presence to order Kane into marriage, yet this causes distance between the two.

6. Considering the Japanese Ie system, “51 percent of people think that men are treated better than women in the family, while 40 percent think that men and women are treated equally”(p.124). What do you think about it comparing with American culture. Use your experiences and explain the reasons why you think so.

Considering American culture consist of a wide range of ethnicities, each with their own customs. However I believe in today’s society, we see most families as men and women as being treated equal. Women are allowed to work and make difficult decisions for the family household just as men do. Traditionally in Asian family households, men are the dominate figure in which decided all decisions. Yet since my family no longers lives in Asia, we are no longer bound to such traditions and my parents have equal power or control of the household.

7. Among 3 concepts we learned in this session, what term does it fit to explain the following scene from the movie?

When Kichi heard that Magoza escaped from the important battle, Kichi was very confused and puzzled. Why was Kichi confused? Explain it using one of the concept and why you think so.

Bushido best describes the following scene, because everyone was prepared to fight and die for their fallen master. Mainly everyone was prepared to die in revenge, therefore Kichi was expecting Magoza to prepare for the battle as well. Kichi knew Magoza had no wife and children, therefore Kichi expected Magoza had nothing to live for and not fear for the battle to come..

8. What do you think of Magoza’s acting at the end? Using citation from the textbook and guess the ending.

I think Magoza’s actions were very respectable in a sense that he was doing everything to ensure Kane happiness. When Kane got to the age of 16 Kane had to change his words and habits towards her, even though she is like a daughter to him. As for the ending I believe Kane will marry into the clothing merchants family and Magoza’s duty is finally fulfilled. Because of the concept Giri, which states “rules one has to obey in social relationships” (pg. 95), I believe this end because Kane was learning tea ceremonies and learning how to become a wife.

9. Considering the prior concepts we learned in our class, which concepts do they use  effectively in the film? Why do you think so?

Bushido was the concept that was effectively use in the film. It showed the audience the great lenghts and struggles one commits to duty under the warrior's code.  The sense of loyalty to one’s duty was seen throughout the film, and therefore I believe this concept best embodies the film from the concepts we learned in the past.  

10. Reflective inquiry— Share whatever you want to tell considering your personal perspective.

I thought this movie was quite interesting, yet the theater scenes where the man was singing was a bit drawn out. Perhaps it's because of the language barrier that I can not appreciate the lyrics; for all I know it could be poetry rather than just a story. Yet I disliked the those scenes because the singing was long drawn and frankly sounded bad in my ears. I was a bit repulsed that head of the clothing merchant wanted Kane as a concubine; even though this may have been ok back then.

[andrewpham-blog1]

Blog #5

Bushido

“Just before the fall of their castle, … the vassals decided that it would be regrettable if they were captured alive and had their names disgraced by their enemies. They decided to perform seppuku and leave their names to posterity” (pg. 46).

I can understand trying to save face though death. My grandfather on my mother’s side was a general in the Vietnam War fighting for the Republic of Vietnam. However as the Allied forces pulled out of Vietnam and the South was starting to lose the war. As the Viet Cong forces approached my grandfather’s base, he decided to shoot himself rather than allowing enemy forces to capture him. My grandfather wanted to his honor and not to be tortured by the enemy and therefore I can understand why the samurai's choose to do this act of seppuku. However, that is not the case today in American culture. We value life very highly and wish others to not choose death; as we have suicide prevention agencies and hotlines.

“However, the Japanese nation abused the concept of loyalty and produced fanatic patriots when it went to war against other countries in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They committed atrocities on innocent people in other countries, even though the samurai of olden times observed the proprieties and respected their enemies and one another” (pg. 47).

I can understand where a strong sense of nationalism can perpetuate soldiers to blindly performing horrific acts without remorse. Also looking at how there is a strong sense of wanting to be fitting into a group, I can understand few were just doing the acts just so they are not excluded or killed just for not following the rest of the group. This kind of mentality is very scary. In the American culture this is a slightly mixed opinion of loyalty to a nation. With a wide range of diverse people living there are only a small amount of people that devote extreme loyalty to the United States. Most are appreciative and love this nation, yet many are opposed to violence and tend to fight policies and politics on a daily basis.

Giri

“Many giri customs that came into being in the past continue to be important in Japanese life, though it may be difficult for those from other cultures to understand why the Japanese expend so much energy giving gifts and sending greeting cards, even when they may not really want to” (pg. 99).

I can understand the importance of gift giving, yet forcing one’s self to such effect eludes me. American culture has many events that keep gift giving year round. Although there are specific days where it is customary to give gifts to others, American’s do not wait for specific days for where it is acceptable present the gifts. Americans generally give gifts when we feel like it, and not just because it is out of social obligation. Normally when we do not want to do certain tasks or give gifts, we usually don’t act on it. Gift giving can be stressful as well and personally I have a difficult time finding the right gift.

“Giri… does not have an equivalent concept in English [although in Japan it is considered] the most valued standard in human relationships: master-subordinate, parent-child, husband-wife, brothers and sisters, friends and sometimes even enemies and business connections” (pg. 95).

It seems that type of human relationship that the Japanese value is that of one being superior to another. In American culture, we strive for equality among all. For the examples husband-wife, brothers and sisters and friends, Americans would not value one individual ranked higher than others and therefore we must follow them. In the work environment, the relationship of boss and employee are more clearly define, yet the terms master and subordinate does not fit right. I guess since in America employees have more work rights therefore it is not seen that context. But the only type listed above that make sense to me is the parent and child relationship.

The Japanese Ie System

“In this system, people worshiped their ancestors because it was believed that they provided the foundations of the existence of ie and looked after the family and guaranteed its welfare, and if people did not honor their ancestors, it was thought that they would be cursed” (pg. 120).

Although my family does not practice the Ie system, we do however practice the tradition of honoring our ancestors. My family and I would go to the Buddhist temple to go pray to our ancestors on certain days and holidays. We did not pray because we feared that we will get cursed, but we do so as a sign of respect to those that have passed. On the other hand, we do pray that our ancestors would watch over the family and help guide us when needed. I can understand the foundation of Ie System coming from Buddhism, yet the reasons for what is dictated as tradition are quite different.

“On the other hand, women still tend to avoid eldest sons when they marry, because the eldest son has to take care of his parents in the ie system”.

In American culture, most often people do not take care of their parents rather tend to look out for themselves first.  Many in America tend to send their parents to retirement homes because they cannot or refuse to take care of them. Although I am the oldest son of my family, I do want to take care of my parents and not because the pressures of an obligation. Though it saddens me to hear that women may not consider certain men on the basis of not wanting to deal with in-laws.

[andrewpham-blog1]

Blog #4

1. “Although the Japanese may not be conscious of aimai, its use is regarded as a virtue in Japan…” (p.9). In the film, find the scene that you think that aimai is regarded as a virtue and explain why you think so.

Kirishima and Endo are on the bus and talking about colleges. They ask each other where each will go to and both give answers of unsureness. Kirishima says a local college will be the easiest and she does not want to “worry” her parents. I believe Kirishima uses ambiguity to not seem like she has her life planned out or superior to Endo; who states she has no idea where she will go. KIrishima may have want to go to a local college but will not state it to spare Endo’s feelings.

2. Considering Aimai, you can see a lot in the relationship between Kirishima and Endo. Describe the scenes and explain why they use Aimai in the specific scene.

           In the scene where Kirishima asked Endo where she left without telling her mother, Endo responded with vague locations. Instead of telling the area Endo went to, she told Kirishima “To the sea, to the mountains, lots of places”. This ambiguity does not tell Kirishima whether if Endo had travelled far or just local.

3. What are the differences of schooling between Japan and US? Think about one Japanese key concept and explain it with the concept.

           One difference of schooling between Japan and the United States are teaching styles. In Japan, the classroom is quite while the teacher is at the desk lecutring about the subject. Students exhibit Chimmoko to express focus for the material and do not wish to stand out for interrupting the class.  Compared to American teaching styles, where it is common for instructors to attempt to engage the class with discussion, which can become rowdy at times. However, this style allows others to gain new perspectives on certain subjects, rather than only seeing it through the perspective of the instructor.

4. ```Considering Uchi to Soto, find the scene that you think that Uchi to Soto regarding the relationship between Kirishima and Nakano (Endo’s old friend)?

           The scene in which Nakano was first introduced, as she meets up with Endo as Endo and Kirishima were walking to school. In this scene, Endo introduced Kirishima to Nakano. Nakano just nods as a form of hello but does not say anything to Kirishima. As they walk to school as well Nakano does not speak to Kirishima rather only has a conversation with Endo. However, when Nakano talks to Endo, it seems to be as an informal manner and she also makes jokes with Endo. This scene shows the way people interact with acquaintances or strangers verses individuals that one are close to.

5. When Endo asked Kirishima whether she listened to the CD, Kirishima answered that it was difficult because it was English. However, she hadn’t listened yet and one second later, she told her the truth. What kind of Japanese concepts you have learned before did Kirishima used in the situation. Explain it with Japanese concepts and why YOU think so.

           The concept I believe that was used in this situation was Kenkyo. Kirishima did not want to hurt Endo’s feelings because she did not listen to the CD yet. Kirishima also wanted to become closer to Endo as a friend, thus lying in order to try to fit in with her. The CD was a recommendation from Endo, and therefore has some special value to her. I believe when Kirishima answered that it was difficult because it was in English, Endo’s face seemed to sadden a bit or the atmosphere around her seemed to express disappointment. Because of this Kirishima told the truth in order to balance out the harmony of the atmosphere.

6. Considering Chinmoku, what affect do you think Chinmoku in the whole movie gave to the audiences?

           I believe it gave a small window of reflectiveness during each scene throughout the movie. As each scene played out, it allows one to think about the situation or how they would approach the situation. However, this all depends on the type of audience, as an American, I can see that many American’s may not enjoy this movie because they do not understand Chinmoku. Thus, deeming this movie as dragged out or too slow to keep interest in. Without understanding some aspects of Japanese culture, one cannot truly appreciate this film.

 7. MOVIE—What kind of college did Kirishima go and where?

           Kirishima went to an art school in Tokyo.

8. MOVIE—What did Kirishima and Endo end up?

           Kirishima went to go to art school in Tokyo and pursuing her dreams. Kirishima and Endo wanted to live together as a couple when Kirishima went to college. However Endo, she stayed behind only sending Kirishima a video of the ocean where Kirishima first told Endo that she loves her.

9. What did you think about the ending of the movie? What kind of Japanese key concepts do they use and why?

           I thought it was sad because Endo did not believe in herself and did not go with with Kirishima. I would have thought it would have been a happy ending rather than a disappointing one. In the video that Endo sent, she videotaped herself walking to the beach and the ocean. I believe that concept used was Chimmoko because Endo did not want to say anything and allow the video to express her feelings. I believe that Endo wanted to convey that she still loves Kirishima and still thinks of her and by watching the video will Kirishima to remember her feelings for Endo.

10.Reflective inquiry—-How does your brain work in regard to watch this movie? What is the most difficult concept for you that was shown in film very well but you don’t understand? Why is that?

My brain seems to be impatient with the movie. Although I understand this is not an actions or comedy movie, the scenes seem to drag on and the instrumental noises used during the film only raised questions for me. Such as “Why am I hearing this flute with long pauses and no rhythm? Is there supposed to be a symbolic meaning to this or is it just added for filler?” Chimmoko is the most difficult concept for me to grasp in this film. Certain scenes are more obvious yet most of the time I believed that the characters were just thinking. The pace of the film was quite slow as well, therefore I thought the long pauses were just the pace of the film. The phase “think before you speak” is a concept I understand, yet it is difficult to know the difference when one is in deep thought verse using silence as an unspoken language or agreement.

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[andrewpham-blog1]

Blog #3

Aimai

“The Japanese think that it is impolite to speak openly on the assumption that their partner knows nothing. They like and value aimai because they think that it is unnecessary to speak clearly as long as their partner is knowledgeable. To express oneself distinctly carries the assumption that one's partner knows nothing, so clear expression can be considered impolite” (pg 11).

I can understand from a Japanese point of view to try not to act superior than others or arrogant. However what if other person or I was seeking advice, I would not like general statements of what is already known. I would prefer someone giving some of their knowledge or understand their point of view. American are very opinionated and many are not afraid to express their voice. It seems to be a recent cultural norm to become vocal about one's opinion in America.

“Aimai can result in misunderstandings, and people from other countries sometimes become irritated because the Japanese seem unable to answer yes or no directly” (pg 13).

I see how being ambiguous can protect one’s image and to be seen as polite as possible. However, when deciding one important decisions, I disagree it would be the time to use this type of speech. If I were hypothetically to talk to my significant other about my will, I would like define answers or disagreements. Rather than changing it constantly because I misunderstood or my wife wanted to change it because she did not have the heart to tell me earlier. In the world of business, especially international business, the Japanese acting polite does well to form new relations. Yet having no definite answer all the time will diminish or possible ruin the relationship and the Japanese business may go under.

Chinmoku

“[The Japanese] believe that the truth lies only in the inner realm as symbolically located in the heart or belly. Components of the outer self, such as face, mouth, spoken words, are in contrast, associated with cognitive and moral falsity. Truthfulness, sincerity, straightforwardness, or reliability are allied to reticence. Thus a man of few words is trusted more than a man of many words” (pg 52).

I agree to certain degree that when one talks you may have the ability to detect dishonesty or alternative motives. However I personally see silence as concealed thinking. In silence, one can analyze you and calculate what you would want to hear. No one is a mind reader, yet we can identify one’s motive through face expressions, hand gestures and diction of the speech. With this we can use our gut to feel if a person is genuine or not. With silence there is no way to know what the other party is thinking and to me indicates as plotting.

“Similarly, in a train, if people recognize that someone is being molested, they may not say anything to help the victim, because they are afraid of disapproval for their forward behavior, or simply because they are apathetic” (pg. 55).

In American culture, we are taught to speak up during these types of situations. We disregard the aftermath of others opinions, as we tend to look at the good one has done to save another. Its also often expressed on the news as heroism when one stops a situations of molestation, kidnapping or rape. I could not morally continue my day if I knew I could do something about a situation yet choose not to act upon it.

Uchi to Soto

“The family stays together most of the time and moves from one place to the next, depending on whether it is eating, relaxing, playing, or sleeping. Although this pattern tends to create family unity, it widens the gap between the family and outsiders” (pg. 218).

I find it difficult to believe that the Japanese try to keep the idea of strong family bonds, when most of the time the parents work hard till night. Therefore there is only a small amount of time for activities or time to be spent together. Though I can see the idea of trying to create a strong bond through the short amount of time spent. I prefer my family and friends to be relatively close rather than as separate as possible. My family goes on trips with their friends and its enjoy able to see my friends that tag along, therefore there is a sense of a larger family rather than a small one.

“Although legally protected against overt discrimination, burakumin still face severe prejudice. They are often refused employment in any but menial jobs” (pg. 219).

I disagree with the Japanese way of discrimination in business. In my personal experience, people of different cultures and backgrounds can have the potential to bring new skills and ideas to a business. If everyone in a certain business had the same mindset and thinking structure, problem solving or creating new and unique plans can possibly be a difficult task to accomplish. On the hand, team cohesion and getting along can be easier in this type of workplace.

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[andrewpham-blog1]

Blog #2

1.Considering Gambari, the textbook mentioned that “As Matsumoto (1994, p.142) also notes, in Japan working hard and straining when serious are considered to be good; it is neglectful not to try hard, and the ideal is to make an effort seriously, regardless of the results” (p.86). Describe how Jiro approaches his job with the relationship with his two sons.

Jiro continuously seeks improvement with his craft of creating sushi and wants his sons to follow in his footsteps. He trains his two sons harsher than the other apprentices because Jiro has high expectations for them. He allowed one of his sons to open his own sushi restaurant only after acknowledging he was skilled enough and knows that he will be successful.

2.  Considering Gambari, do you think Yoshikazu who is the oldest son will ever exceed his father, Jiro’s  gambari? Explain why you think so.

Perhaps not, because Jiro wanted his children to succeed in the sushi making business. The oldest son wanted to go to college but Jiro told him to work for the family business instead. There might be a large gap of passion between Jiro, who genuinely cares for his craft, versus the oldest son, who may be just following expectations.  Therefore may not exceed his father because of the possible lack of interest or passion.

3.  Considering Kenkyo, which scenes do you consider Kenkyo? Explain why you think so.

A scene that I consider Kenkyo is when Jiro explains that he does not feel like he has perfected or mastered the craft of sushi. Although he was spent more than 70 years work with sushi, Jiro is modest when speaking about his skill.

4.  Considering Kenkyo, when “Jiro” got Michelin’s 3 Stars, almost all Sushi was created by Yoshikazu. How important do you think Jiro is to the restaurant? Explain the reasons why you think so.

Jiro is an important role in the restaurant as he is the master chief. He supervises meticulously over his apprentices on handling each type of fish or seafood. Although Yoshikazu created almost all the sushi for the Michelin judges, it shows the skill that Jiro is able to teach others the skills necessary in providing superb quality sushi.

5.  Amae (dependence) is related to another characteristic of Japanese, Enryo (restraint) which stands alongside Amae in the Japanese human relationships. Is Amae present or is Enryo present in the relationship between Jiro and Takashi (the second son)? Use a scene in the movie that demonstrated this in order to explain your opinions.

I believe Amae is present in the relationship between Jiro and Takashi. In the scene where Jiro talks about his sons wanting to go to college. Instead of supporting their decision, he refused them to and told them they will work for the family business.  Jiro depends on his sons to take over the family business and continue the legacy of Jiro’s craft.

6. What is the advantage and disadvantage of Gambari in the U.S.? Explain why you think so.

An advantage of Gambari in the U.S, is that production and creativity may increase in the workplace if employers and employees encourage each other. At the same time the disadvantages of Gambari is the U.S, would mean overworked people. This may increase heart attack rates and strokes just like in Japan. Also labor laws would be changed for about breaks and strikes would occur more as people would want to be paid for the overtime they worked.

7. Write the BEST Jiro’s quote that shows Gambari very well. Why did you choose the specific quote?

The best quote Jiro says that shows Gambari is “Once you decide on your occupation… you must immerse yourself in your work. You have to fall in love with your work. Never complain about your job. You must dedicate your life to mastering your skill” (Jiro). I feel this best embodies Gambari as Jiro states one must dedicate his or her life into the job. To never to complain is similar to not giving up or to never become tired of the task. To master a skill takes time and effort, especially if the skill keeps expanding or the field evolves; thus one must constantly work in order to improve.

8. Reflective inquiry— Among the four concepts, which one is the most difficult to understand. Analyze why you think so comparing with your own experiences and American (or your country’s) standard.

Honne to Tatemae is the concept I have the most difficult with understanding. I understand to try not to hurt the other party’s feelings yet this run around or lying seems to complicate situations. If I were to ask a Japanese person where to eat, I am trying to be considerate by asking that person's preference. I am willing to try new foods and explore new restaurants, and would not like be asked what I like or an indefinite answer.