#z-10 helicopter

[nocternalrandomness]

Chinese Changhe Z-10K popping flares during a demo at Airshow China 2023

[artificial-ascension]

Reading through the wolrds surely most accurate source, Death Note fan wiki, I have accumulated a list of Wammys kid letters that are confirmed in some source to have an individual associated:

A- First successor of L, dead by suicide, mentioned in Death Note: Another Note

B- Beyond Birthday, number two of the first known successors behind A and a main character of Death Note: Another Note

D- Shown on L's mailing list in L: Change The World film

E- Shown on L's mailing list in L: Change The World film

F- Appears in the opening of L: Change The World film on a massion for L, dies via helicopter attack*

G- Shown on L's mailing list in L: Change The World film

H- Sends L an email informing him of F's death in L: Change The World

I- Shown on L's mailing list in L: Change The World film

J- Appears in the game L: The Prologue To Death Note, the game is unavailable in English so little is know of them, presumably a Wammys kid based on name, a separate J appears in the second episode of Death Note: A New Generation, she is not out right stated to be a Wammys kid, but she is assumed to be

K- Antagonist of L: Change The World book and film

L- If you do not know who L is why are you here, also Linda is a child who appears briefly in the manga and is responsible for the drawings of Near and Mello (I belive that is only presumed but I may be wrong, I can not remember where it was said)

M- Mello, second successor of generation four and a main antagonist of Death Note's main series and Matt, unranked member of generation four appearing as Mello's comrade in both anime amd manga

N- Near, successor of L and number one of generation four, appears in half the places L dose

P- Shown on L's mailing list in L: Change The World film

Q- Shown on L's mailing list in L: Change The World film

R- Shown on L's mailing list in L: Change The World film, their letter is greyed out, presumably indicating they are dead**

T- Shown on L's mailing list in L: Change The World film, their letter is greyed out, presumably indicating they are dead

V- Shown on L's mailing list in L: Change The World film, their letter is greyed out, presumably indicating they are dead

X- Alluded to in Death Note: Another Note as helping in a detective war with L

Y- Alluded to in Death Note: Another Note as helping in a detective war with L

Z- Alluded to in Death Note: Another Note as helping in a detective war with L

Unused letters- C, O, S, T, U, W***, possibly J as both instances of the usage are for individuals only presumed to be successors

Letters with known duplicates- L and M, J(?)

------

Conclusion:

1. L: Change The World introduced a shit ton of Wammys lore for apparently shits and giggles.

2. Alot less dead Wammys kids than I expected. (Only 9/24, that's only over a third. Maybe 10/24 if you count Watari.)

3. I can understand not finding a U or V, but how the hell were there no genius orphans with S or C names??

4. It is impossible for a Death Note title to not have a : in it.

------

Notes:

I got this information from the fan wiki and my brain. If it is wrong I'd like to know. I'd also love to hear of any more orphans the fan wiki or I missed.

------

*I can verify that that happened. I remember it vividly. Only known Wammys kid to die from a helicopter.

**A greyed name implies death as B's name was also greyed out. However, this also implies L could readily email B whenever he wanted, which is extremely funny.

***W is often totoed as Watari's letter. However, I am not considering him a Wammys kid but this may mean some of the letters shown do not indicate successors but rather other Wammys higher ups.

[mariacallous]

Bangladeshis made history in July when a mass uprising, led by student protesters, toppled Sheikh Hasina and the Awami League’s government, which had become increasingly dictatorial over the course of 15 years in power. Before she fled to India on Aug. 5, Hasina oversaw the killing of thousands—at least 90 people were killed by the police on the day before her departure alone. Children were not spared.

The end of Hasina’s dictatorship has turned a new chapter in Bangladesh’s history. The country’s lone Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, now heading an interim government, called it Bangladesh’s second liberation. But Bangladesh has to step carefully over the mess Hasina has left behind—both in domestic and foreign affairs.

And the mess is huge. Historically, Bangladesh’s politics has been a game of pass the parcel played between Hasina’s center-left Awami League and Khaleda Zia’s center-right Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), with the two regularly exchanging power for years—until Hasina broke the norms of democracy in 2011. That was the year she abolished the caretaker government system, where neutral civil society leaders headed an interim government to conduct the elections in a free and fair manner. Since then, the country has witnessed one rigged election after another. The BNP said about half of its 5 million members faced legal charges.

The democratic institutions that have been destroyed over the years can’t be rebuilt overnight. In his first speech to the nation, Yunus talked about bringing back the “lost glory of these [government] institutions.” The country effectively has no police force left. Hasina used members of the Border Guard Bangladesh, who were supposed to be posted at the border, against the protesters. Now they are facing widespread public anger too.

The damage is everywhere from administration to law enforcement to the military. Nothing has been spared. Hasina destroyed the country’s judiciary by handpicking judges. In 2017, the chief justice of Bangladesh’s Supreme Court, Surendra Kumar Sinha—a Hindu in a Muslim-majority country—was forced to resign and seek asylum in Canada after being threatened by the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence, the country’s military intelligence service.

The economy is in tatters, and corruption is rampant. Hasina herself has said that her manservant is worth $34 million and commutes via helicopter. According to Transparency International, around $3.1 billion is laundered from Bangladesh every year, which is more than 10 percent of the country’s total national reserves.

With the Awami League now hated by most of the public, the only political force left this political vacuum is the BNP. Zia, the party chairperson, is 79—and she is now gravely ill and was hospitalized multiple times since this summer. Tarique Rahman, her firstborn child and deputy, is 56. Rahman, often seen as his mother’s successor and the future head of state, has been living in a self-imposed exile in the U.K. for the last 16 years and the extent he is in touch with the country’s new reality is a question up for debate. He faces a slew of corruption charges—although these may not stand up in a fair trial as they were trumped up by Hasina.

After 15 years of autocracy, most of the remaining politicians are greying, while the median age in Bangladesh is a little over 25. The uprising that saw Hasina’s rule crumble was spearheaded by mostly by members of Generation Z. Their leadership of these supposedly apolitical groups in the July revolution has caught the politicians off guard, proof that Bangladeshi politicians are not capable of reading the pulse of the young.

Amid this chaos, the West needs to start playing a far more positive role. One of the reasons Hasina’s rule lasted so long was because the U.S. turned a blind eye to her misrule. Months before the one-sided elections in January, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken threatened to “restrict the issuance of visas for any Bangladeshi individual, believed to be responsible for, or complicit in, undermining the democratic election process in Bangladesh.” But after the polls, no punitive measures materialized. On the contrary, U.S. President Joe Biden wrote a letter to Hasina, expressing his government’s wish to “work together on regional and global security” and “commitment to supporting Bangladesh’s ambitious economic goals.”

U.S. complicity depends in part on its desire for India, a close ally to Bangladesh, to contain China in the Indo-Pacific. According to the Washington Post, last month Indian officials told their U.S. counterparts, ��This is a core concern for us, and you can’t take us as a strategic partner unless we have the same kind of strategic consensus.”

India supported successive Awami League regimes due to its own security and strategic concerns. India’s landlocked northeastern states, also known as the Seven Sisters, are linked to the rest of the country through the narrow 60-kilometre-long Siliguri Corridor. This tiny passage, known as the Chicken Neck, separates Bangladesh from Nepal and Bhutan. The strategically important Tibetan Chumba Valley controlled by China is only 130 kilometers away.

The Seven Sisters are inhibited by 220 ethnic minorities and are home to active insurgent groups, especially in Assam, Manipur and Nagaland. India also has the world’s fifth-longest land border with Bangladesh. All this gives India a potent stake in Bangladesh—but instead of making new friends or giving Bangladesh’s democracy a chance, India placed its chips entirely on Hasina and the Awami League. Anti-Indian sentiment now runs high in Bangladesh—the Indian Cultural Center in the capital was torched within three hours of Hasina’s fall.

India has a long way to go to win the hearts and minds of ordinary Bangladeshis, and blaming Pakistan and its intelligence agency, the ISI, for every problem won’t help. India’s old narrative is dead, and New Delhi must realize this.

The U.S. must stop seeing Bangladesh through India’s eyes. Time and again U.S. policymakers have misread Bangladesh’s importance, looking at it as an extension of India instead of a state in itself. Bangladesh is potentially crucial to containing China in the Indo-Pacific. It has a young population who hold their ethno-religious identities close to their hearts but are pro-Western, too, with more than 13 million Bangladeshis living abroad.

Hasina herself was playing both sides, turning herself into China’s closest ally in South Asia. In July, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Mao Ning described the relationship between Bangladesh and China as “good neighbors, good friends, and good partners.”

China dislodged India as Bangladesh’s top trading partner nine years ago. Bangladesh imports more goods from China than from any other country, and is in debt to China to the tune of $17.5 billion, which was mainly invested in white elephant infrastructure projects. After Hasina’s fall, China’s reaction, however, has been muted—hoping to build a relationship with whoever emerges afterwards.

The U.S. and the European Union have welcomed Yunus and his interim government. Mathew Miller, a State Department spokesperson, said last month the U.S. wants the interim government to “chart a democratic future for the people of Bangladesh.” The best way to do this is for the U.S. to offer support to U.N.-led efforts to support order and democracy in the country.

The interim government immediately needs to establish law and order. It can start by bringing the perpetrators of the July carnage to the book. A national office of missing persons should be established to look into all the incidents of enforced disappearances. It can seek technical support from the United Nations, which should lead an independent U.N.-led fact-finding program into the revolution and fall of the Hasina regime. Western nations should support the establishment of a new, fairer constitution that takes the range of Bangladeshi identities into account.

The presence of torture cells inside Dhaka cantonment and the alleged involvement of the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence tells us that a section of the armed forces were involved in crimes against humanity. Bangladesh has been a major contributor to U.N. peacekeeping—but that needs to stop until responsibility for these crimes has been established.

The ongoing civil war in Myanmar is also an existential threat to Bangladesh’s national security. With Bangladesh’s security forces in disarray, the U.S. should support Bangladesh by setting up a temporary base that will provide the Bangladesh Armed Forces and intelligence agencies with arms, training and other logistical support, while maintaining a firm emphasis on the political neutrality of the army and its support of human rights.

Bangladesh has survived a dire time to potentially chart a brighter future. Washington should see it not as an extension of Indian interests, but as an independent country that is capable of making its own decisions, an important ally, and a partner in the Indo-Pacific.

[usafphantom2]

South Korea will upgrade the long-range mission capabilities of the F-15K fighter

The project, scheduled from 2024 to 2034, has a total budget of approximately US$ 2.89 billion.

Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 03/23/2024 - 15:43in Military

The South Korean Air Force is launching the "F-15K performance improvement project" to improve radar systems and increase the long-range mission capabilities of its F-15K fighters.

The Defense Security Committee recently approved an acquisition plan to advance the project through foreign purchases, specifically the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program, the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) said in a statement on Friday.

The updates are expected to allow the F-15K to identify and attack targets, ensuring stable operational conditions, crucial for extended missions.

The project, scheduled from 2024 to 2034, has a total budget of approximately US$ 2.89 billion.

Boeing unveiled plans in December 2023 to comprehensively upgrade South Korea's F-15K fleet. The improvement initiative targets three main areas: the installation of the advanced AN/APG-82 radar, reinforcing the cabin display capabilities and integrating the electronic warfare suite 'Eagle Passive/Active Warning and Survivability System' (EPAWS).

The decision to invest heavily in the F-15 fleet is aligned with the strategic objectives of South Korea, especially given the relatively young age of the jets, with an average of just over 14 years. Originally acquired under the FX program in the mid-1990s, the first batch of 61 F-15K entered service at the end of 2005 and continues to play a crucial role in the combat capabilities of the Republic of Korea Air Force RoKAF).

The F-15K variant is suitable for long-range attack missions, including against reinforced North Korean targets.

Tags: Military AviationBoeing F-15K Slam EagleROKAF - Republic of Korea Air Force/South Korean Air Force

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Fernando Valduga

Fernando Valduga

Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, he has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Dayton Airshow and FIDAE. He has works published in specialized aviation magazines in Brazil and abroad. He uses Canon equipment during his photographic work in the world of aviation.

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[spann-stann]

Setting Blurb Poll: Help Build the (early) Imperial Armed Forces (pt. 3)

[hccn-overseer]

Issue 14, 7/19/2023 - The Overseer

Issue Masterpost About the Overseer

Bi-Weekly Overseer HQ Report

By Nes, art by Z

Welcome back to another normal issue of The Overseer, and with it our Bi-weekly HQ update! In this article, I like to run through the mayhem and mishaps that have occurred in the Overseer HQ these past few weeks. I hope you enjoy our antics as much as I do.

First up on the list, last week we discovered the office has a basement! Why Roo never informed us of this is unknown, but there were lots of amazing finds down there, such as an old school globe which is now proudly presented in my office. Is it accurate to the modern borders? Absolutely not, but it looks cool.

Additionally, alongside our cat infestation, we also appear to have a rat colony living in Roo's office. They’re allegedly stealing all his homemade pizza. How do you have a cat and rat infestation at the same time? We here at The Overseer aren’t sure, but we sure have managed it. Thankfully, the rats seem contained to the one office and have not caused any troubles outside of their pizza heists. I personally vote to allow them to stay.

I’m sure you’re waiting for me to address the elephant in the room, and I’m glad you’re just as excited about the new coffee machine as everyone else in the office is. As a non-coffee drinker, my opinion towards it is neutral, but writers, artists, and proofreaders alike are overjoyed at the addition. The old machine was from the 80’s and tasted like mold according to a writer. The new one is much more modern. 

Lastly, the most important news of the week: The Overseer’s fursona would be a raccoon. 

Thank you for tuning in to this week's issue of the Bi-weekly Overseer HQ Report. We need a new name for this due to that one sucking, but I don’t have the time to fix it. Have a lovely rest of your week, and see you next time!

Now onto other news under the cut!

Affiliate Happenings

By Roo

Docm77: It appears that he is very creature-shaped. Maybe this creature likes eggs.

GoodTimesWithScar: Mistakes were, apparently, made, but Scar is also simply a creature, so he cannot be blamed for this.

Grian: Mumbo has turned into a redstone-powering helicopter. The fact that this happened in the Grian affiliate channel is ignored.

ImpulseSV: He is so small. A little guy. Creature, even.

JoeHills: (Only slightly concerned that this bit has been going on for months) Joe Hills.

MumboJumbo: Please let me never see realistic Minecraft Mumbo again. Mumbo affiliates, I am begging you.

ZombieCleo: Forbidden cinnamon roll bath bomb. I'm sorry, what?

Weekly Weather Report

By Nes

Temperature is depicted using Celsius. Sorry, Americans.

Thursday - Clear skies are expected for Thursday with a high of 21, and wind is looking to be minimal with high humidity. Clouds are expected to come in during the afternoon, with the chance of rain being moderately high around dinner time. Be sure to apply sunscreen before going out for the day, and pack an umbrella or rain jacket if you expect to be out in the late afternoon.

Friday - Cloudy skies and rain are expected to arrive early Friday morning, with a high of 10 and strong winds. Flying is not advised in these conditions, however, you should be able to perform outdoor work if needed. Rain will last throughout the day and is expected to become worse in the evening.

Saturday - Rain continues into Saturday with a high of 11. Areas of the server may experience thunder and dangerously high winds. Citizens are urged to stay inside and save water in case of a power outage. A storm is expected to last the entire day.

Sunday - Thunder is expected to continue into Sunday and spread across the entire server as rain continues, a high of 12 and strong winds will accompany the storm. Once again, citizens are advised to stay indoors until the rain clears in the late evening.

Monday - Cloudy skies and light drizzles are expected with a low humidity and moderate winds and a high of 16. It is now safe to leave your home, and there are crisis services available if your property was damaged during the storm.

Tuesday - Cloudy skies with a bit of sun and a high of 21 is expected Tuesday, humidity will be moderate and winds low. This is an optimal day for outdoor work and citizens are advised to take advantage of it.

Wednesday - Clear skies return to close out the week with a high of 27, humidity is moderate and winds are breezy. A perfect day for the beach, so grab your swimsuits and head on down!

ArtFight Citizen Artwork

By Lydia

With the month over halfway through, participants of both the Citizen Hub and the annual ArtFight competition, held from July 1st to July 31st, have been vigorously creating digital and traditional art pieces for this special event. As we have observed a significant amount of pieces depicting Citizens of the Server, this article features a collection of portraits, many of which are drawn by your fellow participants, as we have progressed through the competition.

ArtFight is an artwork gifting game focusing on celebrating original characters created by internet users of all genres. Taking place during the same month every year, the concept began in 2007, although the website that hosts the event, ArtFight.net, did not come to fruition until 2016. Upon entry to the competition, all participants are divided into two teams, each with different themes for every year. This year’s teams are the Vampires and the Werewolves, and in previous years have featured the themes of Bloom and Wither, Sugar and Spice, Dream and Nightmare, Magic and Technology, Sun and Moon, and Land and Sea, to name a few. Participants then place their original characters on their profile that they would like to receive artwork depicting, and will create pieces for others who have done the same. 

Points are earned based on the number of art pieces created, the levels of character visibility, shading, and background work, as well as whether the pieces are drawn in return for a piece received. Artwork that a participant creates for someone else is called “Attacks” and artwork that is received from other artists is called “Defenses.” A piece drawn in return for someone’s attack on a participant is called “Revenge.” With the current standings, the Werewolves team is currently taking a very large lead, though the exact points expectedly change each day.

Some participants of both the Server and the competition have chosen to feature their Citizens as characters in their ArtFight profiles. Due to the surrounding enthusiasm that has developed regarding participants’ Citizens and their respective artistic depictions, competitors have seized the opportunity to share their artistic visions for twice the benefits. During this month, artists are both bringing joy to the strangers, acquaintances, and companions that they have met and are racking up points for their teams. Artwork depicting a Citizen that was not created by the artist is not uncommon and has been swiftly making the rounds since the first month of the Server’s existence in April. Our gregarious community took no time at all to become enthralled with each others’ creative voices. With the incentive of ArtFight, however, The Overseer staff members believe that this is the perfect time to showcase this particular flavor of Citizen depictions. 

If you are interested in signing up for this year’s ArtFight, it is not too late! With the final day being July 31st, there is still plenty of time to join. ArtFight welcomes artists of every skill level, from novices, hobbyists, and youths to professionals in their artistic careers. Unfortunately, if you do not have an account, you will not be able to view anyone’s profile or artwork from the website itself. It is believed that the purpose of this inaccessibility to outsiders is meant to prevent data scraping, but the true motivation remains unknown. Despite the inconvenience, it is not required of a user to participate in any ArtFight competitions to have an account.

View the collection here!

This collection is organized in chronological order with the exception of a final piece featuring many Citizens at once, and the time-frame ranges from July 1st to July 17th of this year. Each piece depicts a Hermit Citizen in some way, shape, or form, according to each artist’s interpretation. The Overseer hopes that all recipients of the artwork have enjoyed seeing their Citizens through an alternate lens! We commend all of the efforts that each artist has contributed to shaping their pieces into their idiosyncratic depictions of each Citizen showcased in this exhibition.

Astrology Corner

By Lydia

Do you feel you are lacking guidance? Do you look up your birthday and star sign and wonder, “What travels await me? Will I come into a windfall of a resource I’ve been looking for? Will my weekend be exciting or mundane?” Do not worry. Here at The Overseer, we can help.

*Ignore how specific these are. Nothing bad will happen to you.

Aries: You will visit the thrift store in the near future. Inside, you will find many artifacts that you have previously dreamt about. If you choose to buy any of them, you will feel a euphoric burst of creativity.

Taurus: You will attend a fishing trip during the coming weekend. You will catch several types of fish, and if you choose to release any of them, you will receive a stack of potions of water breathing.

Gemini: You will attend a small folk concert in the near future. The band’s music will be very clearly amateur. If you choose to stay through to the end of the concert, someone you meet there will reveal a secret about The Watchers to you.

Cancer: You will attend a carnival featuring a new ride. It will be advertised as a “tour through hell” but perfect for thrill seekers. If you choose to ride it, you will gain a lifetime pass to Scarland.

Leo: You will meet a private eye detective investigating the Listeners organization. They will ask for your assistance in helping them sabotage a plot by The Watchers in a Life Series. Should you choose to accept, you will find yourself deeply emotionally attached to another contestant.

Virgo: You will be asked to volunteer as a janitor for a local restaurant. If you choose to accept it, you will find yourself in a scheme in which you are desperately trying to cover up the restaurant’s many health code violations.

Libra: You will find yourself on a winning streak at the local arcade. Just when you earn enough tickets to win yourself something exciting, whether it be a particular piece of artwork, a load of diamonds, or a rare artifact, you will be chased by several children at the arcade for your tickets. There will be approximately 20 of them. Good luck outrunning them all!

Scorpio: You will embark on a tour of all of the castles on the Server. You will be asked to give a full summary of everything you have learned about them to both Cleo’s and Cub’s museums. You must choose one museum to lie to and one museum to tell the truth to. Choose wisely!

Sagittarius: You will soon find a bowl of fruit at your doorstep. If you choose to eat it, you will find yourself levitating approximately ten inches off the ground at different times of the day for the rest of the week.

Capricorn: You will go to the beach on your next day off and encounter several abandoned metal detectors, seemingly all defective. If you choose to attempt to repair any of them, several local beachcombers will pay you a handsome fortune.

Aquarius: You will find several travelers attacking mobs in a Nether fortress. They will offer you some of their loot if you are able to stay and help them over the next few days. If you choose to accept, you will awaken on the final day to find that they all appear faceless and many inches taller, and will offer you protection in future times of trouble.

Pisces: You will encounter a very chatty hairdresser over the weekend who will offer to give you a free haircut. They will show you photographs of all of their previous haircuts, all of which will appear quite bizarre to you. If you choose to accept their offer, you will find yourself able to understand a handful of common mob languages.

Lost and Found

By Lydia

All of the following items have been brought to The Overseer staff’s office for safekeeping until they are claimed. If you recognize one of these items as yours, please visit us to receive your items, or contact us at lostandfound@thehermitnews.org. Thank you! *Not a real email address.

Item 1: An assortment of items made from chicken feathers Due to the incident of Poultry Man’s influx of chickens, various items have been created using chicken feathers, whether they are practical or not. These items include a feather duster, a collection of quill pens that do not write very well, two feather boas, a feather fan, and many fishing flies. They were found scattered all throughout the Server, including Doc’s base, the Shopping District, the Birdhouse, and the Sculk Research Center.

Item 2: A lamp depicting a mermaid sitting on a conch shell This lamp takes the form of an orange conch shell that stands approximately six inches tall and features an ivory sculpture of a plus-sized, curly-haired mermaid sitting on top of it holding a small anchor. It was found near Atlantis but was not claimed by anyone for the last five days. Our staff members stated that they can hear unsettling whispers in gibberish when standing near the lamp. They also state that they believe it moves when no one is looking. Please, somebody, claim it.

Item 3: A postcard with a photograph of a sailor on the open ocean This postcard depicts an Albatross Avian sailing on a very small boat. The boat’s sail is made of sewn patchwork, and the sailor appears with an enthused expression, leaning back to catch the wind. The written note on the postcard states that the Avian owns a shop called Surf and Sky, and mentions their vested interest in all things related to sea animals.

Item 4: A collection of 1970s patterned clothing A collection of outfits featuring shirts with large, geometric asymmetrical patterns, bell-bottomed pants, large round-tinted sunglasses, brown vests, and flower-patterned bandannas were found scattered throughout the Scarland ride areas. The staff had a fun day playing dress-up with these costumes, but it is time for us to return them to their rightful owner.

Item 5: A sword named Roastisserie Blade Found on the Nether Roof, this wooden sword has Mending, Unbreaking 3, Sharpness 5, Looting 3, and Fire Aspect 2. It also has the scent of slightly burnt rotisserie chicken. The staff concludes that it must have made for an interesting spit to roast such a meal.

Item 6: A list of criteria of base accessibility and a photograph of a moth person This list was found near Impulse’s Dwarven Keep, filled with check marks and written notes regarding this particular base. Attached to it was a photograph of a green moth person with purple eyes and a very dapper suit. They wear a relaxed smile and are holding a contour cane, and are lounging in a wooden chair. 

ADVERTISEMENTS

By Jamie

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Calling all rat exterminators! Chief Editor of the Newspaper, Roo, is in the midst of an invasion! Various rats aka the unpaid interns have come in and started stealing their pizza! If you can help and/or want some freshly nibbled on pizza contact Roo today.

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This week’s meeting is for the gardeners AND gamers! Meet up with the gardening club this Friday for an exclusive tour of Joe’s pinball machine. Daisies are required for entry.

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Here at the Scar Safety Service we are here for YOU. We can help with any of your base-protection needs from fighting off hordes to cleaning up creeper holes.

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All possible deaths during the cleanup process are defaulted as the fault of the base’s owner. The SSS recognizes the hazards of the job and will not be paying for them.

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Fun and Games

This week's fun and games are brought to you by Lydia and Azure!

Word Search and Crossword by Lydia

Brain Teasers by Azure

And that's all for this week folks! Thank you so much for reading and have a lovely week!

[captain-price-unofficially]

PLA Z-10 attack helicopter

[theuniverseawakens347]

10:06 pm back at library…

6 types of love .. 7 … it’s on the blog and I don’t have service to look it up… but take what you need when you google it if you do or you already have the post thoughts or community talk going …

Babies are sooooo fragile when it comes to this… formative years … 0-7 they record their environment moms voice

energy

Dads voice

Energy around mom and dad when fighting … tension in body .. you calm I’m calm sleep on a chest .. it’s not just big boobs.. yeah pillows nice but it’s soothing energy … u at ward with yourself internally you at war with you child’s restless energy … it’s like lilo and stick record player …

Record their family’s voices and energy …

It’s a like a puppy … overly excited dog too much energy look at the face happy smile good energy but needs an outlet …

Pupils big… prey drive .. so “ADHD” LETS MOVE .. run jump .. then get into aniticipation builds patience .. wait and stay treat training…

If it applies to your baby ddg add it Iman,

Kevin gates …. 7 and on they start to pick up their environment and shape themselves into the energy ..

You become your environment …

So if at 1..2 baby is stumbling and walking and getting steady BOOM … ya gettinging dance …

STOP THINKING BABIES ARE HUMPING THINGS .. when trying to crawl… or when they get they little boogie dance on… I haven’t been there with an infant so I won’t speak too much on that,

BUT NEFFI.. doing something I didn’t like.. I got her an anxiety jacket … it helped but I didn’t use it much… she would bite my shirt for playful energy / teething to move emotion… and I would give her a toy or make her chase something…

Distract the mind.. change the movement ..

Now we get into like 5-7 yrs old and moms twerking walking naked or half naked …. Now ya got ya babies looking at skin DEPENDING ON HOW A WOMAN AND MAN CARRY THEMSELVES … it’s cool to educate about the body.. but there comes a time in which … the body “naturally” does things …

And needs a little structure requiring …

Energy pick up… dad or mom gets blood flowing for hormones… baby gets boner boys.. gets start … dry hump…

Ya need to be in a different room or again distract the mind change the movement…

And once ya like .. 10 depending on ur child’s rate at growing and processing and understanding you can bring in the conversation of your body this and that … boys ya gotta learn to pee w wee wee touch so like… ya know dads moms I wouldn’t say go right into a boner convo but keep it child pbss… “this is a wee wee you go pee pee”… this part not my domain but ya dads who walked thru it can share …

And dads w girls Chris brown.. it probably got awkward … trusted grandma? Aunty? Sister? TRUSTED .. ya stand on stand by for comfort but not helicopter… specially period … YOUTUBE.

And those of you now watching in on me and in a mother or father or uncle position yes I have my magic triangle and then some… but like getting blood flow down there DICKS UP.. MENTAL RUSH… new wires of chemistry flowing … HAPPY CHEMICALS NATURAL THAT WERE SUPRESSED BY DEPRESSION FILLED ENVIRONMENT DRUGS AND ANXIETY … “parchments” too psych meds over do drowning natural emotion… movement and brain exercises and passions of art outlets … z

ART THERAPY..

[mountainrocktrek-blog]

Everest Base Camp Luxury Lodge Trek

The Everest Base Camp Luxury Lodge Trek differs in comfort and luxury. It indeed is a unique experience. Your trip starts with an exciting helicopter flight to Lukla. Along the way, relax in the best accommodations, including lavish lodges with the latest amenities, gourmet dining, and impeccable services. Trek comfortably with some of the best views of the Himalayas, even without giving up the comfort with the assistance of experienced guides and porters. 

Bookings Open for Spring (March, April, May) and Autumn (September, October, November) 2024

📅 Outline Itinerary:

Day 1:Arrival in Kathmandu(1320m)

Day 2:Flight from Kathmandu to Lukla by Helicopter, then trek to Phakding. (2610m)

Day 3:Trek from Phakding to Namche Bazaar (3443m): 5-4 Hours

Day 4:Namche: Acclimatization and Rest Day

Day 5:Trek from Namche to Tengboche (3875m): 5-6 Hours

Day 6:Trek from Tengboche to Dingboche (4410m): 6-7 Hours

Day 7:Rest day in Dingboche

Day 8:Trek from to Lobuche (4910m): 2-4 Hours

Day 9:Trek from Lobuche to Gorakshep (5140) to Everest Base Camp (5364m), back to Gorakshep: 7-8 Hours

Day 10:Trek from Gorakshep to Kalapatthar (5555m) to Pheriche (4220m): 7-8 Hours

Day 11:Trek from Pheriche to Namche (3443m): 6-7 Hours

Day 12:Trek from Namche to Phakding and then to Lukla (2850m): 5-6 Hours

Day 13:Flight back by Helicopter to Kathmandu

Day 14:Final Departure or onward for next program

We are pleased to offer the flexibility of tailoring your journey to your desired duration and 

For detailed information and bookings, visit our website:

Address- Z Street - Thamel, Kathmandu, Nepal

Phone- +977 1 4701233

Mobile, WhatsApp & Viber- +977 9849023179 (Dipak Pande)

Email- info@mountainrocktreks.com

Website- www.mountainrocktreks.com

[jabbli-views-english]

China showcases export version of Z-10 attack helicopter at Singapore Airshow

China has revealed the export variant of its Changhe Z-10 attack helicopter for the first time at the Singapore Airshow 2024, the largest aerospace and defense event in Asia.   The Z-10ME, as the export version is called, is a medium-sized helicopter designed for anti-tank and air-to-air combat missions. It is equipped with a 23mm cannon, rocket launchers, guided rockets, and air-to-air…

[militaryleak]

China’s Changhe Z-10ME Attack Helicopter Makes International Debut in Singapore

China’s Changhe Z-10ME attack helicopter , an upgraded version of the Z-10, has made its international debut at the Singapore air show with a fully equipped example on display in the static park. The helicopter's weapons suite includes unguided and guided rockets, air-to-surface missiles, and air-to-air missiles, illustrating its versatility in engaging various types of targets. This marks a significant milestone for China's aviation industry and its growing presence in the global defense market. The Z-10ME's advanced armaments and sensors make it a formidable player in modern warfare and regional security dynamics.Developed by Changhe Aircraft Industries Corporation (CAIC), the Z-10ME's presence at such a prestigious event underscores China's growing prowess in the aerospace domain and its readiness to compete on the global stage.

China’s Changhe Z-10ME attack helicopter , an upgraded version of the Z-10, has made its international debut at the Singapore air show with a fully equipped example on display in the static park. The helicopter’s weapons suite includes unguided and guided rockets, air-to-surface missiles, and air-to-air missiles, illustrating its versatility in engaging various types of targets. This marks a…

[spacenutspod]

6 min read NASA Uses Two Worlds to Test Future Mars Helicopter Designs This video combines two perspectives of the 59th flight of NASA’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter. Video on the left was captured by the Mastcam-Z on NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover; the black-and-white video on the right was taken by Ingenuity’s downward-pointing Navcam. The flight occurred Sept 16. NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS Engineers will go beyond the ends of the Earth to find more performance for future Mars helicopters. For the first time in history, two planets have been home to testing future aircraft designs. On this world, a new rotor that could be used with next-generation Mars helicopters was recently tested at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, spinning at near-supersonic speeds (0.95 Mach). Meanwhile, the agency’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter has achieved new altitude and airspeed records on the Red Planet in the name of experimental flight testing. “Our next-generation Mars helicopter testing has literally had the best of both worlds,” said Teddy Tzanetos, Ingenuity’s project manager and manager for the Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters. “Here on Earth, you have all the instrumentation and hands-on immediacy you could hope for while testing new aircraft components. On Mars, you have the real off-world conditions you could never truly re-create here on Earth.” That includes a whisper-thin atmosphere and significantly less gravity than on Earth. The next-generation carbon fiber rotor blades being tested on Earth are almost 4 inches (more than 10 centimeters) longer than Ingenuity’s, with greater strength and a different design. NASA thinks these blades could enable bigger, more capable Mars helicopters. The challenge is, as the blade tips approach supersonic speeds, vibration-causing turbulence can quickly get out of hand. To find a space big enough to create a Martian atmosphere on Earth, engineers looked to JPL’s 25-foot wide, 85-foot-tall (8-meter-by-26-meter) space simulator – a place where Surveyor, Voyager, and Cassini got their first taste of space-like environments. For three weeks in September, a team monitored sensors, meters, and cameras as the blades endured run after run at ever-higher speeds and greater pitch angles. A dual rotor system for the next generation of Mars helicopters is tested in the 25-Foot Space Simulator at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory on Sept.15. Longer and stronger than those used on the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter, the carbon-fiber blades reached near-supersonic speeds during testing. NASA/JPL-Caltech “We spun our blades up to 3,500 rpm, which is 750 revolutions per minute faster than the Ingenuity blades have gone,” said Tyler Del Sesto, Sample Recovery Helicopter deputy test conductor at JPL. “These more efficient blades are now more than a hypothetical exercise. They are ready to fly.” At around the same time, and about 100 million miles (161 million kilometers) away, Ingenuity was being commanded to try things the Mars Helicopter team never imagined they would get to do.  Fourth Rock Flight Testing Ingenuity was originally slated to fly no more than five times. With its first flight entering the mission logbook more than two-and-a-half years ago, the helicopter has exceeded its planned 30-day mission by 32 times and has flown 66 times. Every time Ingenuity goes airborne, it covers new ground, offering a perspective no previous planetary mission could achieve. But lately, Team Ingenuity has been taking their solar-powered rotorcraft out for a spin like never before. “Over the past nine months, we have doubled our max airspeed and altitude, increased our rate of vertical and horizontal acceleration, and even learned to land slower,” said Travis Brown, Ingenuity’s chief engineer at JPL. “The envelope expansion provides invaluable data that can be used by mission designers for future Mars helicopters.” Limited by available energy and motor-temperature considerations, Ingenuity flights usually last around two to three minutes. Although the helicopter can cover more ground in a single flight by flying faster, flying too fast can confuse the onboard navigation system. The system uses a camera that recognizes rocks and other surface features as they move through its field of view. If those features whiz by too fast, the system can lose its way. So, to achieve a higher maximum ground speed, the team sends commands for Ingenuity to fly at higher altitudes (instructions are sent to the helicopter before each flight), which keeps features in view longer. Flight 61 established a new altitude record of 78.7 feet (24 meters) as it checked out Martian wind patterns. With Flight 62 Ingenuity set a speed record of 22.3 mph (10 meters per second) – and scouted a location for the Perseverance rover’s science team. The team has also been experimenting with Ingenuity’s landing speed. The helicopter was designed to contact the surface at a relatively brisk 2.2 mph (1 mps) so its onboard sensors could easily confirm touchdown and shut down the rotors before it could bounce back into the air. A helicopter that lands more slowly could be designed with lighter landing gear. So, on Flights 57, 58, and 59 they gave it a whirl, demonstrating Ingenuity could land at speeds 25% slower than the helicopter was originally designed to land at. All this Martian Chuck Yeager-ing is not over. In December, after solar conjunction, Ingenuity is expected to perform two high-speed flights during which it will execute a special set of pitch-and-roll angles designed to measure its performance. “The data will be extremely useful in fine-tuning our aero-mechanical models of how rotorcraft behave on Mars,” said Brown. “On Earth, such testing is usually performed in the first few flights. But that’s not where we’re flying. You have to be a little more careful when you’re operating that far away from the nearest repair shop, because you don’t get any do-overs.” More About Ingenuity Ingenuity began its life at Mars as a technology demonstration. It first flew on April 19, 2021, hovering 10 feet (3 meters) for 30 seconds. Four more flights in as many weeks added 499 seconds and saw the helicopter flying horizontally over the surface for 1,171 feet (357 meters). After proving flight was possible on Mars, Ingenuity entered an operations demonstration phase in May 2021 to show how aerial scouting could benefit future exploration of Mars and other worlds. The Ingenuity Mars Helicopter was built by JPL, which also manages the project for NASA Headquarters. It is supported by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley and NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, provided significant flight performance analysis and technical assistance during Ingenuity’s development. AeroVironment Inc., Qualcomm, and SolAero also provided design assistance and major vehicle components. Lockheed Space designed and manufactured the Mars Helicopter Delivery System. At NASA Headquarters, Dave Lavery is the program executive for the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter. News Media Contacts DC AgleJet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.818-393-9011agle@jpl.nasa.gov Alana Johnson/ Karen FoxNASA Headquarters, Washington202-358-1501 / 301-286-6284alana.r.johnson@nasa.gov / karen.c.fox@nasa.gov 2023-173       Share Details Last Updated Nov 22, 2023 Related Terms Ingenuity (Helicopter)Mars 2020Mars Sample Return (MSR) Explore More 2 min read NASA’s Mars Fleet Will Still Conduct Science While Lying Low Article 2 weeks ago 3 min read NASA’s Perseverance Captures Dust-Filled Martian Whirlwind Article 2 months ago 4 min read Historic Wind Tunnel Facility Testing NASA’s Mars Ascent Vehicle Rocket Article 2 months ago Keep Exploring Discover Related Topics Missions Humans in Space Climate Change Solar System

[usafphantom2]

French General Directorate of Arms receives two Rafale B jets to be modified in the F4.1 standard

Rafale B aircraft are among the 40 aircraft, including 28 of lot 4 and 12 ordered in 2021 to replace the aircraft transferred to Greece.

Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 03/22/2024 - 11:00 in Military

The Directorate General of Armaments (DGA) of France received two two-seat Rafale B aircraft, designated "B364" and "B363", at the Dassault Aviation facilities in Mérignac (Gironde), which will be upgraded to the F4.1 standard.

Initially received in the F3R standard, the Rafale B aircraft underwent software transformation and transition to the F4 standard in Mont-de-Marsan. The F4.1 standard, certified by the DGA in March 2023, introduces capacity improvements, including the integration of the Scorpion helmet visor, improvements in the control of weapons for the use of the Meteor missile and advances in passive threat detection algorithms and data exchange capabilities between Rafale aircraft.

In addition, the F4.1 standard allows the integration of 1,000 kg AASM weapons with GPS/laser guidance, improved protection against cyber threats and updates for important sensors such as Talios, OSF and RBE2. In addition, it marks the first steps in improving connectivity capabilities, with all Rafale aircraft of the French Air and Space Force programmed for modernization to meet the F4 standard.

The two-seat Rafale B aircraft, "B364" and "B363", are part of a larger batch of 40 aircraft, comprising 28 Rafales of lot 4 and 12 aircraft ordered in 2021 to replace the jets transferred to Greece. Although most are allocated to the Air and Space Force, an aircraft will serve as a test bench for development tests.

The 13ª and 14ª aircraft of the lot were delivered in 2024, with a forecast of delivery of the entire lot by the end of 2025. In addition, plans are underway for the delivery of 13 more Rafale aircraft in 2024.

Dassault Aviation leads the industrial architecture of the Rafale program, with contributions from Snecma (Safran group) for engines, Thales for radar systems and companies such as Sagem (Safran group) and MBDA. An order for the 5ª modification batch was made at the end of 2023, with deliveries scheduled to start in 2027.

Tags: Armée de l'air - French Air Force/French Air ForceMilitary AviationDassault AviationDassault RafaleDGA

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Fernando Valduga

Fernando Valduga

Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, he has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Dayton Airshow and FIDAE. He has works published in specialized aviation magazines in Brazil and abroad. He uses Canon equipment during his photographic work in the world of aviation.

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[hera-the-shoggoth]

The following are the contents of the article, including a description of the infobox, listed in succession.

(title of infobox in Chinese and Manchu languages) Chinese Imperial Air Force (English) 中華帝國空軍 (Hanzi) Chung-hua Ti-kuo K'ung-chün (Wade-Giles, the most widely used Chinese romanization system in this timeline)

(Below is the name in Manchu script, it only renders sideways here) ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ‍ᡳ ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ (Manchu) Dulimbai gurun-i Abkai Cooha (Manchu romanization)

Emblem of the Chinese Imperial Air Force:

Symbol consisting of the roundel with a blue-green-white-red dragon flying around the central red sun, vertical red and yellow banners with the name of the air force in white Hanzi and Manchu script, two outspread white bird wings, and the red imperial crown of the Great Qing Emperor

Founded: 10 August 1910; 113 years ago (as Army Flying Corps) 25 December 1929; 93 years ago (as current service)

Country: China Type: Air force

Role: Aerial warfare Airborne forces Air defense

Size: 300,000 active personnel (2023) 4,000+ aircraft (2023) Part of: Chinese Imperial Military Headquarters: Peking (this spelling remained popular in the English-speaking world) Motto(s) 盡忠報國 English: "boundless loyalty to the country" (the text of Yue Fei's famous tattoo) Colors: Blue, yellow, red (a medium cerulean blue, a slightly warm yellow, and a bright cherry red)

March: Quick: Dragon Aviators' March Slow: Five Thousand Years Anniversaries: Air Force Day (14 August) Aviation Day (10 August)

List of Engagements: Late Kuang-hsü Crisis

(Second Canton Revolt)

(Wu-ch'ang Rebellion)

(Hatchet Gang Rebellion) Sino-German War First World War Russian Civil War

(West Siberian Intervention) Warlord Era

(Imperial Protection War)

(Yün-Kwei War)

(Southern Expedition)

(Sinkiang Campaign) Outer Mongolia Insurgency Second Sino-Japanese War Second World War Chinese Civil War

(Tai-wan Strait Crisis) Korean War

(Yalu-Tumen Intervention) Sino-Indian War

(Battle of Bhutan) Tibet Uprising (1959)

(Operation Wind Shadow) Third Indochina War

(Operation Phoenix Eye) Spratly Islands Conflict Indonesia-Malaya War

(Operation Celestial Spear) Uzbekistan War

(Operation Black Tortoise)

Website: (Official website link)

Commanders: Commander-in-Chief: Jui-wen Emperor (era name 睿文, means "Forward-thinking culture") Director of the IDC: Li Kuo-t'ai Minister of War: Marshal Fan Sung-yün Chief of the Air Staff: Marshal Wei Chao-lin

Insignia: Roundel: Concentric circles of blue, yellow, and red, with a thin ring of blue on the outside, a large area of yellow inside it, and a small red circle at the center Fin flash: high visibility, Blue-Yellow-Red tricolor, low visibility yellow and red alone. Ensign: Black Ensign with Qing imperial flag in the canton. In the black field are depictions in white of the Little Dipper and the North Star, arranged in an arc from the middle fly to the lower hoist. The black field represents the night sky and commemorates the air force's famous night raids during World War II.

Aircraft flown: Bomber: Hsi-an JH-7, H-6 Electronic warfare: Russo-Balt RB-154, Shan-hsi Y-8, Shan-hsi Y-9, J-16D Fighter: Chʻêng-tu J-7, Mukden J-8, Chʻêng-tu J-10, Mukden J-11, Mukden J-16, Chʻêng-tu J-20, Samara Sa-27, Sa-30MKK, Sa-35S Helicopter: Harbin Z-8, Harbin Z-9 Attack helicopter: Harbin Z-19, CAIC Z-10 Utility helicopter: Harbin Z-20 Interceptor: Mukden J-8 Trainer: K'un-lun L-15, K'un-lun JL-8, JL-9 Transport: Hsi-an Y-20, Shan-hsi Y-9, Shan-hsi Y-8, Hsi-an Y-7, Zhukovsky Zh-76 Tanker: H-6U, Zh-78

Chinese name in various transcriptions used in this world: Traditional Chinese 中華帝國空軍 (used on the mainland) Simplified Chinese 中华帝国空军 (used on Tai-wan) Literal meaning: Chinese Imperial Air Force Bopomofo: ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄉㄧˇ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄎㄨㄥ ㄐㄩㄣ Wade–Giles: Chung-hua Ti-kuo K'ung-chün Cantonese Jyutping: Zung-waa dai-gwok Hong-gwan

(Below is the separate box for further reading on the Qing military that accompanies the main infobox in most such articles)

Armed Forces of the Great Ch'ing Empire Octagonal symbol known as "the Eight Corners" containing the colors of all the Eight Banners arranged to resemble the character 卐 (Wan, important to state-sponsored Vajrayana religion)

Executive departments:

Imperial Defence Council

Ministry of War

Staff:

Director of the IDC

General Staff of the Military

Works Department of the IDC

Censorate of the IDC

Services:

Chinese Imperial Military

Army

Navy

Air Force

Strategic Support

Independent troops:

Military Police Force

T'uan-lien Militia

Pao-chia Guards

Eight Banners

Special operations force:

Special Operations Department

Special Police Unit of the MPF

Snow Leopard Commando Unit

Mountain Eagle Commando Unit

Other troops:

CIM Joint Logistics Support Force

Military districts:

Eastern Theater Command

Southern Theater Command

Western Theater Command

Northern Theater Command

Central Theater Command

History of the Chinese military

Military history of China

Military ranks of China

Ranks of the Imperial Army

Ranks of the Imperial Navy

Ranks of the Imperial Air Force

(Main body of the article below here)

The Chinese Imperial Air Force (CIAF; Chinese: 中華帝國空軍; Wade–Giles: Chung-hua Ti-kuo K'ung-chün), also referred to as the Chinese Air Force (中華空軍) or the Imperial Air Force (帝國空軍), is the principal aerial service of the Great Ch'ing Empire, a part of the Chinese Imperial Military along with the Imperial Navy and the Imperial Army. The CIAF was officially established on 25 December 1929 and it is composed of five branches: aviation, ground-based air defense, radar, Airborne Corps and other support elements.

The development of the CIAF began with the creation of the Pei-yang Army Flying Corps in 1910, which flew French biplanes in reconaissance and bombing operations against rebels. With the splintering of the Pei-yang Army in 1916, elements of the Flying Corps entered the service of the various warlords vying for control of the government. During the First World War, ten bombers were shipped to Shang-hai for the Peking Government's use in dislodging the German Navy from Kiautschou Bay. The Flying Corps would participate in the Southern Expedition using primarily the Avro Avenger fighter aircraft and the Avro Aldershot heavy bomber provided by the United Kingdom, and in 1929, with the warlords brought together or defeated, the Air Staff was created as a separate branch of the military. The UK also assisted with the expansion of the Chinese aerospace industry during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Changes in the organization of the CIAF followed by modernization programs in the 1980s and increased technology development in the 21st century resulted in the J-20 stealth multirole fighter, the first of its kind for China.

The Air Force's mission is to secure the objectives of the Imperial Defence Council which are to "provide necessary security and defense of the Empire and to support the Government's international obligations". The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of the Air Staff, who exercises supervision over Air Force units, while the IDC assigns Air Force components to unified combatant commands. Some units are also ceremonially affiliated with the Eight Banners, but since 1931 have been functionally integrated into the civilian command structure. The Helicopter Command contains most of the rotary-wing aircraft of the CIAF. Most of the air force is based in Mainland China, but some units do serve on foreign operations (principally over Manipur and Bukhara) or at long-established foreign bases (Havana, Ream, Djibouti, and Gorno-Badakhshan). Although the CIAF is the principal Chinese air power arm, the Imperial Navy's Fleet Air Corps and the Army Air Corps also operate armed aircraft.

Contents: 1 History 1.1 Origins 1.2 Warlord Era and Yüan Ch'en 1.3 First United Front 1.4 Second Sino-Japanese War 1.5 Chinese Civil War 1.6 Korean War to the Sino-Russian Split 1.7 1970s to 1980s 1.8 P'ing-hsiang era (平祥, Peaceful and Auspicious) 1.9 Jui-wen era 2 Personnel 2.1 Ranks and insignia 2.2 Commanders 3 Structure 3.1 Senior leadership 3.2 Headquarters 3.3 Commands 3.3.1 Transport command 3.3.2 Long-range command 3.3.3 Expeditionary command 3.3.4 Training and research 3.4 Order of battle 3.5 Airbases 3.6 Aerobatic display team 4 Aircraft 4.1 Combat air 4.2 Intelligence 4.3 Maritime patrol 4.4 Helicopters 4.5 Training aircraft 4.6 Advanced jet training 5 See also 6 References 6.1 Citations 6.2 Sources 7 Further reading 8 External links

History: (Further information: link to page "Aviation in China")

Origins:

Today's Chinese Imperial Air Force (CIAF) traces its roots back to August 10, 1910 when the government authorized the creation of the Army Flying Corps in an effort to improve intelligence and gain the upper hand on insurrections. On the same day, construction began on Peking Nan-yüan Airport as part of a program to modernize national infrastructure. Initiated in the wake of the Boxer Protocol in 1901, the Keng-tzu New Policies were ordered by the Empress Dowager Tz'ŭ-hsi to reform government bureaucracy along with the military, and by the start of the Hsuan-t'ung reign a group of preparatory departments had been organized for experimentation with new technology and administrative systems. In 1903 an imperial edict expanded the Wu-wei Corps to 36 divisions, creating the Pei-yang Army, in 1905 the Imperial Examinations were abolished, and in 1907 a new law code and judicial system were rolled out. That same year, the tax code was reformed and the rail system was nationalized, which greatly helped the empire's finances but caused significant unrest as well.

With the death of Jung-lu in 1903, General of the Right Division Yüan Shih-k'ai became commander of the Pei-yang Army. His role in the 1898 coup d'état against the Kuang-hsü Emperor made him many enemies, and when the empress dowager and the emperor died within a day of each other in 1909, he was forced to resign by Prince Ch'ün and return to his home village ostensibly for health reasons. In spite of this, Yüan remained in communication with his associates in the army. In the wake of the February 1910 Keng-hsü Army Uprising, he authorized the Pei-yang Army to found a flight school at Nan-yüan to train a group of eight pilots to fly reconnaisance using Cauldron Type D biplanes purchased from France, improving the army's ability to respond. In early 1911, the Aviation Research Institute was founded.[6]

Warlord Era and Yüan Ch'en:

(Photo labeled "Nan-yüan Air Force Academy drillmasters in front of Avro aircraft") (Photo labeled "Voisin V in Shang-hai")

In 1911, a major popular uprising began in Canton while another army mutiny occurred at Wu-ch'ang. In a panic, Empress Dowager Lung-yü convinced Yüan to come out of retirement and lead the war effort in exchange for the position of Prime Minister and the final adoption of the Hsuan-t'ung Constitution. The rebellion was crushed by the end of 1912, and the T'ung-meng-hui (TMH) revolutionary society was forced to flee to Japan once again with numerous dead. With the south pacified, Yüan feared he would no longer be of use to the Ch'ing court. In spite of the bureaucrats' protests, he brought his army into the capital in order to protect himself and his allies from execution, essentially holding the court hostage. For five years, he and his majority Han chinese cabinet ruled the country.

Reasoning that China desired a new Han-ruled dynasty, Yüan revised the constitution to make himself a dictator before announcing plans to seize the throne as the Hung-hsien Emperor of Great Ch'en, allowing his army to plunder Manchu estates as northern Chinese cities descended into racial violence. The Ch'ing court fled to Gan-su, where support for Han rule was lower, under the protection of Ma An-liang and Shaan-hsi governor Ch'ien Neng-hsün. With the divided country now in civil war, many of Yüan's closest supporters abandoned him, and the solidarity of his Beiyang clique of military protégés dissolved. The Hung-hsien Emperor was opposed by not only the Ch'ing and the minorities, but far more importantly by his subordinate military commanders, who believed that his usurpation would allow him to rule without depending on the support of the military.

A coalition of governors and officers led by An-hui governor Liang Tun-yen launched the Imperial Protection War against him, officially in the name of the Hsuan-t'ung Emperor, while the Air Corps rebelled as well and dropped bombs on the Forbidden City. Yüan's health continued to decline, and his death in 1916 paved the way for the return of K'ang Yu-wei and other anti-Yüan reformist exiles. The Prince Ch'ing Cabinet retook control of the capital, denouncing Yüan and purging his allies, while government authority was greatly damaged. Provinces broke away and the TMH returned in 1917 to start a Han-nationalist insurgency in Hunan.

The fall of Yüan Shih-k'ai created a power vacuum and fractured the army. Fearing for their lives, many of the southern Pei-yang generals revolted and took control of the provinces as military governors. Minister of War Wang Shih-chen, nominally in charge of the Pei-yang Army, abolished it and reorganized the loyalist forces into the Chinese Imperial Military. Expanding the airbases at Nan-yüan and Ta hsiao-ch'ang, Marshal Wang was able to acquire more machines from Britain and France when the new army attacked the German Leased Territory of Kiautschou Bay in 1917 and China was drawn into the First World War.

As part of the allied Operation Asher, ten Voisin V pusher bombers were produced in France and shipped to Shang-hai. In spite of having defeated the 1914 allied attack, by this time the garrison was low on supplies and the Chinese aircraft proved devastating to German morale during the Second Siege of Tsing-tao. An avid aviation enthusiast, the Hsuan-tung Emperor himself also took great interest in the development of the Air Corps, and when he assumed direct rule in 1924 he personally invested large amounts of his constitutional subsidy into it.

First United Front:

During the late 1920s, the Ch'ing Imperial Government formed the first united front with the liberal T'ung-meng Hui (TMH) party against competing warlords in a bid to reunite a fractionalized China, combining the liberal Wu-han Government with the Imperial Assembly. In this period, various airplanes were purchased and deployed by warlords in their struggle for power until nominal Chinese reunification in 1929 following the Southern Expedition which saw the use of Avro Aldershot heavy bombers to inflict serious damage on the infrastructure of several provinces in support of the government offensives. That year, the CIAF was designated as an independent branch of the armed forces. The eighteen graduate pilots of the military flight school included nine republican and nine monarchist pilots who were sent to the Russian Federation for two years of advanced flight training under the tutelage of the more experienced Russian Air Force. Two of the imperial graduates, Kuo Tzu-han and Sung Chien-yü, continued to serve in the Russian Air Force for five years until, in September 1928, they returned to Ti-hua as instructors.

At the same time, Tsai-chen the fifth Prince Ch'ing established the Bureau of Aeronautics in 1920. Subsequently, the organization continued to develop, and successively established an aircraft factory, an aviation command, and a new aviation school in Hsi-an. In May 1927, the Aviation Department of the Ministry of War was changed to the Aviation Committee of the Defense Council of the Imperial Government. By 1929, the government's aviation force was officially independent from the Army General Command and became an independent service.

Second Sino-Japanese War:

(Photo labelled "Self-developed Chinese transport aircraft during the Battle of Ch'ang-sha")

Following the abolition of many of their social privileges in the Hsin-wei Reform Act, many Banner families experienced poverty and violence. In response to perceived neglect, they became disaffected with the Hsuan-t'ung Emperor. Some sided with the northeastern Pei-yang Army generals of the Fêng-tʻien Clique, while some sought support from Imperial Japan.

A minor dispute known as the Wan-pao-shan incident between Han and Korean farmers occurred on July 1, 1931. The issue was highly sensationalized in the Imperial Japanese and Korean press, and used for considerable propaganda effect to increase anti-Chinese sentiment in the Empire of Japan. Believing that a conflict in Manchuria would be in the best interests of Japan, Kwantung Army Colonel Seishirō Itagaki devised a plan to provoke Japan into invading Manchuria by setting up a false flag incident for the pretext of invasion. The Independent Garrison Unit of the 29th Infantry Regiment (which guarded the South Manchuria Railway) placed explosives near the tracks, but far enough away to do no real damage.

On the morning of September 19, two artillery pieces installed at the Mukden officers' club opened fire on the Chinese garrison nearby, in response to the alleged Chinese attack on the railway. Chang Hsueh-liang's small air force was destroyed, and his soldiers fled their destroyed Pei-ta-ying barracks, as five hundred Japanese troops attacked the Chinese garrison of around seven thousand. The Chinese troops were no match for the experienced Japanese troops. By the evening, the fighting was over, and the Japanese had occupied Mukden at the cost of five hundred Chinese lives and only two Japanese lives, thus starting the greater invasion of Manchuria. By 1932, most of the region was under Japanese control and the Empire of Manchukuo was created, while a young member of the Hitara clan was enthroned in Ch'ang-ch'un as the K'ang-te Emperor.

The CIAF immediately dispatched combat aircraft to the Hung-ch'iao Aerodrome during the January 28th Incident of 1932, and aerial skirmishes occurred for the first time between China and the Imperial Japanese. In February 1932, US Reserve Lt. Robert McCawley Short, who was transporting armed Chinese aircraft, shot down an IJN aircraft on February 19, 1932, and downed another on February 22 before he was killed (he was posthumously raised to the rank of colonel in the CIAF). During the early days of China's war of resistance against the Japanese invasion, the Imperial Air Force participated in several battles, including attacking Imperial Japanese Navy warships along the Yangtze River and supporting the Battle of Shang-hai. By this time, the Imperial Air Force's main fighter models were the Curtiss Hawk II and Hawk III fighters. On August 14, 1937, Japanese Imperial Navy bombers bombed Hang-chou Chien-ch'iao Airport, but was defeated by the CIAF; therefore, August 14 was designated as Air Force Day by the Imperial Government. In May 1938, the CIAF dispatched two B-10 bombers to Japan to drop leaflets.

By the middle of the war, intelligence units of the Imperial Japanese Navy cracked the radio codes of the Chinese army, putting the Air Force under attack. In the middle and late stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the addition of Chennault and other foreign pilots, as well as the support provided by the United States after joining the Allies, restructured the combat power of the CIAF and participated in the Hsin-chu Air Attack, and air raids on Japan. After the end of World War II, in June 1946, the Aviation Committee of the Military Committee of the Imperial Government was changed to the General Command of the Air Force.

Chinese Civil War:

In January 1941, as intensifying clashes between imperial and TMH forces ended the second united front against invading Japanese forces, the government's Imperial Defense Council (IDC) established the Air Force Engineering School with Kuo as commandant and Sung as head instructor. In May 1944, just over a year before the Japanese surrender to Allied forces, the IDC established an Aviation Section in Hsi-an with Kuo as its director and Sung as deputy director. Two years later in May 1946 and after the withdrawal of Japanese troops, the IDC established the Northeast Old Aviation School in Kirin. By 1949 the Aviation Section of the IDC had 560 trained personnel (125 pilots and 435 ground support specialists), purchased 435 aircraft from the Russian Federation, acquired 115 republican aircraft, and operated seven military flight schools.

During the Second Civil War between the T'ung-meng Hui and the Imperial Government from 1946 to 1949, the Air Corps of the Republic of China participated in combat support and air strikes against the CIAF on the mainland and around the Tai-wan Strait. In October of the same year, the ACROC assisted in stopping the advance of the Chinese Imperial Army at the Battle of Ku-ning-t'ou in Quemoy, and in April 1949, the Air Corps retreated to the former Japanese colony of Tai-wan along with other government departments of the ROC. In October 1952, Marshal Chou Ên-lai and the battle-hardened army of the Chinese Communist Party broke with the T'ung-meng Hui and launched a successful revolution with the help of Indigenous Taiwanese, abolishing the National Assembly of the TMH and founding the People's Republic of China; the world's second socialist state after India. The ACROC sided with the revolution and became the PRCAAF. As relations soured between the left liberal governments of NATO and the right authoritarian governments of the Eurasian Pact, the United States intervened on behalf of the PRC and preserved the island's self-government. There have been at least 11 air battles in the area since 1952.

The real opportunity to obtain a large number of aircraft came from the Northeast Alliance Aviation School established in 1946 after the end of the Anti-Japanese War. At this time, the Imperial Government seized Japanese-made aircraft, trained pilots, and received a large number of American-made aircraft from the surrendered ROC Air Force in southeast China and Nanking during the civil war. On March 17, 1949, personnel were transferred from the Northeast Aviation School to establish the "Imperial Defence Council Aviation Bureau" in Peking. The director Ch'ang Ch'ien-k'un (the executive vice president of the Northeast Aviation School), under the Combat Education Department, Aeronautical Engineering Department, Civil Aviation Department, Information Section and Supply Section, staffed 64 people. In May 1949, the Navigation Management Office, the Secretariat, and the Imperial Office were added, and the number was expanded to 172 people. The major military regions have since successively established aviation divisions.

(end of finished part of article)

Notes:

While they are strange bedfellows, the strategic importance of Tai-wan Island was sufficient for the US to accept the existence of the PRC; the start of a similar reconciliation as began in the 1970s during Detente.

In this timeline, the White Movement won the Russian Civil War. Specifically, the Provisional All-Russian Government or "Ufa Directory" of Alexander Kolchak defeated the Bolsheviks in 1919, retaking Moscow and Petrograd partially with the help of a Qing expeditionary force which aided the Basmachi rebels in Central Asia and helped hold sections of the Trans-Siberian Railway alongside the Czechoslovak Legion. Kolchak was assassinated by a monarchist in 1920, which began a second phase of the civil war. The conflict ended in 1922 when the Ufa Directory combined with the Samara Government to form a federal republic of Russia dominated mostly by Kadets and Right SRs.

Primary Stage Socialism is still very young in this world and revolutionary parties have only been successful in the Global South. During the alternate Cold War, the western bloc was primarily fighting the Eurasian Pact of the Greater White Movement and gave military assistance to any allies it could find from the PRC to India to Iraq. Only after the main phase of the Cold War ended did the US and NATO begin to turn against these countries.