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About Me
I remember volunteering for a homeless/ low income based organization off of Maryland Parkway and talking to one of the attendees. I remember him telling me that he was once part of the Foster Care system and how much of an impact it made on his life. I was not familiar with the system and was filled with questions that I wanted to ask. Why were you in the system in the first place? How did your situation change your personality and well- being. What were the worst parts? When do you think your life will change for the better? He gave me tidbits and told me that he was not comfortable with saying more. I was so curious about his circumstances and differences that I omitted the fact that he was a human being and he has the right to being treated as such. I should not have treated him with disrespect and ignorance. Now, I want to learn and gain perspective from a community I will never fully understand.
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Foster Care Care of children on a full-time, temporary basis by persons other than their own parents. Also known as boarding-home care, foster care is intended to offer a supportive family environment to children whose natural parents cannot raise them because of the parents' physical or mental illness, the child's behavioral difficulties, or problems within the family environment, e.g., child abuse, alcoholism, extreme poverty, or crime. Such children are usually wards of the state. They may be placed by a state-approved agency in group homes, institutions (such as residential treatment centers), or with families who receive some payment toward care. The child's parents may retain their parental rights, and the child may ultimately return home. Under permanent foster care the agency has guardianship; the child may then be available for adoption by the foster parents or others.
Colombia Encyclopedia
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Definitions
Adoption- act by which the legal relation of parent and child is created.
Kinship Care- Children reside with relative caregivers, children in kinship care benefit from fewer placement changes; they are often less likely to be adopted and instead remain in guardianship care
Non-Kinship Care- representing almost half of children of in the child welfare system, children in non- kinship care are the responsibility of the state and are placed with recruited foster parents. Foster parents tend to be more educated, less affluent, and as diverse as the general public
Residential Treatment Centers/ Group Home- Children are more likely to have their parental rights terminated and least likely to be adopted when compared to other child welfare placements
Permanency- A child achieves permanency when they are either reunified with family, living with other relatives, living with a legal guardian, or legally adopted. Aging Out- A child within the child welfare system who has grown to the age where the state and the caregiver is no longer responsible for the child. In some states the age is 21 but most are at the age of 18
(Lockwood 2015)
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A statistical overview of the foster care system.
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Social–emotional well-being serves as the foundation for school-readiness skills. When compared to nonmaltreated peers, children with histories of maltreatment showed significantly greater maladaptive functioning, and these social and emotional problems are likely to permeate into all domains of school functioning, including behavioral and academic skills.
Palmieri, 2017
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School Life
Students in the foster care system are twice as likely to be absent from school, out of school suspension, more than three times as likely to receive special education services, and more than three times as likely to be expelled from school. Foster children face unique needs that are difficult to support within the realms of school. Children may lose a sense of community, familiarity, and culture. Behavioral difficulties inhibit the child’s ability to learn and cooperate with other. Foster children may have a lower frustration toleration. There is an increased school mobility when compared to children who are not in the system, more than half of foster children change schools when they first enter the system. A third have experienced more than five school changes before the age of 18 (Palmieri,Lauren E. 2017).
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Tara and Alistair
Tara and Alistair lead very different and very similar lives. Tara has a lasting and trusting relationship with her first foster parent. Tara lives with her child and pursues college. Tara has moved on from her birth family and set the ground rules for their relationship. Alistair has been through multiple homes and has left because he has felt out of place and even ostracized. Alistair has difficulty building trust with others and has a convoluted relationship with his family. Alistair had been admitted to a psychiatric hospital and has difficulty staying in one place. Alistair is a university student who lives on his own and has a job that works with his schedule. Both Tara and Alistair have difficulty building trust in relationships and have issues with being insecure; they both have complicated family dynamics. (Sinclair 2005)
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But then I always had this insecurity in me. I always keep my distance with her (foster mother). And I still do that - I keep my distance with women or someone whom I’m getting close to… it’s just that I’m scared that if this goes wrong again, I’m not taking it… It’s just my insecurity
Tara, 2005
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Everyone had a key to their bedroom and that made me feel funny because I never had a key. It was like everyone was thinking I was a thief… And everyone's locking their doors and I just had to shut my door. And I just felt so left out at that time - I felt so left out at that time.
Alistair, 2005
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Drug Prescriptions
Foster care children are prescribed more psychotropic drugs than children who are not in the system. Psychotropic drugs include antidepressants, ADHD drugs, and mood stabilizers. The higher prescription rates do not necessarily mean that doctors are overprescribing children, but that foster children are in higher need for mental health. In addition, the side effects of psychotropic drugs tend to be me extreme and long lasting, the potential to harm may place foster children at a physical disadvantage. (United States Government Accountability Office 2017)
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Comprehensive oversight programs would help states identify these and other potential health risks and provide caregivers and prescribers with the information necessary to weigh drug risks and benefits.
United States Government Accountability Office, 2017
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Achieving Permanency
13% of children in foster care will never receive permanency and 23,000 age out of foster care every year. Aging out describes children who do not receive permanency before reaching adulthood. There are increased risks to aging out, such as age; extended time in foster care, and living with a disability. In addition, there are associated outcomes with aging out; higher incidences of incarceration, low food security, homelessness, unemployment, mental health problems, and lower rates of education (Lockwood et al. 2015).
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Permanency is ultimately achieved for 20% of children in foster care through adoption. Another 20% remain in foster care until they age out at age 18 or 21 years, depending on the state. The remaining 60% are able to be reunified with a parent or other family caregiver, although 30% of those returning home re-enter foster care within 1 year.
Alexander Okun, 2015
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The Condition of Foster Care
There are fewer children in the foster care system now then in the past ten years, a 20% reduction to 400,000. Many racial disparities are starting to diminish. However, there tends to be overrepresentation of children with physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, psychiatric disturbance, pregnant, already parents, or part of the LGBTQ Community. (Okun 2016)
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References
"Adoption."2016. in The Columbia Encyclopedia. New York, NY, USA: Columbia University Press.
"Foster Care."2016. in The Columbia Encyclopedia. New York, NY, USA: Columbia University Press.
Foster Children: HHS Guidance could Help States Improve Oversight of Psychotropic Prescriptions.2011. U.S. Government Accountability Office.
Foster Children.2005. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Lockwood, Katie K., Susan Friedman and Cindy W. Christian. 2015. "Permanency and the Foster Care System." Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care45(10):306-315.
Okun, Alexander. 2016. "Foster Care." Pediatrics in Review 37(12):546 (http://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/content/37/12/546.abstract).
Palmieri, Lauren E. and Tamika P. La Salle. 2017. "Supporting Students in Foster Care." Psychology in the Schools 54(2):117-126.
Sinclair, Ian. 2005. Foster Children.London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Watson, Aubrey E. 2016. Foster Children and Youth in Congregate Care Settings : Overview, Issues, and Reduction Efforts.New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc (http://ezproxy.library.unlv.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1286269&site=ehost-live).
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