#transmitter boost antenna

[sw5w]

Was'n They Doing?

STAR WARS EPISODE I: The Phantom Menace 02:03:40

[infotrendz]

Antennas, the unsung hero's, often gets overshadowed. However, seasoned operators know that a good antenna is the key to utilize full potential of your Radio receiver and transmitter. LEARN MORE....

[swldx]

BBC 0517 13 Nov 2024

9410Khz 0458 13 NOV 2024 - BBC (UNITED KINGDOM) in ENGLISH from ASCENSION ISLAND. SINPO = 45333. English, s/on @0458z with Bowbells int. fb ID, pips and Newsday preview. @0501z World News anchored by David Harper. § The Biden administration said Tuesday that Israel has made some good but limited progress in increasing the flow of humanitarian aid to Gaza and will not limit arms transfers to Israel as it had threatened to a month ago if the situation had not improved. Relief groups say conditions are worse than at any point in the 13-month-old war. The main UN aid agency in Gaza says Israel has failed to meet a US deadline to boost aid to the territory or risk a reduction in American military aid. Louise Wateridge, Senior Emergency Coordinator there for the UN agency for Palestinian refugees (Unrwa), bluntly said “People are starving in some areas. People are very hungry. They are fighting over bags of flour. There are just not enough supplies.” § UN peacekeepers on Tuesday warned the Israeli military has committed “severe violations” of a 1974 ceasefire deal with Syria as it carries out a substantial construction project along the Alpha Line, which separates the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights from Syrian territory. § Elon Musk has been made head of a new "Department of Government Efficiency" by Donald Trump, the latest appointment to his emerging new team. Trump has also picked Pete Hegseth, a Fox News host and Army veteran, to be defence secretary, and John Ratcliffe as his director of national intelligence. § The United States confirmed Tuesday that North Korean troops, who have been deployed to Russia's western front-line Kursk region, have begun engaging in combat operations against Ukrainian forces. § This year's U.N. climate summit, COP29, is being held during yet another record-breaking year of higher global temperatures, adding pressure to negotiations aimed at curbing climate change. The world may already have hit 1.5 degree Celsius (2.7 F) of warming above the average pre-industrial temperature, a critical threshold beyond which it is at risk of irreversible and extreme climate change. Scientists say that evidence shows global warming and its impacts are unfolding faster than expected. § At least 35 people have been killed in a car attack in southern China, believed to be the deadliest known act of public violence in the country in decades. Police say a man crashed his car into a stadium in Zhuhai on Monday where he ran down groups of people exercising on the sports track. § The mystery as to why a beluga whale appeared off the coast of Norway wearing a harness may finally have been solved. The tame white whale, which locals named Hvaldimir, made headlines five years ago amidst widespread speculation that it was a Russian spy. Now an expert in the species says she believes the whale did indeed belong to the military and escaped from a naval base in the Arctic Circle. But Dr Olga Shpak does not believe it was a spy. She believes the beluga was being trained to guard the base and fled because it was a "hooligan". @0506z “Newsday” begins. 100' (30m) of Kev-Flex wire feeding "Magic Wand" antenna hanging in backyard tree w/MFJ-1020C active antenna (used as a preamplifier/preselector), JRC NRD-535D, 125kW, beamAz 27°, bearing 103°. Received at Plymouth, MN, United States, 9763KM from transmitter at Ascension Island. Local time: 2258.

[metrovanteena]

A complete guide for basic Antenna Repairs

Have you ever experienced your favorite movie being cropped or the images pixelated while watching TV? The culprit could be interference with your TV signal, caused by objects like mountains, tall buildings, trees, or even bad weather. Fear not! This comprehensive guide on basic antenna repairs will help you get back to enjoying seamless entertainment. If your DIY attempts fall short, remember you can always reach out to Metro TV Antenna for Antenna Repairs in Melbourne.

Identifying and Fixing the Antenna Problems

Before you fix your antenna, know what’s causing the trouble. Poor signal quality means pixelation on your TV or disruptions in audio. Complete signal loss is when there’s no signal on your TV or radio, with sudden interruptions during your favorite programs.

To check what’s wrong, use signal strength meters. They help you see how strong your signal is. Also, look at your TV antenna for problems like bent parts or rust on connectors. These checks can tell you if your antenna needs fixing.

DIY Antenna Repairs and Essential Tools

For those who like doing things themselves, there are simple fixes you can try at home. Fix loose connections, move your antenna to a better spot, and repair damaged parts.

When fixing, having the right tools is important. You need a coaxial cable cutter to cut cables neatly and a signal strength meter to measure well. Safety gear, like gloves, is important, especially for outdoor TV antenna. If you need to climb, a strong ladder is useful.

Check Cable Connections: Ensure that the cables connecting to the transmitter housing are correctly installed and not loose.

Optimize TV Signal: Set your TV to the most frequently used channel to check the signal quality. Conduct an automatic or manual scan of TV channels to ensure your antenna is picking up signals effectively.

Replace Damaged RF Cable: If the RF cable connecting the antenna to the TV is damaged, replace it to prevent interference with smooth transmission.

Adjust Antenna Position: Experiment with the position of the antenna until you find the one that provides the best image quality.

Increase Antenna Height: If image quality remains unsatisfactory, elevate the antenna at least a hundred meters higher to reduce interference and strengthen signal reception.

Use Signal Amplifiers: Install signal amplifiers to boost the signal strength from the antenna to the converter, reducing interference and ensuring clear reception. Confirm that signal repeaters are powered on.

Optimize Indoor Antenna Placement: When using an indoor antenna, reposition it near a window to reduce obstacles and enhance signal strength. Keep it away from computers to avoid signal interference.

When to seek professional help

Knowing when to seek professional help for antenna-related issues is crucial for a hassle-free solution. Consider reaching out to experts like Metro TV Antenna in the following situations:

Persistent Problems: If you’ve tried DIY fixes, but the issues persist, it’s a clear sign to call in the professionals. They have the knowledge and tools to address complex antenna problems effectively.

Complete Signal Loss: If your TV or radio has no signal at all, and sudden interruptions are a recurring problem, it’s time to seek expert assistance. Professionals can identify and fix the root cause promptly.

Technical Expertise Needed: Antenna systems can be intricate. If you lack the technical know-how to diagnose and solve issues like poor signal quality, it’s wise to enlist the help of professionals who specialize in antenna TV repair.

Safety Concerns: Climbing onto roofs or using specialized tools can pose safety risks. If you’re uncomfortable or lack the necessary safety equipment, it’s safer to leave the job to trained professionals who can handle it safely.

Efficiency and Time Savings: Professionals have the experience to quickly pinpoint and fix antenna problems. If you value your time and want a speedy resolution, calling in experts is the most efficient way to get your TV back on track.

By recognizing these scenarios, you can make an informed decision to seek professional help, ensuring a reliable and lasting solution to your antenna issues. Metro TV Antenna, with its expertise and commitment to customer satisfaction, is a trusted choice for professional TV antenna repairs.

Why Choose Metro TV Antenna

Metro TV Antenna is the best choice for fixing antennas because we have a team of experts who know a lot about antennas. We make sure our prices are fair and won’t break your wallet, especially in Melbourne and all over Australia. It’s easy to book with us – just call 0421 094 024, and we’ll make sure you can watch your favourite shows without any problems. We’re really good at quickly figuring out and fixing television antenna repair issues.

We have all the tools we need, like cable cutters and signal meters, to do a great job. Safety is super important to us, so we always wear the right gear to keep you and us safe. People like us because we’ve fixed lots of antennas and are known for doing a good job. Choose Metro TV Antenna, and you won’t have to worry about your TV – it’ll work perfectly, and you can enjoy watching your shows without any issues!

Conclusion

Don’t let TV signal issues dampen your entertainment experience. Follow these simple steps for TV antenna repair, and if needed, trust the experts at Metro TV Antenna to keep your signals clear and your favorite shows uninterrupted.

[nextlaw]

Officer Radar and Speed capture for Stunt Driving charges in Ontario

Radar capture by officers for Stunt Driving charges in Ontario is tried, tested and true.  Radars have been used for decades.  They have evolved and are generally considered a bulletproof form of evidence in Ontario.  In fact, radar can catch you speeding even if the officer's car is travelling in the opposite direction.  Let's investigate the radar technology.

What Exactly is Police Radar?

Police radar is a technology that sends out radio waves to detect the speed of vehicles. When a car is speeding, the radar system sends a beam of radio waves, which hit the car and bounce back. The time it takes for these waves to return is how officers calculate the speed of a vehicle.

How Do Police Radars Work in relation to capturing speeds for Stunt Driving?

At its core, a radar measures how long it takes for a radio wave to travel to a car and back again to the radar device. It's a game of 'ping-pong' with radio waves, where the "ping" is the wave going out, and the "pong" is the wave bouncing back. Using the formula 'Distance / Time = Speed,' officers can quickly determine how fast the car is going. The Speed of Light and Police Radar A fascinating fact about radar is that it operates at the speed of light. This means that the radar beam zips through the air incredibly fast, allowing for almost instant speed readings. A radar transmitter sends out waves that oscillate at a specific rate, creating electromagnetic energy. This energy travels as waves, and an amplifier boosts these waves before an antenna sends them out into the world. Capturing Stunt Driving Speeds with Radar: A Detailed Look When these radio waves hit a moving car, they bounce back to the radar. This bounced-back signal is captured by the radar's receiver, which then translates it into data the police can use. If a car is in the way of these waves, it reflects some of this energy back to the radar. This is how the radar knows something is there, and more importantly, how fast it's moving.

Stunt Driving and Radar Speed Capture: What Drivers Should Know

If you've been caught for stunt driving, it's likely a radar played a part in your speed capture. These devices are precise and are a trusted tool in law enforcement. Understanding how radar works can demystify part of the process and inform drivers about the technology used in their speed detection. This knowledge not only helps in appreciating the accuracy of speed enforcement but can also be a cornerstone in legal defence strategies. Whether you're a driver wanting to learn more or in need of legal assistance for stunt driving charges, grasping the basics of police radar is essential. https://youtu.be/sxYQ4IufmFo Read the full article

[credenceresearchdotblog]

The Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Market is poised for substantial growth, with the market size expected to reach USD 10,895 million in 2024 and projected to expand to USD 23,524.79 million by 2032, reflecting a robust CAGR of 10.1% during the forecast period. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is a wireless technology that enhances data transmission efficiency and speed by utilizing multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver ends. This technique, which allows the simultaneous transmission and reception of multiple data signals over the same radio channel, significantly improves network capacity and reliability. MIMO technology has become a cornerstone in modern wireless communication systems, especially in applications such as 4G LTE, Wi-Fi, and 5G networks.

Browse the full report at https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/multiple-input-multiple-output-mimo-market

Market Dynamics

The MIMO market has experienced substantial growth over the past few years, primarily driven by the increasing demand for faster and more reliable wireless communication systems. The rapid adoption of smartphones, tablets, and other connected devices has led to a surge in data traffic, necessitating improved wireless infrastructure. As a result, MIMO technology has become essential for mobile operators and equipment manufacturers to enhance data throughput and provide seamless connectivity.

The rollout of 5G networks has also played a pivotal role in the expansion of the MIMO market. 5G networks rely heavily on MIMO technology, particularly massive MIMO, which employs hundreds or even thousands of antennas to deliver high-speed, low-latency communication. The ability of MIMO to improve spectrum efficiency and support more users in dense urban areas has made it a key enabler of 5G technology.

Key Market Drivers

1. Rising Demand for High-Speed Wireless Connectivity: With the growing reliance on digital services, there is a surging demand for faster and more reliable internet connections. MIMO technology helps meet this demand by enabling higher data transfer rates, making it a crucial component in wireless networks.

2. Proliferation of Smart Devices and IoT: The increasing number of connected devices, including smartphones, smart home devices, and IoT sensors, has led to a significant rise in data traffic. MIMO technology supports higher capacity and better performance in congested networks, ensuring smooth communication for all devices.

3. Adoption of 5G Networks: The deployment of 5G networks is one of the most significant drivers of the MIMO market. 5G relies heavily on MIMO, especially massive MIMO, to provide enhanced coverage, increased capacity, and ultra-low latency. As more countries and telecom operators roll out 5G infrastructure, the demand for MIMO-enabled equipment continues to grow.

4. Advancements in Wi-Fi Technology: MIMO is also a critical component in modern Wi-Fi standards, such as Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) and the upcoming Wi-Fi 7. These standards utilize MIMO to improve data transfer speeds, reduce latency, and increase the number of devices that can be connected simultaneously. The growing adoption of these Wi-Fi technologies is expected to boost the demand for MIMO solutions.

Challenges and Restraints

Despite its advantages, the MIMO market faces several challenges. One of the primary concerns is the complexity of MIMO systems. Implementing multiple antennas and managing interference between signals can be technically challenging, leading to increased costs for network operators. Additionally, the integration of MIMO technology into existing networks can require significant investment in hardware and software upgrades.

Another challenge is the regulatory environment. In some regions, spectrum allocation and licensing issues can hinder the deployment of MIMO technology, particularly in the context of 5G networks.

Future Outlook

The future of the MIMO market looks promising, driven by the continued expansion of 5G networks, the evolution of Wi-Fi standards, and the growing demand for high-speed wireless connectivity. Massive MIMO, in particular, is expected to play a crucial role in shaping the next generation of wireless communication systems, enabling faster, more reliable, and more efficient networks.

Moreover, as industries such as automotive, healthcare, and smart cities increasingly rely on connected devices and IoT solutions, the demand for MIMO technology will only grow. The integration of MIMO into emerging technologies such as autonomous vehicles and smart infrastructure will create new opportunities for market expansion.

Key Player Analysis:

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

Ericsson

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Nokia Corporation

ZTE Corporation

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

Intel Corporation

Cisco Systems, Inc.

Broadcom Inc.

NEC Corporation

Segmentations:

By Technology:

LTE

5G

By Type:

Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO)

Multiple Input Single Output (MISO)

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

By Application:

Wi-Fi Hotspots

Smart Home Devices

Mobile Broadband Connections

Fixed Wireless Access

Smartphones

Others (laptops, tablets)

By Antenna Type:

Single User MIMO

Multi-User MIMO

Massive MIMO

Others (Sierra Wireless MG90)

By End User:

Telecom Operators

Automotive

Government

Healthcare

Others (Industrial, Enterprise, etc.)

By Region

North America

The U.S

Canada

Mexico

Europe

Germany

France

The U.K.

Italy

Spain

Rest of Europe

Asia Pacific

China

Japan

India

South Korea

South-east Asia

Rest of Asia Pacific

Latin America

Brazil

Argentina

Rest of Latin America

Middle East & Africa

GCC Countries

South Africa

Rest of Middle East and Africa

Browse the full report at https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/multiple-input-multiple-output-mimo-market

About Us:

Credence Research is committed to employee well-being and productivity. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, we have implemented a permanent work-from-home policy for all employees.

Contact:

Credence Research

Please contact us at +91 6232 49 3207

Email: sales@credenceresearch.com

Website: www.credenceresearch.com

[smartdatatv]

TV Antenna Installation Toowoomba: Get Crisp, Clear Reception in Every Room

Sarah had always enjoyed unwinding with her favorite TV shows after a long day at work. But lately, she had been frustrated with fuzzy signals and frequent interruptions. She tried repositioning her TV antenna several times to no avail. That’s when she decided it was time to call in the professionals for a TV antenna installation Toowoomba service. What started as a simple call ended up solving not only her reception problems but also improving her overall viewing experience.

If you’re in a situation like Sarah’s, or if you want to avoid any interruptions during a must-see event, here’s why professional antenna installation in Toowoomba can make all the difference.

Why You Should Consider Professional TV Antenna Installation

While setting up a TV antenna might seem like a DIY project, there are many factors that go into achieving the perfect reception. The elevation, angle, and type of antenna you use can drastically affect the quality of your signal. Moreover, Toowoomba is a region with varying terrain, which means that placement of your antenna is crucial. The higher altitude in some areas offers an advantage for receiving signals, but homes nestled in lower, more obstructed locations can struggle to maintain stable reception.

Professional installers know how to analyze these conditions to find the optimal spot for your antenna. They use specialized equipment to measure signal strength and can adjust the placement or recommend the right type of antenna for Toowoomba’s unique geographic features. This guarantees better signal quality and reduces the likelihood of interference, giving you a smooth viewing experience.

The Technical Advantage: What Makes Professional Installation Better?

Installing an antenna involves more than just securing it to your roof. Understanding the right type of antenna and its placement requires technical knowledge. There are several types of antennas available—directional antennas, multi-directional antennas, and amplified antennas—each suited for specific needs and distances from TV transmission towers.

Directional antennas focus on signals from one direction and are ideal for homes near a TV transmitter.

Multi-directional antennas capture signals from various angles, making them perfect for regions with multiple towers.

Amplified antennas are designed to boost signal strength in areas far from broadcast towers or with heavy interference.

A professional TV antenna installation Toowoomba service ensures that your antenna is matched to your location, signal needs, and future-proofed for changing signal conditions.

Solving Common Reception Issues in Toowoomba

Toowoomba’s landscape can present a number of reception challenges, particularly in areas surrounded by mountains or dense buildings. In fact, poor TV reception affects around 10% of households in Australia due to geography and distance from transmission towers . Thankfully, professional antenna installation services in Toowoomba can resolve these issues by using the right equipment and precise installation methods.

In Sarah’s case, her home was in a lower-lying part of Toowoomba. The professional technician installed an amplified antenna with a mast to elevate it above potential obstructions, which dramatically improved her signal quality. Not only did she get crystal-clear reception, but she also found channels she hadn’t been able to pick up before!

If you’re experiencing pixelated images, lagging audio, or intermittent service, it’s time to invest in professional antenna repair or TV antenna installation Toowoomba. These services ensure your TV receives the strongest, most stable signal possible, regardless of where you live.

Ongoing Maintenance: Don’t Forget Antenna Repair Services

Once your TV antenna is installed, it’s not a “set and forget” solution. Over time, weather elements, particularly Toowoomba’s unpredictable wind and rain, can impact the alignment of your antenna, leading to deteriorating reception. Regular inspections and antenna repair Toowoomba ensure that your setup stays in peak condition for years to come.

Professional installers will often provide antenna repair services, including cleaning the antenna, replacing faulty cables, or readjusting the position for optimal performance. It’s also worth noting that many professional installation companies offer warranties or service plans, so you’ll be covered in case of any future issues.

The Cost of TV Antenna Installation vs. Long-Term Savings

One of the biggest misconceptions about professional antenna installation Toowoomba service is that it’s expensive. However, what many people don’t consider is the long-term savings. Professional installation reduces the need for frequent signal adjustments or the costs of replacing poorly-installed equipment. Furthermore, once your TV antenna is up and running, you won’t need to worry about monthly subscriptions like cable or satellite services. With access to free-to-air channels, your initial investment in an antenna can save you hundreds of dollars a year.

Final Thoughts: Elevate Your Viewing Experience

Whether you’re dealing with poor reception or you simply want to upgrade your viewing experience, professional TV antenna installation Toowoomba service can transform your TV time. From choosing the right type of antenna to ensuring proper placement, the benefits are clear: reliable signal, uninterrupted viewing, and access to all the channels you love. Don’t let frustrating reception issues hold you back—get professional help and enjoy clear, crisp reception from the comfort of your living room.

If you’re experiencing TV signal issues or need a new installation, consider contacting an antenna service in Toowoomba for a quick and efficient fix that will keep you tuned into all your favorite shows.

[priyablog26]

Surveillance Radar Market May See a Big Move 2024-2030

Surveillance Radar Market May See a Big Move 2024-2030

Global Surveillance Radar Market, Surveillance Radar Market Demand, Surveillance Radar Market Trends, Surveillance Radar Market Analysis, Surveillance Radar Market Growth, Surveillance Radar Market Share, Surveillance Radar Market Forecast, Surveillance Radar Market Challenges, Surveillance Radar Market Opportunity

At Intellect Markets, published a new research publication on "Surveillance Radar Market Insights, to 2030" with 232 pages and enriched with self-explained Tables and charts in presentable format. In the Study you will find new evolving Trends, Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities generated by targeting Market associated stakeholders. The growth of the Surveillance Radar Market was mainly driven by the increasing R&D spending across the world.

Get Free Exclusive PDF Sample Copy of This Research @  https://intellectmarkets.com/report/Surveillance Radar-market/request-sample

Some of the key players profiled in the study are: Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin, Israel Aerospace Industries, Raytheon, Thales Group, SAAB AB, Finmeccanica SPA, BAE Systems, Telephonics, CASIC, Harris. 

Scope of the Report of Surveillance Radar Market: Surveillance Radar Market employs a robust research methodology, encompassing past, present, and future analyses. The market estimates presented in the report are the result of a meticulous research process that integrates various channels, including primary research, secondary research, and insights from subject-related experts. The primary research involves direct interactions with key industry players, stakeholders, and experts to gather firsthand information about market trends, challenges, and opportunities. Secondary research entails the collection and analysis of existing data and information from reliable sources such as industry reports, government publications, and reputable databases. The market estimates are intricately calculated by considering the impact of current market dynamics, economic conditions, social factors, and political influences on the Airborne System Surveillance Radar Market.

Market Trends: The Surveillance Radar industry's growth of over a period can be attributed to military Défense and Development, air traffic control enhancement, maritime surveillance Advancements, weather monitoring and forecasting and early warning system. Surveillance Radars market is likely to bring about further innovations and improvements.

Opportunities: The term "Surveillance Radars market” appears that investments in airport surveillance infrastructure, driven by concerns such as drone intrusion, along with the need for border security and Défense against missile threats, are key factors contributing to the growth of the surveillance radar market.

The involvement of government and airport operators in enhancing radar technology for improved operating range and detection capabilities is noteworthy. The increased focus on research and development (R&D) in surveillance radars and the geopolitical tensions are expected to further boost market leaders.

Market Drivers: Military Application, Civil Application Growing need for Surveillance Radar Market. Manned Aircraft Mounted Surveillance Radar and Unmanned Aircraft Mounted Surveillance Radar

Have Any Questions Regarding Global Surveillance Radar Market Report, Ask Our Experts@ https://intellectmarkets.com/report/Surveillance Radar-market/ask-an-expert

The Titled Segments and Sub-Section of The Market Are Illuminated Below: The Report Covers Global Surveillance Radars Market Forecast and is Segmented by Platform (Airborne, Land, Sea, Space), Components (Antennas, Transmitters, Power Amplifiers, Receivers, Duplexers, Digital Signal Processors, and Others), Application (Commercial, Military).

Read Detailed Index of Full Research Study at @ https://intellectmarkets.com/report/Surveillance Radar-market

Thanks for reading this article; you can also get region wise report version like Global, North America, Middle East, Africa, Europe, South America, etc

Contact US: Intellect Markets, Unit No. 4, Lakshmi Enclave, Nizam pet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India - 500090 Phone: +1 347 514 7411, +91 8688234923 sales@intellectmarkets.com

[jcmarchi]

Beyond Space: Traveling-Wave Tubes Travel Far - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/beyond-space-traveling-wave-tubes-travel-far-technology-org/

Beyond Space: Traveling-Wave Tubes Travel Far - Technology Org

Electronic components designed for NASA see use in space satellite systems and ground applications.

An engineer works on a Voyager spacecraft’s high-gain antenna dish. A component necessary to transmitting data on the Voyager 2 spacecraft, the traveling-wave tube, is still functioning over 45 years later. Image credit: NASA

Forty-five years ago, the Voyager 2 spacecraft launched on a mission to visit the outer planets. One vital component of the craft that still works is the key to getting data as it leaves the solar system.

But this piece of the now-interstellar spacecraft, the traveling-wave tube (TWT), has also become a necessary component for utilizing microwaves in several applications back on Earth. For example, satellite radio spacecraft use the amplification power of TWTs, and thanks to NASA’s help, listeners have coverage over all of North America and receive better sounding audio.

Apollo 12 astronaut Charles Conrad examines the television camera on the Surveyor 3 lunar probe. To have reliable transmissions during the Surveyor program, Hughes Corporation worked to miniaturize traveling-wave tubes, which are used to boost the power of radio signals. Image credit: NASA

Wherever you see a specialized microwave radio transmitter, there’s usually a traveling-wave tube somewhere within. Traveling wave tubes were initially created during the 1940s and were instrumental to the development of technologies like radar.

Like the cathode-ray tube in an old television, the traveling-wave tube works due to the movement of electrons within it: Inside a vacuum tube, a stream of electrons is fired from one end of the tube, which causes movement back and forth between electrodes on either side of the tube. A spiral of wire wraps around the path of the beam, and a radio signal is passed through it.

The movement of electrons synchronizes with the radio frequency, boosting the signal. All-in-one traveling-wave tube units that include a power source gain the additional moniker of “amplifier.”

In the early 1960s, Hughes Space and Communications Group received contracts from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena to build spacecraft for NASA’s Surveyor program, which successfully landed five robotic Moon missions before astronauts arrived during Apollo.

NASA electronics engineers Dale Force and Rainee Simons with an L3 (now Stellant) traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA). Today, Stellant is the only company making space-rated TWTAs and has several private sector customers in addition to NASA. Image credit: NASA

To maintain communications 238,000 miles from Earth, these landers’ transmitters needed massive amounts of amplification, with the additional constraint of having to fit on a small spacecraft. When Surveyor 1 landed on June 2, 1966, it was able to send signals carrying television images of the Moon’s surface back to Earth, paving the way for astronauts to land there a few years later.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Hughes supplied the traveling wave tubes for every deep space mission, working to the exacting standards that NASA set, including the two Voyager spacecraft, as well as the Galileo and Cassini missions to Jupiter and Saturn respectively.

This work pushed the tube’s capabilities further. Thanks to NASA’s need for better ways to transmit data, modern traveling-wave tubes are smaller and able to amplify signals in a wider range of frequencies, such as the Ka band that space telescopes use to send back high-resolution imagery of distant stars and galaxies.

“If it wasn’t for NASA, the technology wouldn’t be anywhere near how advanced it is today,” said Nick Gritti, executive vice president of strategy and business development at Stellant Systems of Torrance, California, a successor company to Hughes.

In a Solid-State World, Vacuum Tubes Endure

It might seem strange that a component most associated with retro aesthetics is still relevant in modern technology, but there are several reasons why the venerable tube is better than alternatives.

“This is the last field where vacuum tubes thrive,” said Wayne Harvey, an engineer at JPL who’s worked on numerous spacecraft missions.

Much as some high-quality audio amplifiers still use vacuum tubes, microwave amplifiers made from tubes can have much better performance than other signal-strengthening methods developed with more conventional solid-state electronics.

“Solid-state electronics can’t keep up in the ranges we need,” said Rainee Simons, a microwave electronics engineer who specializes in traveling wave tubes at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland. “The TWTA has much higher efficiency at the same frequencies.”

Keep on Traveling

After splitting from the larger Hughes Aircraft Company, Hughes Microwave Tubes continued to make these specialized components.

From the 1990s to the early 2000s, the company existed as part of Boeing before being sold to L3 Corporation, where the company was combined with another vacuum electronics manufacturer under the company’s portfolio, Litton Electron Devices. In 2021, the company split from the L3Harris conglomerate and became Stellant Systems, still operating at the same facility that Hughes did in the 1960s.

“I like to compare us to the island of Sicily,” said Gritti. “We’re the most conquered company in the world.”

Today, Stellant Systems is the only company in the United States that makes space-rated traveling wave tube amplifiers. In addition to being present in NASA spacecraft like the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and the Kepler Space Telescope, Stellant amplifiers are also used in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Earth-observation satellites and in military applications like onboard radar for planes.

Compared to the enormous TWTs used in applications on the ground like Doppler weather radar, the space-based TWTs are miniature but still powerful enough to boost signals enough to transmit massive amounts of data from orbit.

Privately funded operations are also benefiting from Stellant’s decades of experience with miniaturizing traveling wave tubes. In late 2021, Stellant sold traveling wave tubes to SiriusXM for its next generation of satellite radio spacecraft. And machines that provide Lasik eye surgery use these tubes to ensure their beams are properly amplified.

“I think for TWTAs, it’s a sort of a leapfrog process,” Harvey said. “Sometimes we’re taking advantage of developments in the commercial world, sometimes those come back around to NASA missions. There’s a synergy there.”

In 2020, the traveling wave tube amplifier was added to the Space Foundation’s Space Technology Hall of Fame. And as of 2022, the TWT on Voyager 2 is still plugging away, transmitting data as it continues to make the journey through interstellar space.

“Nobody can explain why the Voyager TWT is still working,” said Harvey. “There’s going to be life for this technology for some time.”

Source: NASA

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[antennaexperts]

How Does an Antenna Work?

Antenna is used widely in the telecommunication field, military operations, and other applications. It gets an electromagnetic wave and converts it into electric signals. Some antennas receive electric signals and radiate them as electromagnetic waves. A simple radio antenna is a long straight rod. Many indoor TV antennas take the form of a dipole that is divided into 2 pieces and folded horizontally. Numerous outdoor TV antennas have more than one dipole with a central supporting rod. The different types of antenna designs include parabolic satellite dishes and circular loops of wire.

Generally, the waves emitting at the antenna from a transmitter are the same in any shape of the antenna. Different patterns of dipoles help to concentrate the signals for easy detection. This effect can be increased by adding many unconnected dummy dipoles called reflectors and directors. These dipoles bounce the signals over the actual receiving dipoles. This is similar to boosting the signals and picking weaker signals better than a simple antenna. We will further discuss the working of different kinds of antennas and the science behind their working. We will also discuss the various types of antennas and their different properties.

Important Features of Antennas

An Antenna contains many important features such as:

Gain

The gain of an antenna is a technical measurement and the amount at which the signals are boosted. Television will pick up a poor signal without an antenna plugged in. Metal cases and other components pick up some kinds of signals by default. You need to add a proper directional antenna to gain better signals.

The gain of an antenna is often measured in decibels (DB). You will receive a better reception with a bigger gain. Outdoor antennas work more effectively than outdoor antennas.

Directionality

Dipole is very directional and picks up incoming radio waves traveling at right angles to them. The telescopic antenna on an FM radio is less directional when the signals are strong. If the telescopic antenna is pointed straight upward, it will capture good signals from any direction.

AM antenna in the radio is very directional. While using AM, you will need to swivel the radio until it picks up strong signals. Highly directional antennas give ample benefits such as reduction in interference from unwanted sources or signals.

Bandwidth

 The bandwidth of an antenna refers to the frequency range on which it works perfectly. Broader bandwidth gives a greater range of radio waves. Broad bandwidth will be more helpful in the case of television but not in other cases like satellite communications, telephones, or cell phones.

Different Kinds of Antennas

An antenna is a tool used for receiving and transmitting signals. It comes in various shapes, sizes, and features according to the needs of the customers. We will now discuss the different types of antennas and how they work.

1. Dipole Antenna

Dipole antennas normally contain 2 similar conductive elements like rods or metal wires. This kind of antenna includes odd and even modes. It contains a center-fed driven element to transmit and receive radio frequency energy. It is the simplest type of antenna containing a straight electric conductor made of metals like copper thereby making 2 poles.

The metal wire length is half of the highest wavelength in free space at the frequency operation. The conductive materials in the center of an antenna are divided through an insulator known as an antenna section. The RF voltage source is normally given to the middle of the Dipole Antenna. Voltage and current are then supplied via the 2 conductive elements to produce radio or electromagnetic signals. These signals are later radiated outside the dipole antenna. In the center of a dipole antenna, the voltage is minimum and current is maximum whereas the current is minimum and voltage is maximum at the two ends of an antenna.

2. Grid Parabolic Antenna

Grid antenna is a kind of parabolic antenna. It normally contains a reflector made from a grill of parallel wires or bars targeted in one direction that acts as a polarizing filter and a reflector. These antennas normally reflect linearly polarized radio waves with an electric field parallel to the grill elements. The spacing of the grid elements is frequently dependent and inversely proportional to the frequency.

Grid parabolic antenna has the highest weight ratio and strength. It is a very efficient antenna in which gain figures approach the theoretical maximum for the curved surface area. This antenna contains a full Parabolic reflector for a smooth digital communication system.

3. Yagi Antenna

The Yagi antenna was discovered by 2 Japanese scientists Shintaro Uda and Hidetsugu Yagi. It is a kind of directional antenna and is generally used in point-to-point communication. Yagi antenna radiates signals in one fixed direction. It includes a long transmission line with a single driven element containing two rods connected on any one side of the transmission lines.

This antenna contains a single reflector on one side of the transmission line and several parasite elements that act as directors. In Yagi antennas, the reflector is kept behind the driven element and is longer than the driven element. On the other hand, the director is kept on the front of the driven element and is shorter than the driven element. Normally, Yagi antennas have one reflector and multiple directors.

4. Satellite dish antenna

Dish Antenna are popular these days. They contain 2 major components namely parabolic shaped reflector and a low noise block down convertor. Parabolic dish gets electromagnetic signals from the satellite and focuses them on LNBF.

Final words

This is all about a High Gain Antenna with its working pattern, design and features. The working of every kind of antenna is almost similar with slight changes. These antennas are used in multiple applications from satellite communication to telephone lines. Many antenna manufacturers and dealers sell the different kinds of antennas online at affordable rates.

[fatpos-global]

Military Communication Systems Market Size, Share & Growth Forecast 2031

Fatpos Global has released a report titled “Military Communication Systems Market — Analysis of Market Size, Share & Trends for 2021–2022 and Forecasts to 2032” which is anticipated to reach USD 60.6 billion by 2032. According to a study by Fatpos Global, the market is expected to portray a CAGR of 5.6% between 2022 and 2032. According to the market research study, the advancements in technology in communication field and modernization in military communication terms are expected to boost the growth of the Military Communication Systems Market.

The market research study on Military Communication Systems Market includes in-depth insights such as:

Military Communication Systems Market in North America held the largest market share in the year 2021.

Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the Component into Hardware {Antenna, Receiver, Transmitter, Transceiver, Others}, Software.

Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the Platform into Ground, Airborne, Space, Naval.

Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the Application into Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR), Command and Control, Routine Operations, Situational Awareness, and Others.

Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the Frequency Band into L-Band, Ka-Band, S-Band, UHF/VHF, Others.

Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the System into Military SATCOM systems, Military security system, Military radio systems, Communication management systems.

Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the End User into Commercial Services, Army, Navy, Air force, Defense Intelligence.

The increased adoption of military communication shelters is expected to drive the growth of the Military Communication Systems Market.

“Growing acceptance of advanced communication systems is expected to boost the growth of the Global Mattress Market”, said a lead analyst at Fatpos Global.

Military communication is a way of the communicating the information from reconnaissance and several other areas in contact with the rivals and the way of exercising command by conveying the commander’s instructions to the subordinates. This involves several methods of communicating data between the outlying facilities, fields and command center. Military Communication Systems market is affected by various factors like unstable geopolitical environment, growing use of UAVs etc.

Download Free Sample Report

Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the Component into Hardware {Antenna, Receiver, Transmitter, Transceiver, Others}, Software. Hardware s segment dominated the market in 2021 owing to the growing demand for modern communication system in different military applications. Increasing necessity of military-grade communication devices is anticipated to drive the demand for growth of segment. Software segment is expected to dominate the market in forecast period owing to the increasing acceptance of software-defined radio systems for modern communication.

Key Players in the Market

Some of the key players operating in the Military Communication Systems Market are General Dynamics Corporation, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Iridium Communications Inc., Raytheon Technologies Inc., Viasat Inc., BAE Systems PLC, Rohde & Schwarz, L3Harris Technologies, Inc., Thales Group, Northrop Grumman Corporation, Cobham PLC and Other Prominent Players.

Get Valuable Insights into Market

In the latest market study conducted by Fatpos Global thrives to present an unbiased analysis of the Market that covers the historical demand data as well as the forecast figures for the period, i.e., 2022–2032. The study includes compelling insights into growth that is witnessed in the Market. Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the Component into Hardware {Antenna, Receiver, Transmitter, Transceiver, Others}, Software. Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the Platform into Ground, Airborne, Space, Naval. Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the Application into Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR), Command and Control, Routine Operations, Situational Awareness, and Others. Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the Frequency Band into L-Band, Ka-Band, S-Band, UHF/VHF, Others. Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the System into Military SATCOM systems, Military security system, Military radio systems, Communication management systems. Military Communication Systems Market is classified based on the End User into Commercial Services, Army, Navy, Air force, Defense Intelligence. Geographically, the market is segmented into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Middle East and Africa.

About us

An acronym for “Failures Are the Pillar of Success”, FATPOS Global has grown to become an end-to-end market intelligence firm. At FATPOS Global, we have emerged to become a reliable market research and management consulting company that caters to non-profits, corporations, and government agencies. Our aim is to help organizations make the right decisions backed by reliable data, in order to help them meet their growth goals.

Military Aircraft market is expected to portray a CAGR of 3.6% between 2022 and 2032

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[sw5w]

Hands Up!

STAR WARS EPISODE I: The Phantom Menace 02:00:26

[severepeanutperfection]

Massive MIMO Market Key Players, Industry Overview, Applications and Analysis 2032

The Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output) Market has been experiencing substantial growth as the demand for high-speed and reliable wireless communication continues to surge. Massive MIMO is an advanced wireless communication technology that utilizes multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver to significantly enhance data throughput, spectral efficiency, and overall network performance. This technology has gained immense popularity in the telecommunications industry, especially with the ongoing deployment of 5G networks and the need to accommodate the increasing data traffic and connectivity requirements of modern applications.

One of the key drivers behind the Massive MIMO Market's growth is the ever-increasing consumer demand for seamless and high-quality mobile connectivity. With the rise of smartphones, IoT devices, and data-hungry applications, traditional wireless networks face challenges in delivering the required bandwidth and capacity. Massive MIMO addresses these challenges by enabling the simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams to multiple users, effectively boosting the network's capacity and improving the user experience.

Moreover, the adoption of Massive MIMO technology is essential for unlocking the full potential of 5G networks. 5G promises ultra-fast data rates, low latency, and massive device connectivity, but achieving these goals requires advanced techniques like Massive MIMO to support the massive increase in data traffic and ensure reliable and high-speed communication. As 5G deployments continue to expand globally, the demand for Massive MIMO solutions is expected to grow in tandem.

Additionally, the Massive MIMO Market is driven by the potential cost savings and energy efficiency it offers to network operators. With its ability to deliver higher spectral efficiency and capacity, Massive MIMO allows operators to serve more users with existing infrastructure, reducing the need for costly network expansions. Furthermore, the technology's improved spectral efficiency translates to reduced power consumption, aligning with the growing emphasis on sustainability and green technologies in the telecommunications industry.

For More Info@ https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/04/26/2655077/0/en/Increasing-Penetration-of-5G-Internet-to-Steer-Global-Massive-MIMO-Market-Past-US-37-5-Billion-by-2032-Says-Persistence-Market-Research.html

In conclusion, the Massive MIMO Market is witnessing significant growth as it plays a crucial role in meeting the increasing demand for high-speed and reliable wireless communication. With 5G deployments gaining momentum worldwide, Massive MIMO technology is expected to become a cornerstone of next-generation networks, enabling seamless connectivity, enhanced spectral efficiency, and improved user experiences. As telecommunications companies seek to stay competitive and deliver cutting-edge services, the adoption of Massive MIMO solutions is set to continue its upward trajectory.

[swldx]

BBC 0409 17 Oct 2024

12095Khz 0358 17 OCT 2024 - BBC (UNITED KINGDOM) in ENGLISH from TALATA VOLONONDRY. SINPO = 45334. English, dead carrier s/on @0358z then ID@0359z pips and newsday preview. @0401z World News anchored by Chris Berrow. § The first aid in two weeks has gone into northern Gaza following a letter from the US that gave Israel 30 days to boost humanitarian access, or risk having some military assistance cut off. The letter is the Biden administration’s most detailed public criticism yet of the way Israel has blocked humanitarian aid to Gaza. It was signed by Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin and was supposed to be private, until it was leaked to Israeli journalists. § Liam Payne, the former One Direction star, has died aged 31 in Argentina after falling from the third floor of a hotel in Buenos Aires, police say. Payne had risen to global fame as part of the much-loved boyband created on the X Factor TV show in 2010, along with Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson, Niall Horan and Zayn Malik. § Democratic White House nominee Kamala Harris has conducted her first-ever interview with Fox News, clashing repeatedly with the host on transgender prisoners, illegal immigration and President Biden’s mental fitness. After Fox played a clip from an interview she gave last week saying that there's "not a thing" she would change about the actions of the Biden-Harris administration, Harris went further than she has gone before in trying to place some distance between herself and her boss. "Let me be very clear, my presidency will not be a continuation of Joe Biden's presidency," she said on Wednesday, without elaborating. § Appearing in a crisp suit and dark tie, Genaro García Luna – the highest-ranking Mexican official ever to be convicted in the United States – remained impassive as his sentence was handed down in a New York courtroom. He was sentenced to more than 38 years in prison, as well as a $2m (£1.5m) fine. It was not the life sentence he could have received, but a jail term that the judge, Brian Cogan, felt reflected the severity of his crimes. § North Korea said Thursday its constitution clearly defines South Korea as a "hostile state," the first time Pyongyang has confirmed the basic law has been revised in line with leader Kim Jong-un's order to codify the South as an enemy, not a partner for reconciliation and unification. § Amazon announced it has signed three agreements on developing nuclear power technology called small modular reactors (SMRs), which it says are an advanced kind of nuclear reactor with a smaller physical footprint, allowing them to be built closer to the grid. There are no SMRs in the US, at the moment. § Raytheon agreed on Wednesday to pay about $950 million to resolve federal charges it defrauded the U.S. Department of Defense into overpaying for defense systems and bribed an official in Qatar to secure business from the Middle East country's air force. § An Italian navy vessel on Wednesday brought the first migrants intercepted in their waters to Albania for processing in the newly created migrant centres. The scheme, set up by Far-Right Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, is part of a broader attempt to tackle illegal arrivals that has sparked criticism. @0406z "Newsday" begins. Backyard gutter antenna w/MFJ-1020C active antenna (used as a preamplifier/preselector), JRC NRD-535D, 250kW, beamAz 315°, bearing 63°. Received at Plymouth, MN, United States, 15359KM from transmitter at Talata Volonondry. Local time: 2258.

[pravalika]

Radar Market - Forecast (2023 - 2028)

View More @ https://tinyurl.com/2p9dfhw9

According to a research done by Ploughshares Fund, 13,850 nuclear weapons are possessed by different countries, with the U.S. and Russia accounting for 92% of the total number.[1] This increasing number of nuclear weapons has given rise to high security concerns. Owing to the potential threats, during the Second World War, the US navy had developed a device named RADAR, which is an acronym for Radio Detection And Ranging. Radar, an electronic detection system that uses radio waves to sense and detect objects such as weapons, missiles, aircraft, ships, and vehicles within a specific range. It comprises antennas, emitters, transmitters, and receivers. Apart from military applications, there are several other capabilities and applications of radar in automotive, weather forecasting, air traffic control systems ocean surveillance, and other applications. The global radar market generated $24.37 billion in revenue in 2018, and the revenue is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4.32% from 2019 to 2025.

North America held the maximum market share, accounting for approximately 37.48% of the total demand.  Increasing emphasis on security concerns, increasing terrorist attacks, rising nuclear bombing threats, high investments by governments, and technological furtherance are some of the prominent factors driving the North America radar market.

High budgets are provided by governments for the military sector to automate all the security and defense systems. Sophisticated radar systems are being developed and deployed in the military sector. According to IndustryARC analysts, the application segment is poised to grow at a healthy CAGR of 5.75% through 2025.

Radar Market Growth Drivers:

 Legacy Systems

Globally, most countries are adopting necessary technologies to replace the legacy systems in military with automated equipment. Radar systems have been proven to be efficient in detecting security threats. With the spurring technological advancements, the demand for radar systems is increasing.

Increasing Territorial Conflicts

Increasing territorial conflicts lead to high security alerts. To have impeccable security at the boundaries, radar systems are used to detect any unauthorized object within the premises. The rising conflicts in the territories have led to high utilization of radar systems, ultimately boosting the radar system market.

Radar Market Key Players Perspective:

Lockheed Martin is one of the leading market players. Recently it teamed up with the Israeli radar company Elta Systems. This is intended to increase production and meet the global demand for radar systems in the coming future.

Other key players of the radar market are Northrop Grumman, Thales, SAAB, Rockwell Collins, Dassault, General Dynamics, Finmeccanica, Honeywell, L3, Kelvin Hughes, IAI, Selex, Qinetiq, and BAE Systems.

Radar Market Trends –

Solid State Electronics

During the first couple of decades of radars, vacuum electronics devices played a major role in supplying power to the amplifiers. Over the years, solid-state transmitters are gaining traction over vacuum electronics due to their reliability, performance, and advantage.

[prajnene]

Radar Link Market to Experience Substantial Growth By 2030

The global radar link market size was valued at USD 1.55 billion in 2021. The market is expected to grow from USD 1.66 billion in 2022 to USD 2.73 billion by 2029, exhibiting a CAGR of 7.39% during the forecast period. The rising adoption of lightweight and compact hardware components and technological developments is estimated to foster the radar link industry’s growth. Fortune Business Insights™ mentions this information in its report titled “Radar Link Market, 2022-2029.”

The report uncovers following points:

Renowned insights into the industry

Important data with in-depth research

Factors exhibiting market growth

A comprehensive study about main regions

COVID-19 impact on the market

Prime developments in the industry

Segments

Electronic Segment to Dominate Owing to Robust Adoption of Radar Systems in the Defense Industry

By link type, the radar link industry is classified into electronic links & optical links. The rising demand for radar systems in the defense sector is expected to boost segmental growth.

Antenna Segment to Dominate Backed by its Increasing Adoption for Military and Commercial Applications

Based on component, the market is classified into antenna, diplexer, transmitter, phase lock loop, receiver, processor, and others. The antenna segment is anticipated to dominate due to its increasing adoption in commercial and military applications.

Naval Segment to Lead Owing to Expansion of Naval Fleet

As per application, the market is categorized into airborne, naval, space, and land. The naval segment is expected to lead due to expansions of naval fleets.

Regionally, the market is grouped into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the rest of the world.

Browse Summary

Report Coverage

The report provides a detailed analysis of the top segments and the latest trends in the radar link industry. It comprehensively discusses the driving and restraining factors and the impact of COVID-19 on the market. Additionally, it examines the regional developments and the strategies undertaken by the market's key players.

Drivers and Restraints

Rising Disputes Among Neighboring Countries to Foster Market Growth

Radar link is used in the defense sector to detect land, sea, and air threats. It uses optical fibers to offer accurate and efficient signals to users. Rising land disputes among neighboring countries may elevate the product adoption. Further, the rising cross-border conflicts among nations are expected to increase defense budget spending. Moreover, the increasing demand for radar links to enhance security and safety is expected to boost sales. Also, rising fiber optic usage trends for efficient radar sensing software development may foster sales. Additionally, increasing disputes among neighboring countries may boost the radar link market growth.

However, the complex installation and maintenance of fiber optic is estimated to hinder market growth.