#thompson k-8 international academy

[frankentyner]

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 7, 2023

Dynamics of Temporal Integration in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. Alexander, P. C., Alitto, H. J., Fisher, T. G., Rathbun, D. L., Weyand, T. G., & Usrey, W. M. (2022). eNeuro, 9(4).

Degenerate boundaries for multiple-alternative decisions. Baker, S.-A., Griffith, T., & Lepora, N. F. (2022). Nature Communications, 13, 5066.

Behaviorally relevant decision coding in primary somatosensory cortex neurons. Buetfering, C., Zhang, Z., Pitsiani, M., Smallridge, J., Boven, E., McElligott, S., & Häusser, M. (2022). Nature Neuroscience, 25(9), 1225–1236.

Attention rhythmically samples multi-feature objects in working memory. Chota, S., Leto, C., van Zantwijk, L., & Van der Stigchel, S. (2022). Scientific Reports, 12, 14703.

A neural correlate of perceptual segmentation in macaque middle temporal cortical area. Clark, A. M., & Bradley, D. C. (2022). Nature Communications, 13, 4967.

People adaptively use information to improve their internal states and external outcomes. Cogliati Dezza, I., Maher, C., & Sharot, T. (2022). Cognition, 228, 105224.

The dorsal hippocampus’ role in context-based timing in rodents. De Corte, B. J., Farley, S. J., Heslin, K. A., Parker, K. L., & Freeman, J. H. (2022). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 194, 107673.

Human perceptual and metacognitive decision-making rely on distinct brain networks. Di Luzio, P., Tarasi, L., Silvanto, J., Avenanti, A., & Romei, V. (2022). PLOS Biology, 20(8), e3001750.

Parallel processing, hierarchical transformations, and sensorimotor associations along the ‘where’ pathway. Doudlah, R., Chang, T.-Y., Thompson, L. W., Kim, B., Sunkara, A., & Rosenberg, A. (2022). eLife, 11, e78712.

Small, correlated changes in synaptic connectivity may facilitate rapid motor learning. Feulner, B., Perich, M. G., Chowdhury, R. H., Miller, L. E., Gallego, J. A., & Clopath, C. (2022). Nature Communications, 13, 5163.

Biased belief priors versus biased belief updating: Differential correlates of depression and anxiety. Gagne, C., Agai, S., Ramiro, C., Dayan, P., & Bishop, S. (2022). PLOS Computational Biology, 18(8), e1010176.

Dopamine Modulates Adaptive Forgetting in Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Gallo, F. T., Zanoni Saad, M. B., Silva, A., Morici, J. F., Miranda, M., Anderson, M. C., … Bekinschtein, P. (2022). Journal of Neuroscience, 42(34), 6620–6636.

Long-lasting, dissociable improvements in working memory and long-term memory in older adults with repetitive neuromodulation. Grover, S., Wen, W., Viswanathan, V., Gill, C. T., & Reinhart, R. M. G. (2022). Nature Neuroscience, 25(9), 1237–1246.

Superstitious learning of abstract order from random reinforcement. Jin, Y., Jensen, G., Gottlieb, J., & Ferrera, V. (2022). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(35), e2202789119.

The developmental changes in intrinsic and synaptic properties of prefrontal neurons enhance local network activity from the second to the third postnatal weeks in mice. Kalemaki, K., Velli, A., Christodoulou, O., Denaxa, M., Karagogeos, D., & Sidiropoulou, K. (2022). Cerebral Cortex, 32(17), 3633–3650.

A molecularly integrated amygdalo-fronto-striatal network coordinates flexible learning and memory. Li, D. C., Dighe, N. M., Barbee, B. R., Pitts, E. G., Kochoian, B., Blumenthal, S. A., … Gourley, S. L. (2022). Nature Neuroscience, 25(9), 1213–1224.

Learning Spatiotemporal Properties of Hippocampal Place Cells. Lian, Y., & Burkitt, A. N. (2022). eNeuro, 9(4).

Mutual interaction between visual homeostatic plasticity and sleep in adult humans. Menicucci, D., Lunghi, C., Zaccaro, A., Morrone, M. C., & Gemignani, A. (2022). eLife, 11, e70633.

Natural switches in behaviour rapidly modulate hippocampal coding. Sarel, A., Palgi, S., Blum, D., Aljadeff, J., Las, L., & Ulanovsky, N. (2022). Nature, 609(7925), 119–127.

Understanding the structure of cognitive noise. Zhu, J.-Q., León-Villagrá, P., Chater, N., & Sanborn, A. N. (2022). PLOS Computational Biology, 18(8), e1010312.

[imakeficrequestsandthendisappear]

The post where I try to fix Klaus’ arc in TUA season 2

(((I guess I just am an umbrella academy blogger now)))

OKAY, so we all can agree that Klaus’s arc in season 2 (mostly with dave) was....not great. the intentions i think were good, but misguided. It started pretty good, the acting was great, but it didn’t have the lasting power. Here’s 10 things the writers should have done differently, or should do in the future (as told by me, a nobody). Yes most of this is a long Klaus x Dave shitpost 

1. Learn Basic Math:   Idk why this is so hard to fucking grasp, but Dave’s baby-faced teenager age doesn’t make any fucking sense. according to the wiki, he was born in 1939, so in 1963 he is 24 years old. the actor who played young Dave is currently 20, so was probably 19 when they filmed. 

Why? why. *instert why vine*

like yeah he’s younger, but he doesn’t need to look like a infant. The baby-est gay that ever did baby gay. it puts a weird dynamic into the whole season with Klaus. and it’s not like there isn’t someone else who can play dave....

2. Hire Cody Ray Thompson again:  ....like, I’m baffled. they’ve baffled me. This guy had one(1) job, fall in love with Klaus, and he did it with so much charm and chemistry that the whole fanbase is still quaking. he had like 2 lines. like less 3 total minutes of screen time. And we all fell in love with him cause he did so good. ((he’s also a klave stan check out his twitter))

Whyyyy couldn’t they just get him in for season? “hE’d LoOk ToO OlD” well the other kid looked too damn young. do his hair different, have him lose some bulk in the arms and shoulders, get him a k-pop skin care routine, I don’t care.

Imagine if he got to have multiple scenes with Robert Sheehan, when they had so much chemistry in just a short montage in season 1.

3. Knock it off with the homophobia: i’m not gonna talk about when Dave punches klaus it’s literally the worst part of the season. it’s not what i came here for. I want a refund. (see point 7 for notes)

4. Actually make the cult a useful part of the season: like we have hundreds of adoring klaus fans ready to do anything he tells them… could that have served a plot purpose at any point? Could that have been useful in a conflict, or some character development? No?

5. Establish the Ben possessions much earlier: probably one of the most interesting plot points from season 2 is that ben had more agency. And then 5 minutes later he didn’t. I know we have 7 main characters but did we need this many scenes with the Handler while Ben got diddly fuck until the last 2 episodes? 

6: Why Doesn’t Klaus see ghosts anymore?: like, he sees Ben. but, what about all the other ones? He got sober, does he just ignore them now? ((guys what if he conjured the spirit of JFK)) 

7: (this one’s long) Make Klaus’s arc about internal conflict, not an external conflict between him and Dave:  

Klaus is established in season 1 to be selfish, but in like a fun way. he thinks of self satisfaction before literally anything else. this comes to a head when he comes back from Vietnam and says “He was the only person I’ve ever loved more than myself” 

After this Klaus’ growth is kind of put on the back-burner for the apocalypse stuff. We never really get to see him put someone else first after that. Even when he gets sober to see Dave, it’s to fulfill his own desires. 

By season 2 his world view has shifted, he gets sober, but we need more actions toward change. he gets bored of the cult and ditches them, and he barely does anything for Ben.

(selfish but lovable)

Enter tall hunky texas boy Dave, (((who is an adult man))) who is in the closet from his homophobic family, but it’s not spelled out for us. It could be as subtle as a look, or saying a coded phrase. The audience isn’t interested in the macro-drama of 1960’s homophobia, we are interested in the micro-drama between these two characters.

Anyway, Klaus is excited to see Dave, and they like meet and have a normal conversation, where it is eventually revealed that Dave is already planning on joining the marines soon. Klaus wants to stop him but then he realizes (or Ben tells him) that if Klaus says the wrong thing (like telling Dave not to go to war) it would change the timeline and they would never meet in 1968. And for the next couple EPISODES i want Klaus to have to think about this, like it’s an actual hard decision to make. He’s a creature of habit, his instincts are selfish because he’s always been selfish, but he loves this guy so much. 

Maybe he tries bargaining, like maybe he can subtly tell Dave just enough to keep him alive, but not stop him from going to Vietnam. And Dave is rightfully confused that this person knows a lot about him, but also like… he’s kinda cute. I want weird coffee shop dates and long walks through the texas fields in the setting sun.  

But right at the deadline of “we gotta stop the apocalypse again” Klaus realizes that he can’t let Dave go to Vietnam, even if it means they never meet. Cause he loves dave like way too much to even risk it, even if it means putting his own happiness second. It’s the first truly selfless act of love Klaus does for someone. So he tells him everything, but it sounds fucking bat-shit insane and Klaus has to leave right then and there. Leaving Dave standing there like “Wtf”

Later on after the Kennedy assassination, klaus and all the hargreeves’ are named as suspects, so Dave wonders if he’s just been duped by a cult leader this whole time (but also is kinda sad about it). He enlists in the marines anyway, and this is where we stay on the season one timeline.

But speaking of time-lines…….

8. Use season 3 to retcon timeline issues: like obviously they are going to fuck around with the timeline, because of the fucking bird school and emo ben. So take this opportunity, dear writers, to figure out how Klaus’s (and everyone else’s) lives make any sense, and cut some stuff from the season 1 and season 2 timelines. (and no, Klaus and Dave never falling in love in Vietnam is not a valid choice. It’s a garbage way to make me cry.)

9: Set a whole (or most of an) episode in 1968 Vietnam: maybe this is when they are trying to fix the timeline. Idk it’s just for fanservice. They have a whole 10 episodes and they can’t give just one to klaus? bullshit.

10. (Fan Theory) Reveal that Dave was killed by the commission: the true tragedy of this romance is that if Dave lived Klaus probably wouldn’t have gone back to 2019. They might have actually lived a happy life together. But the timeline needs Klaus in 2019, to be part of and die in the apocalypse, so the commission sends someone (.....maybe not Five) out to kill his boyfriend. 

Anyway it took me so many braincells to write this post and i do not accept criticism for free, so dm for my paypal if you want to tell me this was stupid.

[brucesterling]

Arizona death panels

*Because there are more people sick of Covid-19 in the great state of Arizona right now than there are in all of Europe.

*It’s not like Arizona invented the idea of triage; that’s quite an extensive and interesting bibliography there.

https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/preparedness/epidemiology-disease-control/infectious-disease-epidemiology/novel-coronavirus/sdmac/covid-19-addendum.pdf

COVID-19 Addendum: Allocation of Scarce Resources in Acute Care Facilities Recommended for Approval by State Disaster Medical Advisory Committee (SDMAC) – 6/12/2020

(...)

References

Advance Care Planning Tips from the National Institute on Aging, Jan 2018. Retrieved from: https://order.nia.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2018-03/advance-planning-tip-sheet.pdf

Antommaria, AH., Powell, T., Miller, JE., Christian, MD. (2011). Ethical issues in pediatric emergency mass critical care. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 12(6 Suppl): S163-8. Retrieved from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22067926

Berger. JT., Howe, EG., Powell, T., Trotter, G., Rosoff, PM., McCullough, LB.,... Vawter, DE. Clinical Ethics in Catastrophic Situations: Mapping a Standard of Care—Imagining the Unthinkable. Berger, JT (Ed). The Journal of Clinical Ethics, Special Publication. Retrieved from: http://www.clinicalethics.com/

Biddison, D., Faden, R., Gwon, HS., Mareiniss, DP., Regenberg, AC., Schoch-Spana, M.,... Toner, ES. (2019). Too Many Patients. A Framework to Guide Statewide Allocation of Scarce Mechanical Ventilation During Disasters. Chest, 155(4):848-854. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30316913

Curtis, JR., Kross, EK.,Stapleton, RD. (2020). The importance of addressing advance care planning and decisions about do-not-resuscitate orders during novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA. Retrieved from:https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2763952

Emanual, E., Persad G., Upshur, R., Thome, B., Parker, M., Glickman, A.,... Phillips, J. (2020). Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the time of COVID. The New England Journal of Medicine, 1-7. Retrieved from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsb2005114

Grissam, CK., Brown, SM.,Kuttler, KG., Boltax, JP., Jones, J., Jephson, AR., Orme, JF. (2010). A Modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (MSOFA) Score for Critical Care Triage. Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 4(4): 277-84. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21149228

Institute of Medicine. (2012). Crisis Standards of Care: A Systems Framework for Catastrophic Disaster Response: Volume 1: Introduction and CDC Framework. The National Academies Press. Retrieved from:https://www.nap.edu/catalog/13351/crisis-standards-of-care-a-systems-framework-for-catastrophic- disaster

Lambden, S., Laterre, PF., Levy, MM., Francois, B. (2019). The SOFA score—development, utility and challenges of accurate assessment in clinical trials. Critical Care, 23 (374). Retrieved from:https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-019-2663-7#citeas

Maves, RC., Downar, J., Dichter, JR., Hick, JL., Devereaux, A., Geiling, JA.,... Christian, MD, On behalf of the ACCP Task Force for Mass Critical Care. (2020). Triage of scarce critical care resources in COVID-19: an implementation guide for regional allocation An expert panel report of the Task Force for Mass Critical Care and the American College of Chest Physicians. Chest. Retrieved from:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012369220306917?via%3Dihub

Cohen, G, Crespo, A, White D. Potential legal liability for withdrawing or withholding ventilators during COVID 19. JAMA, April 1, 2020; 10.100/JAMA.2020.5442

Leteurtre S1, Duhamel A, Salleron J, Grandbastien B, Lacroix J, Leclerc F; Groupe Francophone de Réanimation et d’Urgences Pédiatriques (GFRUP). PELOD-2: an update of the Pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score. Crit Care Med. 2013 Jul;41(7):1761-73. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31828a2bbd.

COVID-19 Addendum: Allocation of Scarce Resources in Acute Care Facilities Recommended for Approval by State Disaster Medical Advisory Committee (SDMAC) – 6/12/2020

Neuberger J, Adams D, MacMaster P, Maidment A, Speed M. Assessing priorities for allocation of donor liver grafts: survey of public and clinicians. Bmj 1998;317:172-5.

New York State Task Force on Life and the Law New York State Department of Health. (2015). Ventilator Allocation Guidelines. New York State Department of Health. Retrieved from:https://www.health.ny.gov/regulations/task_force/reports_publications/docs/ventilator_guidelines.pdf

Pandemic Influenza Working Group. (2005). STAND ON GUARD FOR THEE, Ethical Considerations in Preparedness Planning for Pandemic Influenza. University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics.Retrieved from: http://www.jcb.utoronto.ca/people/documents/upshur_stand_guard.pdf

Papadimos, TJ., Marcolini, EG., Hadian, M., Hardar, GE., Ward, N., Levy, MM.,... Davidson, JE. (2018). Ethics of Outbreaks Position Statement. Part 1:Therapies, Treatment Limitations, and Duty to Treat. Critical Care Medicine, 46(11): 1842-1855. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30312224

Papadimos, TJ., Marcolini, EG., Hadian, M., Hardar, GE., Ward, N., Levy, MM.,... Davidson, JE. (2018). Ethics of Outbreaks Position Statement. Part 2: Family-Centered Care. Critical Care Medicine, 46(11): 1856-1860. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30312225

Ranney, ML., Griffeth, V., Jha, AK. (2020). Critical Supply Shortages — The Need for Ventilators and Personal Protective Equipment during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The New England Journal of Medicine. Retrieved from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2006141?url_ver=Z39.88- 2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed

Straney, L., Clements, A., Parslow, RC., Pearson, G., Shann, F., Alexander, K., Slater, A. (2013). Paediatric index of mortality 3: an updated model for predicting mortality in pediatric intensive care*. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 14:673–681. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23863821

Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of N95 Respirators. (2020). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019- ncov/hcp/respirators- strategy/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019- ncov%2Fhcp%2Frespirators-strategy%2Fcrisis-alternate-strategies.html#

Subject Matter Experts Advisor Panel. (2020). Crisis Standards of Care Guidelines for Hospitals for the COVID-19 Pandemic. Governors Expert Emergency Epidemic Response Committee, Version 0.9. Retrieved from:https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/Crisis%20Standards%20of%20Care%20Triage%20S tandards-April%202020.pdf

Thompson, AK., Faith, K., Gibson, JL., Upshur, REG. (2006). Pandemic Influenza Preparedness: An Ethical Framework to Guide Decision-making. BMS Medical Ethics, 7(12). Retrieved from:https://bmcmedethics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6939-7-12

Truong, RD., Mitchell, C., Daley, GQ. (2020). The Toughest Triage — Allocating Ventilators in a Pandemic. The New England Journal of Medicine. Retrieved from:https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2005689.

COVID-19 Addendum: Allocation of Scarce Resources in Acute Care Facilities Recommended for Approval by State Disaster Medical Advisory Committee (SDMAC) – 6/12/2020

Utah Hospitals and Health Systems Association. (2010). Utah Pandemic Influenza Hospital and ICU Triage Guidelines. Utah Department of Health, Version 4b. Retrieved from: https://health.utah.gov/wp- content/uploads/Final_PANFLU_CSC-2.pdf

Washington State Department of Health and Northwest Healthcare Response Network (2020). Scarce Resource Management & Crisis Standards of Care. Retrieved from: https://nwhrn.org/wp- content/uploads/2020/03/Scarce_Resource_Management_and_Crisis_Standards_of_Care_Overview_a nd_Materials-2020-3-16.pdf

White, DB., Halpern, SD. (2020). Allocation of Scarce Critical Care Resources During a Public Health Emergency.University of Pittsburgh Department of Critical Care Medicine. Retrieved from:https://ccm.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/Model%20hospital%20policy%20for%20allocation%20of%20criti cal%20care_2020-03-23%20web.pdf

White, DB., Katz, MH., Luce, JM., Lo, B. (2009). Who Should Receive Life Support During a Public Health Emergency? Using Ethical Principles to Improve Allocation Decisions. Annalsof Internal Medicine, 150(2): 132-138. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2629638/

White, DB., Lo B. (2020). A Framework for Rationing Ventilators and Critical Care Beds During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA. Retrieved from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2763953

[parentsnevertoldus]

little-t trauma

CW// health issues, death, suicide, homophobia, racism

When I was little, I thought that “drama” and “trauma” were the same thing. Middle school drama consisted of which popular long-haired sk8er boy was scooping the boobs of which popular pubescent girl; whose secrets were exposed when someone was ousted from their friend group; which 8th graders were dating high school seniors. While, in my experience, these words can often describe each other--drama can be traumatic and vice versa--they mean two different things. However, looking back on my childhood as I got older, I realized the way I had used them interchangeably was, well, correct. 

Whether it’s “Big-T Trauma” or “little-t trauma,” the psychological and physiological responses are the same. Big-T Trauma is an event that happens once but is extremely impactful all at one time, for example, death, assault, and attack, or witnessing an attack. These instances are often more accepted by wider society as stressful. Little-t trauma is by no means less traumatic. However, these recurring events are often invalidated and normalized by society; the burden is often shifted to the victim with the expectation that one should just “get over it.”  Examples of these include chronic bullying, racism, body-shaming, sexism, and other forms of everyday violence and discrimination. What determines whether we call it trauma in the first place is how we feel after the experience. The more frightened or helpless you feel, the more likely that this is trauma. 

Having to let boys playfully “scoop” your boobs every day at school or risk social ostracization? Trauma. Having your deepest darkest secrets exposed at school? Trauma. Being ousted from your friend group? Trauma. Dating someone way too old for you? Trauma. Being the only Black kid at your school? Trauma. Trying to pass for straight? Trauma. Hiding your gender identity from everyone you know? Trauma. No one deserves that.

Minority Stress is a little-t trauma (in contrast to the big-T Trauma of a hate crime).  The term minority stress refers to the excess recurring stress to which individuals from stigmatized social categories are exposed as a result of their position as a social minority. This stress from alienation accumulates over time and results in both physiological and mental health issues.

How Trauma Affects the Body

Increased blood pressure: have you ever heard the expression “higher than a Black man’s blood pressure?” Some epidemiological studies have found that exposure to racial discrimination was positively related to elevated levels of blood pressure in Black people (1). Experiencing discrimination in a broad range of contexts can induce considerable stress. 

Higher rates of chronic disease: Everyday discrimination is positively associated with coronary artery calcification (9),  diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, depression, cancer, and early death (12). Because of this, not only do POC (specifically Black people) experience worse health earlier, but this deterioration accumulates giving rise to higher cortisol levels and inflammation in racial, sexual, and gender minorities alike (13).

Poor sleep:  Black people are less likely than white people to have a decline in blood pressure during sleep, which is associated with increased risk for mortality and traumatic cardiovascular events like heart attacks (11).

Birthing mortality: The weathering hypothesis proposes that the health of Black women may begin to deteriorate in early adulthood as a physical consequence of cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage. This age the body via an increase in allostatic load, the physiological burden imposed by stress: norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and DHEA-S which gives rise to elevated blood pressure & cholesterol (14). During childbirth, these problems are correlated with higher rates of fetal/neonatal death and death of the birthing person as well as low birth weights and prematurely born babies.

Mental health and physical health are inextricably linked. 

How Trauma Affects Us Socially & Emotionally

Psychological distress: Perceptions of discrimination are related to high levels of psychological distress, low levels of life satisfaction & happiness, depressive symptoms, poorer physical health (2), & cognitive impairment (10). Internalized racism is correlated with higher levels of alcohol use (3) while internalized homophobia correlates to higher levels of illicit drug use.

Fatalism:  Understanding one's position as a victim of oppression, rather than lessening the degree of personal responsibility, diminishes feelings of self-efficacy. This leads to a fatalistic attitude that reduces coping effort in the face of adversity (4,5) and, in gay men, is correlated to increased risk of death by suicide. 

Stereotype threat:  When someone is aware of the negative stereotypes that are applied to them, this creates expectations, anxieties, and reactions that can adversely affect social & psychological functioning (6). When a stigma of inferiority is activated for Black people in experimental conditions, exam performance worsens. Similarly, women who were told that they perform worse than men had lower exam scores than control groups (7). Stereotype threat can increase anxiety, reduce self-regulation, & impair decision-making processes and communication abilities (8).

Trauma makes it hard to trust others; it makes us want to self-isolate from friends and family, snap at loved ones more frequently, makes us more susceptible to disease and chronic flare-ups, and startle more easily. Traumatic experiences, especially ones we face daily and have little control over (microaggressions, anyone?), can lead to hopelessness and chronic mental illness. And while white cisgender heterosexuals have problems too, the problems that oppressed minority groups face have a much larger effect on their cardiovascular systems and overall health.

Discrimination and oppression are literally killing people. In a capitalist society where you are only as valuable as your economic or reproductive output (#tbt to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade), where women and minorities are barred access to equal healthcare, thus decreasing their values as workers, the cycle of poverty continues.

Ever wonder where the Angry Black Woman stereotype came from? Ever think that maybe her anger was justified?

While this article focuses on Black people and cishet white gay men, let's remember the overall message: experiencing oppression (external and internalized) causes mental and physical health problems that are NOT YOUR FAULT. These experiences are compounded at the intersections of our marginalized identities which further aggravates the tangible effects of systemic oppression. And guess what? You deserve fucking better.

Click here for some self-care ideas and techniques!

Sources

1.  Krieger N. & Sidney S. Racial and discrimination: risk factors for high blood pressure? Social Science & Medicine. 1990; 30 (12): 1273-81.

2. Williams & Chung, in press (NSBA)

3. Taylor, R. J., & Chatters, L. M. (1991). Nonorganizational religious participation among elderly black adults. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 46(2), S103-111.

4. Jones, E., & Matsumoto, D. (1982). Psychotherapy with the underserved: Recent developments. In L. Snowden (Ed.), Reaching the underserved: Mental health needs of neglected populations. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.

5. Neighbors, H. W., Jackson, J. S., Broman, C. L., & Thompson, E. (1996). Racism and the mental health of African Americans: The role of self and system blame. Ethnicity and Disease, 6(1-2), 167-175.

6. Fischer, C. S., Hout, M., Jankowski, M. S., Lucas, S. R., Swidler, A., Voss, K. (1996). Inequality by design: Cracking the bell curve myth Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

7. Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52(6), 613-629.

8. Inzlicht, M., Kang, S. K. (2010). Stereotype threat spillover: How coping with threats to social identity affects aggression, eating, decision making, and attention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(3), 467-481.

9. Lewis, T. T., Barnes, L. L., Bienias, J. L., Lackland, D. T., Evans, D. A., Mendes de Leon, C. F.(2009). Perceived discrimination and blood pressure in older African American and White adults. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 64A(9), 1002-1008.

10. Barnes, L. L., Lewis, T. T., Begeny, C. T., Yu, L., Bennett, D. A., Wilson, R. S. (2012). Perceived discrimination and cognition in older African Americans. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18(5), 856-865.

11. Profant, J., Dimsdale, J. E. (1999). Race and diurnal blood pressure patterns: A review and meta-analysis. Hypertension, 33(5), 1099-1104.

12. National Research Council (US) Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life; Anderson NB, Bulatao RA, Cohen B, editors. Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2004. 14, Significance of Perceived Racism: Toward Understanding Ethnic Group Disparities in Health, the Later Years. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25531/

13. Gender differences in age-related changes in HPA axis reactivity.

Seeman TE, Singer B, Wilkinson CW, McEwen B

Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2001 Apr; 26(3):225-40.

14. Price of adaptation--allostatic load and its health consequences. MacArthur studies of successful aging.

Seeman TE, Singer BH, Rowe JW, Horwitz RI, McEwen BS

Arch Intern Med. 1997 Oct 27; 157(19):2259-68.

[celebritylive]

There were plenty of surfboards to go around to celebrate the 2019 Teen Choice Awards.

For weeks, fans voted both online and via social media for their favorite celebrities, movies, TV shows, songs, and more to win. On Sunday, the results were presented, for the first time ever, at Hermosa Beach, California, to honor those that came out on top.

Pretty Little Liars‘ Lucy Hale and YouTuber David Dobrik co-hosted the live show.

RELATED: Taylor Swift, Sarah Hyland & More Stars Hit the Red Carpet at the Teen Choice Awards

Check out the full list of winners below. (Winners are bolded.)

MOVIES

Choice Action Movie Ant-Man and the Wasp Avengers: Endgame Bumblebee Captain Marvel Men in Black: International Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse

Choice Action Movie Actor John Cena – Bumblebee Robert Downey Jr. – Avengers: Endgame Chris Evans – Avengers: Endgame Chris Hemsworth – Avengers: Endgame, Men in Black: International Samuel L. Jackson – Captain Marvel Paul Rudd – Ant-Man and the Wasp, Avengers: Endgame

Choice Action Movie Actress Scarlett Johansson – Avengers: Endgame Brie Larson – Captain Marvel/Avengers: Endgame Evangeline Lilly – Ant-Man and the Wasp  Hailee Steinfeld – Bumblebee Zoe Saldana – Avengers: Endgame Tessa Thompson – Men in Black: International 

Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy Movie Aladdin Aquaman Dark Phoenix Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald Mary Poppins Returns Shazam!

Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasty Movie Actor James McAvoy – Dark Phoenix Jason Momoa – Aquaman Lin-Manuel Miranda – Mary Poppins Returns Mena Massoud – Aladdin Will Smith – Aladdin Zachary Levi – Shazam!

Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy Movie Actress Amber Heard – Aquaman Emily Blunt – Mary Poppins Returns Katherine Waterston – Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald Keira Knightley – The Nutcracker and the Four Realms Naomi Scott – Aladdin Sophie Turner – Dark Phoenix

Choice Drama Movie  After Bohemian Rhapsody Breakthrough Five Feet Apart The Hate U Give To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before

Choice Drama Movie Actor Bradley Cooper – A Star Is Born Cole Sprouse – Five Feet Apart Hero Fiennes Tiffin – After Noah Centineo – To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before Rami Malek – Bohemian Rhapsody Taron Egerton – Rocketman

Choice Drama Movie Actress  Amandla Stenberg – The Hate U Give Chrissy Metz – Breakthrough Haley Lu Richardson – Five Feet Apart Josephine Langford – After Lady Gaga – A Star Is Born Lana Condor – To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before

Choice Comedy Movie Crazy Rich Asians Instant Family Isn’t It Romantic Little Pokémon Detective Pikachu The Perfect Date

Choice Comedy Movie Actor Henry Golding – Crazy Rich Asians Kevin Hart – Night School Liam Hemsworth – Isn’t It Romantic Mark Wahlberg – Instant Family Noah Centineo – The Perfect Date Ryan Reynolds – Pokémon Detective Pikachu

Choice Comedy Movie Actress Awkwafina – Crazy Rich Asians Constance Wu – Crazy Rich Asians Laura Marano – The Perfect Date Marsai Martin – Little Rebel Wilson – Isn’t It Romantic Tiffany Haddish – Night School

Choice Movie Villain Johnny Depp – Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald Josh Brolin – Avengers: Endgame Jude Law – Captain Marvel Mark Strong – Shazam! Marwan Kenzari – Aladdin Patrick Wilson – Aquaman

Choice Summer Movie  Late Night Murder Mystery Spider-Man: Far From Home The Last Summer Toy Story 4 Yesterday 

Choice Summer Movie Actor  KJ Apa – The Last Summer Corey Fogelmanis – Ma Tom Holland – Spider-Man: Far From Home Charles Melton – The Sun Is Also a Star Himesh Patel – Yesterday Adam Sandler – Murder Mystery

Choice Summer Movie ActressJennifer Aniston- Murder Mystery Selena Gomez – The Dead Don’t Die Mindy Kaling – Late NightMaia Mitchell –The Last Summer Yara Shahidi – The Sun Is Also a StarZendaya – Spider-Man: Far From Home

TV

Choice Drama TV Show  Good Trouble Marvel’s Runaways Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists Riverdale Star The Resident

Choice Drama TV Actor Adam Huber – Dynasty Cole Sprouse – Riverdale Justin Hartley – This Is Us KJ Apa – Riverdale Oliver Stark – 9-1-1 Sterling K. Brown – This Is Us

Choice Drama TV Actress Camila Mendes – Riverdale Cierra Ramirez – Good Trouble Lili Reinhart – Riverdale Maia Mitchell – Good Trouble Ryan Destiny – Star Sofia Carson – Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists

Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Show Charmed Chilling Adventures of Sabrina Legacies Shadowhunters Supernatural The 100

Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actor Aubrey Joseph – Marvel’s Cloak & Dagger Bob Morley – The 100 Dominic Sherwood – Shadowhunters Harry Shum Jr. – Shadowhunters Jared Padalecki – Supernatural Ross Lynch – Chilling Adventures of Sabrina

Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress  Danielle Rose Russell – Legacies Ellen Page – The Umbrella Academy Katherine McNamara – Shadowhunters Kiernan Shipka – Chilling Adventures of Sabrina Melonie Diaz – Charmed Olivia Holt – Marvel’s Cloak & Dagger

Choice Action TV Show Arrow DC’s Legends of Tomorrow Gotham MacGyver Supergirl The Flash

Choice Action TV Actor  Ben McKenzie – Gotham Brandon Routh – DC’s Legends of Tomorrow Brenton Thwaites – Titans Grant Gustin – The Flash Lucas Till – MacGyver Stephen Amell – Arrow

Choice Action TV Actress Candice Patton – The Flash Danielle Panabaker – The Flash Emily Bett Rickards – Arrow Gabrielle Union – L.A.’s Finest Jessica Alba – L.A.’s Finest Melissa Benoist – Supergirl

Choice Comedy TV Show  black-ish Brooklyn Nine-Nine Fuller House Jane the Virgin One Day at a Time The Big Bang Theory

Choice Comedy TV Actor  Andy Samberg – Brooklyn Nine-Nine Anthony Anderson – black-ish Daniel Radcliffe – Miracle Workers Jaime Camil – Jane the Virgin Jim Parsons – The Big Bang Theory Marcel Ruiz – One Day at a Time

Choice Comedy TV Actress Candace Cameron Bure – Fuller House Gina Rodriguez – Jane the Virgin Kaley Cuoco – The Big Bang Theory Nina Dobrev – Fam Sarah Hyland – Modern Family Yara Shahidi – black-ish

Choice TV Villain Adam Scott – The Good Place Cameron Monaghan – Gotham Jon Cryer – Supergirl Luke Baines – Shadowhunters Sarah Carter – The Flash Sea Shimooka – Arrow

Choice Reality TV Show  America’s Got Talent Keeping Up with the Kardashians Lip Sync Battle Queer Eye The Masked Singer The Voice

Choice Throwback TV Show  All That Beverly Hills, 90210 Friends Moesha The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air The Office

Choice Summer TV Show Cobra Kai Nailed It! So You Think You Can Dance Stranger Things The Bold Type Younger

Choice Summer TV Actor Gaten Matarazzo — Stranger Things Caleb McLaughlin — Stranger Things Luka Sabbat — Grown-ish Noah Schnapp — Stranger Things Diego Tinoco — On My Block Finn Wolfhard — Stranger Things

Choice Summer TV Actress Chloe Bennet — Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Millie Bobby Brown — Stranger Things Hilary Duff — Younger Jessica Marie Garcia — On My Block Rose McIver — iZombie Yara Shahidi — Grown-ish

MUSIC

Choice Male Artist  Ed Sheeran Khalid Lil Nas X Post Malone Shawn Mendes

Choice Female Artist Ariana Grande Billie Eilish Cardi B Halsey Lauren Jauregui Taylor Swift

Choice Music Group  5 Seconds of Summer Jonas Brothers Panic! at The Disco PRETTYMUCH The Chainsmokers Why Don’t We

Choice Country Artist Brett Young Dan + Shay Kacey Musgraves Kane Brown Kelsea Ballerini Thomas Rhett

Choice Latin Artist Bad Bunny Becky G. CNCO Daddy Yankee J Balvin Maluma

Choice R&B/ Hip-Hop Artist Cardi B Drake Nicki Minaj Normani Post Malone Travis Scott

Choice Rock Artist AJR Cage the Elephant Imagine Dragons lovelytheband Panic! at the Disco twenty one pilots

Choice Song: Female Artist Ariana Grande – “7 Rings” Billie Eilish – “Bad Guy” Lauren Jauregui – “Expectations” Taylor Swift (feat. Brendon Urie of Panic! at the Disco) – “ME!” Katy Perry – “Never Really Over” Halsey – “Nightmare”

Choice Song: Male Artist Khalid – “Better” Shawn Mendes – “If I Can’t Have You” Lil Nas X – “Old Town Road” Travis Scott – “SICKO MODE” Louis Tomlinson – “Two of Us” Post Malone – “Wow.”

Choice Song: Group Imagine Dragons – “Bad Liar” BLACKPINK – “DDU-DU DDU-DU” 5 Seconds of Summer – “Easier” Panic! At The Disco – “Hey Look Ma, I Made It” Jonas Brothers – “Sucker” Why Don’t We – “8 Letters”

Choice Pop Song  Sam Smith & Normani – “Dancing With A Stranger” Ed Sheeran & Justin Bieber – “I Don’t Care” Taylor Swift (feat. Brendon Urie of Panic! At The Disco) – “ME!” Jonas Brothers – “Sucker” Ava Max – “Sweet but Psycho” Ariana Grande – “thank u, next”

Choice Country Song Maren Morris – “GIRL” Kane Brown – “Good as You” Thomas Rhett – “Look What God Gave Her” Kelsea Ballerini – “Miss Me More” Kacey Musgraves – “Rainbow” Dan + Shay – “Speechless”

Choice Electronic/Dance Song Zedd & Katy Perry – “365” The Chainsmokers & Bebe Rexha – “Call You Mine” Ellie Goulding, Diplo, & Red Velvet – “Close to Me (Red Velvet Remix)” Mark Ronson (feat. Camila Cabello) – “Find U Again” Marshmello & Bastille – “Happier” The Chainsmokers & 5 Seconds of Summer – “Who Do You Love”

Choice Latin Song Ozuna, Daddy Yankee J Balvin (feat. Farruko, Anuel AA) – “Baila Baila Baila” ROSALÍA, J Balvin & El Guincho – “Con Altura” Daddy Yankee & Katy Perry – “Con Calma (feat. Snow)” Bad Bunny (feat. Drake) – “MIA” CNCO – “Pretend” Nicky Jam & Ozuna – “Te Robaré”

Choice R&B/Hip-Hop Song Meek Mill (feat. Drake) – “Going Bad” Lil Nas X (feat. Billy Ray Cyrus) – “Old Town Road ” Mustard & Migos – “Pure Water” Post Malone & Swae Lee – “Sunflower (Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse)” Khalid – “Talk” Post Malone – “Wow.”

Choice Rock Song  AJR – “100 Bad Days” Panic! At The Disco – “Hey Look Ma, I Made It” Bastille – “Joy” Imagine Dragons – “Natural” Cage The Elephant – “Ready To Let Go” lovelytheband – “These Are My Friends”

Choice Breakout Artist  Billie Eilish HRVY Juice WRLD Lil Nas X Lizzo ROSALÍA

Choice International Artist BLACKPINK BTS CNCO EXO Little Mix NCT 127

Choice Collaboration BTS (feat. Halsey) – “Boy With Luv” Sam Smith & Normani – “Dancing with a Stranger” Ed Sheeran & Justin Bieber – “I Don’t Care” Lil Nas X (feat. Billy Ray Cyrus) – “Old Town Road ” Lady Gaga & Bradley Cooper – “Shallow” Julia Michaels (feat. Niall Horan) – “What A Time”

Choice Summer Song“Cool” – Jonas Brothers “Easier” – 5 Seconds of Summer “Señorita” – Shawn Mendes and Camila Cabello “Summer Days” – Martin Garrix feat. Macklemore & Patrick Stump “Truth Hurts” – Lizzo “You Need to Calm Down” – Taylor Swift

Choice Summer Male Artist Daddy Yankee Shawn Mendes Lil Nas X Drake DJ Khaled Khalid

Choice Summer Female ArtistAva Max Halsey Julia Michaels Katy Perry Lizzo Taylor Swift

Choice Summer Group5 Seconds of Summer Jonas Brothers Little Mix Panic! at the Disco The Chainsmokers Why Don’t We

Choice Summer TourAriana Grande – Sweetener World Tour Billie Eilish – When We All Fall Asleep Tour Blackpink – Blackpink 2019 World Tour (In Your Area) BTS – BTS World Tour Love Yourself: Speak Yourself Jennifer Lopez – It’s My Party Shawn Mendes – Shawn Mendes: The Tour

Choice Song from a Movie “A Whole New World” (End Title), Aladdin – Zayn and Zhavia Ward “Broken & Beautiful,” UglyDolls – Kelly Clarkson “Carry On,” Pokémon Detective Pikachu – Kygo and Rita Ora “Don’t Give Up On Me,” Five Feet Apart – Andy Grammer “Shallow,” A Star Is Born – Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga “Sunflower,” Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse – Post Malone and Swae Lee

DIGITAL

Choice Female Web Star Madison Beer Emma Chamberlain Eva Gutowski Liza Koshy Lilly Singh Maddie Ziegler

Choice Male Web Star David Dobrik The Dolan Twins Ryan Higa Guava Juice MrBeast Brent Rivera

Choice Comedy Web Star Colleen Ballinger CalebCity The Dolan Twins Gabbie Hanna Lele Pons Liza Koshy

Choice Social Star Noah Centineo Kylie Jenner Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson Will Smith Taylor Swift Chrissy Teigen

Choice Music Web Star Asher Angel Chloe x Halle Loren Gray Annie LeBlanc Johnny Orlando Hayden Summerall

Choice Fashion/Beauty Web Star James Charles Summer McKeen Hannah Meloche Bethany Mota Nikkie de Jager Mackenzie Ziegler

Choice Gamer DanTDM Jacksepticeye Ninja Ryan Ohmwrecker PewDiePie SSSniperWolf

Choice YouTuber Erika Costell David Dobrik Kian and Jc Merrell Twins Niki and Gabi Sam and Colby

MISCELLANEOUS

Choice Fandom Ariana Grande – Arianators Blackpink – Blinks BTS – BTSArmy CNCO – CNCOwners Selena Gomez – Selenators Taylor Swift – Swifties

Choice Ship  Katherine McNamara & Dominic Sherwood – Shadowhunters Lady Gaga & Bradley Cooper – A Star Is Born Lana Condor & Noah Centineo – To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before Laura Marano & Noah Centineo – The Perfect Date Lili Reinhart & Cole Sprouse – Riverdale Madelaine Petsch & Vanessa Morgan – Riverdale

Choice Comedian Ellen DeGeneres Ethan & Grayson Dolan James Corden Kevin Hart Lilly Singh Tiffany Haddish

Choice Male Athlete  AJ Styles James Harden Lionel Messi Patrick Mahomes Stephen Curry Tiger Woods

Choice Female Athlete  Katelyn Ohashi Serena Williams Simone Biles Sky Brown The Bella Twins Tobin Heath

from PEOPLE.com https://ift.tt/2KEeH9u

[sjendean-blog]

Referencing

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Eriksson, K 2018, ‘Using TIMSS items to evaluate the effectiveness of different instructional practices’, Instructional Science, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 1 -18, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11251-018-9473-1

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Marsh, S 2019, ‘Parents urged not to pull children from NAPLAN testing’, 9 News.com, April 9, retrieved 18 April 2019, https://www.9news.com.au/national/naplan-tests-government-urges-parents-not-to-pull-children/2338079e-72fa-4d7a-b70d-7ae1d5c4d73b

 The Australian Council for Educational Research 2019, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) – Assessment, The Australian Council for Educational Research, retrieved 17 of April 2019, https://www.acer.org/au/timss/assessment

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Thompson, G & Harbaugh, A.G 2012, ‘The Effects of NAPLAN: Teacher perceptions of the impact of NAPLAN on pedagogy and curriculum’, in Australian Association for Research in Education, Proceedings of the Joint AARE/APERA Conference, Murdoch University, Sydney, pp. 1 -20, https://eprints.qut.edu.au/86167/1/86167.pdf

Thomson, S, Wernet, N, O’Grady, E & Rodrigues, S 2015, TIMSS 2015 – A first look at Australia’s Results, Australian Council for Educational Research, retrieved 18 April 2019, https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1000&context=timss_2015

[jumpthroughtheages-blog]

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Haywood, K., & Getchell, N. (2009). Life span motor development. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

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[memoriaveinal]

Hampton Area Obituaries

Susan S. Clark

She was born Sept. 26, 1924, in Portsmouth, the daughter of the late H. Russell and Agnes (Emerson) Sawyer.

She attended Rye schools, St. Mary’s School in Littleton and Maine General Hospital School of Nursing in Portland, Maine. She received her bachelor’s degree from the University of New Hampshire.

Mrs. Clark was a social worker for the New Hampshire Department of Health & Welfare, retiring with 15 years of service.

She was a member of Rye Congregational Church and was active in town and district affairs. She was an outdoor person, enjoying gardening, sailing, skiing and family camping.

The widow of Ernest E. Clark, her husband of 49 years, who died in 1993, she is survived by one son and his wife, Frederick R. (CWO U.S. Army, Ret.) and Kimiko Clark of Rye Beach; one daughter and her husband, Susan and Thomas Morin of Kittery Point, Maine; five grandchildren; six great-grandchildren; and several nieces, nephews and cousins.

She was predeceased by one son, Charles; a half brother, James Perkins; and a half sister, Molly Perkins Vinton.

Calling hours will be held Sunday from 4 to 6 p.m. at the Remick & Gendron Funeral Home-Crematory, 811 Lafayette Road, Hampton.

A graveside service will be held Monday at 11 a.m. in Central Cemetery, Rye.

Memorial donations may be made to the Rye Fire Department Association, 563 Washington Road, Rye, NH 03870.

Roxanne M. Dockey

HAMPTON – Roxanne M. Dockey, 57, of 60 Hampton Meadows, died Saturday, May 1, 2004, at her home after a sudden illness.

She was born March 8, 1947, in Lyndon, Vt., the daughter of the late Raymond L. and Katherine T. (Blake) Guyer Barrett. She had resided in Brandview, Mo., Colorado and Washington state before returning to New England.

She was a 1968 graduate of Brandview High School and attended a local community college.

Mrs. Dockey began her career as a medical receptionist and moved on to become a nursing assistant working for many orthopedic surgeons and neurologists. At Penrose Hospital, Colorado Springs, she was responsible for coordinating the orthopedic nurse’s station.

She enjoyed spending time with her family, snowmobiling, camping, fishing, cooking and gardening. She attended painting classes and enjoyed arts and crafts and working with dried flowers.

She was an amateur radio enthusiast and was licensed in 1992. She supported various women’s shelters and participated in the Multiple Sclerosis annual walk. She was active in Alcoholics Anonymous and proud of her six-year milestone.

She traveled extensively to Spain, Switzerland, France and Mexico.

She is survived by her husband of 35 years, Robert W. Dockey of Hampton; one brother, Raymond L. Guyer Jr. of Taos, N.M.; one sister, Donna L. Bower of Grandview, Mo; one niece and two nephews; and several aunts and uncles.

Funeral services were held Thursday in the Robert K. Gary Jr. Funeral Home, Hampton.

Elizabeth F. Downey

RYE – Elizabeth F. (Dennehy) Downey died Saturday, May 1, 2004.

The widow of John F. Downey, she is survived by two sons, Joseph Downey of Stratham and Paul Downey and his wife, Sally of Rochester; seven grandchildren; seven great-grandchildren; three sisters, Mae Nolan of Burlington, Mass., Louise Poole of Medford, Mass., and Dorri Van Bruggan of Waynesboro, Va.

She was predeceased by one son, John F. Downey Jr.; one brother, Joseph Dennehy; and two sisters, Rita White and Helen Price.

A Mass of Christian burial was celebrated Thursday in St. Brigid Church, Lexington, Mass. Burial was in Westview Cemetery, Lexington.

Arrangements were by the Douglass Funeral Home, Lexington.

Marion E. Webster

EXETER – Graveside services for Marion E. Webster will be held Saturday, May 8, at 11 a.m. in Hillside Cemetery, East Kingston with the Rev. Daniel Weaver officiating.

Mrs. Webster, 94, of 277 Water St., died Jan. 4, 2004, in Rockingham County Nursing Home, Brentwood.

She was born Sept. 18, 1909, in East Kingston, the daughter of the late Leslie and Ada (Brown) Webster.

Arrangements are by the Brewitt Funeral Home, Exeter.

Jerry L. Schuster

NEWFIELDS – Jerry L. Schuster, 63, died Wednesday, May 5, 2004, in St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Boston.

He was born Nov. 7, 1940, in Auburn, Ill., the son of the late Carl and Grace (Hanson) Schuster.

He was a graduate of the University of Illinois with bachelor of science and master of science degrees in metallurgical engineering.

Mr. Schuster was president of Omni Technologies Corp. in Epping for 14 years where he developed many innovative processes for aluminum brazing. He began his career with Hamilton Standard Division of United Aircraft and was employed for 15 years by ALCOA Research and Development in Alcoa Center, Pa. He was later employed by Brazonics in Amesbury, Mass., Metal Bellows in Sharon, Mass., and EG&G in Salem, Mass.

He was an active, faithful member of the United Methodist Church in Amesbury; a member of the American Welding Society; The American Society of Metals; The Materials International Society; and Ark & Anchor Lodge No. 354 in Auburn, Ill.

He is survived by his wife of 36 years, Elaine Schuster; three sisters, Donna Garbacz of Waterford, Mich., Margaret Kaufman and Lynn Hunley, both of Auburn; two brothers, Carl Schuster of Albuquerque, N.M., and James Schuster of Morton, Ill.; and many nieces, nephews, great nieces and great nephews.

Visiting hours will be held Monday, May 10, from 4 to 8 p.m. at the Stockbridge Funeral Home, 141 Epping Road, Exeter.

A celebration of life service will be held Tuesday, May 11, at 11 a.m. in First United Methodist Church, Amesbury.

Burial will be Wednesday, May 12, at 11:30 a.m. in St. Adalbert Cemetery, Enfield, Conn., with visiting hours from 9 to 11 a.m. at Leete — Stevens Enfield Chapels, 61 South Road, Enfield, CT.

In lieu of flowers, memorial donations may be made to the First United Methodist Church, 140 Main Street, Amesbury, MA. 01913.

Robert B. Stockbridge

HAMPTON – Robert B. Stockbridge, 78, formerly of Exeter, died Tuesday, May 4, 2004, at the Haven Health Center at Seacoast.

He was born Feb. 4, 1926, in Exeter, the son of the late Earle R. and H. Myrtle (Brewster) Stockbridge. He lived in Exeter for many years, moving to Hampton in 2003.

He was a 1945 graduate of Phillips Exeter Academy and attended Bryant & Stratton Business College in Boston.

Mr. Stockbridge worked for the former Exeter Banking Company for many years, and also worked for Exeter Visiting Nurses.

He was the business manager for the former Hampton Playhouse for 50 years and most recently was the business manager for Act One Theatre of Hampton.

He enjoyed life and traveled extensively in the United States and Europe.

He is survived by one brother and his wife, Philip R. and Cora Stockbridge of Seabrook; three nephews, Douglas R. Stockbridge of Kennebunk, Maine, Daniel B. Stockbridge of Hampton and David W. Stockbridge of Dover; one niece, Donna L. McBride of Exeter; and several grandnieces, grandnephews and cousins.

Calling hours will be held Friday from 7 to 9 p.m. at the Stockbridge Funeral Home, 141 Epping Road, Exeter.

Funeral services will be held Saturday at — p.m. in the funeral home. Burial will be in Maple Lane Cemetery, Stratham.

Family flowers only. Memorial donations may be made to Seacoast Hospice, 10 Hampton Road, Exeter, NH 03833.

Paul Raymond LeBeau Jr.

NEWMARKET – Paul Raymond LeBeau Jr., was stillborn May 3, 2004, in Exeter Hospital, the son of Paul and Colleen (Hall) LeBeau.

In addition to his parents, he is survived by one brother, Benjamin LeBeau of Newmarket; his maternal grandparents, Dr. Kenneth and Mrs. Helen Hall of McAfee, N.J.; his paternal grandparents, Charlene and Daniel Mitchell of Newmarket; his paternal great-grandmother, Dot Emond of Newmarket; and several aunts, uncles and cousins.

He was predeceased by twin siblings, Catherine and Elizabeth LeBeau in 2000, and his paternal grandfather, Raymond LeBeau in 2003.

Graveside services will be held Thursday at 9:30 a.m. in Calvary Cemetery, Newmarket.

In lieu of flowers, memorial donations may be made to Wendell’s Wish, Therapeutic Riding Program, 95 Halls Mills Road, Newfields, NH 03856.

Assistance with the arrangements is by the Kent & Pelczar Funeral Home, Newmarket.

To sign an online guest book visit .

Arline M. Lemieux

HAVERHILL – Arline M. (LeMaire) Lemieux, 73, of 190 North Ave., formerly of Merrivista, died Friday, April 30, 2004, at the Kenoza Manor in Haverhill.

She was born in Newburyport, Mass., and had resided in West Newbury, Mass., for 30 years before moving to Haverhill.

She was a graduate of Newburyport High School.

Primarily a housewife and homemaker, Mrs. Lemieux worked in her younger years as an operator for New England Telephone and Telegraph.

She is survived by two sons, Richard Lemieux and David Lemieux, both of Atkinson; one daughter and her husband, Susan and Mark Farrell of Epping; five grandchildren; one great-grandchild; and several brothers, sisters, nieces and nephews.

She was predeceased by one daughter, Debbie Schrempf, who died in 1994.

Graveside services were held Wednesday in Saint Joseph Cemetery, Amesbury, Mass.

Arrangements were by Brookside Chapel & Funeral Home, Plaistow.

Frances J. Mason

SEABROOK – Frances I. (Jennings) Mason, 91, of 63 Adams Ave., died Sunday, May 2, 2004, in Anna Jaques Hospital, Newburyport, Mass.

She was born June 16, 1912, in Somerville, Mass., the daughter of the late Frank and Mary (Thompson) Jennings. Her parents died when she was 13 and she took on the role of parent and cared for her three siblings. She moved to Seabrook in 1953.

She was a 1930 graduate of St. John’s High School, North Cambridge, Mass.

Mrs. Mason was a real estate broker for Yankee Trader for several years. She later was the general manager of Tower Press in Seabrook, retiring after 17 years of service.

She was a member of the Seabrook Travelers and enjoyed going to Aruba, Texas, the Virgin Islands and Florida. She was a member of the Raymond E. Walton Post Auxiliary.

She enjoyed spending time with her family, cooking, and was a loyal Red Sox fan.

She is survived by four nephews, Frank Jennings of Somerset, Mass., Thompson Jennings of Atlanta, Ga., Stan Jennings of Dover and Steven Jennings of Somerville; three nieces, Irene Jennings of Nashua, Amy O’Neill of Portsmouth and Jaye Garnett of Exeter; one sister-in-law, Claire A. Jennings of Kensington; and many grandnieces, grandnephews and cousins.

She was predeceased by her first husband of 12 years, Mossie Kirk, who perished in 1953 in a fire in their apartment helping her to escape, and her second husband, Lee Mason.

A Mass of Christian burial will be celebrated Friday at 10 a.m. in Star of the Sea Beach Chapel, North End Blvd., Salisbury, Mass.

Memorial donations may be made to the Seacoast Community Action Program, 683 Lafayette Road, Seabrook, NH 03874.

Arrangements are by the Robert K. Gray Jr. Funeral Home, Hampton.

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