#vitasse

[postcard-from-the-past]

Street scene in Neuville-Vitasse, Artois region of France

French vintage postcard, mailed in 1922 to Rennes

[oaresearchpaper]

Biophysical Factors Affecting Height and Diameter Structures of Falcata (Falcataria falcata) in Agusan del Norte, Philippines

Abstract

This study aims to support private tree farmers in making knowledgeable management decisions in their falcata plantation. The effect of biophysical factors on the height and diameter structures of 6-year-old Falcata (Falcataria falcata) at various elevations (0-200 m asl, 201-400 m asl, and 401-600 m asl) in Agusan was investigated in this study. Fifteen (15) 20 m x 20 m plots were created at each sampling site a total of 45 plots were established. In this study, the height and diameter structures of 6-year-old falcata were measured and analyzed. Results indicate that elevation, temperature, relative humidity, and soil potassium are key factors influencing the height and diameter structures of 6-year-old falcata trees. The mean height and diameter were highest in the middle elevation, or within 201-400 m asl, and lowest in the higher elevation, or 401-600 m asl. The temperature has a negative and significant relationship with the height and diameter structures of 6-year-old falcata, and tree spacing had a negative relationship with height.

Introduction

Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R. Rankin) is a huge tree with a first branch reaching a height of up to 20 meters. Falcata trees can reach 100 cm in diameter, have a spreading flat crown, and form a wide umbrella-shaped canopy when growing in the open, with the buttress being tiny or absent (Krisnawati et al., 2011). Tree growth patterns in forest stands vary between locations and individual trees due to both internal and external variables. Environmental variables vary concerning elevation within a species geographical range, resulting in regional diversity in site conditions that may limit growth (Barry, 1992). A higher growth rate boosts a species competitive ability and survival in favorable conditions (Vitasse, 2009).

The elevational gradient plays an important role in a tree or stands growth since trees have different ecological and physiological requirements for survival. Understanding how tree growth responds to environmental gradients is crucial for comprehending the ecology of species distribution and forest ecosystems, as well as for predicting future ecosystem services, as stated by Rapp et al. (2012). The growth and mortality rates of trees can be influenced by the elevation, as each species has an optimal altitude level for planting suitability. Some authors suggest that tree growth may decline with elevation (Coomes and Allen, 2007; Leigh, 1975; Bruijnzeel and Veneklaas, 1998; Girardin et al., 2010)

Pathogens (Mallett and Volney, 1999), insects (Rhoades and Stipes, 1999), competition with other trees (Nowak and McBride, 1991; Rhoades and Stipes, 1999), and competition with other vegetation are all biotic variables linked to lower tree growth rates in ecosystems (Close et al., 1996). Gall rust appears to be more common in falcata species at higher elevations. Anino (1991) emphasizes that minor infections occur at lower elevations of 250 meters above sea level, while major infections occur at elevations of 275 to 500 meters above sea level. Severe instances were discovered at elevations ranging from 400 to 600 meters above sea level (Lacandula et al., 2017).

There is a need to investigate the influence of biophysical factors on the height and diameter structures of the falcata at different elevation because the knowledge of how this plant responds are of paramount significance in understanding its ability to respond to climate change. In the Philippines, falcata is one of the most important species for industrial tree plantations (ITPs). Despite the importance of the species, there is no empirical data about its height and diameter structures concerning different elevations.

The study hypothesized that the height and diameter structures of 6-year-old falcata will decline with elevation. More specifically, the hypothesis suggests that the height and diameter structures of the species will reduce at higher elevations due to their vulnerability under such conditions.

Source : Biophysical Factors Affecting Height and Diameter Structures of Falcata (Falcataria falcata) in Agusan del Norte, Philippines | InformativeBD

[hzaidan]

Bastien depicts an attack by the 22nd Battalion at Neuville-Vitasse, a German-fortified village in occupied France, in late August 1918. Major Georges Vanier, later the Governor General of Canada, maintained that he was the officer holding the pistol leading the assault…

Please follow link for full post

Alfred Théodore Joseph Bastien,Canadian,Cemetery,Neuville-Vitasse,Sniper,Zaidan, biography, Arthistory, Paintings, Artists, History, footnotes, fineart, war,

04 Works, The art of War, Alfred Théodore Joseph Bastien's Over the Top, A Sniper in the Cemetery and CANADIAN OFFICER KILLED, Neuville-Vitasse, with Footnotes

[sarahvitasse]

Bedroom Therapy

09.06.17

Photos : Sarah Vitasse

[thisdayinwwi]

The New York Times Jan 13 1918 "Battery of heavy British Field Pieces and their crews on the roadside near Neuville Vitasse, British West Front"

[k2kid]

"A courageous act...": The DCM of Armourer Corporal Kelley Revisted

“A courageous act…”: The DCM of Armourer Corporal Kelley Revisted

May 26th, 1918. The 18th Battalion was, as part of the 4th Canadian Brigade, 2nd Division, located in the line left of Neuville Vitasse. The 18th Battalion had moved into the line 4-days previous, and this day was “Fine and warm,” according to the 4th Brigade’s War Diary. German artillery was more active than usual and in the morning an act of one man was noted in its War Diary.[i] It was rare…

[justwalkiingthedog]

Canadian Sentry, Moonlight, Neuville-Vitasse

Lieutenant Alfred Bastien

1918

[scrapironflotilla]

The Royal Engineers signalling team, using a telescope and a Lucas Lamp, at work at a signalling station at Neuville-Vitasse, 29 April 1917.

[greatwar-1914]

April 9, 1917 - Battles of Arras and Vimy Ridge Begin

Pictured - Canadian machine-gunners dig into shell-holes at Vimy Ridge.

On April 9, Easter Monday, British forces begin a month-long attack on the Hindenburg line, designed to coordinate with a French offensive launched by Robert Nivelle. For five days the Royal Flying Corps had patrolled the skies, taking hideous losses to reconnaissance German trenches and clear German scouts out of the air. Seventy-five British pilots had died in less than a week.

A five day bombardment lifted in the morning, and then a number of underground mines exploded, signalling British and Canadian troops to head over the top. Their initial assaults went well: on the right flank, the Third Army pierced the Hindenburg Line 3 miles inwards at Neuville Vitasse, capturing a German gun park and over 5,600 German prisoners. On the left flank, the German defences at Fampoux fell, and British troops achieved an advance of 3.5 miles, the greatest advance in one day on the Western Front since November 1914.

The Canadians also fought spectacularly, beginning a battle that remains etched in Canadian history as symbolic of transition from a mere dominion to a truly independent nation (although a large portion of Canadian soldiers were British-born). The CEF’s 1st and 2nd divisions went 4,000 yards beyond their main objective, securing the towns of Thélus and Farbus. The 3rd Division was halted by concentrated German gunfire, but the 4th Division captured Hill 145, the highest point on the dominating Vimy Ridge.

Vimy had been fought over many times before, but so far in the war no Allied force, neither French nor British, had been able to conquer it. Canada’s conquest is one of the greatest single-day achievements in the history of the war, but at a dear price: over 11,000 Canadians would be dead before the end of the week as they attempted to build on their first-day success.

By nightfall even the third German trenchline was in British hands. Part of the reason for success came from the employment of a “creeping barrage,” a sophisticated artillery tactic where the shellfire “crept” in front of the infantry, who advanced behind, taking advantage as the guns stunned the defenders and destroyed their defenses. The man in charge of the artillery was Brigade Major Alan Brooke, who in World War II would be the Chief of the Imperial General Staff.

The German third line, however, was massively fortified and held off the repeated assaults from the attackers. British and Canadian Tommies threw themselves against the German line again and again, but to no avail. The tanks that had been meant to protect the infantrymen had broken down or gotten stuck in the mud. Horse-drawn guns pulled up to blast the Germans from close range also could not traverse the sludgy terrain. By nightfall the attackers gave up until the next day, trying to sleep through an unexpected snowfall.

Among the dead that day was English poet R.E. Vernede. A 41-year old Londoner, he had refused a desk job after being wounded at the Somme in 1916 and returned to the front. In his poem “A Listening Post,” he had expressed his confidence in the rightness of the Allied cause:

“And yonder rifleman and I

         Wait here behind the misty trees.

To shoot the first man that goes by

        Our rifles ready on our knees

How could he know that if we fail

       The world may lie in chains for years

And England be a bygone tale

        And right be wrong, and laughter tears?”

[oaresearchpaper]

Biophysical Factors Affecting Height and Diameter Structures of Falcata (Falcataria falcata) in Agusan del Norte, Philippines

Abstract

This study aims to support private tree farmers in making knowledgeable management decisions in their falcata plantation. The effect of biophysical factors on the height and diameter structures of 6-year-old Falcata (Falcataria falcata) at various elevations (0-200 m asl, 201-400 m asl, and 401-600 m asl) in Agusan was investigated in this study. Fifteen (15) 20 m x 20 m plots were created at each sampling site a total of 45 plots were established. In this study, the height and diameter structures of 6-year-old falcata were measured and analyzed. Results indicate that elevation, temperature, relative humidity, and soil potassium are key factors influencing the height and diameter structures of 6-year-old falcata trees. The mean height and diameter were highest in the middle elevation, or within 201-400 m asl, and lowest in the higher elevation, or 401-600 m asl. The temperature has a negative and significant relationship with the height and diameter structures of 6-year-old falcata, and tree spacing had a negative relationship with height.

Introduction

Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R. Rankin) is a huge tree with a first branch reaching a height of up to 20 meters. Falcata trees can reach 100 cm in diameter, have a spreading flat crown, and form a wide umbrella-shaped canopy when growing in the open, with the buttress being tiny or absent (Krisnawati et al., 2011). Tree growth patterns in forest stands vary between locations and individual trees due to both internal and external variables. Environmental variables vary concerning elevation within a species geographical range, resulting in regional diversity in site conditions that may limit growth (Barry, 1992). A higher growth rate boosts a species competitive ability and survival in favorable conditions (Vitasse, 2009).

The elevational gradient plays an important role in a tree or stands growth since trees have different ecological and physiological requirements for survival. Understanding how tree growth responds to environmental gradients is crucial for comprehending the ecology of species distribution and forest ecosystems, as well as for predicting future ecosystem services, as stated by Rapp et al. (2012). The growth and mortality rates of trees can be influenced by the elevation, as each species has an optimal altitude level for planting suitability. Some authors suggest that tree growth may decline with elevation (Coomes and Allen, 2007; Leigh, 1975; Bruijnzeel and Veneklaas, 1998; Girardin et al., 2010)

Pathogens (Mallett and Volney, 1999), insects (Rhoades and Stipes, 1999), competition with other trees (Nowak and McBride, 1991; Rhoades and Stipes, 1999), and competition with other vegetation are all biotic variables linked to lower tree growth rates in ecosystems (Close et al., 1996). Gall rust appears to be more common in falcata species at higher elevations. Anino (1991) emphasizes that minor infections occur at lower elevations of 250 meters above sea level, while major infections occur at elevations of 275 to 500 meters above sea level. Severe instances were discovered at elevations ranging from 400 to 600 meters above sea level (Lacandula et al., 2017).

There is a need to investigate the influence of biophysical factors on the height and diameter structures of the falcata at different elevation because the knowledge of how this plant responds are of paramount significance in understanding its ability to respond to climate change. In the Philippines, falcata is one of the most important species for industrial tree plantations (ITPs). Despite the importance of the species, there is no empirical data about its height and diameter structures concerning different elevations.

The study hypothesized that the height and diameter structures of 6-year-old falcata will decline with elevation. More specifically, the hypothesis suggests that the height and diameter structures of the species will reduce at higher elevations due to their vulnerability under such conditions.

Source : Biophysical Factors Affecting Height and Diameter Structures of Falcata (Falcataria falcata) in Agusan del Norte, Philippines | InformativeBD

[annoncesenbelgique]

A vendre à cause de voiture de société, jeune Nissan X-trail

Nissan x-trail 1.6 dCi 130cv Euro 6, 6 vitasses manuelles, 5 personnes version connect painture métallisé. Etat superbe! Vente à mon adresse avec paiement cash, pas d’autres formules

Cet article A vendre à cause de voiture de société, jeune Nissan X-trail est apparu en premier sur Max Annonces.

sur Annonces Belgiquehttp://maxannonces.be/annonce/a-vendre-a-cause-de-voiture-de-societe-jeune-nissan-x-trail/

[ecomet]

Vapor-pressure deficit and extreme climatic variables limit tree growth

Sanginés de Cárcer, P., Vitasse, Y., Peñuelas, J., Jassey, V.E.J., Buttler, A. and Signarbieux, C. (), Vapor-pressure deficit and extreme climatic variables limit tree growth. Glob Change Biol. Accepted Author Manuscript. doi:10.1111/gcb.13973

[thisdayinwwi]

New York Times, Jan 13 1918 Battery of British heavy field artillery near Neuville, Vitasse https://t.co/zmM1jXkE2n https://t.co/5iziSGTQQO http://twitter.com/ThisDayInWWI/status/952674160022495232

[k2kid]

With thanks to Patrick Dennis, Colonel (RET’D), OMM, CD who reached out to me and pointed me in the right direction. His work to inform us about the role of conscription can be best appreciated by his book, “Reluctant Warriors: Canadian Conscripts in the Great War” Without his help and his work my interest and understanding about this important, and often overlooked, part of our military history and heritage would not be as rich.

  A newspaper clipping from Allsop’s home newspaper in Woodstock outlining some news about conscription. Source: Daily Sentinel Review. January 3, 1918. Page 1.

On June 10, 1918 the 18th Battalion was engaged in the Arras sector. On that date the War Diary relates its activities, but that entry does not reflect what may be a singular historical moment in Canadian military history: the death of one of the first, if not the first, Canadian conscript who was conscripted under the Military Service Act, 1917[i].

The event marked a new phase in the war for Canada and its military policy that would have effects and reverberations in Canadian politics and history that are still contentious to this day.

Undated photograph attributed to George Allsop.

Private George Henry Allsop was born in Belper, Derbyshire, England, a textile and hosiery center during the late 1800 and 1900s. He emigrated to Canada and was a “machine operator” with the Oxford Knitting Company residing at 209 Graham Street in Woodstock, Ontario with his father, George Senior and his mother, Netta[ii].

Private Allsop also worked at the Linderman Machine Company (Woodstock, Ontario). This is a shot of the interior of the plant involved in war production Circa 1914-1918. Source: https://www.pinterest.ca/pin/566890671825174467/?nic_v2=1a3qFOTgq

January 4, 1918 found George Allsop called up to register for active service. Prior to that date he, under the terms of the Military Service Act, would have registered in Woodstock and be classified for active service. When called up he traveled to London, Ontario and in short order his form, “Particulars for a Recruit Drafted Under Military Service Act, 1917” was completed and, as part of the recruitment process, signed his will. This document, perhaps, being the most jarring reminder to Allsop of one of the outcomes to an infantry man. Almost all conscripts were to be slated for this role during the war. George Allsop was not averse to military service as his form indicates that he had one year of militia service with the Oxford Rifles. Passing his medical exam Private Allsop moved on to the next stage of his military service.

Military will of Private Allsop.

In short order he was in England, arriving on February 16, 1918 aboard, like so many other 18th Battalion soldiers the S.S. Grampian and assigned to the 4th Reserve Battalion in Bramshott the very next day. There he trained and learned the skills of his trade until he was transferred to the 18th Battalion effective May 10, 1918. He arrived at Etaples, France at the Canadian Infantry Base Depot the next day where, 11-days later he moved closer to the front at the Canadian Corps Reinforcement Camp. After more training, familiarization, and confirmation that his “kit” for war fighting was fully issued and in good order he left this post after 8-days. He was now in the fight having arrived at the Neuville Vitasse Sector on May 30, 1918 and joined the Battalion in Brigade reserve.

The next day, while the Battalion was in Brigade Reserve the War Diary records that 2 other ranks and Lieutenant Harold Leo Scully[iii] were wounded, probably by long-range shellfire. Even in Brigade Reserve, up to 9 kilometers behind the front line, Private Allsop must have realized fully he was in the war now for even being in reserve did not mean you were not exposed to danger from enemy activity.[iv]

The Battalion moved forward from Brigade Reserve to Brigade Support and then moved to Bretencourt after being relieved by the 26th Canadian Battalion on June 4, 1918 and it was involved from June 5 to 9 in Battalion in martial and recreational training with “…games such as Baseball, Football etc. indulged in each afternoon.” Even at Bretencourt the men were not safe as Lieutenant C.S. Woodrow[v], arriving on June 5 with 18 reinforcements, was hit in the head by an enemy shell fragment that “…burst near Battalion Orderly Room…” and was evacuated to hospital that day.

The evening of June 9/10 required the Battalion to relieve the 27th Canadian Battalion in the front line in positions adjacent and part of the village of Henin-sur-Cojeul, a 15-km march from their billet. Leaving Bretencourt at 8:30 p.m. Private Allsop was finally marching off to war with his comrades. Fresh from training and familiarization in England and France he now had to integrate himself with his new comrades, they were certain to be interested in him, their first exposure to a conscript. The relief was completed at 1:35 a.m. the morning of June 10, 1918 and two patrols were sent out to cover the Battalion frontage. It is almost certain a raw soldier, such as Private Allsop, would not be assigned to such a patrol.

Battalion disposition map, dated June 10, 1918. Note the Cojeul River south of the Battalion’s position.

Later that day, a scouting patrol under Lieutenant McRae was dispatched to reconnoiter during daylight, a highly risky endeavour. The patrol pushed from their front lines to the bank of the Cojeul River and returned, after dark, at 10.45 p.m. having left at 4.30 p.m. that afternoon. They observed three Germans leaving a hedge and disappearing.

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Sometime during that day, the Battalion suffered one other ranked killed in action and one other rank wounded, though the War Diary only acknowledges the wounded soldier. But a soldier did die that day.

Private Allsop was the soldier killed in action. The circumstances, according to his service record and the Circumstances of Death Card do not relate the event in any manner so we cannot know the manner of his passing. He is buried at the Wailly Orchard Cemetery, an estimated 8-kilometers from the location of his death near the French town of Henin-sur-Cojeul.

For all intents and purposes, Private Allsop died the very day he engaged in combat. From his movements from the moment of his conscription to his death he moved to that moment in time where he would perish, and his family would every more reflect on his sacrifice and offer to those that pass by his grave the epitaph “THY WILL BE DONE ON EARTH”. His front-line service with the Battalion was only 11 days. It must have added to the shock of the family when it was informed of his death, so soon after arriving on the Continent.

His death also signalled the beginning of a new stage of the war. The manpower needs of the C.E.F. no longer could be counted on to be replenished by volunteers and the battalions of the Canadian Corps would find that they needed the conscripts to carry on their role as part of the Imperial Forces engaged on the Western Front. Such contributions and sacrifices would be the norm for the volunteers and their new combat brethren, the conscripts, as the war continued to its bloody end.

Private Allsop is buried at the Wailly Orchard Cemetery, along with 7 other comrades of the 18th Battalion. They all were buried between the months of April and June as the Battalion served in the sector.

  NOTE

I strongly recommend reading Patrick M. Dennis’ prior work referring to this soldier: Dennis, Patrick (2009) “A Canadian Conscript Goes to War—August 1918: Old Myths Re-examined,” Canadian Military History: Vol. 18: Iss. 1, Article 4. He further expands upon the important role on conscripts in his book:  Reluctant Warriors: Canadian Conscripts in the Great War available via Amazon and other outlets.

  [i] Source: “…Private George Henry Allsop, a conscript from Woodstock, Ontario, who had joined in London, Ontario just days before Dennis. It is likely that Private Allsop, serving with the 18th Battalion, was the first Canadian conscript to be killed in action when he fell in battle near Neuville-Vitasse on 10 June 1918 – a full two months before it is generally thought that Canadian conscripts first saw action.” Source: Dennis, Patrick (2009) “A Canadian Conscript Goes to War—August 1918: Old Myths Re-examined,” Canadian Military History: Vol. 18: Iss. 1, Article 4. Pg. 6. Note no. 20 of this work indicates that a Private Frederick Broom of the 20th Battalion was likely the first conscript to be die in France. He perished from nephritis and pneumonia. The claim of Private Allsop being the “first” conscript killed in action was made in Sandy Antal and Kevin R. Shackleton, Duty Nobly Done: The Official History of the Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment (Windsor, Ontario: Walkerville Publishing, 2006), p.647.

[ii] Vernon’s Woodstock Directory, 1916. The 1914 directory had the family living at 289 Admiral Street with another family member, probably a brother, Horace Allsop.

[iii] Lieutenant Scully was to later perish from his wounds on June 7, 1918.

[iv] See the blog post, “…because life in the trenches was less irksome and monotonous and no more beastly than in places like Bouvigny Huts” for an incident in July 1917 where the Battalion suffered significant casualties due to German artillery while in Brigade Reserve.

[v] Later, Captain Charles Sydney Woodrow.

The First to Die

[scrapironflotilla]

A battery of 9.2 inch Howitzers in firing positions at Neuville-Vitasse, 30 April 1917.