#yongle civilization 6

[puttingrobloxmanfaceonthings]

Yongle from Civilization 6

[bookofjin]

Annals of Taihe 16 (492)

[From WS007.]

[Taihe 16, 14 February 492 – 1 February 493]

16th Year, Spring, 1st Month, wuwu, New Moon [14 February], banqueted the crowd of subjects in the Taihua Hall. When the Emperor first made the kings and dukes rise up, the bell frames then did not play music.

On jiwei [15 February], ancestral sacrifices to Xianzu, August Emperor Xianwen at the Hall of Light, using him to pair with the High Deity. Thereupon ascended the Numinous Terrace [lingtai], so as to observe the clouds' colour. He descended to dwell at the Qingyang Left Side-room, and set out government affairs. On every New Moon, he relied on it as the regular practice.

On yinyou [17 February], first used Taizu to pair at the southern suburbs.

On renxu [18 February], decreed to settle the sequence of the Agents [xing], using Water to inherit Metal.

On jiazi [20 February], decreed to cease with libations for the Founders [or “grandfather”][?].

On yichou [21 February], regulated that the various distant family members who were not sons and grandsons of Taizu, and [those with] a different family name who had been made Kings, all be demoted to become Dukes, the Dukes to become Marquises, the Marquises to become Earls. Counts and Barons were to continue as in the past. All demoted in their titles as Generals.

On wuchen [24 February], the Emperor presided at the Siyi Hall. Recorded the questions to the Flowering and Filial.

On bingzi [3 March], first used the first month of the season to worship at the temple.

2nd Month, wuzi [15 March], the Emperor moved to hold sway at the Yongle [“Forever Happiness”] Palace.

On gengyin [17 March], demolished the Taihua Hall. Arranged and begun on the Taiji [“Grand Eminence”] Hall.

On xinmao [18 March], ceased with cold food banquets.

On renchen [19 March], favoured the Northern Section Bureau, and successively observed the various departments. Toured and scrutinized the Capital District, and listened to and managed grievances and disputes.

On jiawu [21 March], began the morning sun at the eastern suburbs, and thereupon used it as the regular practice.

On dingyou [24 March], decreed sacrifices to Yao of Tang at Pingyang, to Shun of Yu at Guangning, to Yu of Xia and Anyi, and to Wen of Zhou at Luoyang.

On dingwei [3 April], decreed that the posthumous title of Xuanni be the Civil and Sagely [wensheng] Father Ni [nifu]. Announced the posthumous title at Kong's Temple.

[Master Kong, courtesy name Zhongni, had received the posthumous title Xuanni during Western Han.]

3rd Month, dingmao [23 March], toured and scrutinized the Imperial District.

On guiyou [29 April], scrutinized the western suburbs sundry affairs of suburban sacrifices to Heaven.

On yihai [1 May], the Chariot Drove to begin welcome the vapours at the southern suburbs, from then on considered it to be the regular practice.

On xinsi [7 May], used the King of Gaoli, Lian's grandson Yun as the king of his state.

Xiao Ze dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

This Month [13 April – 12 May], the states of Gaoli and Dengzhi both dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

4th Month, dinghai, New Moon [13 May], distributed the new statutes and orders. A great amnesty Under Heaven.

On guisi [19 May], the state of Qinie dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

On jiayin [9 June], favoured the August Lineage School, and personally asked the Broad Scholars on the righteousness of the classics.

5th Month, guiwei [8 July], decreed the Crowd of Subjects at Huangxin Fore-Hall to further settle the arrangements of the statutes, the drifting followers to be limited and regulated. The Emperor personally presided over and determined them.

6th Month, jichou [14 July], the state of Gaoli dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

On jiachen [29 July], a decree said:

To concern oneself with agriculture and put weight on grains is what is first in kingly government. To exhort and take the lead in fields and farmland is a lordly person's regular service. Now the Four Vapours are in felicitous sequence, the season is enriched with torrential and freshness. [We] ought to make use of heaven and divide the earth, and thoroughly put [our] strength into the eastern cultivated lands. However among the people of the Imperial City, those who drift around for food are multitude, they do not put into practice the supervisions and exhortations, sometimes the weed hoe neglects the season. Can dispatched clarifying envoys to examine and investigate [so that who] is industrious or indolent is hence known.

Autumn, 7th Month, gengshen [14 August], the Heir of Tuyuhun, Helutou, came to court.

On renxu [16 August], a decree said:

A King establishes officials and allots responsibilities, [his robes] fall down and he folds [his hands] with his duties completed, he wields the web and lifts the mainstays, the multitude eyes [of the net] are thus managed. Our virtue is beholden to knowing people, how will [We] be able to be reflective and perceptive when the followers turn aside from the righteousness of the lord's appointments and conferrals. From now on, when selecting and recommending, always use the final month [of the season] for the original bureau together the personnel section to weigh and choose.

On jiaxu [28 August], decreed the Combined Outer Staff Cavalier in Regular Attendance Song Bian and the Combined Outer Staff Cavalier Attendant Gentleman Fang Liang as envoys to Xiao Ze.

8th Month, gengyin [13 September], the Chariot Drove to begin the evening moon at the western suburb, and thereupon used it as the regular practice.

On xinmao [14 September], the state of Gaoli dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

On ziwei [18 September], decreed the King of Yangping, Yi, and the Supervisor of the Left, Lu Rui, to supervise 12 generals and 70 000 cavalry, and chastise the Ruanruan.

On bingwu [29 September], the King of Dangchang, Liang Micheng came to court.

The Minister over the Masses, Yu Yuan, yielded his position due to his venerable age.

On jiyou [2 October], used Yu Yuan as Thrice Venerable, You Minggen as Five-times Experienced. Also nurtured the venerable of the state, and the venerable of the myriads. The generals acted out the rite of Great Shooting. It rained, and they did not manage to complete it.

On guichou [6 October], a decree said:

The Ways of the Civil and Martial matters since ancient times have acted together, in the grants of awesome beneficence they surely rely on each other. For that reason the Thrice and the Five-times are the utmost in benevolence, but there still are the affairs of conquests and offensives. Xia and Yin were enlightened and percipient while still not setting aside the acts of troops and armour. As such, if Under Heaven there is only peace, to neglect warfare is perilous. And to not teach the people war can be said to be throwing them away.

Hence Zhou established the office of Marshal, and Han set up the duties of General, both by these means assisted the civil and strengthened the martial, their awesomeness and majesty [dominating] the Four Regions. The house of state, even though venerating the civil so as to holding dear the Nine Harnessed [regions], cultivated the martial so as to soothe the Eight Wildernesses. However in their methods for practising the martial, they were still not thorough.

Now then for instruction in the civil there are standards, [but] the teachings in the martial are faulty. Before generals on horses are shooting, first act to explain the models of the martial. [We] can direct to have the ministers prepare and repair the open spaces and enclosures. Should for the ceremonies with rows and columns, and the numbering of the five military implements, separately wait for later directives.

9th Month, jiayin, New Moon [7 October], greatly put in order the even and odd numbered ancestors. Sacrificed to the the Grand August Empress Dowager Wenming at the Dark Room.

On xinwei [24 October], the Emperor, since it was the Grand August Empress Dowager Wenming' second dreaded day [anniversary of her death], wept at the left side of the mound and renounced meals for two days, weeping without interruption in the sound.

On xinsi [3 November], the King of Wuxing, Yang Jishi came to court.

Winter, 10th Month, yiyou [7 November], the state of Dengzhi dispatched envoys to court to present.

On jihai [21 November], used the Grand Tutor, the King of Anding, Xiu, as Great Marshal; the Specially Advanced Feng Dan as Minister over the Masses.

On jiachen [26 November], decreed to use the merited subjects to pair at banquets at the Grand Temple.

On bingwu [28 November], the state of Gaoli dispatched envoys to court to present.

On gengxu [2 December], the Taiji Hall was completed. A great banquet for the crowd of subjects.

11th Month, yimao [7 December], relied on the ancient Six Rear-chambers, to evaluate and regulate the Three Rooms. Used the Anchang Hall as the Inner Rear-chamber, the Huangxin Fore-Hall as the Middle Rear-chamber, the four below as the Outer Rear-chambers.

12th Month [4 January – 1 February], bestowed on the elderly people of the imperial district dove-shaped canes.

This Month, Xiao Ze dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

[linuxgamenews]

Civilization VI: Leader Pass due to release soon

Leader Pass game content due to hit Civilization VI on Linux, Mac, and Windows PC. Thanks to the work of both Firaxis Games and Aspyr Media. Working to make its way onto Steam soon. Just recently, 2K now brings you Civilization VI: Leader Pass. This is also a new season pass that adds 18 new playable leader selections to Civilization VI. Due to offering players more ways to rule in the epic strategy game. Leader Pass content will be coming via six DLC packs. They are due to release from November 21, 2022, through March 2023. The first DLC, Great Negotiators Pack, will be scheduled to release next week on November 21, 2022. According to the Steam page and SteamDB, Linux will be included. Civilization VI: Leader Pass tests players to break out of their comfort zones. Doing so with new paths to politics, war, expansion, and more. While featuring 12 leaders brand new to Civilization VI. Along with 6 new takes on current Civilization leaders. Each leader comes with a suite of amazing new or updated abilities. Along with their own unique agendas that'll change the way you play. Yet doing so over the course of five exciting months of world control.

Sid Meier’s Civilization VI | Leader Pass Announcement Trailer

The Civilization VI: Leader Pass bundles the following. But more detail for each leader’s abilities to come closer to release:

Great Negotiators Pack (Pack #1): Coming November 21, 2022; test your tact skills with the Great Negotiators Pack. Including Abraham Lincoln (United States) and Queen Nzinga Mbande (Kongo). Also the Sultan Saladin (Arabia);

Great Commanders Pack (Pack #2): Lead your troops to victory with the Great Commanders Pack. This will include Tokugawa (Japan) and Nader Shah (Persia)3. Plus Suleiman the Magnificent (Ottoman Empire)4;

Rulers of China Pack (Pack #3): Build some new empires with the Rulers of China Pack. Leader Pass will include Yongle, Qin Shi Huang the Unifier, and Wu Zetian;

Rulers of the Sahara Pack (Pack #4): Revisit the cradle of humanity with the Rulers of the Sahara Pack. Due to include Ramses (Egypt) and Ptolemaic Cleopatra (Egypt). As well as King Sundiata Keita (Mali)4;

Great Builders Pack (Pack #5): Rebuild the world better than ever with the Great Builders Pack. This includes Theodora (Byzantines)5 and Sejong (Korea)6. Plus Ludwig II (Germany);

Ruler of England Pack (Pack #6): Fill out your growing expanse of rulers. Doing so with the Rulers of England Pack. These include Elizabeth I (England) and Varangian Harald Hardrada (Norway). Along with Victoria - Age of Steam (England).

For new and existing Civilization VI Anthology owners on Steam for Linux, Mac, and Windows PC, Civilization VI: Leader Pass is included at no extra cost. Civilization VI: Leader Pass will also be available to purchase each pack on Steam.

[elvendorks]

11 questions tag

1. Roadtrip, or fly direct to a destination? Why?

I guess I would personally pick both. Because for me they mean different things. Since Costa Rica is a pretty small country, you rarely see people using a plane to fly from one part of the country to another. For me planes mean international trips (which I’ve never done, I’m actually diung my first one in a few days) and roadtrips mean travelling inside the country (which I love because you get to see so much stuff over here).

2. Heater breaks in your house in the cold, or A/C breaks in the heat of summer?

I’ve never had A/C or a heater ahaha. I’m used to the heat because I live in the tropics so I guess maybe A/C failing in the heat of the summer.

3. What’s something that’s coming up that you’re nervous about, and how do you plan to face it?

I’m nervous about my first trip out of the country. I’ve never gone on a plane and I’m also a bit worried that I’ll forget to take things with me or lose something while I’m staying there. I honestly can only think of making lists of what I’m taking so I don’t forget anything.

4. What’s a line from a song/poem/book that consistently moves you, every time you read or hear it?

Honestly all of Spring Day by BTS makes me want to cry all the time. But when I think of a certain part of the song that always makes my heart clench is the bridge. “You know it all, you’re my best friend. The morning will come again. Because no darkness, no season can last forever.” It makes me think of my relationship with my best friend. And also the fact that Namjoon and Yoongi wrote that about each other.

5. First five things I see if I walk into your house/room?

When I walk into my room, the first things I see are my bed, then my bedside table, my charger and a book (I keep those two things on my bedside table), then I see my desk and finally my flip flops on the floor.

6. It’s a beautifully rainy day with your bias— gray skies, gentle rain, cold. How do you spend it?

Cuddling under a blanket with maybe some music playing, like maybe we’d show each other songs we think the other will like or maybe just talking with music in the background, I’d like to run my fingers through his hair and tell him how perfect he is.

7. If you’re at a party (or just large gathering), where do you usually find yourself located/standing? (Near the food, by the wall or speakers, etc)

Usually I walk around. Most of the time I’m close to the food, but I tend to grow uncomfortable around strangers so I look for people I know.

8. What do you wear when running errands on the weekends?

It depends on the day, but I usually try to look good, I kinda like dressing up cute but comfortable. I either go for all black or pastel shirts and jeans. I always use a bow in my hair because one side tends to get messy so I hide it. Earrings, my ring and my three bracelets are a must. Shoes are usually sneakers.

9. When you’re working, which do you prefer: overhead light or lamplight?

OVERHEAD LIGHT. I hate lamps, for a while I tried using one to study at night BUT IT WAS AN AWFUL EXPERIENCE.

10. You’re exploring a new city for the next couple of days. How does your schedule look like (if you make one at all?)

I’ll probably look for nice hostorical places to visit first or things to do that I can’t do in my hometown. For example, my hometown does not have cafés or pretty bakeries so I look for those, or like I can’t go to an aquarium because there aren’t any close to my hometown so if the town I’m visiting has one, I’ll plan to go. 

11. Your bias snags the seat across from you at the cafe because everywhere else is taken. How do you respond?

I’ll probably try to be chill. I mean I would obviously try to start conversation but as civil as I can. Like I actually wouldn’t want to go all fangirl on him because it might make him feel awkward. I would mention the fact that I really admire him and his work though.

So, thanks to @randomclickbait​ for tagging me, ily

Okay I want to tag @yongles @hyo4675 @celiaqi98 @suga-honey-icedtea @kbounded @jjang-jjang-hope

[afishtrap]

Triangular relations which frame China and Japan as two sides of an isosceles triangle usually focus on the United States as the significant third side. This edited book examines another relatively underexplored set of triangular relations - those between China, Japan and Southeast Asia. The region, comprised of eleven small and medium-size states, is often considered inconsequential in the tempestuous world of international politics where political clout, economic prowess, military strength and soft power matter most. Often seen as easily dominated by extra-regional great powers, this volume reconsiders the region's relationship with China and Japan, their two Asian neighbours to the northeast which also happen to be the world's second and third largest economies. While China and Japan do compete for turf in Southeast Asia, states in the region do not perceive themselves as strategic pawns of these two great Asian powers but instead as proactively engaging China and Japan in the region. The country-specific case studies of this book collectively support the thesis that the Southeast Asian states actively seek to manoeuvre between China and Japan for their own advantage and at the same time grapple with developments in Northeast Asia through regional integration efforts. Through the establishment of benchmark norms and values, Southeast Asia attempts to socialise China and Japan and other external powers to the ASEAN way. Indeed, Southeast Asia as a region is now the driver of East Asian multilateralism and regionalism, and the East Asian reality is that Southeast Asia is a major political, economic and cultural player in its own right vis-a-vis the great powers.

Lam, Peng Er. and Teo, Victor.  Southeast Asia between China and Japan / Lam Peng Er and Victor Teo  Cambridge Scholars Publishing Newcastle Upon Tyne, England  2012.

By and large, China’s impressions of Southeast Asia were relatively limited in the early imperial period. The epistemological foundation of early knowledge of Nanyang (Southern Seas) in China was largely drawn from foreign tributary missions and traders who arrived from Southeast Asia from the 5th century onwards. These impressions were documented and passed down through successive generations of Chinese political leadership until Chinese merchants during the early Sung period brought back first-hand knowledge of the region.5 Regardless of the accuracy of these accounts, the accumulated record of these experiences cannot be underestimated in its impact upon the successive Chinese emperors. 6 Southeast Asia then was to the Chinese a far flung land separated and cut off (隔绝) from continental China by a massive body of water, and that as early as the 5th century an emporium had existed at various times in Western Indonesia, where well-stocked ships sailed to China.7 8 From the 6th century onwards, the historical interactions of China and Southeast Asia were thus predominantly made up of merchants, traders, court emissaries and missionaries traversing the region. Srivajaya for one had served as a major Buddhist centre for Chinese monks traveling there to obtain scriptures that originated from India. 9 At the same time, trade between Indian Ocean merchants, the European trading companies with China and Japan was the reason for the expansion of trans-Asian trade for kingdoms like Srivajaya and Malacca and their prosperity.10

Over the course of the next few centuries, trade was therefore the dominant conduit by which the kingdoms of Southeast Asia established relations with China. Historians such as John King Fairbank, who has written on the “Chinese World Order” posited a “Sino-centric hierarchical world order” in which China had a superior-inferior, overlord vassal relationship with her neighbors. 11 This idea of the “Chinese World Order” has somewhat been immortalized in narratives of Asian history, and in brief, this system characterizes the model for the conduct of Chinese foreign and trading relations. The vassal states will pay tribute to the Chinese Emperor confirming the superiority of the Chinese civilization and the overlord status of the Chinese court, and in return the Chinese Emperor will confer titles, ranks and riches (many times the tribute given by the vassal state). Today, the idea that Japan, Korea or Southeast Asia states were at some point in history “vassal” states to China in the said tributary system is a contentious (and possibly an offensive) one, not just to ardent nationalists but also to the average citizens in countries concerned. At the onset, this chapter acknowledges the validity of the evidence that supports both sides of the debate as to the nature and the efficacy of the “tributary system” thesis. There is however no question as to whether the political units in question did in fact paid tribute to China (however intermittently). What is questionable is whether the act of paying tributes renders them “vassal” states of China, and this is something the chapter will attempt to address later on.

[...]

However, the picture garnered from a closer reading of Southeast Asian history offers a very complicated and nuanced picture. China has in fact not maintained a consistent and rigid tributary relationship with all or most of the Southeast Asian Kingdoms since time immemorial. Throughout the course of the last millennium, various Southeast Asian Kingdoms such as Siam, Majaphahit, Palembang, Malacca, Annam all had active but intermittent relations with China. In other words, China’s political relations with Southeast Asia appeared more sporadic and less sustained than her economic and cultural relations with the region. Even at the height of Chinese power – as exemplified by the naval voyages undertaken by Zheng He, it was still debatable whether the Chinese had a consistent and resilient diplomatic connection with the region.14,15 The fact that there were also periods of maritime trade bans in the Ming and Qing dynasties accompanied by drastic reductions in China-Southeast Asian trade means that the tributary system needs to be examined more closely.

To understand the periods where there were bans, it would be crucial to examine what the Ming and Qing emperors hoped to accomplish by controlling the maritime trade. The first Ming Emperor Hongwu believed he was restoring traditional Chinese values by suppressing overseas trade and restructuring the tribute system, while Yongle (the third Ming Emperor) through Zheng He’s voyages countered coastal disorder, extended Chinese hegemony and asserted state power over seaborne traffic. 16 Yongle’s successor canceled Zheng He’s expeditions (thus eliminating Yongle’s initiatives) but left Hongwu’s ban on private trade in place. This meant that there was a glut in seafaring manpower and expertise along the coast, reverting to the state of affairs before Yongle came into power, i.e. an increase in piracy and smuggling in these areas, undoing Yongle’s efforts in the first instance. The “wokou” (Japanese pirates) were in fact Chinese mariners, acting in concert with some Japanese as well as foreigners (i.e. Westerners such as the Portuguese) who were not allowed to partake in the tributary system. It was not until 1567 when the ban was partially lifted and tributary trade was in effect eliminated. During the Qing Dynasty, these bans were again put in place, especially in the areas near Taiwan, as the Qing regime sought to ensure that the Ming Loyalists based in Taiwan could not threaten the regime.

Furthermore, it was also clear that at the height of Qing power and influence (i.e. the reigns of Emperors Kangxi 1661-1722; Yongzheng 1722-1735; Qianlong 1722-1735), Chinese settlers had already moved to various Southeast Asian territories to make a living. Mostly from the Southern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian, some of these settlements had grown to a substantial size. Yet the Qing government did not show any interest in engaging these settlements as either an extension of the empire nor as vassal states. Of late, one of the most curious cases is the Lanfang “Republic”, ostensibly a mining kongsi17 based in North Borneo from the 1770s onwards. Drawing from documents recorded by the Dutch East India Company, several scholars18 have written on the founding of these Chinese Kongsis. Ironically even as these Kongsis grew in size and stature, the overtures made by the leaders of these Kongsis to become vassal states of China, with similar status as Annam (Vietnam) and Chosun (Korea) were turned down. Luo, the founder of Lanfang Kongsi had in fact great ambition to turn the Lanfang settlement under his leadership into an “outer country” (外藩) and aspired to pay tribute to the Qing emperor every year, but this did not materialize because the Qing regime had imposed a ban on Chinese who had migrated from returning to China. 19 This discriminatory treatment of the Chinese overseas was indicative of how the Ming-Qing Chinese authorities viewed the world: they were worried that overseas Chinese (especially the merchants) would not be controllable, and would partake in activities (such as smuggling or collaboration with foreigners) that might undermine the security of the regime.20 Thus the policy of not protecting overseas Chinese was the norm rather than the exception. One of Zheng He’s missions to Southeast Asia was actually to persuade those overseas Chinese to return to China in support of Emperor Chengzu’s ultimatum for overseas Chinese to return home.21 In 1717, Emperor Kangxi again issued an ultimatum for overseas Chinese to return to China by 1720 or otherwise they would never be allowed to return home again. In 1742, the Dutch Colonial government apologized to the Qing Court for the massacre in 1740-41 of the 100,000 Chinese in Batavia, but Emperor Qianlong was reported saying that “those who leave their ancestor tombs to make profits overseas are outcasts of China, and no longer have anything to do with the court no matter what happens to them”.22

[bloggmylyf]

Porcelain Tower of Nanjing

Porcelain Tower of Nanjing, China.

The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing (Chinese: 琉璃塔; pinyin: Liúlí tǎ), part of the former Bao’en Temple (Chinese: 報恩寺; pinyin: Bao’en Si; literally: “Temple of Repaid Gratitude”), is a historical site located on the south bank of external Qinhuai River in Nanjing, China. It was a pagoda constructed in the 15th century during the Ming Dynasty, but was mostly destroyed in the 19th century during the course of the Taiping Rebellion.

In 2010 Wang Jianlin, a Chinese businessman, donated a billion yuan (US$156 million) to the city of Nanjing for its reconstruction. This is reported to be the largest single personal donation ever made in China. In December 2015, the modern replica and surrounding park opened to the public.

History

The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing was designed during the reign of the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424), shortly before its construction in the early 15th century. It was first discovered by the Western world when European travelers like Johan Nieuhof visited it, sometimes listing it as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. After this exposure to the outside world, the tower was seen as a national treasure to both locals and other cultures around the world.

Porcelain Tower, from An Embassy from the East-India Company, (1665) by Johan Nieuhof.

In 1801, the tower was struck by lightning and the top four stories were knocked off, but it was soon restored. The 1843 book, The Closing Events of the Campaign in China by Granville Gower Loch, contains a detailed description of the tower as it existed in the early 1840s. In the 1850s, the area surrounding the tower erupted in civil war as the Taiping Rebellion reached Nanjing and the rebels took over the city. They smashed the Buddhist images and destroyed the inner staircase to deny the Qing enemy an observation platform. American sailors reached the city in May 1854 and visited the hollowed tower. In 1856, the Taiping destroyed the tower either in order to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city or from superstitious fear of its geomantic properties. After this, the tower’s remnants were salvaged for use in other buildings, while the site lay dormant until a recent surge to try to rebuild the landmark.

Description

The tower was octagonal with a base of about 97 feet (30 m) in diameter. When it was built, the tower was one of the largest buildings in China, rising up to a height of 260 feet (79 m) with nine stories and a staircase in the middle of the pagoda, which spiraled upwards for 184 steps. The top of the roof was marked by a golden pineapple. There were original plans to add more stories, according to an American missionary who in 1852 visited Nanjing. There are only a few Chinese pagodas that surpass its height, such as the still existent 275-foot-tall (84 m) 11th-century Liaodi Pagoda in Hebei or the no longer existent 330-foot-tall (100 m) 7th-century wooden pagoda of Chang’an.

The Porcelain Pagoda, as illustrated in Fischer von Erlach’s plan of Civil and Historical Architecture (1721).

The tower was built with white porcelain bricks that were said to reflect the sun’s rays during the day, and at night as many as 140 lamps were hung from the building to illuminate the tower. Glazes and stoneware were worked into the porcelain and created a mixture of green, yellow, brown and white designs on the sides of the tower, including animals, flowers and landscapes. The tower was also decorated with numerous Buddhist images.

Gallery

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  Porcelain Tower of Nanjing – Seven Wonders of The Medieval Ages..! Porcelain Tower of Nanjing The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing (Chinese: 琉璃塔; pinyin: Liúlí tǎ), part of the former Bao'en Temple (Chinese: 報恩寺; pinyin: Bao'en Si; literally: "Temple of Repaid Gratitude"), is a historical site located on the south bank of external…