#unless its tien. then that was on purpose

[todayisafridaynight]

I like how you draw characters who don’t have butts and give them butts. Yamcha, Daigo, Aoki now we need Ichiban draw him with a shapely bum!

you can hand me a crisp dollar to draw ichiban cake first 😭

[thepaperpanda]

A Dream || Sam Drake x Reader smut

Summary: How surprised Sam is when he meets you in the prison, and when it turns out you're the friend of Adler. Fortunately, Drake lets you play a little game with him.

Warnings: SMUT

Words: 2975

Authors: Cass & Rouge

♠

Sam sat in his prison cell, steering at the empty wall. What else he could do? He was completely closed off from the world. Only him, empty cell and sounds of the other prisoners outside.

It was a "normal" day until two guards opened the door to his cell. "¡Es tu día de suerte! Tienes un visitante! Buena esa. Levántate."

Sam blinked deeply confused. Who would visit him? Did Nate somehow find out that he was alive?

Sam didn't need any troubles, so he cooperated with guards. They pulled him out from the call and started to lead him down the corridor, until they stopped in front of a big door.

He heard about this room. It was a special private place where some of a more privileged prisoners could meet with their partners or whores. Before Sam could ask anything guards pushed him inside.

There was a nice looking girl, she was sitting on the bed and now was smiling at Sam.

"Can I help you... Miss?" Sam asked more confused than ever before.

"My name's Y/N," you introduced yourself briefly as you had gotten up and looked man in the eyes. "Let's say that someone's payed me to accompany you a little. Unless you're not Samuel Drake?," You put your hand to your left hip and sent him a feisty grin.

Sam frowned, looking at the lady if front of him. She was hella pretty, simply right in his taste but this all was odd.

"I am Samuel Drake and let me guess. Your "someone" is Rafe Adler, did he send you? Tell your asshole boss that I will not help him with tha treasure." He muttered, crossing arms over his chest.

You measured his features with interested glance. Drake, even taking the fact he wasn't that young anymore, was a handsome, tall man with brown thick hair and beautiful eyes.

"He didn't send me here for bargaining purposes," you explained shortly and reached to the bag you were having with yourself and which was placed on the bed. You pulled pack of cigarettes and lit one, then walked to the window with a view on an island and ocean. "Let's say that his only goal is to get back on good terms with you."

"Get back on good terms? By sending me a whore?" Sam asked, checking out your body.

It's not that Sam wasn't attracted to you, he was. The truth was that he would fuck any girl he could right away, but the fact that Rafe sent you bothered him.

Standing with your back to him, you had only smiled to yourself. "I'm not a whore," you said simply. "Let's say that I'm a close friend of Rafe that was bored enough with my loneliness so as soon as he asked me to visit you, I took this proposition without blink of an eye. He described you as a nice, rather humble man. He didn't only mention that you're fucking handsome...," The last sentence you almost whispered so he wouldn't hear.

You smoked half of the cigarette while watching the beautiful landscape outside of the window, and after that you had turned to face man once more. With the swing in your hips you walked to him slowly, and stopped only few inches from him.

"Want a cigarette?," You offered with a cocky smirk dancing on your lips. You put your palm to his chest, massaging his muscles slightly. "I have a real cigarettes, not such a shit they used to smoke here."

Sam's frown never disappeared, this everything was highly suspicious. He still didn't trust you at all, but he accepted the cigarette, Sam needed a real one. "Some fire, please?"

You gave him a lighter and slowly started to circle him. "Look at yourself, Drake. Rafe offered you freedom, you declined. It was your right to do so. And did he press on you more? No. He just wants you to realize that he is sorry for the misunderstanding between you two."

Sam sat down on the bed that was placed in the room for a visitors' comfort. The mattress was soft, overall this bed was much better than a regular bunk.

Sam lightened up the cigarette and looked up on you, letting out some of smoke trough his nostrils. This cig was a really good one. "More like 'between you three', girl. There was three of us here." Sam corrected you."I didn't expect such an asshole to have a friend like you."

You leant back against the solid, metal door and looked at man. "Even a person like Rafe can have amigos, as you see," you replied shortly. "Ah. Right. Your younger brother. What's his name? Neil? Nolan? Ah, Nathan! What a cute name for a boy," you giggled as you walked to Sam and stopped in front of him. "But I rather like Sam. It's a good name for a badass like you."

Sam chuckled, letting a big cloud of smoke escaped his lips. "You try to flatter me too hard, babe, and I am not confused by fact that asshole has a friend. I am more confused by fact that his friend isn't acting like a spoiled brat like he is."

You cocked your brow at his comment only. "Rafe did mention that you might be stubborn. I can see what did he mean by myself now," you informed the man.

Second later, you pulled your skirt a little up your thighs so it was comfortable for you to straddle his lap.

Sam watched you with slightly clouded gaze, those years of isolation and loneliness were getting to him and your present did not help him.

"Well, I am stubborn. That's my thing." He wrapped his arms around you, his hands found their way under your shirt. Sam let out a sigh at the feeling of a soft skin under his rough finger pads.

You bit your lower lip and chuckled darkly at his actions. The roughness of his hands on your skin turned you on so much. You leant towards him and nibbled onto his earlobe. "I'm not even going to argue, handsome," you whispered directly into man's ear.

One of your hands slipped between your bodies to rest onto his crotch. You smiled even more at the feeling of hardness of the bulge within his old jeans.

Sam looked at you with a soft smile, he took the cig out of his mouth. "You like what you feel? You can't blame a guy for being hard when he didn't see a single woman for years."

"Oh, poor thing!," You gave him a peck to his jawline and didn't forget about rocking your hips a little so you rubbed your pussy against his bulge. "Must be hard to fap alone, huh?," You teased him as you pulled the cigarette out of between his fingers. You inhaled fully and dropped the end of cigarette on the concrete floor. You cupped Samuel's face in your palms and slowly started kissing him while exhaling the smoke right into his mouth.

Taking the strong smoke wasn't now filtered, it was easy to get a little high by such an action.

You hummed at the end of the kiss, and wrapped arms around his nape.

Sam growled annoyed as soon as you pulled away, he didn't like fact the kiss ended so quickly.

"As much as I enjoy it... And as much as the tightness of my pants annoys me, I can't help but still feel suspicious about you." Sam said openly as his hand stroked your back. "Cute girl came to place like this... To meet with someone like me. Weren't you scared I will hurt you?"

"You? The infamous Samuel Drake hurting the girl? Nah, baby, ain't gonna happen," you told him and started to kiss his jawline, slowly yet constantly. "I can be dangerous as well so how do you know that you shouldn't be afraid of me?," You asked as your skilled fingers unbuckled his belt.

"Me? Being afraid of a little girl like you, ain't gonna happen." Sam placed you properly on his lap, his big hands grabbed your sides and moved up, uncovering your skin.

At this point Sam was gone, all he desired now was some of a physical contact he missed for years.

He removed your shirt and threw it on the floor, he looked at you fully. "Now... This is a nice view." Sam purred before slowly taking off your bra.

You licked your lips as your breasts were exposed to his sight. You felt some butterflies in your stomach and some knot building up in your abdomen. Oh, how much he was turning you on!

You slipped hands into his hair, and started rocking your hips as you held onto his neck, slowly scratching his skin there with your fingers.

"You like it, don't you?," You let out a quiet moan. "Oh, Samuel. Such an eager boy. Make out nicely with me and you'll get an award."

"Sweetheart, I am a treasure hunter. I don't get the reward, I find it and take it all by myself."

His lips wrapped around your nipple, he sucked and moved his tongue around it. One of his hand quickly found its way under your skirt and panties, he didn't waste time as his finger started to circle your clit.

He had gotten you. As much as you wished it wouldn't happen, you started to be turned on. Moaning louder and louder, you rolled head back and enjoyed his mouth on your nipples as well as his fingers rubbing onto your clit. "The treasure hunter, huh?," You moaned through parted lips and soon escaped his laps.

You simply knelt in front of the man and unzipped his jeans and its fly only to freed Sam's already half-erected cock. You gasped a little at his size and licked your lips while pumping your palm up and down his shaft covered with veins.

Sam chuckled. "No need to be so shocked, babe. I am just a decent man with a decent cock." He said moving hand into your soft hair, Sam let out a quiet purr at the nice feeling. He definitely needed that.

You smiled at man and simply wrapped your mouth around his tip. Then, slowly, you slipped his shaft further. You moaned at the same time. His skin tasted like a salt but you didn't mind it at all. In fact, you missed such an intimate moments with a man in a great while, since your ex boyfriend had left you for other woman. Dick.

At first, you were bobbing your head back and forth slowly, doing you best to make his shaft as slick as possible.

After few longer moments that seemed like an eternity to you, you pulled his thick cock out of your mouth only to spit on it and spread the saliva along his length with your palm. You raised your head to look him in the eyes.

Sam watched you the whole time, his hand played with your hair while other kept him from falling backwards.

"That's nice and all, babe, but I really need something else." He got up, and then effortlessly picked you up, pressing you against the wall. Who the hell needs bed, right?

You gasped at the unexpected behavior of the man but you moaned second later, in anticipation of his actions. Quickly and smoothly you slipped your lacy panties down and stepped out of them.

"Let's leave the skirt on, huh? It looks nice on you, Y/N." He smiled at you and then grabbed your legs, wrapping them around his waist.

Sam kissed you deeply, slowly easing himself inside of you, he gasped against your lips. The feeling of your tight, wet pussy around his cock was a blessing. "You're tight, babe. I can tell you aren't a virgin, some asshole didn't took a good care about you?" He purred into your ear as he started to move his hips.

One of your hands was instantly wrapped around his strong neck while the other one was playing with your breasts, pinching your nipples a little. "Fuck, right there," you shut your eyes and parted lips, so the soft hum left them. "So good, that feels so fucking hot," you prised him. "Tight only for you, Drake. Your cock's stretching me so fucking good, Sam," you kissed his jawline and whined loudly as you felt how his cock was moving in and out of your dripping wet pussy.

Sam smiled and started to move faster. His hand replaced yours on your breasts, playing with your nipples. "I hope that such a good girl is on some pills or different shit. Because I am not going to stop myself, sweetheart." He purred deeply and grabbed your chin, forcing you to look directly at him.

You rested the back of your head against cold wall and let out another grunt. "Just fuck me, I need your fucking cock to fuck this little cunt of mine," you begged him and soon wrapped both of your hands around his neck so he was holding you in air while tearing your cunt apart.

"Well, if you ask so nicely, babe." Sam chuckled and started to move you faster on his cock, placing a soft kisses on your shoulder and neck. "You feel so fucking good, Y/N. Look what you are doing to me." He growled, feeling himself getting closer.

"Let... Me... Ride you," you begged in shaking voice as you felt your juices slowly dripped down your thighs.

"Taking fact you ask so nicely." Sam moved away from the wall and lied on the bed. "Go on, little one." He purred as his hands started to massage your hips.

Resting your hands on his broad chest, you started to buck your hips back and forth, hardly, strongly. Your eyes never left his. You laid more onto his chest so his cock was leaving your pussy almost completely only to be slammed back in with a strong movement. You knew he was nearing his pick as his cock started throbbing, you felt how hard he was. "Fuck you, Drake. Oh, God, this is so fucking amazing, just like this and I'll fucking cum," you moaned and smiled to him as you leant forward to steal a kiss from his lips.

He pulled you closer and kissed you deeply, pushing his tongue into your mouth. Meanwhile his hand moved between your bodies to play with your clit.

Soon, Sam sat up a little and smiled. "You like it, don't you." He teased as his rough fingers rubbed your bundle of nerves harder.

You ached your back and let out nothing but a scream mixed with moan as the touched you that way.

You used all of your strengths to push him back on the bed and you rode him nicely and hardly. The bed was soon rocking back and forth, according to your strong, rapid movements.

Your mind was overwhelmed by your rapture and need of being appeased.

Your pussy finally started clenching rhythmically around his shaft and you rolled you head back. You hadn't stopped your movements even when you were reaching your peak, you decided to chase your orgasm as much as you were able to because you had wanted to get there with him...

Sam smiled seeing you struggling. The truth was he wanted to torture you until you will beg him for your realise, but your company was first in years, and Sam didn't dream about anything else.

He grabbed your hips and started to slam his ones into you harder than ever before. Soon ,he reached his climax, cumming deep inside of you. Sam was nuzzling to your shoulder trying to catch his breath. "I am getting too old for this." He joked, kissing your jaw.

You laid on his chest, still gasping for air. "Oh, God...," You whispered as you waited politely for your breathe to calm down. Rising your head a little, you looked him in the eyes and ran you fingers through his hair. You stole another kiss from his lips and stretched to sit on his lap properly, just you were doing while riding him. "It was a great fun but it's time for me," you informed him, looking around in attempt of finding your panties. His cock was still buried within your core.

Sam let out a deep sigh. "Here comes a sad part. Tell your pal that if you visit me one... No... Three more times than I will rethink the offer of him bailing me out." He said and slowly removed you from his cock to let you dress up.

You blinked and let out a little laughter. "C'mon! What was that even?!," You had gotten up to your feet only to realise that his sperm was dripping down inner parts of your things. You shivered and slipped hand between your legs to rub yourself, only to taste his cum from your fingers. You hummed as you did so, and then you quickly stepped in your lacy panties. "You taste bitter like espresso," you winked at him. "I like that."

As soon as your clothes were adjusted properly, and the bag was on your shoulder, you walked to the door and stopped only to turn your head to him. "Next time I come back here, you're going to leave with me as a free man."

As soon as Sam was prepared to leave he was dragged out from the room and taken back to his luxury cell.

"From haven to a gray reality." He muttered and lied down on his bunk. All that left for him now was a hope.

Hope that you weren't just a dream and that he will indeed leave this cursed place anytime soon.

Pandies🐼: @imidarogerson @grossograsso @thewildgardensstuff @leven-and-ashley @la-verdura @bearded-steve-rogers @atuckyismylife @krispyjellyfishzombie @personality-within @haseki-huricihan @choppedgardenwhispers @vroobelek @lattimelka @chris-beamz @purepearls @volcanoxxx @kastrup-sofie @mikkal-akasaki @withoutashadowofhope @radbluebirdeagle @smutloversblog @buquete @super-psycho-love69 @tanglesss @peter-sommer @baysidewest @vegemania @philip-stan @chodiusmmm @tykorclint @dagger-dragger @kurant @oxfordkipem @deliciousbouquet90 @tuptuptup @hellenna80 @karina-marina9 @latimeriaaa @bratko @wurld89 @scott-evans @kiss-me-rouge @ovonel-espaniol @dancing-tacco @ratugadhi @white-tiger-shangrila @axn69 @eternal-life-awaits @mrs-laura-harmon @gleeeeees @darkllaama @jatut @agawux @fuzzy-tigrrr @jrjohnsson2 @maaargoshaaa @einexx @nwmtagsb @secretlygrantaire @kyloren-supreme-ben​ @infinity-stones-seeker @thehappyspider @wings4life @huxyluxy @dontbeafraidchild​ @misafiryanki​ @electronicpatrolcollective​ @thisismysecrethappyplace​ @aulika​ @a-happy-wolf​ @creative-seahorse​ @biologyforliving​ @stareyedplanet​  

[anchorandrope]

how is the bbg going to end?

well, we already know that freddie isnt louis’ son but... how is this shit going to end?

there are two ways, in my opinion the first makes more sense in some things but its true that the second seems the most likely.

1) they expose everything: louis says they forced him to pretend to be a father

this form leaves everyone who participated in this very badly. it consists of after the BUA comes out, that louis comes out to tell the truth about the babygate. clearly this would come with a confirmation larry because why would they force him to pretend paternity if it’s not for larry? this form tells us what we want to hear, the true truth; now, is it feasible?

feasible is but many people say it is not likely because for years money and time were spent putting louis and harry in the closet and doing this would be the true “everything i did was useless” for simon and his team. louis and harry are going to win after all, but i dont think their beloved team want them to get 100% their way. is this option impossible? no, but knowing the shit of the industry they will do everything possible to look as “less bad” as possible and this way does not help them much.

on the other hand, many people support this theory since they argue that if louis had wanted to end the bbg with a paternity test, he would have done it long ago. its said that the reason he didnt end the bbg yet is because louis has the option to finish it with the pat test or fight the terms and get away with it. this makes a lot of sense since the pat test option will leave the subject tied around his neck forever and louis, as smart as he is, isnt going to want that. ending the subject with the pat test would be temporary since at some point in his life they will end up telling everything as it really was. if he ends it with the pat test, it would be lies covered with lies, he will have to go out and say that he broke up with harry in 2015 because otherwise he would admit that he cheated on him (although it wasnt like that, obviously).

2) paternity test: they make up a story for us

this form is a way to close the topic without creating a huge controversy and without having to confirm larry at that moment. it’s a form that gives margins with respect to time and “doesn’t confirm anything” since only a paternity test was done, why larry would be confirmed if it comes out negative, right?

the story that they are going to tell us may vary, no matter what it is, it’s purpose will be to justify that louis is not the father.

they may tell us that nick, brianna's fiance, wanted to adopt freddie since louis never saw him, they have a legal problem, louis takes a paternity test and comes out negative.

they may tell us that louis had already taken the paternity test a long time ago and they didn't wanted to say it for privacy reasons and to not to generate controversy for the child.

they may tell us that brianna began to suspect if louis was the real father and asked him to take a paternity test and comes out negative.

etc.

they can literally make up any story for us and we will have to “believe” it.

when is it going to end?

simple, we don’t known.

it was thought that it would end within a few months of when it started and clearly didn't happen.

freddie will be entering elementary school in no time and unless he is going to do homeschooling it’s a huge risk not to end it before that. he is a small boy who doesn’t know or understand the situation, it’s not something that can be easily explained and it’s practically impossible that he won’t tell the secret, small boys aren’t good at hiding and lying and that’s not a secret.

the more time passes, the more unsustainable the situation becomes. it could end at any time.

there is nothing we can do about it, the best we can do is continue supporting louis and calmly wait for the end it

—————————————————

como va a terminar el bbg?

muy bien, ya sabemos que freddie no es hijo de louis pero… como va a terminar esta mierda?

se habla de dos formas, en mi opinión la primera tiene mas sentido en algunas cosas pero es cierto que la segunda parece las mas probable.

1) exponen todo: louis dice que lo obligaron a fingir ser padre

esta forma deja muy mal parado a todo aquel que participo de esto. consiste en poco antes o despues de que salga el BUA, louis salga a contar la verdad del babygate. claramente esto vendría con una confirmación larry cerca ya que porque lo obligarían a fingir una paternidad sino? esta forma nos dice lo que queremos escuchar, la verdadera verdad; ahora, es factible?

factible es pero mucha gente dice que no es problable porque durante años se gastó plata y tiempo enclosetando a louis y a harry y hacer esto sería el verdadero “todo lo que hice fue al pedo” para simon y su equipo. louis y harry al fin y al cabo van a ganar pero no creo que sus queridos enclosetadores quieran que se salgan al 100% con la suya. es imposible esta opción? no, pero conociendo la mierda de la industria van a hacer lo posible para quedar lo “menos mal” posible y esta forma no los ayuda mucho que digamos.

por otra parte, mucha gente apoya esta teoría ya que plantean que si louis hubiera querido terminar el bbg con una prueba de paternidad, lo hubiera hecho hace mucho. se dice que la razon por la que no terminó el bbg todavía es porque louis tiene la opción de terminarlo ya con la pat test o pelear los terminos y salirse con la suya. esto tiene mucho sentido ya que la opción del pat test va a dejar el tema atado a su cuello por siempre y louis, como muy inteligente que eso, no va a querer eso. terminar el tema con el pat test sería algo temporal ya que en algún momento de su vida van a terminar contando todo como realmente fue. si lo termina con el pat test serían mentiras tapadas con mentiras, va a tener que salir a decir que terminó con harry en 2015 porque sino admitiría que lo engañó (aunque no fuese asi, obvio).

2) prueba de paternidad: nos inventan un cuento

esta forma es una forma de cerrar el tema sin armar una polémica enorme y sin tener la necesidad de confirmar larry en ese mometo. es una forma que da margenes respecto al tiempo y “no confirma nada” ya que solo se hizo una prueba de paternidad, porque se confirmaría larry si sale negativa, no?

la historia que nos van a decir puede variar, no importa cual sea, su fin va a ser justificar que louis no es el padre.

puede que nos digan que nick, el prometido de brianna quería adoptar a freddie ya que louis no lo veía nunca, tienen un problema legal, louis se hace una prueba de paternidad y sale negativa.

puede que nos digan que louis ya se había hecho la prueba de paternidad hace mucho y no lo querían decir por temas de privacidad y para no generar polémica por el niño.

puede que nos digan que brianna empezó a sospechar si louis era el verdadero padre y le pidió de hacerse una prueba de parternidad y salió negativa.

etc.

literalmente nos pueden inventar cualquier historia y nosotxs nos la vamos a tener que tragar.

cuando se va a terminar?

simple, no se sabe.

se pensó que se iba a terminar a los pocos meses de cuando empezó y claramente no sucedió.

freddie en poco tiempo va a entrar a la primaria y salvo que haga homeschooling es un riesgo enorme no terminarlo antes que eso. es un nene chiquito que no sabe ni entiende la situación, no es algo que se le pueda explicar fácilmente y es prácticamente imposible que no se le escape el secreto, los chicos chiquitos no son buenos ocultando y mintiendo y eso no es un secreto.

cuanto mas pasa el tiempo, mas insostenible se vuelve la situación. puede terminar en cualquier momento.

no hay nada que podamos hacer al respecto, lo mejor que podemos hacer es seguir apoyando a louis y esperar tranquilamente el end it

[spanishskulduggery]

Hi, is there an easy rule as for when to use el Subjuntivo?

I would say yes and no. There are easy parts of subjunctive, and there are more confusing parts of subjunctive. The subjunctive mood encompasses a lot, it’s like asking if there’s an easy rule for indicative and I’d be like “well maybe present tense is kind of up front about what it wants, but preterite/imperfect aren’t always easy to understand”… it’s like that.

The only mood that’s really easy to understand completely is the imperative [commands] because it’s “do it” or “don’t do it” and it’s a lot of conjugation and practice but it’s not like things change or get weird.

But subjunctive. Anything I try to explain about when it’s used is a big oversimplification so just bear with it because not everything perfectly lines up.

But in general there are maybe 5 or 6 general ways that present subjunctive is used, and I’ll explain them all in more detail:

Expressing desire/opinion/imposition of will/wish fulfillment and opinions based on emotional input

Subjunctive phrases

Subjunctive possibility

Ignorance, doubt, or disbelief

Politeness [and the subject of politeness also includes #6 which is “indirect commands” or “a politer way to ask someone to do something]

There’s also some overlap between them, because like I said it doesn’t all line up perfectly into little boxes or categories all the time. I’m also arranging them in order of things most needed to know before you go on to the next part.

Also please keep in mind this is specifically present subjunctive, but I will go over imperfect subjunctive a bit because there is some overlap but also imperfect subjunctive can be more particular.

When you’re talking subjunctive most people will lay out subjunctive in terms of #1 and that makes sense because it’s a good starting point. When you’re talking about subjunctive in this sense, it’s primarily made up of two causes with the first clause in some kind of indicative and then following it is a subjunctive clause.

The clauses are then normally connected with a que or sometimes there’s a de que or a que depending on the verb. Some verbs use specific prepositions, it’s not like the meaning is suddenly different exactly.

Quiero que pongas la mesa. = I want you to set the table.

The quiero is in present tense [indicative], while pongas is present subjunctive. This would be something like a desire or an imposition of will.

The yo wants tú to do something, and by imposing their will on that person. 

It can also be used impersonally [without a person, talking about an inanimate object]:

Ojalá que no llueva. = I hope (to God) that it doesn’t rain.

Espero que nieve. = I hope it snows. 

Deseo que haga buen tiempo. = I hope the weather’s nice. [lit. “I hope it makes good weather”]

These sorts of things sometimes cross into subjunctive possibility, but the idea is that you’re wishing or wanting something to happen, and the thing that is “to happen” is then in subjunctive.

In its base form, subjunctive is “someone wants something to happen” and it’s divided between “someone wants [indicative] + that/to [que] + to happen [subjunctive]

And in this form, it’s very important that there be two different subjects in two clauses. You CANNOT have subjunctive in this particular sense without it or it would come up as indicative:

Quiero que te vayas a dormir. = I want you to go to sleep.

Quiero irme a dormir. / Me quiero ir a dormir. = I want to go to sleep.

A yo cannot really “act on itself”… you’re just expressing a desire. It’s not an imposition of will if it isn’t someone else’s will… it’s just an expression of will.

So in other words “I want you to set the table” is a yo working influence over a tú. But quiero poner la mesa “I want to set the table” has no conflict of influence.

The next part is opinion and particularly emotional opinions. I say emotional since they’re usually done with words related to emotion, but what it really means is subjective. Subjective is subjunctive.

In other words someone/someone is “happy/sad/afraid/curious/scared/worried” that “something will happen”. They aren’t always emotions, but they can be done with subjective opinions like “important/interesting/curious” etc… It also includes me gusta(n) or me gustaría(n) though me gustaría normally indicates imperfect subjunctive.

These do sometimes exist with imperfect subjunctive because of things happening in the past but for the purposes of explaining these will all be in present subjunctive.

Me alegra que hayas venido. = I’m glad you could come.Me alegra que vengas. = I’m glad you’re coming.

Es triste que no sea así. = It’s sad it’s not like that.Es triste que diga eso. = It’s sad that he/she would say that.Me entristece que lo haga. = It saddens me that he/she/it would do that.

Es curioso que nadie quiera ir. = It’s curious/strange that no one would want to go.

Es importante que escuchen. = It’s important for them to listen.

Es interesante que lo menciones. = It’s interesting you mention it.

Qué bien que estés aquí. = I’m glad you’re here. [lit. “how nice (it is) that you’re here”]

There are times when people will use indicative instead of subjunctive, but predominantly subjunctive is the most applicable and polite.

#2 Subjunctive phrases is a very overarching kind of thing. It shows up in a lot of the other categories. But basically there are many words or expressions that generally (and sometimes always) indicate subjunctive. Some of these include…

a menos que = unless (something happens)

con tal (de) que = as long as (something happens)

hasta que = until (something happens)

a no ser que = unless (something happens)

antes (de) que = before (something happens)

después (de) que = after (something happens)

hacer que = to make (something do something else)

para que = so that (something could happen)

sin que = without (something happening)

tal vez / quizá = maybe

puede que = it might/could (be that)

ojalá* (que) = I hope to God / hopefully (something happens)

*I mentioned it before but ojalá is a word that literally means “I hope to God” or something like “God willing”. It comes from Arabic most likely something like “inshallah”, where “Allah” comes out as Alá in Spanish.

This list also includes es importante que, es curioso que, es triste que and others. There’s also no pensar/creer que which I’ll cover more in the part on doubt.

There are also verbs that generally imply subjunctive when used with a que

pedir que = to request that (something happen)

desear que = to desire/want that (something happen)

querer que = to want that (something happen)

obligar a que = to force/obligate (someone to do something)

exigir que = to demand that (something happen)

sugerir que = to suggest that (something happen)

mandar que = to order that (something happen)

lamentar que = to regret/lament that (something happened)

preferir que = to prefer that (something happen)

esperar que = to hope that (something happen)esperar a que = to wait until (something happens)

I should say that there are some phrases that ARE NOT ALWAYS subjunctive, depending on use. The big example of this is después que which can be subjunctive or indicative.

They make most sense in subjunctive when the thing hasn’t happened yet but still might. This is also going to use imperfect subjunctive because a lot of the indicative examples of them do happen in past tense. I will say that’s more common with después though.

Me voy a dormir después (de) que me llamen. = I’m going to bed after they call me.

In this case it makes sense to have subjunctive because it implies that the “they” hasn’t called yet. This crosses into possibility. There’s a possibility they won’t, or they might. But the yo doesn’t know when.

For indicative it would have to be after it had already happened:

después (de) que me llamaron = after they called me

While you do see something like después (de) que me llamaran which is imperfect subjunctive “after they had called me” or “after they would call me” it’s harder to translate without proper context.

Let’s just say that generally when it has already happened, it’s indicative for después.

#3 Possibility. This one is the hardest to explain because English’s subjunctive is conjugated like indicative, which makes it harder to spot in English when it is being used.

Possibility is somewhere between doubt and subjunctive phrases, but it means that it gets used with unlikely events. These are usually hypothetical situations or things that haven’t happened yet but might later on but you don’t know when.

Espero a que llegue el tren. = I’m waiting until the train arrives.

In this sense, you don’t know when the train will arrive, but it’s something like a possibility.

The most common one is puede que which is used as “might/could”:

Puede que llueva. = It might rain.

Puede que haga sol. = It might be sunny.

Puede que vayan a la playa. = They might go to the beach.

Puede que se queden en casa. = They might stay home.

Puede que tengas razón. = You might be right.

Puede que tengan hambre. = They might be hungry.

The use of puede que is kind of like a guess or a supposition.

You can also say puede que sí “it might” or puede que no “it might not” as complete sentences.

Possibilities like this can sometimes be translated with words involving -ever like “whenever”, “however”, “whoever/whomever”, “wherever”, “whatever”:

lo que sea = whatever

Sea lo que sea. = Be that as it may/were. / Whatever it is.

A quien corresponda… = To whom it concerns…

Quien lea esto… = Whoever reads this…A quien lea esto… = To whomever reads this…

dondequiera que estés = wherever you areadondequiera que vayas = wherever you go

como quieras = as you wish / whatever you sayHaz lo que quieras. = Do whatever you want.Haz lo que te dé la gana. = Do whatever you want.

en cuanto puedas = as soon as you can

pase lo que pase = come what may

Sometimes whether it’s indicative or subjunctive depends on your style or personal mood:

Cuando tienes tiempo… = When you have the time…

Cuando tengas tiempo… = Whenever you have the time…

Using subjunctive here just means that you’re kind of like “no rush” and you don’t expect them to get back to you very soon.

They can also be used in the sense of contrary to fact or denials of reality. This I find makes the most sense with aunque

When aunque is used with indicative it’s roughly “although”. When it’s subjunctive aunque is often “even if/though”

Aunque sean de piedra… = Even if they’re made of stone… / Though they be made of stone…

Aunque sea verdad… = Even if that is true…Aunque fuera verdad… = Even if that were true…

Aunque digas la verdad… = Even if you tell the truth…Aunque no digas/dijeras la verdad… = Even if you don’t tell the truth…

Aunque tengas razón… = Even if you’re right…

#4 Ignorance is kind of the same as those above, but it’s a little more straightforward. You don’t know what you don’t know, so ignorance or doubt or disbelief are uncertain by nature. It’s that uncertainty that makes things very easy to understand.

Dudo que sea así. = I doubt it’s like that.

Dudo que llueva. = I doubt it will rain.

Que yo sepa. = As far as I know. / To my knowledge…Que tú sepas. = As far as you know.Que ellos/ellas sepan. = As far as they know.Que nosotros/nosotras sepamos. = As far as we know. / To our knowledge…

A very common confusion exists with no creer and no pensar and no estar seguro/a, and their affirmative counterparts. But it’s very simple: firm beliefs and certainty and thoughts are indicative, and being unsure or uncertain or not believing are most often subjunctive:

pensar que = to think that + indicativeno pensar que = to not that thing + subjunctive

creer que = to believe that + indicativeno creer que = to not believe that + subjunctive

estar seguro/a (de) que = to be sure that + indicativeno estar seguro/a (de) que = to be unsure that / to not be certain that + subjunctive

The affirmatives show confidence, and the negatives show uncertainty:

Pienso que es importante. = I think it’s important.No pienso que sea importante. = I don’t think it’s important. / I don’t think it would be important.

Creo que es importante. = I believe it’s important.No creo que sea importante. = I don’t believe it’s important. / I don’t believe it would be important.

Estoy seguro/a (de) que es importante. = I’m sure it’s important.No estoy seguro/a (de) que sea importante. = I’m not sure if it’s important.

Basically the lesson is that your thoughts and beliefs when phrases affirmatively are indicative. English is a little wishy-washy in that we sometimes say “to think” in a more doubtful or uncertain way, but Spanish is very clear that it’s indicative unless you add a negative to it:

Pienso que no es posible. = I think that’s it’s not possible.

No pienso que sea posible. = I don’t think that’s possible.

#5 Politeness

There are times when you use subjunctive for politeness. I would say in general when you’re asking for something or ordering food, it’s normally fine to use present tense, and then if you want to be VERY painfully polite you can use conditional.

Subjunctive however is sometimes used to soften what might be considered too blunt or direct in indicative or imperative. This is how you get something like cuando tienes tiempo vs. cuando tengas tiempo, or something like si es posible vs. si sea posible

The subjunctive can imply a kind of uncertainty or deference in those situations, but that can sort of read as you being insecure or possibly insincere, like it’s possible to see subjunctive and read it as sarcastic… Sort of like “do what you want” can be turned into a more subjunctive “do whatever you want” and that can make a sharp distinction.

But since we kind of covered that already above, I’ll talk about subjunctive politeness in terms of what’s known as indirect commands.

An indirect command is a murky halfway point between subjunctive and imperative mood.

While imperative mood is affirmative or negative commands [“do it” vs. “don’t do it”], the subjunctive kind of takes any rough edges off of that. 

There are times, even when it’s polite, that a command might feel too direct. And there are also times when you’re wishing for something to happen on someone’s behalf, OR you’re asking someone to tell someone else to do something.

That last one is really the full definition of “indirect”:

Canten. = Sing. [plural; direct]

Diles que canten. = Tell them to sing. [di being the tú command of decir]Que canten. = Have them sing.

Instead of telling someone directly to “sing”, you can tell someone “hey, you go tell them to sing”… thus making it indirect.

The use of que + subjunctive is very common for indirect commands and it’s not always specifically politeness, but it reads as impersonal or indirect:

Que así sea. = So be it.

Que sean felices y coman perdices. = “And they lived happily ever after”.[lit. “may they be happy and eat partridges”, where partridges were the kind of thing a noble might eat so it’s like “let them be happy and be wealthy”]

Que no llueva. = I hope it doesn’t rain. / Let it not rain. / “Let’s hope it doesn’t rain”.

Que tengas un buen día. = Have a nice day. [tú]Que tenga un buen día. = Have a nice day. [formal]Que tengan un buen día. = Have a nice day. [plural]

Que haya luz. = Let there be light.Que exista luz. = Let there be light.

Indirect commands always use the subjunctive in these cases.

Also please note that present subjunctive can sometimes be read with a future kind of tone. It’s because present (even in indicative; especially in indicative) has a kind of declarative sense, and a kind of short-term future sense.

So there are times when you see present subjunctive used even though the translation uses something closer to how future tense would sound:

No me importa (lo) que digan. = I don’t care what they say. [present declarative]

No me importa (lo) que digan. = I don’t care what they’re going to say. [short-term future]*no me importa lo que digan is also correct

This is also more generally present subjunctive because it comes across as “what they may (or may not) say”.

In general subjunctive isn’t so difficult once you’re able to recognize the different situations and scenarios that require subjunctive. It’s only really confusing when there are times when you can use either indicative or subjunctive and they change the implied meaning... not enough to change the ENTIRE meaning, but enough to add certain nuances.

It can be like walking a tightrope but when you get more experience, subjunctive isn’t as hard and daunting as it is when you first come across it.

[imperfect subjunctive to follow at a later date]

[kathyprior4200]

Dragon Ball Characters as Teachers / An In Depth Look at the 12 Universes

Goku: Teaches martial arts and provides free lunches for his students every day.

 Vegeta: Etiquette for addressing royalty.

 Gohan: Math, martial arts, and Saiyan culture. Wrote a book in a later age.

 Trunks: Teaches sword fighting, justice studies and the pros and cons of time travel.

Tien: Teaches the New Crane School with their martial arts styles

 Krillin: Teaches the New Turtle School with their martial arts styles

 Frieza: Monarchy and world conquering studies.

 Hit: History of assassins and time breakers

 Ginyu Force: Dance classes and learning poses. Also offers gymnastics and yoga.

 Piccolo: Spiritual studies, meditation, and perseverance.

 Bulma: Engineering, science, and the autonomy of capsules

 Chi-Chi: Home Economics, team teaches with Videl

  Master Roshi: Pornography studies, Kamehameha technique and his own version of anatomy

 Broly: Fighting techniques, the geography and life on Vampa…KILL KAKAROT!...that was his other older self, we’re not doing that…

 Caulifla and Kale: Fusion techniques and women in Saiyan history

 Cabba: Universe 6 history and the dynamics of a student/teacher relationship

 Cell: How to absorb others and become the perfect being. Also offers a course on bug and reptile studies.

 Majin Buu team teaches with Hercule: Wrestling techniques, how to become a champion, and how to enjoy the most candy. Bring pets and chocolate for extra credit.

 Android 21: Counseling and addiction course

 Beerus and Whis: A divine cooking course, learn how to make your favorite dishes from around the world. All students are required to bring pudding and meals to professor Beerus, unless they want the Earth to be destroyed.

 Jaco: Police duties and the history of the Galactic Patrol

 Zamasu and Goku Black: religious studies and the ugliness of humanity

 Jiren and Toppo: Fighting for justice across the realms. Strength is absolute.

 Baby: Tuffle technology and the science of possession

Turles and Bojack: How to be space pirates and colonize other worlds. Learn about the fruits from the Tree of Might and learn how to grow your own.

 Zeno Destruction Group: Team teaching, featuring Hearts as the head teacher. Teaches the tyranny of oppressive forces (Zeno) and how to make the world fit your own standards.

 Fu: Traveling to the past and future to gather energy. How to bring warriors together to fit your purposes. Have warriors fight each other and learn about science at the same time.

 Dabura: Demonology studies and the world of the Demons. Extra article: “My surprisingly good life in heaven”

 Pilaf: Rule the universe, gain wealth, and order your lackeys around! All the steps you need to make the universe yours!

 Kami and Dende: Namekian studies and the perils of releasing your evil self

King Piccolo: Rule setting, releasing criminals and living the good life. Learn about Namekian reproduction and how handy minions can be.

 Raditz: Saiyan history and world colonization.

 Yamcha: Desert living, thievery, and baseball studies. Win a baseball game for extra credit. Learn the Wolf Fang Fist and how to survive  when fighting Saibamen.

 Korin: Grow your own Senzu beans

 Shenron and Porunga: History of the Dragon Balls and why one should always be careful what they wish for

 Android 17: Environmental studies and how to be a park ranger

Android 18: Android physiology and how to raise a strong child

   U1 1st

U12 2nd

U5 3rd

U8 4th

U11 5th

U2 6th

U3 7th

U10 8th

U4 9th

U7 10th

U6 11th

U9 12th

  NEW! Travel abroad to other universes and learn their values.

 Universe 1: “We are one.”

With the symbol of the wise owl, this universe has the highest mortal level (harmony) of all the universes. Meet Iwan, the god of Destruction, Awamo the Angel and Anat, the Supreme Kai. Our universe has a vast collection of books and tablets filled with knowledge from ancient to modern times. Learn the secrets of true harmony and the ways to hinder violence and bias. Our Universe is closest to the divine, so you may get a chance to interact with the Grand Priest and even Zeno-sama. Our Supreme Kai/Core Persons are the most organized in all the universes.

 Universe 2: “Love is always in the air!”

The symbol of this universe is the eye of Horus, representing our love for Egyptian mythology as well as harmony. Meet the beautiful Goddess of Destruction Jerez and her angel attendant Sour and the Supreme Kai, Pell. Learn about our lovely warriors of our universe, featuring our trio of magical girls and guys. Ribranne explains the art of her transformations and her fellow warriors have graciously agreed to perform dances for tours! If you ever want to find true love, need relationship advice, or are plain lonely, our people will give you all the support you need. (Also, don’t miss our Valentine’s Day extravaganza and Sailor Moon movie night.)

 Universe 3: “Fix it if it’s broken; if not, improve it!”

Welcome to the most technologically advanced universe in the galaxy. Mule, the God of Destruction explains the workings of his robotic suit. Camparri is the angel and the Supreme Kai is Ka. Meet Castopersa, a member of our police force and a participant in the Tournament of Power. We make all sorts of efficient gadgets that would leave the technology-oriented Tuffles speechless! Feel free to sign up for our science studies program…engineers are always in high demand.

 Universe 4: “Conspiracies and secrets galore…hide them no more…in Universe 4!”

Our people will do anything to emerge victorious, consequences need not apply. Quitela is our God of Destruction, Cognac our Angel, and Kuru our Supreme Kai. Join us for an exclusive interview with our warriors, including the seductive Caway, Damon, our shrinking member, Gamisaras who can turn invisible, and many more. Have something to sell on the Black Market? Are you secretly plotting to influence the world? We got you covered, 100% guaranteed. Just come on over to our Universe and see the amazing things we have to offer!

 Universe 5: “Balance is key.”

Our Universe represents Ying and Yang at its finest. As a Universe with one of the highest mortal levels, we are committed to being the best we can be. Arak is our God of Destruction, interests include peaceful meditation. Cukatail is our Angel and Ogma is our Supreme Kai.

 Universe 6: “Giving up is never an option.”

Champa is our God of Destruction, Vados is our Angel, and Fuwa is our Supreme Kai. In our Universe, you’ll get to experience an alternate world where the Saiyans become protectors and Planet Salada still survives. You may get a chance to encounter His Majesty King Salada (who was better than King Vegeta ever was). Meet our Saiyan fighters Cabba, Caulifla and Kale as they share their stories from Salada. Hit is our legendary time breaker and assassin. Frost can be a cheater, but he’s still a great fighter. We also have robot fighters, but be sure to be nice.

Update: Our Earth has been restored thanks to the God of Universe 7. Now let’s hope that the mortals there don’t get into fights again.

 Universe 7: “This land was made for you and me.”

Beerus is our God of Destruction, Whis is our Angel and Shin is our Supreme Kai. Here is where the events of Dragon Ball Z and Super took place. Also, we are the Universe that won the Tournament of Power due to our teamwork and determination. Meet Goku, Vegeta, Androids 17 and 18, Krillin, Gohan, Piccolo, and many other great individuals. (But don’t meet Frieza, he’s evil).

  Universe 8: “Dignity in Diligence.”

Work hard, play hard. No other Universe puts in more effort than ours! Liqueur is our fox God of Destruction, Korn is our Angel and Iru, our Supreme Kai.

 Universe 9: “Our bark is worse than our bite!”

Our Universe may be barren, but that doesn’t stop us from surviving! Sidra is our God of Destruction, Mojito is our Angel and Ro is our Supreme Kai. Bergamo, Basil, and Lavender are three warrior wolves and our finest fighters. Weakness is not tolerated here, so survival of the fittest does apply. Here we forge brotherly bonds to help us survive the harsh and violent climate we live in.

 Universe 10: “Muscle is Might!”

Come visit our marvelous Universe and meet the strongest fighters in all the realms. Rumush is our pink elephant God of Destruction, Kusu is our Angel and Gowasu is our Supreme Kai. (Be sure to bring him tea if you see him. And don’t mention the traitor Zamasu). If you think you have what it takes, join our boot camp and see what our fighters face each day.

 Universe 11: “Strength is absolute, but Justice is for all.”

Justice is more than just a concept. Here in Universe 11, we believe that everyone deserves equal treatment…and the proper punishment when necessary. Vermond is our clown God of Destruction (who has his own group of harem woman), Marcarita is our Angel, and Cae is our Supreme Kai. Come join us for an exclusive interview with the Pride Troopers and the strongest mortal in the world: Jiren!

   Universe 12: “Be the Ultimate Being.”

Meet Giin, our aquatic God of Destruction, but be sure to treat him with respect. Martinu is our Angel and Ag is our Supreme Kai. Learn about a mortal who used a time machine from one of our civilizations. Our Universe has the second highest mortal rating…and you won’t be disappointed. Travel and stay in our futuristic Atlantis city, visit our oceans and learn aquatic techniques to cleanse your mind, body, and soul. If Giin decides to be ruthless and conquer other worlds, don’t take it personally.

[drunklander]

Drunj!Der Yells About Outlander

Thoughts on Ep. 307

So this was an episode that happened. It’s kind of tough to get excited about an episode that’s sole purpose is basically to set up the next one. There were definitely some parts that I really liked *cough Claire cough* and some things that I side-eyed so hard. *cough Jamie cough*

I get that the point of this episode is to show just how much more work they need to do if they’re going to be able to rebuild their life together. And it *is* making me excited for next week to see shit actually go down. But based off of how underwhelmed I was with last week, I feel like I really need to lower my expectations for next week, haha.

This week’s episode served its purpose, though, sooo...

Shockingly, I hate this opening. Like yeah, Claire needs a patient to set up part of the tension with Jamie, but jfc at this point I’ll take her being physically threatened in a non-sexual way rather than *another* attempted rape. All that needed to be accomplished was for the guy to trip and fall. There are ways to do that without attempted rape. We get that the 18th century is dangerous. Stop going back to that same well, show.

Jamie not asking Claire if she’s ok when he comes in bothers me. A lot. Like dude. Look what you just walked into. Look how freaked out Claire is. And you’re *not* going to ask if she’s ok? You’re *not* going to like give her a hug or some gesture of comfort? Even if she wasn’t his wife who just showed up after 20 years and they had just spent the last night having lots of sex, any other person would have asked if Claire was ok if they came across her in that state.

I get that part of what they’re trying to get across with Jamie in this episode is how detached he is from basically everyone. Like he’s been hurt so much and lost so much over the last 20 years that he’s decided feeling nothing for people is more bearable than being hurt by them or something. But, idk, I feel like even if that’s how he’s functioning now, common decency still says you ask someone if they’re ok.

Claire asking Jamie if he understands why she has to try to save the rando makes me sad for her. Because she’s basically asking him if he understands who she is at her core and his reaction is like begrudging acceptance. Which like, I get it. It’s easier for everyone if the guy just dies. But for Claire, it’s like Jamie is barely tolerating her literal purpose in life. The thing that got her though their years apart. And that makes me want to give her a hug. It’s also a stark contrast to his reaction last week when he found out she was a surgeon and he was all “oh you always were” like he was so proud of her. Getting whiplash here, bro.

(Not that Claire needs to justify *at all* what she’s doing, but I feel like now would have been a good place to introduce Jamie to the Hippocratic oath.)

Also not a fan of how Jamie tells her that she’d be arrested for assault if they call the authorities about the guy who broke in. Like dude. There’s a way to do that without being an asshole.

I swear this episode feels like last week never happened. Especially on Jamie’s side.

“I admire a woman who values the sanctity of human life.” I never in a million years thought I’d like Yi Tien Cho better than Jamie in an episode. But yeah. I like him in this episode. I’m definitely on board with how the show has changed him. I’m here for the respect between him and Claire. Good job, show.

I was seriously wishing they would cut the whole Campbell storyline but nope. Here we are. *fast forwards*

I’m always here for Young Ian and Fergus, though. But can we please talk about how Young Ian is fucking 14? Yeah, they said he was 16 last week, but they fucking start ep. 302 with the year 1752 on the screen. Claire goes back to 1766. That’s 14 years. Jfc, show, if you wanted to age him up a bit (which yeah, you should age him up a bit), you should have tweaked the timeline in ep. 302 rather than having him be canonically 14 but then be like nope, jk, we want him to be 16. Whatever. He can be 16 from now on, but for real. Math. It’s a thing, show.

Age nonsense aside, I am so here for Young Ian asking Fergus about Claire and Fergus like fanboying the fuck out over her.

Ok did Outlander miss the memo that people made fun of Game of Thrones for having random sex and nudity in the background of scenes? And how they don’t do it anymore and that’s a good thing? Because for a show that claims that it has great respect for sex and nudity, there are randos banging again in the background of Jamie meeting Sir Percival. Because clearly if there weren’t we wouldn’t be able to understand that it’s a brothel? Whatever, I don’t dislike it, and it’s not like I took what the production team says in interviews seriously to begin with, but I’m rolling my eyes a bit.

I love that Yi Tien Cho goes along with what Claire needs and seems to genuinely respect her skills. Be more like him, Jamie.

“This ends now.” Why do you suck so much through so much of this episode, Jamie. There’s being changed after so long and then there’s being a complete twat. Jamie through a lot of this episode is like leaping over to the twat side of things.

Like I love the little scene when he tells her she’ll have other chances to use her skills and help people and the whole bit about being willing to give up everything to be with her again and stuff. That’s lovely. But it seems like a completely different person from who he is during most of the rest of the episode. Like he goes from acting like he’d give anything for her to *not* be there and not be blowing up his spot one second to all mushy and romantic the next. There needs to be tension and stuff, but the swings in his characterization are kind of jarring. Especially since the shit with Sir Percival has literally zero to do with Claire showing up. It would have happened regardless... (Ok, maybe the guy wouldn’t have died, but him and Sir Percival still would have shown up to search the brothel.)

Like the “You will...return? After?” line works. His fear she’ll leave and his insecurity and stuff works. Him being a complete doucherocket to her? Not so much.

Anywho. Young Ian and Fergus are adorable and I love them. I am 1000% here for this bromance. Also, Fergus is totally full of shit about having a threesome for his first time, right? Unless the teens at Lallybroch are way more sexually liberated than I thought, lol. In which case, more power to them. You get yours, rando Highland lasses.

The difference in Claire’s face when she gets off the carriage in Edinburgh in ep. 305 vs. when she’s walking to see Margaret Campbell in this ep. kills me. Like it literally took *one day* to basically crush the poor woman’s spirit. Just the weight she’s carrying there of everything she went through during the 20 years apart plus the weight of what she gave up to come back is just all right there on her face. Her 20 years apart weren’t happy, but she built a life that was hers. She had purpose in her work which I wish we saw more of. She had her daughter which I wish we saw more of. And she gave all that up for a guy who has interrogated her regarding her motive for returning, insulted their daughter in more than one way and has been treating her like pretty much nothing but a burden? You need the biggest of hugs, Claire.

Seriously wish they just cut the Campbells, though. Like we’ll see how they handle them later on in the season, but yeah. Hard pass.

Young Ian is awkward and adorable and I heart him. But I could really have used less of him in the print shop with the girl...

Ok does no one in the 18th century know how sex works? How can literally every virgin on this show just assume that horses set the gold standard for secksi times?

“Maybe we can find a place of our own.” “And leave the brothel?” Yes, you fuckwit. Seriously. Who is this Jamie. I get it, he’s changed, yada yada, they’re different people. But literally last episode he was like “oh, yeah, maybe I shouldn’t have brought you to a brothel” and now he’s like “oh yeah, it’s totally cool if we just live here.” Wtf. Be consistent within your own universe, show.

I love that even though Jamie is being a complete jackass this episode, Claire is still like planning her future with him. Claire knows what she went through during her time apart from Jamie. She doesn’t know all of the details about what Jamie went through, but she knows he is profoundly changed. Claire isn’t naive. Wanting to start to rebuild a life together isn’t the same thing as pretending that their old lives didn’t happen. When she went back to Frank, he wanted to ignore the past and that was unsustainable. Wanting to not live in a brothel is not the same thing as wanting to pretend that the last 20 years never happened. Claire knows that she’s scared and hasn’t been fully honest with Jamie about her life without him, because being vulnerable enough to do that takes a lot of trust and courage, and she’s not quite there yet. But I really believe Claire believes that she and Jamie can get to a place where they’re able to share everything they went through. When she said they didn’t need to rush things in ep. 306, I took that at face value, not as her avoiding the hard truths of their time apart. I really think she just understands that it will take time and effort to regain enough trust between them to be able to share what needs sharing in order to build a solid, new version of their relationship that’s built on honesty. Her trying to find a productive place for herself in Jamie’s new life works really well for me. She’s not asking him to change (except their living situation, which I can’t blame her in the slightest for), she’s trying to find a place for herself in his, and now her, world. Knowing what Claire gave up, and the fact that she didn’t take that sacrifice lightly, to get back to Jamie makes it pretty clear that she’s willing to do whatever it takes to try to find their way back to each other. I get the sense that she knew that there would be a lot of emotional work involved and she wouldn’t have gone back if she wasn’t willing to do it.

Apparently I had a lot of feelings about Claire wanting to move and start her own practice. Anywho...

I love the reunion with Ian. I love the mix of pain and shock and happiness on his face. I’m glad they had him tell her how much he and Jenny mourned her when she left. I’m really looking forward to Claire and Jenny next week, but I do kind of wish they’d switch things up and have Jamie and Claire tell Jenny and Ian the truth. Because otherwise, Claire leaving is solely on Claire when really it was Jamie who basically forced her to go. I loved Claire and Jenny’s relationship in season one, and I hope (but doubt) they’ll make this change. It feels like it’d be very in character for show!Claire to want to do once she is back at Lallybroch and really sees how much pain her leaving caused them.

I do like their fight after Ian leaves though. Like, finally. Get into itttt. Please. Go there. Fight! Fight! Fight! Fight!

Although Jamie acting like he sees the world in black and white when he literally lives in the gray areas doesn’t really play well for me. But Claire, knowing that Jamie’s inability to raise his children hurts him like whoa, going in for the kill by telling him he doesn’t know what it’s like to be a parent does work. Because yeah, he *definitely* should have given Ian some peace of mind. It was a total dick move not to. And what Claire said was a low blow and not really a good look for her, and two wrongs don’t make a right and yada yada whatever, but it was a shitty move by Jamie not to give Ian some relief and he needs to be smacked upside the head and that’s basically what Claire does except on steroids.

I’m here for Jamie’s anger about not getting to raise Bree, and her being raised by another man. But a) that’s not fucking Claire’s fault, you asshole who literally, physically pushed Claire’s hand onto the stone, and b) I’m annoyed as fuck by him bringing up the bikini again. I get it, different time, yada yada, but it feels like he has just leeched onto that as something to throw at Claire as like a sign she was a bad mother. Because she let Bree wear something like that. (He can say she was a good mother when they’re all lovey in bed and stuff, but when he’s called on his bullshit he apparently has no problem being a complete fuckwad...) But oh wait, who also used Bree as a way to hurt Claire? Frank. Don’t be like Frank, Jamie. Ugh.

The look on Claire’s face when she says that Frank was a wonderful father to Brianna breaks my heart a little. Because he wasn’t. He used Bree to hurt Claire. He played himself against Claire so he looked like the good parent in Bree’s eyes. Bree may have loved him, but that’s not being a good parent. That’s being a manipulative, cruel, selfish piece of shit. And I think Claire knows that. But she knows that Bree loved him and she’s like trying to hang on to that fact to make what she went through over those 20 years with Frank seem like they weren’t a waste.

And she says it to Jamie because she doesn’t want him to know how much pain Frank caused her while she was with him. It hurts Jamie to hear that Frank was a good father to Bree, but I think Claire would rather have him hurt that way than to see just how badly Frank fucked her up because Jamie made her go back to him. Because on some level Claire blames Jamie a bit, but also doesn’t want to seem like she “lost” the separation? (It’s not a contest, Claire, but I get it...) Like Jamie hasn’t shared much about his life without her. He shared only a few details around Willie’s birth, so Claire knows he was a bastard, but she also saw Jamie’s excitement and love for the child that overshadowed his reaction to Bree. And Jamie hasn’t gone into anything about the pain and misery he went through on his end during his years in the cave or in prison. He’s only given her the couple romantic lines about living in the shadows but now the sun’s back and yada yada. So to Claire, it seems like yeah, Jamie went through some stuff, but he has his life in Edinburgh and he’s happy in it so if Claire admits that she was miserable and living this cobbled together half-life for 20 years, it makes her more vulnerable to being hurt more deeply than she could probably bear if Jamie can’t understand? Which, by his behavior since she came back, it doesn’t seem like he would?

GUYS JUST RIP THE BANDAID OFF, PLEASE! I NEED TO SEE THE RAGE AND PAIN AND ARGH IS IT NEXT WEEK YET BECAUSE I NEED THEM TO JUST LET LOOSE AND SCREAM AT EACH OTHER!

Ok Jamie dramatically jumping over the railing with his ridic blanket scarf thing is too much for me. Like I can’t even. It’s so dumb.

But Fergus’ face when Jamie tells him Claire doesn’t know about his other wife yet is my everything. We’re all right there with you, Fergus...

[englishchinesetranslations]

As a working Sinologist, each time I look up a word in my Webster's or Kenkyusha's I experience a sharp pang of deprivation Having slaved over Chinese dictionaries arranged in every imaginable order (by K'ang-hsi radical, left-top radical, bottom-right radical, left-right split, total stroke count, shape of successive strokes, four-comer, three-comer, two-corner, kuei-hsieh, ts'ang-chieh, telegraphic code, rhyme tables, "phonetic" keys, and so on ad nauseam), I have become deeply envious of specialists in those languages, such as Japanese, Indonesian, Hindi, Persian, Russian, Turkish, Korean, Vietnamese, and so forth, which possess alphabetically arranged dictionaries Even Zulu, Swahili, Akkadian (Assyrian), and now Sumerian have alphabetically ordered dictionaries for the convenience of scholars in these areas of research

Webmaster's note: This essay was instrumental in leading to production of the

ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary

, which is by far my favorite Mandarin-English dictionary.

It is a source of continual regret and embarrassment that, in general, my colleagues in Chinese studies consult their dictionaries far less frequently than do those in other fields of area studies. But this is really not due to any glaring fault of their own and, in fact, they deserve more sympathy than censure. The difficulties are so enormous that very few students of Chinese are willing to undertake integral translations of texts, preferring instead to summarize, paraphrase, excerpt and render into their own language those passages which are relatively transparent Only individuals with exceptional determination, fortitude, and stamina are capable of returning again and again to the search for highly elusive characters in a welter of unfriendly lexicons. This may be one reason why Western Sinology lags so far behind Indology (where is our Böthlingk and Roth or Monier-Williams?), Greek studies (where is our Liddell and Scott?), Latin studies (Oxford Latin Dictionary), Arabic studies (Lane's, disappointing in its arrangement by "roots" and its incompleteness but grand in its conception and scope), and other classical disciplines. Incredibly, many Chinese scholars with advanced degrees do not even know how to locate items in supposedly standard reference works or do so only with the greatest reluctance and deliberation. For those who do make the effort, the number of hours wasted in looking up words in Chinese dictionaries and other reference tools is absolutely staggering. What is most depressing about this profligacy, however, is that it is completely unnecessary. I propose, in this article, to show why.

First, a few definitions are required, What do I mean by an "alphabetically arranged dictionary"? I refer to a dictionary in which all words (tz'u) are interfiled strictly according to pronunciation. This may be referred to as a "single sort/tier/layer alphabetical" order or series. I most emphatically do not mean a dictionary arranged according to the sounds of initial single graphs (tzu), i.e. only the beginning syllables of whole words. With the latter type of arrangement, more than one sort is required to locate a given term. The head character must first be found and then a separate sort is required for the next character, and so on. Modern Chinese languages and dialects are as polysyllabic as the vast majority of other languages spoken in the world today (De Francis, 1984). In my estimation, there is no reason to go on treating them as variants of classical Chinese, which is an entirely different type of language. Having dabbled in all of them, I believe that the difference between classical Chinese and modern Chinese languages is at least as great as that between Latin and Italian, between classical Greek and modern Greek or between Sanskrit and Hindi. Yet no one confuses Italian with Latin, modern Greek with classical Greek, or Sanskrit with Hindi. As a matter of fact there are even several varieties of pre-modern Chinese just as with Greek (Homeric, Horatian, Demotic, Koine), Sanskrit (Vedic, Prakritic, Buddhist Hybrid), and Latin (Ciceronian, Low, Ecclesiastical, Medieval, New, etc.). If we can agree that there are fundamental structural differences between modern Chinese languages and classical Chinese, perhaps we can see the need for devising appropriately dissimilar dictionaries for their study.

One of the most salient distinctions between classical Chinese and Mandarin is the high degree of polysyllabicity of the latter vis-a-vis the former. There was indeed a certain percentage of truly polysyllabic words in classical Chinese, but these were largely loan- words from foreign languages, onomatopoeic borrowings from the spoken language, and dialectical expressions of restricted currency. Conversely, if one were to compile a list of the 60,000 most commonly used words and expressions in Mandarin, one would discover that more than 92% of these are polysyllabic. Given this configuration, it seems odd, if not perverse, that Chinese lexicographers should continue to insist on ordering their general purpose dictionaries according to the sounds or shapes of the first syllables of words alone.

Even in classical Chinese, the vast majority of lexical items that need to be looked up consist of more than one character. The number of entries in multiple character phrase books (e.g., P'ien-tzu lei-pien [approximately 110,000 entries in 240 chüan], P'ei-wen yün-fu [roughly 560,000 items in 212 chüan]) far exceeds those in the largest single character dictionaries (e.g., Chung-hua ta tzu-tien [48,000 graphs in four volumes], K'ang-hsi tzu-tien [49,030 graphs]). While syntactically and grammatically many of these multisyllabic entries may not be considered as discrete (i.e. bound) units, they still readily lend themselves to the principle of single-sort alphabetical searches. Furthermore, a large proportion of graphs in the exhaustive single character dictionaries were only used once in history or are variants and miswritten forms. Many of them are unpronounceable and the meanings of others are impossible to deter- mine. In short, most of the graphs in such dictionaries are obscure and arcane. Well over two-thirds of the graphs in these comprehensive single character dictionaries would never be encountered in the entire lifetime of even the most assiduous Sinologist (unless, of course, he himself were a lexicographer). This is not to say that large single character dictionaries are unnecessary as a matter of record. It is, rather, only to point out that what bulk they do have is tremendously deceptive in terms of frequency of usage.

Just to give one example, only 622 characters account for 90% of the total running text of Lao She's Rickshaw Boy(Lo-t'o hsiang-tzu) and 1681 graphs account for 99%. Altogether there are a total of 107,360 characters in Rickshaw Boy but only 2,413 different graphs. Compare this with the 660,273 total characters in the four volumes of Mao Tse-tung's Selected Works which are composed of only 2,981 different graphs. The figure is actually not much different for the bulk of classical Chinese writings (Brooks). In 700 of the best-known T'ang poems, a considerable number by a variety of poets, there are no more than 3,856 different graphs (based on Stimson). It is generally acknowledged that a passive command of about 5,500 characters is sufficient for reading the overwhelming majority of literary texts. Five to six thousand distinct graphs are certainly quite enough for anyone to cope with, but they are a far cry from fifty to sixty thousand.

Functional literacy (the ability to read newspapers, letters, signs, and so forth) in today's world requires that an individual command a knowledge of no more than 1,500-2,000 graphs (cf. Ho, p. 33). Not surprisingly, this figure is approximately the same as the amount of jōyō or tōyō kanji(characters approved for common use by the Japanese Ministry of Education). It would appear that the mind of the common man rebels at the memorizaton of larger numbers of graphs. Two or three years out of high school, most Japanese -- including those who go on to college -- can only reproduce about 500-700 graphs. This number goes down in successive years as they increasingly resort to kana or romaji to express themselves. Even the most highly literate Chinese scholars can almost never recognize more than 10,000 characters and the person who can accurately produce as many as 5,000 is exceedingly rare. It is a simple fact that the written vocabulary of modem Chinese texts consists largely of words that can be written down using no more than 3,500 different characters....

[sovereignhumanity]

Nuestro Caminar Hacia el Uno Eterno

Toda filosofía que busca la Verdad y la Objetividad ... que nutre el impulso inexplicable de buscar las realidades del verdadero logro y las recompensas exigentes de la meta de la madurez ... estas ansias e impulsos siguen siendo pasivos, sin dirección e impotentes sin el esfuerzo hacia la visión superior de la intimidad personal directa con la Vida y la postura de adoración y plena reverencia de vuestra personalidad en su comunión personal con la Gran e Infinita Paternidad de toda la Vida.

Vuestra crisis existencial de significado y propósito y seguridad eterna ... todas éstas carecerán de las motivaciones necesarias y del poder de conducción general a menos que alcancéis al Infinito ... y hasta que resolváis por vosotros mismos el hecho del Padre y el Hijo Existenciales.

La civilización está verdaderamente en medio de una búsqueda de Verdad y  Amor. La humanidad sufriente tiene la necesidad de que su relación con Nosotros se vuelva animada por la humildad y vivificada por vuestra pureza de expresión. Y estos esfuerzos solo se rectificarán a medida que vosotros resolváis vuestra relación de personalidad con el Padre Universal que os ha traído de la gran nada de la plenitud de la Vida.

Al vosotros pararos sobre el gran precipicio de la misma meseta sobre la cual habéis estado viviendo y reflexionando ... todos los impulsos para el cumplimiento de la existencia deben incluir Nuestro ideal visionario. La ausencia de cualquier tipo de certeza y la búsqueda de esta direccionalización ... el impulso de resolver esas deficiencias mortales ... todo ha sido abundantemente abastecido por este nuevo evangelio que estoy trayendo adelante hacia vuestra vista.

Nuestro Compromiso con la Eternidad es nuestro caminar juntos hacia el Inexplicable y Eterno Uno ... con su aceleración hacia el entendimiento cósmico, su audaz mejora de las percepciones del alma, su elevación confiable de los ideales y el establecimiento de todos los objetivos de la personalidad hasta la graduación y la compleción de estos grados de aprendizaje.

Cada uno de vosotros estáis destinados ... creados ... inspirados ... para caminar dentro de Mi Administración Universal y Cuidado de la Eternidad.

Con el surgimiento de estos avances eternos ... y con la conquista de las dudas de vuestro corazón ... y al adheriros fielmente al desarrollo de la lealtad con la Verdad ... la aflicción de los recelos nunca se aquietará.

Y así descubriréis conMigo vuestra sincera voluntad de entrar valientemente hacia la aventura eterna de vuestra ciudadanía cósmica.

Michael Of Nebadon

  Original

  Every philosophy which seeks Truth and Objectivity .. which nurtures the unexplainable urge to search for the realities of true attainment and the exacting rewards of the goal of maturity .. these urges and impulses remain passive, directionless, and impotent without striving towards the higher vision of directly personal intimacy with Life and the adorational worshipful stance of thine personality in its personhood communion with the Great Infinity Parenthood of all Life.

Thine existential crisis of meaning and purpose and everlasting security .. these all shall lack the necessary motivations and the overarching driving power unless you reach for Infinity .. and until you resolve for yourself the fact of the Existential Father Son and Spirit.

The civilization is truly in the midst of a quest for Truth and Love .. suffering humanity hath a necessity for their relationship with Us to become emboldened by humility and enlivened by its purity of expression. And these strivings shall only become rectified as you resolve your personality relationship with the Universal Father who hath brought thee forth from out of the great nothingness of Life's fullness.

As you stand upon the great precipice of the very plateau upon which you have been living and pondering .. all impulses for the fulfillment of existence must include Our visionary ideal. The absence of any kind of certainty and the search for this directionization .. the urge to resolve those mortal deficiencies .. all hath been abundantly supplied by this new gospel which I am bringing forth into your view.

Our Eternity Engagement is our walk together into the Unexplainable and Everlasting One .. with its acceleration into cosmic understanding, its bold enhancement of soul insights, its dependable elevation of ideals, and its settledness of all personality goals into the graduation and completion of these grades of learning.

You are each destined .. created .. inspired .. to walk within My Universal Administration and Eternity Care.

With arising into these eternalizing advancements .. and with conquering your plaguing heart's doubts .. and by adhering faithfully to developing loyalty with Truth .. the woe of misgivings shall never subside.

And so shall ye discover with Me thine wholehearted willingness to enter courageously upon the eternal venture of your cosmic citizenship.

Michael Of Nebadon

[holycityoflove]

En verdad Yo os instruyo ahora en la forma de vivir ...

 Todo el poder es nada. Ello no tiene la Vida creadora de Dios a menos que sea el poder del amor.

 El poder de las actividades mentales mundanas es efecto ... es un manifiesto de la Causa de la nada.

 El poder ... al que muchos buscan y persiguen ... es el resultado de la fuerza; no es más que nada en sí mismo. No tiene Inteligencia ni produce satisfacción.

 El poder es nada porque es ilusorio y está vacío ... y mientras la Causa es la Fuerza Una de la Vida que posee todas las posibilidades en Ella ... el poder es ilusorio e ilegítimo. Está sujeto a cambios continuos ... y transición.

 De nuevo Yo os muestro en Mi Palabra ... y sus palabras ... el poder es nada y es mutable de acuerdo con los cambios en los éteres del pensamiento.

 La Fuerza Una de la Vida en Sí es Causa y no cambia ... es estable y confiable ... cierta y segura ... simple y significativa ... mientras que toda ilusión está sujeta a continuos cambios que luego son poco confiables e indignos de ser aprendidos por vosotros.

 La Fuerza Una de la Vida del Padre es la voluntad de Dios mismo ... es su omnipotencia y omnipresencia manifiesta y visible por la misericordia y el amor.

 La fuerza es la voluntad del Padre Celestial. Su omnipotencia tiene dominio y control sobre todas las manifestaciones. Todo lo que es efecto es derivativo proveniente de la Causa de la Fuerza ... y esta Fuerza Una es la Vida Misma.

 El poder de los elementos ... y el poder de importancia en el mundo con sus influencias ... tiene su dependencia sobre la Fuerza de la Vida Una.

 El poder de los elementos y la posición mundial no tienen dominio a menos que le deis vuestra gloria. Sin embargo todo poder es esa manifestación de voluntad ... está dirigido y sostenido por el Aliento de la Vida.

 El poder de los elementos está en el aire ... el agua ... la tierra ... el fuego. Está en los vientos y el poder está en las olas ... incluso en el golpe del rayo está el poder. Sin embargo, está dirigido por la Fuerza de la Vida.

 El movimiento de los brazos y las piernas humanos y la respiración ... ay ... incluso el poder del párpado y su ojo ... estos son manifiestos de la nada ... la Fuerza Una de la Vida que tiene dominio y omnipotencia sobre todas las cosas manifiestas.

 Una vez más Yo acaricio vuestras elecciones con comprensión compasiva ... elegid vosotros con virtud y rectitud donde quiera que pongáis vuestra lealtad y alianza.

 La sustancia de los éteres vibra a través de vuestro pensamiento ... los éteres hacen que estos mismos poderes sean manifiestos.

 El pensamiento del ángel y del elohim y de la humanidad y de todas las demás órdenes de la creación ... dirigen la Fuerza de la Vida Una para hacer su voluntad en la creación del tiempo y el espacio ... y en el mundo de las manifestaciones.

 Sin embargo ... cuando el pensamiento y el éter han cumplido sus órdenes ... todas las manifestaciones deben tarde o temprano regresar a la nada de la Causa y la Vida.

 Como burbujas en la espuma del océano surgiendo junto a sus olas desde el cuerpo de las aguas ... así surgirá el manifiesto y se mostrará a sí mismo para su gloria y expresión momentáneas, sin embargo volverá a caer de nuevo hacia su Causa en el tiempo.

 Levantáos a la Verdad Absoluta y descubrid vuestra estabilidad en la Buena causa del Padre ... aseguraos vosotros de su seguridad en la permanencia y la piedad ... en absoluta pureza y propósito.

 El Reino de los Cielos es esta gran estabilidad de significado en la que hallaréis y descubriréis y llevaréis adelante vuestra legítima Identidad e Integridad con la Fuerza de la Vida Una … en la conciencia y la constancia del Eterno Uno que tiene benevolencia incalculable y gloria Inefable.

 Michael Of Nebadon

  Original

  Verily do I instruct thee now in the way of living...

 All power is naught. It hath not the creative Life of God unless it is the power of love.

 Power of the worldly minded activities is effect .. it is a manifest of the Cause of the aught.

 Power .. which many do seek and strive after .. is the result of force; it is but naught in itself. It hath no Intelligence nor does it bring forth satisfaction.

 Power is naught in that it is illusory and empty .. and while Cause is the One Force of Life which holds all possibilities in It .. power is illusory and illegitimate. It is subject to continuous change .. and changeover.

 Again do I show thee in My Word .. and its words .. power is naught and is changeable according to changes in the thought ethers.

 The One Force of Life Itself is Cause and changes not .. is stable and secure .. certain and safe .. simple and significant .. while all illusion is subject to continuous changes which are then unreliable and unworthy to be learned upon by you.

 The One Force of Father Life is the will of God himself .. it is his omnipotence and omnipresence made manifest and visible by mercy and love.

 Force is the will of the Heavenly Father. Its omnipotence hath dominion and control over all manifestations. All that is effect is derivative coming from Cause of Force .. and this One Force if Life Itself.

 Power of the elements .. and power of stature in the world with its influences .. hath its dependency upon the One Life Force.

 Power of elements and world position hath not dominion unless ye give it your glory. Yet all power is that manifestly of will .. it is directed and sustained by Breath of Life.

 Power of the elements is in the air .. the water .. the earth .. the fire. It is in the winds and power is in the waves .. even in the stroke of the lightning is power. Yet, it is directed by Force of Life.

 The movement of human arms and legs and breathing .. ay.. even power of the eyelid and its eye .. these are manifests of the aught .. the One Force of Life which hath dominion and omnipotence over all things manifest.

 Once again do I caress thine choices with understanding compassion .. choose ye with righteousness and rectitude wheresoever ye shall place thine loyalties and allegiance.

 The substance of the ethers do vibrate through thine thought .. the ethers cause these very manifest powers to be.

 The thought of angel and elohim and humankind and all other orders of creation .. direct the One Life Force to do its bidding in time and space creation .. and in the world of manifestations.

 Yet .. when thought and ether hath done its bidding .. all manifestations must sooner or later return to the aught of Cause and Life.

 Like unto bubbles in the ocean spray arising alongside their waves from the body of the waters .. so shall the manifest arise and showeth itself for its momentary glory and expression, yet it shall fall back into its Cause in time.

 Arise unto Truth Absolute and discover thine stabilization in the Goodly cause of Father .. secure for thyselves his security in permanence and piousness .. in purity and purpose absolutely.

 The Kingdom of Heaven is this great stability of significance wherein ye shall find and discover and bringeth forth thine rightful Identity and Integrity with the Force of the One Life .. in the consciousness and constancy of the Everlasting One who hath benevolence untold and glory Ineffable.

 Michael Of Nebadon

[reservoir-s-blog]

The Advantages Of A Piece At Home Opportunity Over Your Workplace Job

For a beginner entering the "make cash online" scene, pay per click will not be the range of traffic. Simply because if you don't know pay per click you might see your earnings dwindling and the dreams in addition to hopes of producing money on-line going down together with your savings. Many people would say to a beginner to start a new blog for making money on the web and then try out some search engine optimization to in order to that web page. And that would not be a poor suggestion.

And therein is the problem plus the biggest que tiene of email templates. Notice, because they must be generic, unless you're going to custom made design a new followup series (in which case it really is no longer a new template) anyone using the theme has to change it a bit to fit their unique product or service. For somebody who has simply no writing expertise or has not written an email before, this may present a problem. Leaving the template generic will probably result in couple of sales, in case any whatsoever.

This week Items start with Teamwork. This doesn't show that you're limited to discussing your experiences on the JV Hockey team, but alternatively any occasion once you had to get the help of others to complete a task. Work with a volunteer group? A category project in college? A new marketing demonstration at work? Actually working with your family to coordinate preparing getaway meals qualifies as group skills.

Simply put internet affiliate marketing is marketing. Companies may want to hire a whole department for advertising. They might have to pay thousands of dollars or more regarding payroll, insurance coverage, unemployment money and so on. So instead these people set up accounts with trusted affiliate programs.

Essentially, these kinds of "spiders" provide relevant google search by analyzing the text and image content material of every site they encounter (at scorching speed) with regard to keywords which are relevant to that will sites explained purpose or content. The algorithm furthermore ranks a web site for its meaning to other web sites, some related, some not necessarily, on the Internet. This specific relevance is determined by the meaning of the site linking to your website, as well as your website's relevance towards the outside internet site, as well as the sheer number of back-links from outside sites to your internet site. Essentially, quality is more important than quantity concerning these back-links, yet both are appealing if possible. Puzzling? Don't worry; we're just dealing with "on-page" seo aspects in this article.

In these notifications, you'll have fine, interesting, related information, and links that point back to your web site. Clicks upon these links will increase your own traffic.

The selection just for this simulator item comes in a couple of kinds. You have the simulator kind and the a single with an AC3d component. Take notice that your selection of you purchase will de depend on your operating system. Select the one that is compatible together with your computer. An individual surely will like this kind of gadget.

[esmuniz]

La Adopción de un criminal Compliance

Karín Fernández

Socia

kfernandez@munizlaw.com 

A partir el 1 de julio de 2017 entrará en vigencia la Ley N° 30424, Ley sobre Responsabilidad administrativa de las personas jurídicas en el delito de cohecho transnacional, la cual plantea por primera vez el deber de las empresas de implementar un programa de cumplimiento normativo que asegure el acatamiento de las normas penales, por ahora, por el delito de soborno internacional. 

El objetivo de este programa de cumplimiento penal o modelo de prevención parece ser el de reducir los riesgos de carácter penal que una empresa puede generar por su propia actividad industrial, pero se espera que “formar una cultura de cumplimiento de las normas”, debe de ser su mayor logro. 

¿Qué ventaja le puede traer a una empresa implementar un programa de cumplimiento o modelo de prevención? De la lectura de la Ley, no advertimos ninguna, salvo el caso en el que la empresa se encuentre inmerso en la comisión del delito de cohecho internacional, y si llega a adoptar e implementar un modelo de prevención, conforme lo señala el literal “e” del artículo 12 de la Ley, les servirá de atenuante. Consideramos que esto debe cambiar. 

Sin duda la tarea de implementar un programa de cumplimiento o modelo de prevención es desafiante por 2 puntos: el primero porque se trata de implementar una política anti soborno como las que planteará el ISO 37001, herramienta flexible dirigida a las empresas, públicas o privadas, grandes o pequeñas, con un claro objetivo de evitar los actos de corrupción y también, detectarlos en caso se hayan cometido. El objetivo del ISO 37001 es que sus medidas sean de aplicación uniforme sin importar el país donde se encuentre la empresa. El segundo reto consiste en que dicha política anti soborno debe ser de estricto cumplimiento, no solo entre los trabajadores (clase subordinada), sino principalmente desde la cabeza, entre los altos directivos e inversionistas, incluso está orientada a sus clientes. Implementar una política anti soborno en una empresa, hoy en día representa una ventaja competitiva, pues representa tener buena reputación corporativa. 

La tendencia mundial va por responsabilizar penalmente a la persona jurídica, pero en Latinoamérica, país como Brasil, recién se viene proyectando este tema, pero la figura no tiene una postura firme. Si bien les queda claro que sí pueden tener responsabilidades penales, ellas van de la mano con una serie de limitaciones, como por ejemplo que el delito se cometa en interés o beneficio de la entidad. En Chile, desde el año 2009 se prevé este tipo de responsabilidades penales, pero, tal como sucede en el Perú, solo se hizo para cumplir un compromiso internacional asumido con el OCDE, y así ser uno de sus miembros. 

Finalmente, es preciso informar que el ejecutivo pretende modificar la Ley ampliando la responsabilidad de la persona jurídica a una serie de nuevos delitos como son: lavado de activo y financiamiento al terrorismo (por exigencias del GAFI), peculado (apropiarse de bienes del Estado), colusión (esta figura afecta a las empresas que contratan con el Estado), cohecho activo genérico (pagar indebidamente a un funcionario público para que cumpla o deje de cumplir sus funciones) cohecho activo específico (pagar indebidamente a un juez, fiscal, etc., para influir en su decisión en un asunto sometido a su competencia) y finalmente el delito de tráfico de influencias (se invoca tener influencias ante alguna autoridad que, a cambio de algún pago indebido, pueda favorecerlo).

ADOPTING A CRIMINAL COMPLIANCE PROGRAM

Karín Fernández

Partner

kfernandez@munizlaw.com

Law N° 30424, Law on the Administrative Liability of Legal Entities in Multinational Bribery Cases, will go into effect on July 1, 2017. For the first time in Peru, a law will require companies to implement a compliance program to guarantee the fulfillment of criminal law in multinational bribery cases. 

This criminal compliance program or prevention model is apparently aimed at reducing the criminal risks that a company could trigger through its own industrial activities, although to “create a culture of compliance” being its ultimate purpose. 

What advantage can a company draw if it implements a compliance program or prevention model? If we read Law N° 30424, we cannot infer any advantage, unless a company is engaged in an international bribery case. In such event, if it adopts and implements a prevention model, as provided for in item e) of Article 12 of the Law, it will serve as a mitigating circumstance. We believe that this should change. 

There’s no doubt that the task of implementing a compliance program or prevention model is quite a challenge for two reasons: in the first place, because the idea is to implement an anti-bribery policy like those proposed in ISO 37001, a flexible tool designed for companies, both public and private, big and small, with a clear purpose in mind: avoid corruption and also detect corruption if an act of corruption has already taken place. The purpose of standard ISO 37001 is to have its guidelines applied uniformly, regardless of the country where the company is located. The second challenge consists of having the antibribery policy thoroughly fulfilled, not only by employees (subordinates), but also by high-ranking officials and investors, even by customers. Companies implementing an anti-bribery policy enjoy a competitive advantage because it gives companies a good corporate reputation. 

The world’s trend is to hold legal entities criminally liable. However, in Latin America, countries like Brazil are still taking the first steps in this direction, although no firm stand still exists in this regard. Although they clearly understand that they can be held criminally liable, said criminal liability goes hand-in-hand with several limitations like, for instance, whether or not the crime was committed to benefit the company. In Chile, since 2009, this type of criminal liability already exists but, as in the case of Peru, it was only incorporated to its legal system to comply with an international commitment undertaken with OECD and thus become a member country. 

Finally, it is worth pointing out that the Executive intends to modify the Law, expanding the scope of the liability of legal entities to include a series of new crimes like money laundering and terrorist financing (as required by GAFI), embezzlement (misappropriation of State assets), collusion (this figure affects companies entering into contracts with the State), generic active bribery (bribing a public officer to make him/her perform or refrain from performing a given act), specific active bribery (bribing a judge, prosecutor, etc. to influence his/her decision in a matter falling within his/her sphere of competence), and, finally, trading in influence (influencing an authority who, in exchange for an undue payment, grants a benefit).