#vinobeer

[daily-klingon]

Grammar of Inherently Singular / Plural Nouns

The following comes from this page:- http://klingon.wiki/En/InherentPlural

Inherently plural nouns are those who are always plural in meaning, and therefore never take plural suffixes. (1) For example, cha torpedoes is the plural form of peng torpedo.

Grammatical usage

Inherently plural nouns are grammatically singular and take the singular verb prefix: cha yIjun Evade the torpedoes! instead of tIjun evade them. The plural suffix -mey can be attached to the singular form, but it always has the meaning of "all over the place": DoSmey targets scattered all over the place. When a pronoun refers to an inherently plural noun, it must be singular. For example, ghaH is used to refer to negh: 'uQ'a' Sop neghwI' 'e' vIchaw' / ghaHvaD 'Iw HIq vInob I will let my soldiers feast, / Give them blood wine

Inherently plural nouns may be counted by placing a number before them. The resulting noun phrase is still singular:

ngIq gholvaD vaghmaH QaS yInob. Pay each player 50 forces.

Derived words and compound nouns are also considered inherently plural. Examples: De' jengva' "CD, data disc" and Hong boq chuyDaH "impulse fusion thrusters".

[ladressebistro]

Vinobeer & L’Adresse Bistro tự hào giới thiệu sự kiện kết hợp cùng thửơng thức món ăn và thử rượu đặc biệt này tại L’Adresse Bístro. Ngày: Thứ Sáu ngày 22 tháng Giêng 2021 Thời gian: Từ 6h30 tối đến 7h30 tối Người dẫn chương trình: Vinobeer người phụ trách Thực đơn: Chấm, Meze Liban, Salad Liban 🥗 Rượu: Ba loại rượu khác nhau 🍷 mỗi loại được kết hợp với các món ăn trong thực đơn để thưởng thức cùng. Phí: 400.000VND +/ người Khuyến khích đặt bàn trước Vinobeer Sommeliers( Ngừơi phụ trách hãng rựơu ) sẽ hướng dẫn chúng ta làm thế nào để có những trải nghiệm tuyệt vời. Vinobeer & L’Adresse Bistro are proud to present this exceptional wine tasting and food pairing event at L’Adresse Bistro Date: Friday 22nd of January Time: From 6:30 To 7:30 pm Host: Vinobeer sommelier Menu: Dips, Lebanese Meze, Lebanese Salad 🥗 Wine : Three different types of wine 🍷 each to be paired with menu items for tasting and pairing only Fee: VND 400,000 per person Table bookings encouraged in advance Vinobeer Sommelier will walk us through the experience every step of the way #ladresseevents #ladressebistro #winetasting #tastingmenu #pairing #foodstagram #foodpairing #pairingwine #ladressewine #winetasting🍷 #winetastingevent #vinobeervietnam #vinobeer #vinobeeroteca @vinobeer_vietnam (at L'Adresse Bistro Saigon) https://www.instagram.com/p/CKTPpw3pdZU/?igshid=xsqjqeg5nf7c

[sapphic-saavik]

QongwI' 'IH

qonta' 'elaySa'

ben law' DuHmor'a' luDab ta' ta'nalDaj je. Quchchu' parmaqqaypu'vetlh 'ach wa' Doch neH luHutlh - puq. tagha' yatlhchoH ta'nal 'ej puqbe' 'IHqu' boghmoH. ghuvam quvmoHmeH lop'a' cher 'e' wuq ta'. wo''a'vo' juppu' law' rIt. vabDot wa'maH wej SIqnaSwaq'a'vaD ruSvep ngeH 'e' Hech. 'ach qay' vay' - wa'maH cha' qol'om jengva'mey neH ghaj. vaj SIqnaSwaq'a' wa'maH wejDIchvaD pagh ngeH. qejqu'mo' SIqnaSwaqvam ghu'vam SaH pagh!

Qapqu' lop 'ej 'uQ'a' Soplu'. DorDI' ghuvaD nob'a'mey much SIqnaSwaq'a'pu'. 

<'IHqu'ghach vInob> jatlh wa'DIch.

<loy'qu'ghach vInob> jatlh cha'DIch.

<valqu'ghach vInob> jatlh wejDIch.

<yoHqu'ghach vInob> jatlh loSDIch, latlh je, latlh je.

nob'a'mey muchta'DI' wa'maH wa' SIqnaSwaq'a'pu' pay' nargh SIqnaSwaq'a' wa'maH wejDIch. QeHqu' 'ej 'oy'qu'ba' Qay'wI'Daj.

<qatlh ruSvep vIHevbe' jay'?! vumna' tlhIH! petaQmey neH! qol'om ngopvetlhDaq bortaSwIj bIr jablu'jaj! jInoDmeH ghuvetlhvaD nob'a' le' vImuch. wa'maH chorgh DIS SIQchoHDI' puqbe'lIj nItlhDaj rIQmoH nIqmeH Hut'In tIq ghIq Hegh!>

SIbI' ngab. yay' Hoch lop jeSwI'pu'. 'ach wa' ghoghHom Qoylu'.

<wej nob'a'wIj vImuchta'> jatlh SIqnaSwaq'a' wa'maH cha'DIch. ghu retlhDaq ghoS 'ej jatlh,

<ghu vI'IghHa'moHmeH tlhoy puj 'IDnarwIj 'a tlheH vIchoHlaH. Heghbe' puqbe'lIj. rIQmoHDI' Hut'In tIq QongchoH 'ej qaStaHvIS wa'vatlh DIS QongtaH.>

nenchoHtaHvIS ta'puq DI'ruj lumojba' SIqnaswaq'a'pu' nob'a'mey. 'IHqu' be'Hom, loy'qu' 'ej valqu'. lumuSHa' Hoch wo' nganpu'. 'ach ta' ta'nal je ghIjtaH nob'a' Qav. Heghbe'meH puqbe'Daj luQejqu'bogh Hut'In tIqmey lo'lu' net tuch. bIH lo'laH neH nIqmeH pIn'a'pu' neH 'ej not ta'puq qIH pIn'a'pu'vam net chaw'. vabDot 'IQchoHbe'meH ta'puq tlheH mIgh rIchlu' net bot je.

tagha' wa'maH chorgh ben boghpu' ta'puq. vemchoHDI' qoSDaj lopmeH Seybej 'ach loQ Dal pa'Daj 'e' Qub. vaj DuHmor leng 'e' wuq. SIbI'Ha' chalqachDaq pa'Hom'e' wej tu'pu'bogh tu'. ngo'qu'ba' lojmIt 'ej Duylaw' Durghang. poSmoH 'ej 'el.

qoDDaq weSjech 'IH nIqlI' pIn'a'. pIn'a' ngu'laHbe' ta'puq. qIHchuq net tuchmo' vabDot ta'puq ngu'laHbe' pIn'a'. 

<nuq DaDIgh?> ghel ta'puq

<jInIqtaH,> jang pIn'a', <mIw Dabej DaneH'a'?>

vaj vumtaHbogh pIn'a' bejchoH ta'puq. po'qu'. SIrghmey law' rarmeH jojDaq Hut'In tIq vev ghIq vevHa'. tlhoS ta'puq vong mIwvam!

<HIghojmoH!> tlhob ta'puq

<lu',> jang pIn'a', <Hut'In tIqvam yI'uch 'ej SIrgh yISIq.>

'ach bong Hut'In tIq 'uchHa' ta'puq 'ej nItlhDaj rIQmoH Daqtagh rurbogh megh'an'e'. SIbI' Doy'qu'choH 'ej quSlabDaq pum. QongchoH.

vabDot QongchoH latlh je! QongchoH Hoch DuHmor luDabbogh ghotpu'. chabmey tIrmoHtaHvIS QongchoH vutwI'. pa'mey Say'moHtaHvIS QongchoH toy'wI'. lop'a' chertaHvIS QongchoH ta' ta'nal je. vabDot QongchoH Ha'DIbaHmey! rav bIngDaq tamchoH chuSwI'mey. DuHmor yotlhDaq pumchoH Sarghmey. yanwo'Daq bombe'choH bo'Deghmey. tamchu' DuHmor.

DuHmor veHDaq nenchoH tI naHjejmey je yughbogh yerghoHey. 'oH chIqlaH pagh, tI chIpDI' SIbI' nenqa'mo'. tagha' wa'vetlh ben QongchoHDI' ta'puq tI yergho paw SuvwI' Qup. QongtaHbogh DuHmor bopbogh lutmey'e' Qoypu' SuvwI'vam 'ej lut 'ol neH. betleHDaj Qach 'ej naHjejmey chIpta'! DaH nenqa'be' tI. nIDqu'taHvIS tI qargh chIq 'ej DuHmor lojmIt'a' paw. 'elDI' Qongbogh Hoch legh. teHlaw' lutmey!

qaStaHvIS repmey DuHmorDaq nej 'ach ta'puq Sam'be' SuvwI' Qup. tagha' chalqachHom tu'. letlh Sal 'ej lojmIt ngo' poSmoH. quSlabDaq QottaHbogh ta'puq legh ghIq retlhDajDaq moD. 'IHbej 'ach porghDajDaq voDchuchHom SIr'o, Say'qIS je tu'lu' 'ej tIqqu'choHpu' jIbDaj. qabvo' SIr'o' Say'qIS je bI' SuvwI' Qup 'ej qabDaj 'IH leghchu'.

nachDaj 'uchtaHvIS lav'egh 'ej pe'vIlHa' ta'puq wuS chop. pay'Ha' mInDu' poSmoH ta'puq. SuvwI' Qup qab leghDI' 'IHqu' 'e' Dam ghIq mon.

DuHmorDaq vemchoH Hoch ghotpu' Ha'DIbaHmey je. thleH mIgh reSHa'ta' SuvwI' Qup. wa'waQ tlhoghchuq SuvwI' Qup ta'puq je 'ej QuchchoH Hoch rIntaH.

[olumideclimate]

‪Why I’m here: To learn & create a sustainable partnership to build a movement that supports #ClimateActions in Nigeria & across Africa. #LeadOnClimate #LeadOnClimateNG #LetsDoMore @ClimateReality ‬ (at Georgia World Congress Center Authority) https://www.instagram.com/p/Bu_k-vInoBe/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=s2b1lhkazjug

[daily-klingon]

Verb Suffix Drill: Type 9 -meH

The suffix -meH is a purpose-clause marker. Its meaning is for, fur the purpose of, or in order to.

The verb with -meH always precedes the noun or verb whose purpose it is defining.

Here are some examples below. Only a short list tonight - I’m taking an early night.

qaleghmeH qanej I seek you in order to see you

jIghojmeH cho'ang You are showing me, so that I will learn De' tIvmeH nov, De' vInob I am giving the alien the information for the alien to enjoy it maQapqangtaHmeH maqeqtaH We practice in order to remain willing to succeed vengDaq wISIchmeH nom mave' We travel quickly with purpose in order to get to the city qa' DIje'meH mabom We sing to enrich the spirit Qu'vam DaturmeH Dochvam yItlhap Take this, in order for you to perform your duty

[ladressebistro]

Vinobeer & L’Adresse Bistro are proud to present this exceptional wine tasting and food pairing event at L’Adresse Bistro Date: Friday 22nd of January Time: From 6:30 To 7:30 pm Host: Vinobeer sommelier Menu: Dips, Lebanese Meze, Lebanese Salad 🥗 Wine : Three different types of wine 🍷 each to be paired with menu items for tasting and pairing only Fee: VND 400,000 per person Table bookings encouraged in advance Vinobeer Sommelier will walk us through the experience every step of the way (at L'Adresse Bistro Saigon) https://www.instagram.com/p/CKETyCRJeZK/?igshid=b9gb4sajvt7w

[daily-klingon]

Prefix Trick

The prefix trick is something not described in The Klingon Dictionary. It affects the use of verb prefixes to describe the object of a sentence.

The prefix trick allows you to specify the indirect object of a sentence without needing to specify the indirect object plus -vaD noun suffix.

Here it is explained on this KLI page.

The "prefix trick" is an informal term for the phenomenon where a verb's prefix disagrees with the stated object, agreeing instead with what would be an indirect object in English. It is only known to occur when the object is third person and the indirect object/beneficiary is first- or second-person and not explicitly stated.

ghIchwIj DabochmoHchugh ghIchlIj qanob. (PK)

cha'puj vIngevmeH chaw' HInobneS. (PK)

tIqwIj Sa'angnIS. (TKW)

These are only a few examples.

Marc Okrand described it in a post on the MSN Expert Forum in 1997, by way of explaining what qajatlh means: Since the object of jatlh is that which is spoken, and since "you" or "I" or "we" cannot be spoken (and therefore cannot be the object of the verb), if the verb is used with a pronominal prefix indicating a first- or second-person object, that first or second person is the indirect object.

...

For instance, take the above sentence, ghIchwIj DabochmoHchugh ghIchlIj qanob. By the grammar described in TKD, you'd expect to see SoHvaD ghIchlIj vInob. It has been my contention that Okrand used ghIchlIj qanob instead of SoHvaD ghIchlIj vInob because the English sentence he started with was "I will give you your nose" instead of "I will give your nose to you." He saw "I will give you . . ." and used qanob, regardless of the fact that in the sentence "you" is the indirect object, not the direct object.

Some disagree. They believe that Okrand, having seriously studied some Native American languages that use a similar pronomial system, decided to include this feature into the language intentionally, perhaps after the publication of TKD, and that most or all instances of the "prefix trick" were constructed with this feature in mind.

This next page takes this further.

Combining with -lu'

A discussion on the mailing list of 02 october 2016 showed that this rule might be extended to prefixes which only indicate the above mentioned objects in combination with the

indefinite suffix

-lu', which reverses object and subject of any prefix. That means that the following should be correct, even though the suffix itself indicates a third person object:

Standard phrase --- Prefix trick --- Prefix trick + -lu'

jIHvaD taj nob vay' --- taj munob vay' --- taj vInoblu'.

Someone gives a knife to me. --- Someone gives me a knife. --- One indefinite person gives me a knife.

A less awkward translation for the final phrase would be using passive voice in English: I am given a knife.