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MODERN HISTORY

1. The United Nations Environment Conference (1972)

The United Nations Conference on the Environment (UNCED), held in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1972, was a historic event that marked an important point in global awareness of water conservation. The conference recognized the importance of water for sustainable development and established a series of principles and recommendations to promote water conservation around the world.

UNCED was held at a time when the world was beginning to recognize the seriousness of environmental problems. Population growth, industrialization and pollution were straining the planet's natural resources, including water.

The conference was organized by the United Nations (UN) and was attended by representatives from 113 countries, as well as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and environmental experts.

Key figures involved in UNCED included then-UN Secretary-General U Thant and Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme. Thant delivered a keynote speech in which he highlighted the importance of water for life and development. Palme, for his part, chaired the conference and played a key role in the development of the Stockholm Declaration, which established the basic principles of water conservation.

UNCED had a significant impact on water conservation practices and policies around the world as the Stockholm Declaration, in particular, has been a fundamental document for the promotion of water conservation.

The declaration states that "water is a vital resource essential for life and development and that all human beings have the right to adequate access to drinking water." It also recognizes that "water pollution is a serious problem that can have harmful effects on human health, wildlife and ecosystems."

UNCED also led to the creation of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), which has played an important role in promoting water conservation around the world.

The impact of the Stockholm Conference on water conservation has been significant. The principles set out in the Stockholm Declaration have guided the formulation of water conservation policies and programs around the world. As a result of the Stockholm Conference, measures have been implemented to protect water around the world. These measures include building wastewater treatment plants, improving irrigation efficiency, and public education on water conservation.

The conference was relevant to contemporary water conservation issues in several ways. First, the conference recognized the need for international action to address the problems of water pollution and water scarcity.

Second, the conference established a number of principles that remain relevant today, such as the principle of equity in access to water and the precautionary principle in pollution prevention.

The Stockholm Conference showed that it is possible to achieve an international consensus on the importance of water conservation. The principles established by the conference remain relevant today, and can serve as a basis for international action to address water conservation challenges.

In conclusion, the Stockholm Conference was a historic event that helped shape global awareness on the environment and water conservation. Its principles remain relevant today, and continue to inspire governments, organizations and individuals to work to protect this vital resource.

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MODERN HISTORY

2. The Industrial Revolution (18th century - 19th century)

The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid economic, social, and technological change that took place in Europe and North America between the 18th and 19th centuries. These changes had a significant impact on water use, as the industry required large amounts of water for its processes.

The importance of the Industrial Revolution to contemporary water conservation problems is that it established a precedent for the intensive use of water by industry. The water conservation challenges we face today, such as water scarcity and water pollution, are related to the intensive use of water by industry.

The Industrial Revolution began in England in the second half of the 18th century. It was characterized by the development of new technologies, such as the steam engine, which allowed the mass production of goods. The textile industry was one of the first sectors to adopt these new technologies, and soon became a large consumer of water.

The industry's intensive use of water spread to other sectors, such as mining, steel production, and paper production. Demand for water increased rapidly, straining the water resources of many regions.

One of the earliest advocates of water conservation during this historic event was civil engineer John Smeaton, who in 1758 published a report on the pollution of the River Thames in London.

In 1863, the British government established the Royal Commission on Drinking Waters, which investigated the state of drinking water in the United Kingdom. The commission recommended a series of measures to improve water quality, including building wastewater treatment plants and regulating the discharge of industrial pollutants.

In the United States, the water conservation movement was led by civil engineer Frederick Law Olmsted. Olmsted was an advocate for the preservation of natural resources, and believed that water conservation was essential to sustainable development.

The Industrial Revolution had a number of results on water conservation practices and policies. First, urban population growth and industrialization increased the demand for water. This led to the construction of new water supply and sewage systems, which were often inefficient and polluting.

Secondly, the Industrial Revolution led to water pollution. Industrial and domestic waste was dumped into rivers and lakes, contaminating the water and endangering public health.

In response to these actions during the Industrial Revolution, a series of advances in water conservation occurred. These advances included:

• The construction of wastewater treatment plants to improve water quality.

• Regulating the discharge of industrial pollutants to reduce water pollution.

• The development of efficient irrigation technologies to reduce water consumption in agriculture.

Thanks to these advances, the environmental impacts of the industry's intensive use of water were mitigated.

Today, the challenges and opportunities of water conservation remain the same as in the 19th century. Water pollution, increasing water demand and the need to protect aquatic ecosystems remain major issues.

The Industrial Revolution taught us that sustainable water management is essential for economic and social development. The technological and social advances that took place during this period provide us with the necessary tools to meet the current challenges of water conservation.

In short, the Industrial Revolution marked a turning point in the history of water conservation since this period marked the beginning of a new era in water use, characterized by an increase in consumption and a degradation in quality. These changes posed new challenges for sustainable water management; challenges that remain valid today.

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MODERN HISTORY

3. The Code of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC)

The Code of Hammurabi was a set of laws promulgated by King Hammurabi of Babylon in the 18th century BC. C., this contains a series of provisions related to water conservation. These provisions are important to contemporary water conservation issues because they provide an early model for how governments can promote sustainable use of this vital resource.

The Code of Hammurabi was promulgated at a time when the Mesopotamian civilization was experiencing demographic and economic growth. This led to increased demand for water, straining the region's water resources. Hammurabi's code addressed this challenge by enacting a series of laws intended to protect water sources and promote efficient water use.

The key figures involved in the promulgation of the Code of Hammurabi were King Hammurabi and his council of advisors. Hammurabi, a wise and powerful ruler, was determined to create a code of laws that would help ensure the prosperity of his kingdom. His advisory board included experts in law, religion and economics. These advisors helped Hammurabi develop a code of laws that was just, equitable, and effective.

Key actions taken to promote water conservation in the Code of Hammurabi include:

• The prohibition of contaminating water sources. "Whoever pollutes a river or a canal and thus causes the death of a man will be sentenced to death."

- Code of Hammurabi, Article 245

Hammurabi's code stated that anyone who contaminated a water source would be sentenced to death.

• Regulation of water use. Hammurabi's code established rules for water use, such as the amount of water that could be drawn from a well and the time of day when water could be drawn.

• The promotion of efficient use of water. Hammurabi's code encouraged people to use water efficiently, such as fixing leaks and using efficient irrigation systems.

Ex:

The main cause of the regulation of water conservation in the Code of Hammurabi was the scarcity of this resource in the Mesopotamian region. The region is located in an arid area, with little rainfall. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which flow through the region, were the main source of water for irrigation, agriculture and human consumption.

As a consequence of the regulations, standards were established for the construction and maintenance of irrigation canals, as well as for the distribution of water among different users. In addition, severe penalties were established for wasting water, such as death or loss of property.

In this way, Hammurabi's Code had a significant impact on water conservation practices and policies in ancient Mesopotamia. Code provisions helped protect water sources and promote efficient water use. This helped ensure that there was enough water to meet the needs of the region's population and economy.

Contemporary water conservation challenges are similar to those faced by the ancient Mesopotamians. Population growth and climate change are putting the world's water resources to the test. The lessons of Hammurabi's Code are relevant today as they provide a guiding model for how governments can promote sustainable water use.

In conclusion, the Code of Hammurabi is an important historical document that reflects the ancient Babylonians' concern for water conservation. Its provisions and principles remain relevant today, as they remind us of the importance of protecting this vital resource at a time when water scarcity is a global problem.

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LITERATURE FOR ENGLISH

1. Virtual Water: Tackling the Threat to Our Planet's Most Precious Resource", essay by Tony Allan (England)

The essay "Virtual Water: Tackling the Threat to Our Planet's Most Precious Resource" by Tony Allan (England) is an important work in relation to water conservation because this academic essay presents a new vision on water consumption. Allan considers water as a global resource, and analyzes the impact of trade in goods and services on water consumption.

The essay addresses the topic of water conservation in several ways. First, Allan introduces the concept of "virtual water." Virtual water is water that is used to produce goods and services.

Secondly, Allan analyzes the impact of trade in goods and services on water consumption. Allan argues that trade in goods and services can lead to increased water consumption in already water-scarce regions as mentioned in the following passage: "Trade in goods and services can lead to increased water consumption." of water in regions that already have water scarcity. For example, if we import food from a region that is water scarce, we are increasing water consumption in our own region."

The author's message about water conservation is clear and concise: we must act now to protect this vital resource. Water scarcity is a global challenge that requires a collective effort. By taking steps to reduce water consumption, we can help ensure a sustainable future for our planet.

Furthermore, Allan argues that the concept of virtual water is an important tool for understanding water scarcity. By tracking the flow of virtual water through the global economy, we can identify the sources of water scarcity and develop strategies to address it.

The essay offers several tips on water conservation. Some of these tips are:

• Support companies that use sustainable water management practices. Sustainable companies transform how they capture, manage and analyze water data at every stage of their operations.

• Improve the efficiency of water use in agriculture. This can be done by adopting more sustainable agricultural practices, such as drip irrigation.

• Reduce water waste. This can be done by repairing leaks in pipes and reducing the amount of water used in industry.

In summary, the essay shows us the impact of trade in goods and services on water consumption, and invites us to take measures to reduce virtual water consumption. This work is a call to action for all of us to take steps to conserve water.

Water is a vital resource that we must protect for future generations.

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LITERATURE FOR ENGLISH

2. "Water", poem by Gabriela Mistral (Chile)

The poem “Water” by Gabriela Mistral (Chile) is a work that describes a world in which water is a scarce resource. The author does so through language and image to transmit the message in a poetic and evocative way. In addition, the beauty and importance of water is highlighted. This love and respect that the author transmits for water leads us to want to take care of it. The poem helps us become aware of the danger of water scarcity and take measures to conserve it.

The poem addresses the topic of water conservation in several ways. First of all, water is a central element of the poem. Mistral uses water to describe the beauty of nature and the importance of water for life.

Secondly, water is a symbol of life and purity. Mistral uses water to represent the vital force of nature and the need to protect it. An example is: "Clear water, pure water, Water of my childhood, Water that you have given me Life and virtue." Here it is evident that Mistral uses water as a symbol of life, purity and beauty.

The author's main message is that water is a vital resource that we must take care of. The poem reminds us that water is a "gift from heaven," a "source of life," and a "mother who nourishes us." These images help us appreciate the beauty and importance of water. The poem also warns us about the danger of water scarcity. The author tells us that "the water is running out" and that "the world is dying of thirst." This message alerts us to the importance of conserving water so that it does not run out.

The poem offers several tips on water conservation. Some of these tips are:

• Recognize the value and importance of water. Water has value due to the diversity of benefits that derive from its use and consumption in different domestic, agricultural and industrial activities and for the important services linked to ecosystems.

• Use water responsibly. Reduce water consumption at home. Use efficient appliances (washing machines, dishwashers, refrigerators) that use little energy and water and also reduce the time you spend in the shower.

• Become aware of water scarcity. Learn about the causes of water scarcity, its effects and possible solutions. There are many resources available online, in libraries, and at educational centers.

In conclusion, the poem "Water" by Gabriela Mistral is a valuable tool for education about water conservation, since it is based on its appreciation and awareness of its scarcity if we do not take care of it. The poem also invites us to reflect on the importance of water for living beings and nature as such. Without water, life on the planet would be impossible.

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LITERATURE FOR ENGLISH

3. "The Drought", novel by James Graham Ballard (England)

The novel “The Drought” by James Graham Ballard (England) is a work of science fiction that explores the consequences of a global water crisis. The novel takes place in the near future where ocean pollution has caused an impenetrable layer on the surface of the water. This layer prevents water evaporation, leading to global drought.

Its importance in relation to water conservation is based on the fact that the novel highlights the importance of water for human life. Without water, agriculture, livestock and industry collapse. The novel also shows how water scarcity can cause social and political conflicts. In addition, it warns about the dangers of environmental pollution. Ocean pollution is the trigger for the global drought in the novel.

The novel addresses the issue of water conservation in the next ways: First, water scarcity is the triggering event of the plot. Pollution of the seas, caused by industrial waste, causes a strange layer on the surface that prevents water evaporation. This leads to a global drought that has a devastating impact on society.

Secondly, water is a symbol of life and hope in the novel. In a world where water is scarce, water becomes a precious and coveted commodity. "Water was the only resource left, and the fight for it was a fight for survival." This passage suggests that the search for water is a metaphor for the search for life and hope.

The main message of the novel “The Drought” by James Graham Ballard is a warning call about the importance of taking care of water. The novel describes a world in which water scarcity has caused social and economic collapse. People are forced to abandon their homes and jobs in search of water. Violence and chaos take over the world.

Therefore, Ballard decides to use this dystopia to show us how fragile our society is and that water is an essential resource for life, and its scarcity can have catastrophic consequences.

The novel also shows us that water scarcity can cause changes in our behavior. In a world without water, people become more aggressive and competitive. This leads us to reflect on the importance of cooperation and solidarity.

The novel offers several tips on water conservation. Some of these tips are:

• Reduce water consumption at home. Turning off the tap while soaping or brushing our teeth, repairing water leaks, not washing the car with the hose, etc.

• Recycle and reuse water. Reuse water from the washing machine to water plants, collect rainwater to water the garden, etc.

• Avoid using products that require a lot of water. For example, cars with large engines, washing machines with long wash programs, etc.

In short, the novel "The Drought" is an important work that reminds us of the importance of water as it shows us the consequences of water scarcity and invites us to take measures to avoid it. Water is a vital resource for life. We must take care of it and protect it.

We can all contribute to water conservation with small gestures in our daily lives.

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BUSINESS

WATER IS LIFE

Mission: To raise awareness about the importance of water conservation and inspire people to take action to protect this vital resource.

Vision: To contribute to a world where everyone understands the value of water and uses it sustainably.

Values:

Sustainability: To protect our water resources and use it wisely because they are essential for a sustainable future.

Education: To change people's behavior about the value of water and promote water conservation.

Inspiration: To create inspiring and engaging content that will motivate people to conserve water.

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How did I save water yesterday?

Yesterday I didn't have breakfast so I didn't waste water on cooking food, also for lunch I went to the mall to buy more food so I didn't waste water at home. Also, in the afternoon I went to shower and turned off the water when I soaped my body and hair. Finally, all day I only brushed my teeth 2 times, so I saved water on that too!