#the problem is i have applied in different industries so my cover letters which are usually very good are getting chaotic | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

b4nanaa · 1 year ago

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A LETTER TO ME

Dear Sonia,

Realistically, this is improbable. Writing to the past is simply impossible however I don’t have anyone else in mind I could want to write to. I can’t see how my personal experience can relate to anyone else or would be better suited for me during the start of September. So what will this letter entail? It will be comprised of the three what’s: the what of materials we’ll cover in this course, so what of its significance, and now what with how it will be applied from so on. Basically, just a reflection of all the work I did this semester so that you can learn from it.

There were three units that English Writing 112 covered. Unit 1 focused on writing an essay based off of the material we read, which was about languages. The prompt was to engage with at least one of the texts from the course, but besides that, it was a free game. The teacher gave us no requirements (from what I recall) and told us we could write whatever we wanted, provided it related to the topic and was an essay. I remember that was my first struggle. I barely knew what to write without a given prompt, rarely did I ever get a choice to decide the topic. Usually, I generated ideas based off of the requirements given to me. This time it was up to me to decide.

There were two struggles I encountered with this first essay. One being of course, I had no idea what to do. I had trouble keeping up with the due dates of drafts because I could barely write anything, and the things I did make little sense or were bland. It was because of my lack of a subject for the essay that I barely had anything to work with. The only things I did have were chunks of evidence and analyses.

I remember during peer review, the only thing I could do was cringe as I knew how choppy and incomplete my work was compared to my peers. Everyone else had a unique idea or basically seemed done. But it was peer review that helped me formulate an idea. This is something that usually helps me when it comes to my papers and during discussions with some students around me, I was able to come up with an idea.

In the beginning, we were told to write about our writing process. What inspired us? How did we write? I wrote down that I started my essays by gathering evidence before doing my introduction, and I was more motivated to write if I was passionate about the topic. By using those, I was able to fix the two issues I faced in this unit.

First was my topic. By getting inspiration from my peers' essays, I was able to connect the reading on Lost Languages to something I was passionate about, which was lost media. By doing so, I had a thesis I could go off, and thus structure my essay better. What orignally had been a barely formulated essay turned into one I was extremely proud of, and I did it all in one day before the due date. From my first essay, I learned about the importance of structure and starting with an idea/thesis. While having evidence to go off is great, you can't formulate a proper paper without a topic first.

I applied this to my next essay in unit 2, where we got to research a topic of our choice. I chose examining the Japanese animation industry because I was both passionate about anime and animation in general, and I already had some background knowledge on it. However my issue this time was there was too much. The subject is huge as it is, with a vast amount of problems and information that I could barely cover all in a span of two weeks. Not to mention I still had other classes I had to do work for so I couldn't pour all my focus into this massive research project.

When attempting to organize all my ideas into one document, it ended up being too cluttered with too many different ideas and sources. All of it overwhelmed me so much that I considered changing topics.

So what got me through it? Surprisingly, Tumblr.

Before starting the unit, we were given examples of research essays and it brought me back to the days in class when I would read tumblr blogs discussing shows or characters I was interested in. It was through this I realized I could format my essay like that. Switching to Tumblr gave me a fresh new medium to write in and things were less cluttered because I could fill it with comments. All I could do was write, and if it felt too much, I could break up my paragraphs with images or gifs that related to my topic. By writing in Tumblr, I was able to write more than I imagined and ended up with 2000 or more words. By the end, I was once again satisfied and proud of my work.

Unit 3 was both easier and challenging as well. Because I was so happy with my essay, I struggled with finding another medium I would want to portray it in. I had no interest in breaking it up into slides or time to turn it into a poster or a comic. However I knew I still wanted to do something artistic since that was a passion of mine and ended up with doing a zine, figuring that would be easier. The process of turning my work into a zine required a lot more work than expected. One was planning; what text would I include and cut out? How would I organize it so I still covered the same message as my essay? What should I draw? That in itself took me three days with a scattered mess of papers, but soon as I entered into the drawing stages, I was able to plan and build my zine.

Another constraint I faced was time. I couldn't be as ambitious as I wanted to with the drawings and some came out less polished than the others, and I resorted to printing. Regardless, I'm proud of the final result even if it still needs some touch up.

So what did I learn from all these units? Why do they matter? What did it teach me as a writer?

I think a lot of the things I learned were things I already knew, but I just had to put into better practice. I need to put more passion in my writing so I'm motivated and do a better job at organizing so the process and product aren't a mess. Switching between sites or mediums can do wonders with giving the mind a break and allowing you for a fresh start. I definitely can see me applying what I learned from this class into my future work.

Good luck to you in this class, and for the future.

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kbrooks0806 · 2 years ago

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Internship Entry 6

Career aspirations and goal setting (incl. Job Centre review)

Heading into the internship, I had no idea what I really wanted to do for a professional job, however I had always had a keen interest in marketing and events, which also translated into my love of public relations and marketing & sponsorship classes.

The importance of goal setting has been explored by Locke and Latham (2013), where it was found that by having clear and concise goals, will lead to a better understanding of a person’s characteristics and a higher level of structured output. Similarly, Zimmerman and Schunk (2012), highlighted that goal setting leads to added motivation for an individual to focus on and achieve the goals set as it will increase self-belief and confidence.

Being able to establish goals for me isn’t something I do very easily, I have always been a very casual person who just go’s with the flow and takes whatever happens. I think now given my experience at 2 workplaces, it has given me the opportunity to think about what I want to learn further such as effective marketing skills and high level communication skills, as I have developed the basics but I want to take it further into perhaps a marketing or comms role.

Attending the skills and job Centre workshop class with Janet from Holmesglen was a great experience, and it is something I am grateful for in having access to someone who has seen so many job applications and career objectives in her time. During the workshop, since I wasn’t too sure at the time where I wanted to be professionally, Janet commented on highlighting strengths and emphasizing them further through job applications and when at interviews. I have never really been a very confident person when talking about myself in the past, so by doing so, it would allow me to be more successful and more confident when interviewing for new positions and feeling more confident in the workplace as a whole. We also spoke about goal setting and having a clearer outlook on what area of work I would like to go into, in my case I decided that the marketing and sponsorship field was an interest however I was flexible and capable of building myself into a position where I would confidently go into a role after gaining more experience (leading to me interning at the Saints).

Although I didn’t have too much time to look into my CV during the class workshop, I have had exposure at the Saints to industry professionals CV’s that came through the HR department where I was interning. I asked my manager who has vast experience in the HR space about the key parts of a CV and cover letter and she said that the most important thing is to “answer the employer questions and highlight your strengths,” she also spoke about applying for any role you’re interested in as often workplaces take someone who is a good fit for them from a personality perspective rather than the experience as she said often skills can be learnt but a personality is hard to change (she said I had a great personality so it would be good for me LOL).

I think now if I went back to Janet given my 2 experiences at 2 completely different workplaces, I would be able to confidently speak about my strengths and my career goals, I would equally have no problem interviewing for a new role when required as I have had experience now in the workforce, and I know that I can be of benefit to an organisation.

Resources

Locke, E., & Latham, G. (2013). New Developments in Goal Setting and Task Performance. Routledge. Google Scholar.

Zimmerman, B., & Schunk, D. (2012). Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning. Motivation. Routledge. Google Scholar.

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cancerbiophd · 4 years ago

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I'm defending my dissertation this summer in biomedical engineering. I'm looking for jobs and postdocs, but I feel unqualified for most of them. Because I had so little funding for my research, I didn't get to learn and use some methods like PCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, etc. except ELISA and Luminex. Most job listings say you're required to have proficiency in methods like these. I would otherwise be qualified, and the research is right up my alley. Am I better off getting a postdoc for further training, or are any of these jobs actually more forgiving about your skills and willing to train you?

Hi anon! Congrats on defending soon and getting that sweet sweet PhD!

My short and sweet answer is:

Play to your strengths. Don’t let the companies hold all the cards. If you’re an expert on ELISAs and Luminex, then companies seeking candidates with that kind of experience would love you on their team, even if you may not have experience with other skills.

Apply to as many positions as you can, including the ones where you may not think you qualify 100% for, because a) a candidate checking all the requirements in a job posting is rare and b) in some cases, a company or lab would be more than happy to spend time training you on specific techniques if they think you’re a great fit for the team.

If you feel that expanding your skills as a post-doc would be a good investment for your career, then for sure also apply to them as well. It’s also always helpful and reassuring to have more than one job option in the end too!

The post-school (no matter which level) job search can be a tough and time-consuming journey, so just keep throwing your ball into as many courts as possible. Getting into industry straight out of grad school without a post-doc first is especially hard for some fields, and may require dozens and dozens of applications and interviews over many months.

Here’s the long and detailed answer:

Firstly, leverage your strengths. Outside of your technical prowess at ELISA and Luminex, these are some of the transferable strengths of hiring a PhD (no matter what field) that can benefit a company, and thus are aspects you can highlight in your cover letter/CV/interviews:

As far as basic knowledge goes, we’re experts in our fields. True, we don’t know everything, but when confronted with something new, just give us a few days, because we’re very good at getting to the nitty gritty bottom of things.

PhD’s are fast learners, creative problem solvers (especially when given limited resources, like in your situation), and very dedicated to whatever task is on hand.

And in order to do that, we’re meticulously organized, have great time management skills, and for those of us who have had undergrads in the lab, we have some experience in delegating tasks and managing personnel.

We have great communication skills: both oral (public speaking), and written (manuscripts).

For those of us who have been successful at receiving financial awards (eg. fellowships, grants, etc), we’re proven ourselves great at marketing our work.

We can take punches (criticism) and adapt well.

And we have grit. The fact that we survived walking through hell and back for 4+ years proves our dedication and commitment to hard work.

Secondly, let’s talk about job postings themselves and how they may not tell the whole story:

Some job postings may highlight the skills and goals that the candidate will become proficient in during the job, especially if it’s directly related to the company’s intellectual property. So it may not be necessary (or realistic) to be skilled in those yet.

The job posting itself may also be very broad and non-specific to the actual position (and is just a boilerplate posting the company likes to use for whatever reason), and thus may not actually include all the nuanced criteria the hiring manager/team is looking for. (I know from experience that Roche does this.)

Lastly, having a candidate right out of grad school who is proficient in every single one of the skills listed on a job posting is unrealistic. And companies know this, but they can still dream about the “perfect 1 in a million candidate” who may magically meet their wish-list. But realistically? That person most likely does not exist.

Next, here are some scenarios when a team would hire a candidate who does not necessarily have experience in all the listed skills:

The candidate can prove themselves to be a fast and eager learner of those new skills.

The candidate has other desirable skills that the hiring team would value equally (which may or may not be listed in the actual job application, but you can certainly highlight in your cover letter).

The candidate’s personality works well with the rest of the team (sometimes it’s way more important to hire someone who will get along with the current employees than someone who checks all the boxes because protocols can be taught, but personality can not be changed).

The technical skills that the job requires are not readily available or taught in a grad school setting, especially if it’s really cutting edge and/or part of the company’s intellectual property.

Bonus: the candidate has network connections within the company/team who can vouch for their talent, work ethic, personality, etc.

So, in conclusion: If a company is hiring a PhD specifically, the candidate’s transferable skills may be more valuable than their technical skills because techniques can be taught in just a few weeks or months, but those transferable skills take years to perfect. Therefore, as long as you meet the basic criteria (like education and experience level) and have experience in some of the listed technical skills, you should definitely apply.

Lastly, just to end with a few notes of realism/other misc tips:

Technical experience is still important, especially if the hiring manager is specifically looking for that in a candidate. It may also be the deciding factor between two candidates who are otherwise equal in attributes. Some hiring managers may even put those experiences higher in priority than transferable skills, like if they need someone to hit the ground running when they start.

There is less job applicant competition in smaller companies/start-ups than in big established companies. The more competitive a position, the more “sparkle” the applicant must have, such as a post-doc or multiple publications, or being an internal candidate (someone who already works there), or was referred by the hiring manager/team, etc. So, pretty tough door to crack ajar (though not impossible!)

If it’s important to you to gain more experience in more diverse research techniques, then a post-doc would be the best path to take. I normally think post-docs should not be necessary for industry, but I think in your situation it may be a really great path to take in order to learn more techniques and to see what it’s like working in a well-funded lab (the differences in opportunities and organization can be pretty eye-opening). In addition, one of the downsides of industry is that because a company has its own specific niche in the market, your repertoire of lab techniques may start getting narrower and narrower.

I recommend working with a recruiter. In exchange for a small % of your eventual salary, they will work with you to find open positions, get your application to the hiring manager, and in some cases will also help coach you in interviews. The easiest and most passive way to get in touch with one is to create a LinkedIn profile and set your status as Looking for Work (or something like that, I forgot what the exact verbage is), and usually a recruiter will personally message you soon after that.

Wow that answer was way longer than I anticipated! But I always try to dump out as much knowledge as I have because I’m hoping something there will help! Good luck anon, and congrats again on finally seeing that finish line! Please don’t hesitate to reach out again if you have any further questions.

#Anonymous #job advice

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mr-entj · 5 years ago

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Career 102: Getting a job you have no experience in

Combined with the following asks:

Hey Mr ENTJ. Do you have advice on how to move from academia into industry for someone who has only research experience? Only a CV and not a resume? Thank you!

How do you spin skills from one industry to be applicable to another? I'm a theater and English major (yes, I know) and it's been difficult finding work lately, because I am stuck living in a state where there are little jobs for that. I've worked on films, weddings, as a curator guide at a museum, and have my AA. I've had good interview after good interview, and have been outright told at three different places that I was a perfect fit. And then they went with someone else. Any advice?

Hi Mr. ENTJ I love your blog, is a great source of information for me so thanks for that! I have a question if you don’t mind. What kind of advice would you give to a graduate student who has not worked on their field during college and now is looking for a job? I’m a Business major but I’m currently working as a language teacher at a private institute (it started as a part-time job) My salary’s really good, however I’d like to start working in business but I have no experience on that :( thnks!

Hi there! I've read some of your advice to other askers and find what you say very perceptive and realistic. I'd like to ask your opinion. I have Bachelors and Masters degrees in the life sciences. I worked in academia for 2 years but my field lacked funding so I left. I have no commercial experience.I have problems getting a job because of this and most companies' resistance to hiring nonpractical grads. I want to go into consulting which is more flexible with degrees. What would you advise?

Hi mr entj! This may be a bit of a stupid question but what should I do if I can't find the job in a field(actually sub-field of a field) that I'm aiming for? I'm looking to be a concept artist but I can't seem to find any such jobs that don't require atleast a year of experience and since I'm a fresher I don't have that. In my country, there is also not a tradition of getting small student jobs so I don't have that experience either. Help me with some tips please.

Related answers:

Resume and Cover Letter Guide

Job Hunting 101

Top 3 job hunting mistakes college students make

Tips on transitioning from school to the workplace

Job interview tips

To break into a field that you have no experience in, translate the experiences in your current career into the “language” of your target career. The ultimate goal is this: make it as easy as possible for the hiring manager (and recruiter) to understand your background. People are lazy, they aren’t going to waste their time performing mental gymnastics to figure out how your obscure experience applies to their available job-- if they can’t figure it out-- your resume goes into the rejection pile. Make it easy for them.

To do that, see below.

Step 1: Collect multiple job descriptions of similar roles

The goal is to source as many overlapping skills as possible for the same role so that you can update your resume to reflect them. To illustrate this, let’s say you’re currently a school teacher but your goal is to become a Communications Manager for a tech company. What kind of skills are tech companies looking for in Communications Managers? A simple search on LinkedIn for “communications manager” yields 42,000 results:

You don’t need to read all 42,000 job descriptions, but pick 4-5 that interest you from top companies (i.e. Lyft, Twitter, Facebook, Google) of similar nature. Top companies are leaders of the pack; their job descriptions are reliably the ones that other lower tier companies will copy.

Step 2: Identify key themes

All job descriptions that aren’t scams will have sections called “roles/responsibilities” and “minimum qualifications” with detailed bullet points describing what they’re looking for in the ideal candidate. As an example, I’ll use the Lyft “Internal Communications Manager” job description above and a “Communications Manager” job from Twitter to identify the key themes.

Lyft - Internal Communications Manager

Responsibilities

Work closely with and influence key company leadership to develop and disseminate their important messages to team members, including aligning the team on our strategy, goals, and priorities (Key theme: Communication)

Own strategy and results for keeping all relevant team members informed on important org news and updates in a timely and engaging manner. (Key theme: Stakeholder management)

Provide strategic, direct hands-on support to key senior leaders (Key theme: Project management)

Proactively identify new opportunities and develop new programs to continually up level our internal communications program (Key theme: Analysis)

Successfully collaborate with cross-functional partners to execute on a comprehensive plan for seamless communications. (Key theme: Collaboration)

Maintain the Lyft voice across all communications, written and verbal, and across company leadership (Key theme: Branding)

Keep Lyft fun! (Key theme: Culture fit)

Twitter - Communications Manager

Roles And Responsibilities

Coordinate with various Twitter teams on product launches, announcements, issues and other news (Key theme: Project management)

Craft communications materials with a high degree of consistency, conviction, and strong tone of voice (e.g. messaging docs, communications plans, blog posts, statements, Tweets) (Key theme: Communication)

Drive proactive, creative storytelling around our products and the people who build them across a range of media, both traditional and non-traditional (press, podcasts, speaking engagements, video, etc.) (Key theme: Communication)

Help the team establish and maintain relationships with reporters nationally and globally. (Key theme: Stakeholder management)

Manage a high-volume of incoming queries from media covering product matters, and be able to consult and drive towards decision-making on press response during high-pressure scenarios (Key theme: Project management)

Serve as a company spokesperson in the U.S. and in other markets. (Key theme: Branding)

Draft, manage through reviews, and upload blog posts and Tweets for announcements and updates (Key theme: Communication)

Track press coverage for key announcements; identify and correct inaccuracies in stories (Key theme: Analysis)

Support team to drive proactive stories in global, local and industry-focused publications (Key theme: Project management)

You’ll notice that the same key themes will emerge for similar roles. Extract these key themes and copy and paste them into your resume. Move to step 3.

Step 3: Translate your experience and achievements to map to these key themes

From the Lyft and Twitter Communications Manager job descriptions above, we have the following 7 key themes:

Communication: Writing, editing, speaking, etc.

Stakeholder management: How to be organized and manage large groups of people of different levels and backgrounds

Project management: How to be organized and adaptable to support senior leaders with whatever they need done

Analysis: How to be a critical thinker who can spot better ways to do things (AKA performance/process improvement)

Collaboration: How to achieve success with people from different backgrounds

Branding: How to write in the company’s voice or a voice not your own

Culture fit: You need to jive with the company’s organizational culture

As a school teacher, you may not have the exact experience required but you’ve definitely done work that maps to these key themes. Use the verbiage from the job descriptions to write new bullet points for your resume:

(Key theme: Communication): Crafted and distributed weekly internal communications to 500+ students on academic updates, key event announcements, and other news in collaboration with administrative staff

(Key theme: Communication): Managed a high volume of inquiries from parents and administrative staff on the academic performance of 30+ students, provided updates and resolved concerns resulting in strong performance ratings

(Key themes: Stakeholder management + project management): Collaborated closely with senior leadership and a team of parents, educators, and volunteers to fund, launch, and manage the school’s $400,000 music program resulting in new extracurricular opportunities for 40+ students

(Key theme: Analysis): Led strategic initiative to improve academic curriculum and identified new teaching methodologies for 20 ESL (English Second Language) students resulting in an 15% increase in annual graduation rates

It won’t be a perfect fit, you will still get a lot of rejections, but your profile and background are much easier to understand to someone hiring for a communication manager role than it was before. Use your new resume as a script for the job interview to explain your experience as it relates to the role they’re hiring for.

Key Takeaways

Brand yourself for the role you want, not the role you have. Your resume and LinkedIn should contain a description of the role you’re aiming for and what skills/experience you bring to the table. If you’re currently a school teacher who wants to become a Communications Manager, then brand yourself as a “Communications leader with expertise in education, project management, and collaboration with people of various backgrounds.” This also makes it easier for recruiters to find you online because if they’re hiring for a Communications Manager, they will not be searching for a school teacher, they’ll be searching for key words related to that specific role.

Apply everywhere. You’re going to get rejected, a lot, it’s part of the process and you’re an underdog so don’t take it personally. Job hunting is a numbers game, always cast a wide net.

Progress is better than perfection. If your goal is to become a Communications Manager for the United States White House but you’re currently a school teacher, then the odds are you won’t immediately get hired by the White House. The goal here is to first break into the industry and work your way up. Accept the role that you want in a company that may not be your first choice because progress is better than perfection. Once you accumulate achievements in this role, other more reputable companies will be willing to take a chance on you.

Networking is everything. This is why human connections are the most powerful-- resumes can score interviews, but relationships build careers because hiring is about trust. If people don’t know you and your experience doesn’t inspire a ton of confidence or trust, they won’t extend an offer and commit to a legally binding employment agreement. To build that trust, use university career offices, professional networking events, internet job sites, forums, and other venues to engage and meet people. Socialization leads to trust which leads to opportunities.

#college #university #graduation #job hunting #job #work #resume #career #careers #changing jobs #academia #changing careers #faq

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bakugohoex · 4 years ago

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ANYWAYS, pardon my previous coffee rant but get ready for the crazy that was last year for me.

First off, I graduated last year. During COVID. What was supposed to be my final hurrah of school and my senior year became the kickoff for the rest of my life crumbling down.

1. I was in two choir classes as well as musical theater and technical theater. I was gonna be going on a field trip with people from those classes (and band) to Chicago for 4 days with some once in a lifetime opportunities, including performing in the Museum of Science and Industry with my choir. It was supposed to happen in April and got cancelled because of COVID.

2. I wasn’t able to afford to go to prom so I applied for a program that let 4 girls (from each school in the county) get free prom tickets, a free prom dress and shoes and jewelry, as well as getting their hair, makeup, and nails done. I had asked about it a bit too late but my guidance counselor managed to add me as a 5th so I could finally go to prom. Prom never happened but at least I have the dress still.

3. We did manage to have an actual graduation which was nice, all things considered. That was the only chance I had to have some of my friends and my favorite teacher sign my yearbook. (Although I wish I could have got more)

4. During all of this time, I was trying to join the army. That’s been my plan for life ever since I was a kid. Join the army, stay for four years, the army would cover my college tuition so I could get a degree without worrying about the money aspect of it. I’d also get to follow my dream of traveling the world and I’d be doing something big (I even almost got the job I wanted). But the army rejected me for a past medical problem because they were concerned about future complications, despite a specialist saying that there would be no future complications.

So yeah that was the craziness that was last year (at least to sum it up a bit). Honestly, I’m almost surprised I’m still standing through it but I’m here so that’s something.

i loved your coffee rant dw bby, oh darling covid really fucked up your plans at least you’re in it with others and you and your classmates can still always meet up and try and visit chicago to go watch it instead (idk how it really works) but also its good you were still able to get your dress and you can always wear for a special occasion especially because things seem to be easing a lot more, thats good that you got an actual graduation and that you were able to see your friends as well sweetheart. oh bby is there no way to talk to the specialist and ask them to email or send a letter regarding your medical heath and how you could possibly still enlist. it kinda sucks tbh that a reason you were enlisting is to pay for college tuition like idk that personally makes a shiver go down my spine because its a lot different in england than in america, but hopefully the rest of the year can work out for you baby and that especially now you can start moving forwards with everything, im always here to talk more and yeah i just want you to know that i think you’re doing fucking amazing considering everything that occured 😘💕

#bakugohoex #ask ria #🦋 anon

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mediaeval-muse · 5 years ago

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Academic Book Review

So What Are You Going to Do With That? Finding Careers Outside Academia. 3rd Ed. By Susan Basalla and Maggie Debelius. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Pp. xii + 149. $16.

Argument: Graduate schools churn out tens of thousands of Ph.D.’s and M.A.’s every year. Half of all college courses are taught by adjunct faculty. The chances of an academic landing a tenure-track job seem only to shrink as student loan and credit card debts grow. What’s a frustrated would-be scholar to do? Can he really leave academia? Can a non-academic job really be rewarding—and will anyone want to hire a grad-school refugee? With “So What Are You Going to Do with That?” Susan Basalla and Maggie Debelius—Ph.D.’s themselves—answer all those questions with a resounding “Yes!” A witty, accessible guide full of concrete advice for anyone contemplating the jump from scholarship to the outside world, “So What Are You Going to Do with That?” covers topics ranging from career counseling to interview etiquette to translating skills learned in the academy into terms an employer can understand and appreciate. Packed with examples and stories from real people who have successfully made this daunting—but potentially rewarding— transition, and written with a deep understanding of both the joys and difficulties of the academic life, this fully revised and up-to-date edition will be indispensable for any graduate student or professor who has ever glanced at her CV, flipped through the want ads, and wondered, “What if?”

***Full review under the cut.***

Chapter Breakdown

Chapter 1: “Will I Have to Wear a Suit? Rethinking Life After Graduate School” Aims to help people assess their current situation and perspective on academia and post-academic careers. Contains sections on whether or not to finish the dissertation, using your grad years wisely, myths about post-academic careers, and questions to ask yourself about your gad work and your future.

Chapter 2: “How Do I Figure Out What Else to Do? Soul-Searching Before Job Searching” Overviews some self-evaluation exercises and some industries.

Chapter 3: “Asking the Big Questions: How to Figure Out If You Want Them and If They Want You” Contains advice on how to research organizations before sending out resumes, how to network, etc. Also contains discussion on how internships, part-time jobs, and volunteer work can help.

Chapter 4: “This Might Hurt a Bit: Turning a CV Into a Resume” Advice for writing a resume and a cover letter.

Chapter 5: “Sweaty Palms, Warm Heart: Hot to Turn an Interview Into a Job” Advice for job interviews.

Reviewer Comments: This book is basically a self-help guide to making the switch from academic job to non-academic (or “post-academic,” as the authors call it) job. With the academic job market the way it is, a book like this is very necessary: not all PhDs will find a TT job, so it’s important to look at options outside higher ed and think critically about how your skills can be transferred.

Overall, the core advice in this book was fine. The authors rightfully point out that many grad students have a number of assumptions about non-academic work, and acknowledge that there are a lot of complicated emotions bound up with the decision about whether or not to continue in higher education. There are also some useful tips on how to write a resume and cover letter, including some examples.

But as useful as I found these things, I’m going to be frank: I didn’t find anything that set this book apart from general job searching advice I read online or teach my undergraduates. Things like knowing your values, tailoring your resume, networking, etc. are all pretty standard tips for a job search. The major thing that made this book specific to PhDs is that the authors threw in some anecdotes and made references to being anxious about your dissertation.

The major thing that made this book unpleasant for me was that I found the tone insufferable. Phrases that assumed what I was thinking/feeling as well as the attempt to "cute-sify" real world problems (for example, by showing a diagram of a grad student's brain with things like "ramen," "Prozac," and "cute undergrad" taking up mental space - without any acknowledgement of the things that underlie those issues) came off less relatable and more patronizing than I think was intended. For example, there’s a section which advises PhDs to start networking (as if we don’t already do that at conferences, at professional events, etc.) by saying “You didn’t think you could get through a career guide without hearing about networking, did you? You are probably dreading what comes next.” Excuse me? Moreover, the idyllic “everything will be fine as long as you put in the work and change your attitude” attitude really didn’t work for me - though the authors defend their approach as “enthusiastic” and dismiss those who criticize them for “naive optimism,” I felt like it ignored my anxieties rather than alleviated them. Fear you’ll lose your identity outside of grad school? Here’s an anecdote about someone who “got over their elitism” and is fine now! While I get that the authors want to inspire positivity, and yes, many PhDs do find success and happiness outside of academia, the “think positive and apply yourself” mentality is the same pep talk I’ve been hearing since I was young. I much preferred the book’s more down-to-earth moments, such as the authors’ honesty about how most people change careers a lot or compromise on their values when finding employment, or the practical advice like how to assess your strengths and skills.

Speaking of the anecdotes, some people may find them comforting, while some people (like me) might find them frustrating. A lot of them painted a picture of a happy life in which PhDs found their perfect careers after some soul searching. For example, there was one about a man who became a CEO after leaving academia in 1975 and working his way up until he got the position in 1990. There was another about a PhD who became a private investigator, and her story included comparisons between the complexity of Renaissance sonnets and investigative work. Maybe I just don’t know much about PI work, but I felt like I was reading the plot of one of those shows where a professor or writer helps the police solve crime. I also didn’t appreciate the stories in which PhDs took a major gamble, such as becoming an entrepreneur or writing a screenplay or going to law or library school and accruing more student loan debt. In short, some of these anecdotes were helpful, but many of them felt out of touch and didn’t do much to make me feel less alone.

Finally, the fact that this book was aimed at all PhDs - regardless of field - made for advice that was way too general. I feel like trying to find a job as someone with a background in the sciences will be significantly different for someone with a background in the humanities, particularly when it comes to marketable skills. The fact that the authors gave blanket advice like “tailor your resume” and “volunteer while you’re in grad school to build skills” further highlighted how this book wasn’t necessarily offering anything different than other job search websites or books. I would have liked to see some advice that was directed at various sub-fields. For example, what kinds of transferable skills do humanities PhDs have that they might not realize? Having a chapter filled with links to various personality quizzes or self-evaluation websites is not that helpful - I can Google those things.

While I’m sure this book will be helpful to some, it personally did nothing for me. I’m trying not to be snobbish, but when you strip away the anecdotes, there just isn’t much that sets it apart from other career advisory books or websites.

Honestly, I much prefer free websites such as Imagine PhD than this book.

Recommendations: I would recommend this book if

you’re a graduate student who has become disillusioned with academia or who is having trouble finding meaningful employment in higher education

you’re a PhD who wants to leave academia

you’re an undergraduate questioning whether or not you want to go to grad school

#book reviews #academic book reviews

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shenlongshao · 5 years ago

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GGS Redesign Analysis: Zato=One

Hello!^_^ Welcome to the continuation of my redesign analysis of the Guilty Gear characters. Here is the links to the previous ones if you haven’t seen them. https://shenlongshao.tumblr.com/post/189263935197/gg-strive-thoughts-part-3 and https://shenlongshao.tumblr.com/post/190417510842/ggs-redesign-analysis-faust The latest trailer for Guilty Gear Strive reveals two legacy characters; Millia Rage and Zato! Most of us aren’t really surprised when thinking about the past character reveals. Since Tumblr is a bit weird with image posting for me, I’m doing the pair separately instead of together starting with Zato. ZATO=ONE ----------------- The reactions for Zato’s reveal has mostly been positive with saying how handsome he looks and his extra muscles. Although there’s still the comment of “just like Potemkin, he looks exactly the same.” He didn’t receive a huge redesign, but there are some noticeable tweaks to his look, especially when compared to the past, starting with GG: The Missing Link.

Zato’s design has the mixture of being timeless and mysterious with a hint of style. His long blonde hair is sleeked backward with the exception of a single strand that lays on the side of his face. A red blindfold with a black belt covers his eyes, which is the most unique aspect of his look, since it perfectly displays Zato doesn’t have his eyesight. A leather choker is worn around his neck and a sleeveless, spandex bodysuit that conveys of his alluring charm and his occupation as the leader of the Assassin’s Guild. His form-fitting leather arm warmers displays his dandyism philosophy while his combat boots creates an air of a commanding presence. Finishing the look is a simple black belt around his waist. This fits his storyline of how in the past, Zato’s harsh upbringing forces him to adapt the traits of being shrewd, ruthless, and cunning. In exchange of being recognized as a valuable member of the Assassin’s Guild, he performed a life-threatening ritual in exchange of a great power called a Forbidden Beast. For Zato, he gained the ability to manipulate shadows(a.k.a his partner Eddie). There is still hints of his caring and compassionate side, especially to those like Millia and Venom. But Zato’s pride and greed for power lead to his demise with Eddie taking over his body. Although his design isn’t as detailed as many of the other characters, I still think it’s iconic. The style of his clothing reminds of the 90s Marvel style of designing characters wearing spandex in 1 or 2 color schemes. In GGX, his look didn’t really change except for an additional hair strand resting on the other side of his face. The biggest story development is in GGXRD SIGN when the Conclave used the art of resurrection on him(as a test subject since their true purpose was to revive Justice), but has almost no emotion except for wanting to protect Millia. Thus, he received some minor tweaks to his design.

The first is the belt securing his red blindfold is no longer a standard one. This time it’s a clip buckle type belt, which gives a more stylish look. In the center of his chest and on the hand part of his arm warmers is a decorative, light gray emblem that shows some elegance. There’s another small, but noticeable change; the belt around his waist.

There’s more detail like the holes around the strap and the center of belt having a hint of silver along with the yellowish-gold trim. The belt itself is also a bit larger as it rests around his hips instead of the waist. Zato’s primary colors is black with some red. But this time, there’s some gray added so let’s look at the color personality for each. Color Personality for Black: https://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/personality-color-black.html Prestige and power are important to you. You are independent, strong-willed and determined and like to be in control of yourself and situations. You may appear intimidating to even your closest colleagues and friends, with an authoritarian, demanding and dictatorial attitude. With a personality color black, you may be looking for protection from any negativity that surrounds you. You may wish to create an aura of mystery and intrigue, as in the sexy black negligee. You are methodical in your work, making sure everything is completed as required, down to the last detail. Color Personality of Red: https://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/personality-color-red.html You are action oriented and physically active - sex is a necessity to you - you have strong survival instincts.With a favorite color red, you like to be the center of attention - in fact all reds crave attention - other people are drawn to the vitality and sense of excitement you emit. You are ambitious and competitive and like to be the winner - you are achievement orientated and second place is not good enough for you. With you it is all or nothing. You usually gain the respect of others quite easily with your practical and grounded attitude and ability to set boundaries. Lovers of red are the explorers and pioneers of the world, the entrepreneurs and builders who like to be first in discovering new physical realms. You do not procrastinate - you never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.You are a hard worker when you have a personality color red, and you specifically enjoy physical labor and working with your hands. Red people can be aggressive and easy to anger, often exhibiting a violent temper - this is negative passion and energy. You flare up instantaneously but calm down quite quickly once you get it out of your system and then forget it ever happened - you do not hold a grudge. You have a strong need for power and control which is connected to your basic survival instincts. Color Personality of Gray: https://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/personality-color-gray.html If this is your favorite color, you are neutral about life, often to the point of being indifferent. If you love gray, you are trying to protect yourself from the chaotic outside world, even to the point of isolating yourself from others, leaving you with the feeling that you don't really fit in or belong anywhere. Being a personality color gray, you are attracted to this neutral, non-emotional color as it controls and contains your energy - you just don't show excitement or enthusiasm about anything much in your life. With a personality color gray you may be a self-sufficient, unemotional dedicated worker in your business life and a lonely indecisive person in your private life. These describe Zato well, especially in his current state of how gray applies to him. Now to look at his GG Strive design starting his face.

Zato’s hairstyle is asymmetrical instead of sleeked back like in the previous GG games, enhancing his already handsome features. The design of the blindfold and belt concealing his eyes is the same, though there is the engraved emblem on its center. Here is a link to see the image bigger to see it along with other details. https://i.imgur.com/z0tlG4I.png You can also see in closer view how Zato’s attire is a tactical stealth bodysuit instead of the traditional, sleeveless spandex from before. There’s brown straps acting as the trim of where the sleeves would begin along with some armor panels on his body. His choker is replaced as a buckle that connects the tactical bodysuit and the collar is slightly loose. Now to see a full body of his design.

This also better illustrates how what he’s wearing is a tactical bodysuit because the lines present on his upper thighs, the belt straps, the detail added on his arm warmers, and his new belt resting on his hips. Besides it also being brown, there’s the addition of pockets on each side. There’s also something written in the back from this next picture below.

I added arrows to point his belt, the detail on the back of his bodysuit, and his boots. Due to the picture quality, it’s currently somewhat hard to see what it says. But some of the letters are obviously “Mill-X”(not sure of the letter after M, but looks like an “i”). His boots is also a different style of it having straps instead of red shoe strings to tie the combat boots in the front. Although Zato always have been combat ready, the tactical stealth bodysuit conveys extra preparation of whatever will happen next along with his role in the Assassin’s Guild. I notice there’s some brown added to his color scheme, so let’s look at the meaning of it.~ Color Personality of Brown: https://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/personality-color-brown.html If you are a personality color brown, you are sensual, warm and supportive. Others are comfortable in your presence and find it easy to open up to and confide in you. You are hard-working, industrious and reliable. You take life seriously but have a subtle dry sense of humor. You tend not to be carefree and spontaneous. You prefer to know exactly what is going on before you commit - no surprise parties for you! You feel uncomfortable about losing control but will work hard to change a situation that seems unjust or unfair. You have a strong need for security and a sense of belonging, which is why your family is so important to you. You can be quite contemplative, working out problems and becoming quite absorbed until you find a solution. Considering what Zato’s character development may lead to and the path of regaining and renewing his emotions and himself as a person. Despite seemingly lost all sense of feeling, his love for Millia triggers the part of him that’s caring and protective so I think more of Zato’s traits may be shown. Brown perfectly displays this aspect of him along with complimenting black. Zato’s redesign is mainly a tweak to his established look rather than a complete change. Although I’m surprised he didn’t wear the coat like in Revelator, I’m glad the essence of his design is kept. Sometimes, a radical redesign isn’t necessary, especially if it’s not going to be as good or better than the original. I think his look is perfect. Rating: S + + +(Dandy!~) Honorable mention is his Forbidden Beast name “Eddie”. Although Eddie’s form is typically a demon, he is a shadow parasite that can shape-shift in various forms. So instead I think it’s more accurate to say he morphed into his current look rather than “redesigned”. This post is super late, but next time will be the redesign analysis of Millia Rage!^_^

#guilty gear strive #guilty gear #zato #zato=one #character analysis

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mr-entj · 6 years ago

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Job Hunting 101

Combined with the following asks:

I feel like I’ve sent in hundreds of job applications to companies and haven’t gotten a signal response. Do you have any advice for someone in my position? It’s getting ridiculous to the point I’m demoralized and losing hope it’ll get better

Hey Mr. ENTJ! I don’t have a clue what I’m doing wrong with applying to jobs in the fashion industry. Do you recommend going back to school or getting a credential? What should I do to get more looks at my resume?

How important are grades when it comes to hiring?

Do you have any advice for young adults looking for a job when times are difficult? I’m 26 years old and I haven’t had a job yet due to my country being still affected by the 2008 crisis, besides my hometown is on the top 3 with highest unemployed citizens. My parents are good and support and inspire me to keep studying but I cannot stand this situation anymore, I have low tolerance to feel dependent on others.

If you’re having issues finding a job, know that you’re not alone but it’s critical to first understand the general problem before hammering away at solutions.

The problem

Before you submit a single job application, understand first that companies tend to all follow the same line of thinking when they’re hiring: “I want to minimize the chance of hiring the wrong person and I want to maximize the chance of hiring the right one.” Memorize this, everything revolves around this line of thinking.

The logic behind it is simple: hiring is extremely time-consuming, expensive, and risky. If a company screws up the hiring process and picks the wrong person then not only have they wasted time and money, they’re potentially stuck with a poor candidate they need to continue paying, they can’t get rid of, they may need to pay unemployment benefits to, and that might sue them and/or cause bad press in retaliation. Many of my followers are from Europe which has even more stringent labor laws than America when it comes to firing poor performers. It’s really damaging to make a bad hire, a logistical nightmare to get done in the first place, and a legal landmine to fix.

The solution

The solution to this problem is that you, the job hunter, need to minimize factors that signal you’re the wrong person to hire and maximize factors that signal you’re the right person to hire.

This is simple in theory, but difficult in execution. How do you minimize negative factors and maximize positive factors? Like this:

1. Academic record: Have a strong academic record. To the anon that asked, “How important are grades when it comes to hiring?” It’s important when you’re a fresh college graduate who has no work experience because grades and school work are considered pre-work experience. This increases the chances that you’re a good hire because they show how well you perform in a structured environment over a long period of time (4+ years for a bachelor’s degree).

(Insert side note because I know you’re all thinking it) No, good grades don’t necessarily mean someone is smart. Yes, they’re an imperfect way of measuring intelligence and ability but they’re data points that can inform someone trying to make a hiring decision and trying to minimize the risk of hiring a low performer. Once you’re a seasoned professional, grades no longer matter because you have professional work experience to speak for you.

2. Work experience: Have a strong professional record working for well-known companies. The more prestigious the company, the more advantageous the benefit because it shows you passed a very high hiring bar. This increases the chances that you’re a good hire because other companies have already taken a chance on you.

3. Work performance: Have a record of strong work performance by showing increasing responsibilities, promotions, and expanding roles. The best way to do this is to get promoted in the same company and having a change in title. This increases the chances that you’re a good hire because you’ve shown that you can succeed in a different environment.

4. Work examples (especially important for artistic careers): Build a portfolio of your work to showcase your ability. Buy a domain, build a website, and post your graphics, presentations, mobile apps, etc. This increases the chances that you’re a good hire because displaying what you’ve done for other companies supports that you can do it for this company too.

5. Affiliations, credentials, and certifications: Earn licenses, certifications, and other professional credentials that signal competency in your field. For project management, there’s the PMP certification. For operations, there’s the Lean Six Sigma Black Belt. For Human Resources, there’s the HRCI. What in your field says that you can do the job? This increases the chances that you’re a good hire because someone who is an expert in the field has evaluated your work and determined you met their standards to provide a certification.

6. Interview performance: Nail the job interview by answering questions clearly, confidently, and supported with evidence. This increases the chances that you’re a good hire because you can display technical and soft skills in-person, you are articulate in conveying thoughts, and you’re likable in person.

7. Culture fit: Attend networking events and knock the interview out of the park. Show that you understand the organization’s mission, goal, and methods. This increases the chances that you’re a good hire because you can fit into their organization culture, you’re on the same page as the team, and you can work productively with everyone.

8. Networking: Reach out to your personal and professional network to get referrals into companies. The majority of job positions are filled before the job listing goes public by someone the hiring manager knows, companies simply post them as a formality to cover their asses in case someone cries foul that the process was unfair. Get involved on campus with social groups, reach out to your alumni network, attend career networking events, select mentors and develop relationships, etc. This increases the chances that you’re a good hire because someone who already works for the organization and succeeds there has pre-assessed that you’re a good fit.

9. References: Get strong references from people you’ve worked for and people you’ve worked with. This is why building relationships is important because your success is not just dependent on you. Everyone that you’ve come in contact with becomes a witness who can speak good (or bad) things about your ability and character. This increases the chances that you’re a good hire because other people who have experience working with you can vouch for you.

Resources

Resume and Cover Letter Guide

Job interview tips

Do you have any experience with hiring or selecting people to be on your team? How would you recommend filtering people who not only have the skills, but the capabilities for critical thinking as well?

Common interview mistakes by MBTI type

Networking tips

Networking for introverts

#career #job hunting #work #college #college graduate #interview #faq

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best-of-b-photography · 6 years ago

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Liza Waters Reports: The Mining Industry

Today is going to be something a little different. Today is going to be about a rampant problem that existed in Pre-War Appalachia, and I finally had the opportunity to really dig in to. The Hornwrights, and the Garrahans.

As you may know, I grew up just outside of Grafton. Nice little house, had my own bedroom, lots of friends, you know, the ‘American Dream’ kind of life. As you can probably guess, my parents both worked in the mining industry. Mom worked as an administrator for the Hornwrigths at their main office, while dad worked down in the mines. It wasn’t by any means unusual, and I would dare to say that almost everybody around Grafton worked in the mining industry. You take what jobs are around, and plentiful, right? I didn’t see dad very much, he worked shifts longer than I was allowed to be awake for, and mom always came home exhausted. They both put in decades worth of their lives to the Hornwrights. I wouldn’t say either loved their job, but they took it seriously, and did good jobs. And then Ballot Measure 6 happened. Ballot Measure 6 was introduced in 2074, and proposed replacing all human workers with machine counterparts. Basically, they wanted to automate the mining industry. Both Hornwright and Garrahan claimed that by automating the industry they would be ‘saving the hard work for the machines’. Basically trying to tout that their employees would no longer have to work long hours, under unsafe conditions, but still reap all the benefits of their careers. That’s what they wanted people to believe, and hell, maybe some people believed it.

Then they started to lay off people. First it was people that were recently hired. There was no point in training new employees if they were just going to get replaced a couple months down the line. Makes sense, I guess. Then they started to lay off miners that had dedicated their lives to their jobs. After 22 years of working in the mines, literally working dawn until dusk, my father was let go. In the letter he was given, they claimed that his position was ‘obsolete’, and he was no longer needed. 22 years of his life, and suddenly he was unemployed, with little to no skills to apply to another career. At least mom still had her job, so we had some income still. Money was always tight, but she managed to put food on the table, and a gift or two for my birthday. Seven months after my dad was laid off, mom received a letter in the mail telling her not to return to work on Monday. Her position had been scrapped, and she was let off with two days notice. That was a dark time for our family, and ultimately when I decided to leave home.

Now, you may be wondering why I’m writing about this now. As far as I’m aware the Hornwrigths and the Garrahans are long dead. Or, they escaped to some pristine, million dollar bunker, where they continue to hide out today. Point is, they’re not around anymore. I took a little trip down in to the Ash Heap the other day. I’m planning on doing an article on Mole Miners, and figured that would be the best area to observe some. Now, from the Forest, if you look south, you can see three large buildings along the horizon. I never really thought much about them. I thought they would be some obscene headquarters, or really just some truly ugly modern art. Well, turns out, those giant buildings were the homes to the Garrahans, and the Hornwrights. I had to do a little digging, but managed to find access cards to both, and took a little tour through the mining tycoons old mansions.

It’s truly disgusting. While thousands of people lost their careers, because these families wanted to save a fucking buck, they literally lived in the heavens to look down at us all.

My father had rampant health problems from breathing in all of the ash from the mines, and he had to fight tooth and nail to get it covered with health insurance. My mother had to work 60 hour weeks, most weeks, because they were barely paying her enough to live off of. They took advantage of my family, and I’m sure thousands of other families, all so they could live in their mansions.

There was a saying in Pre-War America: “Eat the rich”; which basically meant if the poor don’t have enough to eat, they’ll eat the rich. With food as scarce as it can be these days, if some non-irradiated meat decide to wander out of their bunker, I can guarantee they’d be cooking on the fire by dinner.

#fallout #fallout 76 #liza waters

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pointy-hat-witch · 6 years ago

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Title: Stitches to your heart Series: KiriBakuWeek2019 Show: Boku no Hero Academia Pairing: Kirishima/Bakugou Summary: Kirishima decided to become a designer. Firstly, because of his new awakened desire to design, of course, but secondly, because of Bakugou Katsuki. A/N: Collection of works for KiriBakuWeek 2019. First time writing KiriBaku, they deserve so much love. Ha. This is heavily inspired by kirishimami's Designer AU, so please, give it a read! I was laughing and crying. It is so good!!

You can read it on AO3 if you want to! :)

Day 1 Dance / Suits / Music

Kirishima was 17 when he discovered the thing he wanted to be. His normal weekends where spent at home, either watching random movies or playing video games. His moms were mostly at work, earning money they wanted to invest in his education. An education, Kirishima didn’t know for what or where or anything else. He was grateful for them, of course, but at the same time, he felt pressure to not disappoint them. It was a dilemma he put off to think about most of the time.

So, it was Saturday evening, he was sprawled on the couch, potato chips on his stomach as he aimlessly switched through the TV channels. A flash of orange caught his eye and he stopped his thumb, hovering over the buttons of the remote control.

He ended up on some sort of news program, featuring some sort of fashion show. Kirishima raised an eyebrow. After a few minutes he gathered, it was a rather big fashion show for haute couture, runway models featuring outfits that were neither fashion nor wearable in Kirishima’s opinion. He searched for the orange tinge that caught his eyes, but when he didn’t find any indication of the color he was about to change the channel again.

Apparently, the designer changed because now another model walked onto the runway, wearing high fashion, still haute couture but with style. Kirishima could dig that. His eyes were fixated onto the fabrics, that seemed to cling to the models as some sort of second skin. Every outfit accentuated a different feature, bringing out something different.

The commentator, which Kirishima was ignoring until now, was explaining this fashion line:

“… as his first appearance. His first official fashion line works around the theme “heroes” which he tried to incorporate into his designs. He stated, his inspiration surged from imaginary heroes who have individual talents, “quirks” as he called them, and each outfit tried to maximize each talent. As we see here”, Kirishima followed gazed at the model in full armor, small exhaust pipes coming from their calves, “this outfit is titled “Ingenium” and accentuates the power of an engine.”

Kirishima stopped listening, intently focused on the models which walked over the runway after another. Each design was totally different, colors either popping in or being subdued in favor of design. It was breathtaking. Not slouching anymore, Kirishima sat straight up, mesmerized by this fashion line. His fingers twitched. In the back of his mind he saw his own designs, some fabric, some pieces of clothes he either wanted to wear himself or wanted other people to wear. He wanted to draw them, to get his ideas on paper.

All “heroes” models walked one last time over the runway, Kirishima let out a shaky breath he didn’t know he held in as he watched them. The last two models, titled as “Red Riot” and “Alien Queen”, walked down the middle and in between them walked the most handsome person Kirishima had ever laid his eyes upon.

His face was scrunched up, a deep scowl on his lips, but walking with dignity down the runway. And Kirishima finally found the orange-tinged he was searching.

Bakugou Katsuki, as the caption said, wore black slacks, a dark green dress shirt, and a screaming orange vest. He had his dress jacket dropped over one shoulder, his other hand pushed deep inside his pocket. It almost looked like he didn’t want to be there, but somehow Kirishima made out the glee in Bakugou’s red eyes. He basked in the attention and the applause he was given.

The three stopped at the end of the runway, statist A handed Bakugou a microphone, and he cleared his throat. Hesitating for only a second, Bakugou growled:

“I’ll only say this once: whoever has a problem with my designs, can fuck off. I design what I want and I know they’re fucking awesome.” And almost as an afterthought, he added: “Thanks goes to my models. They fucking nailed it.”

Bakugou flung the microphone off the stage, statist B or whoever caught it, and he turned around, walking down the runway. No one said a word, even the commentator was stunned to silence. And Kirishima laughed. He doubled over, clutching at his sides as laughter raptured from inside him. He didn’t even try to stop his fall, as he slid down the couch, rolling around the ground. He had to gasp for air a few times, eyes filled with tears.

When he finally recovered, still breathing uneven and an occasional chuckle left him, he turned his attention back to the TV but the next fashion line was being shown, not even half as interesting as Bakugou’s, so Kirishima turned it off.

He ran upstairs, two steps at a time, and plopped down on his chair at his desk, whirling around. He grabbed for papers, pencils and started drawing. He finally knew what he wanted to do.

Kirishima was 21 when his dream was finally in his reach. For the last 4 years, Kirishima filled every second with the intention to enroll in a design school. He sat down after school to design different clothes, followed up on every major fashion week, looked up designer, drove around to see smaller fashion shows.

His moms supported him wholeheartedly along the way and their money finally found their use. He spent some of them for some drives, but most of it to buy fabric to actually sew some of his designs. He wore it himself, at first, but after time his moms wore them too. Along the way, he even made the most precious set of friends.

When enrolled in college specialized courses for fashion design, of course, he moved out to live in Tokyo, thriving in the big city life, and quickly making friends with other design orientated friends. And they boosted his almost non-existent self-esteem for which he will be forever grateful.

Over the years, he followed up on especially Bakugou Katsuki. The rapidly rising star in the fashion industry. Through his father, Bakugou was exposed to the world of fashion design early on and only learned from the best. He brought fashion line after fashion line out, Kirishima tried to purchased one of the items once but almost blacked out when he saw the hefty sum, attended huge fashion shows once in a while and it was rumored, he would inherit the fashion company early on.

So, after 4 years of almost working himself into the ground, Kirishima applied for exactly this fashion company for an internship and, by some miracle, earned one of the four spots in that company. The day he opened the letter with the acceptance was both the most earth-shattering and glorious day of his life.

Before the internship would start, however, there would be a banquet in honor of new employees, not only for interns. It was a huge gala and it was expected to wear formal wear only. Kirishima knew he wanted to wear something that would impress Bakugou, not only in favor of his internship and his future work with him.

At first, Kirishima went window shopping with Mina, one of his modeling friends, to gather inspiration. It crossed his mind, to just buy a fancy suit, but was disregarded quickly for the idea to design his own suit. Therefore, he needed inspiration.

Gathering information, brain-storming with friends and family and a lot of trial and error, Kirishima was able to come up with a simple but striking design idea. He just had to execute it good enough.

It was in the evening right before the gala, when Kirishima made the finishing touches. He took a step back from his tailor’s dummy and just took in the sight. It wasn’t flashy by all means, but it was something, Kirishima took pride in. It was him, in some kind of way.

The black slacks were simple, the part he finished the fastest. They were accentuated by a red belt and huge belt buckle, adorned in silver. The highlight was the top. It had long sleeves, closed by a thin fabric at the end of the sleeves, for his hands to be almost completely covered, but giving his fingers enough free space. Over the shoulders ran a red pattern, similar to gear wheels that feathered out into the sleeves. From the left shoulder over the chest and to the right lower side, a lightning-shaped red zapped over the fabric. It was finished with a high collar, almost up to the ears.

Kirishima grinned from ear to ear. He allowed himself a minute to just basked in the sight and the feeling of accomplishment until Kaminari banged against his door.

“Dude! Are you finished? You really need to go. Like, now!”

Kirishima flinched. His eyes wandered to the alarm clock on his nightstand. Just past 7 pm. He had about 10 minutes to get ready.

“On it!” he yelled back. He stripped out of his jogging pants and top and carefully put on the dress top, pushing his hands through the sleeves and pushed his fingers through the small strap. The slacks were on in no time. The ends of his slacks were tight since his idea was to were something alike combat boots for this outfit. He rummaged through his closet and pulled out black boots with silver buckled over the foot front. He grinned. He already felt badass at it was.

After putting on the boots, he looked in the mirror and fumbled with his earrings. He pushed one end through his helix and the other end through his earlobe piercing, framing the outside of his ears in red strings. It was almost invisible with all his red hair, spiked up, but Kirishima felt it was just necessary.

He took another glance at the mirror, his chest swelled at his sight, and finally made his way outside.

It took another few minutes to calm his friends who were whooping and whistling and just overall overjoyed. It made it already worth it. They called a cab and within 20 minutes, Kirishima stood in front of a fancy hotel. The front was packed with people, paparazzi who wanted to get the first and best shot of every even the slightest noteworthy person coming up.

A lump formed in Kirishima’s throat and he had a hard time swallowing around him. He let the cab park a little bit before the hotel and the people, giving him a generous tip and got out. He beelined towards the entry and people started to notice him. With all his willpower he managed to not run away but walk as confident as possible through the crowd. It took some seconds, but then the flashes started around him. Kirishima felt his cheeks warm up and a smile formed on his lips naturally.

He walked up towards the entry, showed his invitation and was let in.

The lobby wasn’t huge, except for the ceiling which was impressing, and it was rather empty. There was a counter where jackets and bags were accepted, Kirishima didn’t have any use for that, and walked towards the double door. It was opened by an employee of the hotel with a bow and Kirishima felt oddly out of place. The room in front of him was huge. It was like a ballroom. A gigantic chandelier in the middle illuminated the whole room and where it didn’t reach, smaller lights were positioned. To his right was a long table with food, snack, and drinks, where most of the people were. To the left, the open glass windows allowed to walk outside to a terrace and a garden.

Kirishima swallowed a few times to get rid of his dry mouth. He took some steps to the buffet and took the first drink he could find, downing it in one go. Ugh, champagne. Kirishima made a face and searched for something non-alcoholic, he didn’t want to make the mistake to get drunk right away and possibly throw away his one and only shot to work at BKG Fashion.

He looked around for any familiar faces, he doubted he knew people here, but it was also a good chance to get connections. And that was when he saw the blonde spiky hair walking through the crowd. Bakugou wore his trademark scowl, a drink in his hand. Most of the people didn’t dare to get in his way, let alone speak to him, but the only ones who actually dared to, where told to “fuck off”.

Kirishima blinked and didn’t think twice as his feet already dragged him towards Bakugou. He came to a halt directly in front of him, stopping Bakugou in his tracks. His scowl deepened, even more, Kirishima didn’t think it was possible and glared at Kirishima.

“What the fuck do you want?”

“H-hi!” Kirishima cleared his throat. It was already dry again. “I’m Kirishima Eijirou, I’m gon—going to be an intern at your company. Nice to meet you.” He tentatively held out a hand.

Bakugou’s eyes widen for just a second, looked Kirishima up and down really slowly and he felt the heat back in his cheeks. Then, Bakugou scoffed, turned around and started to walk away. Kirishima was speechless. He knew Bakugou was kind of an asshole. He knew Bakugou could be pretty hard to talk to. But Kirishima didn’t work for two months on this outfit, slept only every third night, fought with his friends at times, just to be scoffed off.

“Care to introduce yourself, too?” The words came out of his mouth before he even realized.

Bakugou froze. Time stood still, but he didn’t turn around. It only made Kirishima madder. He still wore his smile, but he continued.

“What? You think because you’re famous everyone knows who you are and you can and you can ignore common courtesy?”

The next five seconds were the longest in his entire life. He didn’t hear anything around him, eyes fixed on Bakugou’s back. Then he heard something like a snort, saw a short tensing of Bakugou’s shoulders and then he left. He just left.

Kirishima died inside. Slowly and painfully. He groaned into his hands. That was just perfect. Of course, he had to finally meet his idol and then fuck it up royally.

He silently walked over to the buffet again, downed another glass of champagne and opted to send a few panicked texts to his friends, deciding to deal with everything after this evening. He picked up the last of his courage and got himself into the field. Even if Bakugou hated him now, he still was going to work in this industry and he could use every held he could get. Especially, since Bakugou hated him.

Kirishima got around fairly well, courtesy to his easy-going nature and fell into step with most conversations, laughing and actually having a really good time.

Around an hour later, he heard some uproar, a group laughed especially loud and a lot of heads turned in the general direction of the sound. Kirishima, overlooking most of these heads, spotted a small group, including Bakugou. A brown haired woman was laughing her guts out, hitting Bakugou’s back. However she survived that, Kirishima didn’t know. Apparently, she was Bakugou’s friend was Kirishima’s guess. The other two people in their group were laughing, not as loudly or as obtrusively but it was clear, they were laughing at the expanse of Bakugou who had the most ferocious grimace Kirishima had ever seen. He ducked his head and mixed into the crowd again.

The evening continued to be as entertaining as Kirishima was hoping for. He actually got some numbers, talked to a few other fashion designers who complimented his outfit and Kirishima felt all the tension leaving his shoulders.

Well, until he was suddenly face to face with Bakugou, yours truly, again. Next to him, Kirishima only vaguely sensed her, was nudging Bakugou’s elbow. Bakugou rolled his eyes at her and then held out his hand to Kirishima.

“Didn’t get to introduce myself before, I’m Bakugou Katsuki.”

His voice was still deep and low, filled with dread and menace but the usual heat was missing. It almost made Kirishima choke up. He gripped at Bakugou’s hand like a lifeline.

“Nice to meet you.” His voice came out thin through his constricted throat and it earned another scoff from Bakugou.

“See? That’s how people show “common courtesy”. Wasn’t that hard, was it?” The woman piped up, grinning widely and gave Kirishima a wink. His ears heated up and he covered it with one hand.

“I… I am so sorry. That was so unpro” – “No, it was the right thing. This little man needed to be put in place for once.” She slapped Bakugou’s back again with so much force, he had to cough.

“Shut up, round face.” He glared at her.

“Ah, where are my manners? Uraraka Ochako.” She held out her hand and beamed at Kirishima, ignoring Bakugou’s glare.

“Kirishima Eijirou.” Kirishima found his smile again, eased by the warmth Uraraka was radiating.

“Well, Kirishima-kun, I don’t want to take too much of your time alone with this famous person, so, see you around!” She waved and Kirishima could just raise his hand when she was already gone. He slowly turned his gaze back to Bakugou, who glared at the crowd, hands pushed deep into his pockets.

Kirishima pursed his lips. It was obvious, Bakugou didn’t want to be here, neither with Kirishima nor with the crowd. He grabbed Bakugou by the elbow, pulling him with him as he beelined through the crowd towards the glass doors.

“What the fuck? Let go of me, shitty hair!” Bakugou snarled and tried to yank free, but Kirishima held him with an iron grip and grinned over his shoulder.

“Relax, I’m not gonna hurt you.”

“As if you could, fuckface.”

“Chill, dude.” Kirishima laughed at Bakugou. It was new that these insults were directed at him, but not new in itself. Kirishima prided himself that he learned to distinguish between honest insults by Bakugou and those who were just some kind of default.

He pulled Bakugou, who still was struggling against Kirishima’s grip but not nearly as strongly as before, probably just to give off the vibe that he was against being pushed around, through the glass doors into the open. It was already late and the air chilled down a little bit, but the heat from within was still enough to not freeze outside. Still, most of the people preferred to stay inside, therefore, the terrace was almost completely empty.

Kirishima led Bakugou to one of the benches slightly obscured by some bushes and finally let go of Bakugous arm.

“What was that for, for fuck’s sake?!” Bakugou growled again. He looked around and then at the bench.

Kirishima shrugged, pocketing his hands, and plummet down on the bench. “It was kinda suffocating inside.” If he said outright, he did that for Bakugou, he knew his head would be flying, it was the better option to just bend the truth. It was suffocating, but Kirishima didn’t mind it that much.

Bakugou scoffed, hesitating. He kicked at the dirt and then decided, the bench was the better option, sitting down beside Kirishima.

“So, what? You wanna have a one-on-one talk with your future boss to get bonus points?”

“What?” Kirishima’s head whipped around. “No way. As if you give away bonus points.” He laughed.

Bakugou furrowed his lips but didn’t say anything else. They sat in some sort of comfortable silence for a while. The music and voices were still audible in the background, but not even loud enough to actually understand anything. They were facing the garden, which was pitch black so they couldn’t even enjoy the view but Kirishima was content. It was the best he could hope four.

“Where did you get your outfit?”

Kirishima blinked. He raised his eyebrows, hesitantly looking to Bakugou. “Made it myself?” It came out more like a question. Kirishima wasn’t entirely sure, Bakugou thought his outfit was hideous.

Now it was Bakugou’s turn to whip his head around, looking at Kirishima with wide eyes.

“You’re fucking with me.” He deadpanned, gritting his teeth.

“No, man. Why would I?” Kirishima scratched his cheek, then wandered up to his earrings to nervously play with them.

“Are these…” Bakugou trailed off, pulling Kirishima’s hand away. Kirishima held in his breath as Bakugou leaned in, his breath almost caressing his cheeks.

“Earrings, huh.” Bakugou whispered, probably more to himself, but Kirishima felt his warm breath on his ears and shivered.

“Y-yeah.” He rasped.

Bakugou probably realized he was still holding on to Kirishima’s hand and let go abruptly, leaning back again.

“Your design?” He grumbled but most of his venom was gone. That was some victory and Kirishima beamed at him.

“Yeah. Took some time, but I made it in time.” He played at his belt buckle, drove over the smooth edges with his fingers. “Is it … do you like it?” He bit his lips, not looking up. But Bakugou didn’t say anything, so Kirishima forced himself to turn his head towards Bakugou.

Bakugou was staring at him with a glare. “Why the fuck wouldn’t I?”

Kirishima blinked, slightly taken aback. “Uh? I- I don’t know? I was just asking.”

Bakugou rolled his eyes almost back into his head. “I know when I see something good. And You should, too, if you’re going to work for me.”

Almost immediately, Kirishima’s smile stretched over his face. His teeth were shining brightly between his lips and he wasn’t even trying to hide the warmth in his words. “Thanks. That means a lot to me.”

The scowl on Bakugou’s face faded for a second as he looked into Kirishima’s eyes and Kirishima swore, he could see a slight blush on his face. But it was too dark to really tell. Bakugou turned more towards Kirishima, one arm draped over the back of the bench. Kirishima cocked his head and was about to ask if Bakugou had something to say, when he felt his hand on his earring. Or more specifically, on his ear playing with his earring.

“Good choice.” Bakugou’s voice was just a bit deeper than before, but it did something to Kirishima’s stomach. Heat was filling his insides, crawling through his veins and he was sure, his ears were as red as his hair but Bakugou didn’t let go. His eyes were going up and down Kirishima again, just like the last time, but slower and it didn’t feel as if he inspected the outfit anymore. But Kirishima himself.

Kirishima swallowed around the lump he had in his throat again, but not the I-am-way-out-of-place kind of lump, but I-am-most-definitely-at-the-right-place kind of lump. He didn’t move, gave Bakugou all the time he wanted to look at him thoroughly.

“I like your suits.” Kirishima suddenly blurted out. Bakugou’s eyes snapped up and narrowed. His hand didn’t stop playing with his earring.

“My suits?”

“Yeah, like, the one you’re wearing now. Or the all … the other … ones.” Kirishima mumbled at the end, his brain catching up what he was saying all of the sudden. He slapped one hand over his face and cursed himself. That wasn’t one of his best moments.

“My suits in general or my suits … on me?” Bakugou’s voice ghosted over Kirishima’s ear and he couldn’t help but inhale sharply, gasping out air. His hand dropped down and he almost shyly looked at Bakugou from the corner of his eyes.

“B-both.”

“Mhm.” Bakugou hummed, not leaning back and Kirishima could feel the vibration of his voice. He slowly turned his head, silently thanking all the gods he could think of that Bakugou didn’t let go of his ear. He thought that he had to talk about Mina about his newly found interesting of earrings but pushed it to the back of his head.

Their faces were close, so close the tips of their noses were brushing against each other. Bakugou’s eyes were glazed over with … something, Kirishima didn’t dare to name it. At the same time, there was a challenge. Bakugou didn’t move, just staring into Kirishima’s eyes.

Kirishima didn’t hesitate any longer and leaned in. Their lips brushed against each over at first, but it was as if a dam broke. Bakugou pressed against his lips, aligning them perfectly. He tilted his head slightly to allow them a better angle and Kirishima was relishing in the feeling. Bakugou’s lips were warm and soft, in complete opposite of his cold and hard demeanor. But oddly fitting.

Their lips moved against each other and when Bakugou pulled almost tentatively at Kirishima’s earring, he let out a small gasp. Bakugou seized the opportunity and let his tongue slide between Kirishima’s lips, brushing against his teeth. Kirishima let out a shaky breath and pushed his own tongue against Bakugou.

The broke away for just a second to catch their breaths and then their lips found each other again. Kirishima’s arm darted forward around Bakugou’s waist and pulled him closer. Bakugou grunted but didn’t protest. Bakugou’s other hand found its way in Kirishima’s hair and he couldn’t care less about his hairstyle.

Kirishima didn’t know how long they were kissing. It could have been a minute or an hour. He didn’t even try to question it just enjoying the feeling of having Bakugou in his arm, his lips on his own and the small gasps he could coax from him.

Kirishima was 26 when he thought he was the happiest man alive. He stared at the mirror, pulling at his sleeves and his cufflinks as he thought back to the time he had gawked at the TV, seeing a fashion show for the first time. He thought about the time he finished his first design and then bringing it alive. He thought about his internship, it was hell on earth but the best thing that could happen to him. He thought about his work as a designer. He thought about his friends that were with him along the way.

And he thought about Bakugou. When he first saw him at this fashion show through the TV screen. He thought about how he idolized him for so long only to get told off by him the instant they first met. Kirishima chuckled. He was now fond of the memory. He thought about their first kiss that very evening on the bench in front of the garden that was pitch black. He thought about all the encouragement he received from Bakugou through his internship. Not once indulging their private lives with their professional work. It had been tough working together with the man he loved but it was worth it. Especially, since he knew, as soon as got home, he could kiss him senseless. Or Bakugou could kiss him senseless, he wasn’t picky.

He thought about the small fights they had along the way. Kirishima’s insecurities a deciding factor if he could make it in the fashion industry and Bakugou’s unwavering trust in him and his skills.

He thought about the admittedly very few vacations they had and the work they had done together.

He thought about what he loved about Bakugou. He could either make a list that would never end, or he couldn’t think of anything at all, just Bakugou. That was just how it was.

A knock on the door brought him back to the present.

“You ready, bro?”

“Yeah. Coming.”

Kirishima exhaled slowly and opened the door. Kaminari wore his best black suit and Kirishima was reminded why his best friend actually was a model. They grinned at each other. In silence they walked down the corridor, Kaminari nudging his elbow.

“You good?” He raised his eyebrow. Kirishima could see it in his eyes, telling him if you want to run, now is the time and I would be your driver.

His smile grew a little more. “Yeah, I’m good.”

Kaminari nodded and pushed open the double-winged door, walking down first. Kirishima inhaled one last time and slowly raised his head. His eyes immediately found Bakugou at the end of the aisle, glowing in his white suit. Kirishima’s smile came impossible wider.

Bakugou really does look best in suits.

#Boku no Hero Academia #KiriBaku #krbkweek2k19 #KiriBakuWeek2019 #Kirishima Eijirou #Bakugou Katsuki #Fashion AU #Designer AU #fanfiction

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seedloading679 · 3 years ago

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Ashrae Standard 70 2006 Pdf To Word

Ashrae 90.1 2010 Pdf

I am not sure about you, but for me, I always have the chance to get a shared or close-to-print document set in a wrong paper size, especially the default size of Microsoft Word – letter size. However, in my working environment, A4 is our primary document size, but somehow some documents are being prepared without changing the paper size to A4, which is quite troublesome sometimes as the spacing and alignments etc. are all different in both letter and A4 size. And also if the letter sized document printed in A4 paper, there will be a portion emptied due to the letter size. So, one best way of minimizing such problems is to create a document in A4 size as the default size. Here’s how (for Microsoft Word 2007 and above):

This standard does not apply to registers, diffusers and grilles that do not include an Air Valve or to products specifically covered by ANSI/AHRI Standard 410 or ANSI/AHRI Standard 440. Definitions All terms in this document will follow the standard industry definitions in the ASHRAE Terminology website. ASHRAE-70 pdf standard download $. PDF AVAILABLE FORMATS IMMEDIATE DOWNLOAD. ANSI/ASHRAE 70-2006 (RA 2011) Revision Level. National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare.

1) Navigate to Page Layout

2) Noticed that at the right bottom of that particular ribbon, there’s an option for Page Setup, click on it

3) In the Page Setup, select the paper size to A4, and the most important one is to click on Set As Default at the left bottom of Page Setup

4) It will then prompt you whether you want to continue with the setting, just click Yes

Although this seems to be very simple, but I believe many still missed this option, and continue creating document in the different paper size. If you use Microsoft Word, and if you use other paper size as standard size besides letter size, please do change the default setting, as it not only minimize possible problem caused, it could possibly save tree by avoiding wrong paper size printing which most likely will be wasted. Save our trees, save our Earth!

Method of Testing the Performance of Air Outlets and Air Inlets

This standard includes the specifications for test instruments, facilities, installations, and procedures and methods of calculation for determining aerodynamic performance and sound generation of air outlets and air inlets.

The test methods in this standard apply to both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.

Content Provider American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE)

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Ashrae 90.1 2010 Pdf

Those documents cannot be printed at the request of the copyright holder.

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sparklytastemakerwitch · 3 years ago

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What is a Paper Making Machine?

I know you’re looking for a paper bag machine that’s why you are here.

Maybe, you want to be a paper bag wholesaler or make branded designs for your retail business.

The truth is, paper bags are dear packages for food vendors, retailers, and even manufacturers.

But, how can you venture in this business?

Or, what is the most cost effective way of making paper bags?

Today’s guide debunks the facts behind paper bag making process and machine such basic definition, working principle, classification, design, technical specification, etc.

So stay with me to be an expert in paper bag making industry.

Let’s begin with some facts.

Apart from the other devastating problems associated with plastic bags, did you know that synthetic bag manufacturers produce about one trillion of those bags in a year globally?

Did you also know that it takes one thousand years for a single bag of this kind to biodegrade?

Yes, that’s the scariest part of it.

Due to that, most governments are imposing bans on these carriers.

The alternative?

A mega-shift to more environmentally friendly paper bags.

So basically a paper bag making machine is a state of the art machine that gathers, folds, stamps, and processes papers to produce clean paper bags.

These paper bags are for use in the packaging of goods in various industries such as food, pharmaceutical products, grocery, and baking industries.

The bag making machines come in various configurations depending on the type of bags for final production.

Therefore, the paper bag making system should be versatile enough to cater to the dynamics in the paper bag manufacturing.

Today different paper bag making stakeholders such as the machine manufacturers, raw material suppliers face a lot of shifting customer demands, government regulations, changing prices, etc.

It’s thus good only if the machine can afford the manufacturer some relief.

For that matter, it means that you need to know all the factors related to the paper bag making the machine.

Besides, all the accompanying dynamics before making a purchase.

Luckily, I have compiled all that you need to know in this article.

The history of development and use of paper bag making machine dates back to the 19th century.

During these early stages, the systems were simple and mechanically operated.

With that, we move to the next step.

Where to Use Paper Bag Making Machine

Take a moment to reflect on the occasions you use a paper bag.

Indeed paper bag forms a vital integral in our lives today.

From simple uses such as carrying random goods to more complex ones such as in pharmaceuticals to wrap up drugs.

One thing is for sure.

Without paper bag making machine, we would be missing a significant aspect of our lives.

Surely, there are numerous uses of paper bag making the machine.

Subsequently, the produced paper bags can be classified under different distinct categories depending on their purposes.

We carry stuff in them -– groceries, clothes, gifts, trash and booze. I carried my lunch to school in one until the fourth grade because my mother would decorate them with stickers and drawings. People add sand and candles to them to illuminate their neighbourhoods at Christmas. Disgruntled sports fans cover their heads with them. But how many people know where the flat-bottomed paper bag came from? Or that its invention was a triumph of feminism over patriarchy, and of brains over bullying?

For most of recorded history, containers were made of leather, wood, cotton and reeds. Paper, made by hand one sheet at a time, was a luxury, used only for books, records and letters by the literate few. In 1799, a French inventor named Louis-Nicolas Robert was granted a patent for a machine that produced rolls of paper. This invention brought paper to the masses. Soon, merchants were using rolled paper, or ‘cornucopias’, to package small quantities of goods, with predictably messy results. They also constructed rudimentary paper bags by hand, which was a time-consuming and not always successful process.

The race was on to produce a paper bag that was both sturdy and easy to make. In 1852, the American Francis Wolle received the first patent for a square bottom paper bag machine. It used steam and paste to create bags in the shape of envelopes. Though the machine became popular, the bags it produced were cumbersome and of limited use – picture a load of groceries in a large envelope-shaped sack. Still, they were better than nothing at all, and factories producing the bags multiplied. In the late 1860s, Margaret Knight, a tall, endlessly inquisitive and hard-working New Englander, went to work for the Columbia Paper Bag Company in Springfield, Massachusetts. Within a few years, her ingenious designs would revolutionise the industry.

Born in 1838, Knight’s childhood was shaped by the industrial revolution. At first glance, hers is the classic victim’s story – raised by a widowed mother, and put to work by the age of 10 in the brutally inhospitable cotton mills of New Hampshire. But from her earliest days this uneducated labourer had an agile, inventive mind. While still a child, Knight saw a fellow worker injured when a steel-tipped shuttle shot off a loom. She soon created a shuttle cover to prevent any more accidents, and her invention was adopted by her factory. In an interview with the progressive Woman’s Journal in 1872, she recalled her unconventional youth: As a child, I never cared for things that girls usually do; dolls never possessed any charms for me. I couldn’t see the sense of coddling bits of porcelain with senseless faces: the only things I wanted were a jack-knife, a gimlet, and pieces of wood. My friends were horrified. I was called a tomboy; but that made very little impression on me. I sighed sometimes, because I was not like the other girls; but wisely concluded that I couldn’t help it, and sought further consolation from my tools. I was always making things for my brothers; did they want anything in the line of playthings, they always said: ‘Mattie will make them for us.’ I was famous for my kites; and my sleds were the envy and admiration of all the boys in town.

By the time she joined the Columbia Paper Bag Company as a lowly factory worker, the 30-something, unmarried Knight had spent years as a ‘Jill-of-all-trades’, becoming proficient in daguerreotype, photography, engraving, house repair and upholstering. Spending long hours at the factory, she soon heard of current efforts to create a flat bottom paper bag machine that could efficiently manufacture flat bottom paper bag. ‘I am told that there is no such machine known as a square-bottomed machine,’ she wrote in her journal. ‘I mean to try away at it until I get my ideas worked out.’ Independent of the factory and without her bosses’ knowledge, Knight began to study the issue intently.

By 1867, she was hard at work on creating a machine that could ‘cut, fold and paste bag bottoms itself’. Her work kept her up at night, leading the manager of her boarding house to declare: ‘I saw her making drawings continually… always of the machine. She has known nothing else, I think.’ Her work on the machine also bled into her shifts at the factory. This initially annoyed her superiors – until she showed them her plans – which led them to believe that she had a ‘keener eye than any man in the works’. After a ‘rickety’ wooden model of her machine proved successful, producing thousands of ‘good, handsome bags’, she had an iron version produced in 1868. While the machine was at a Boston shop to be refined, it was viewed by Charles F Annan, a would-be-inventor of dubious morality.

Knight prepared to apply for a patent for her new machine. In 1871, she was shocked to find that Annan had already been granted a patent to the machine, which he claimed as his own. The dispute ended up in court, where the cash-strapped Knight spent $100 a day to hire a patent attorney to prove that she was the machine’s true inventor. Annan’s lawyer argued that an uneducated, self-taught woman could never have built such a sophisticated machine. He was countered at every turn by the mountains of physical evidence and eye-witness testimony Knight produced. ‘I have from my earliest recollection been connected in some way with machinery,’ Knight protested. In the end, the commissioner of patents found in favour of Knight, though officials could not resist chastising her for waiting so long to apply for her patent. However, since Knight was not a ‘man of business’, this oversight was forgiven.

On 11 July 1871, Knight was granted patent number 116,842 for her ‘new and improved shopping paper bag machine for making paper bags’. She soon formed the Eastern Paper Bag Company with a partner, and became a media darling for her revolutionary machine, which did the work of 30 labourers. The new stand-alone, flat-bottomed bags were quickly adopted by large department stores and grocers, and Knight was awarded a royal honour from Queen Victoria. In 1883, Charles Stilwell of the Union Paper Bag Machine Company, working from Knight’s patent, further advanced the paper bag with his invention of a machine that produced the Self-Opening-Sack (SOS), the pleated flat-bottomed bags that are used today.

The vivacious Knight, dubbed by one paper the ‘lady Edison’, would spend the rest of her long life – she died aged 76 in 1914 – inventing. By 2006, when she was inducted into the Paper Industry International Hall of Fame, it was estimated that around 25 billion paper sacks were used annually throughout the world.

In the past decade, Knight’s dramatic story has been told in two popular children’s books – Marvelous Mattie (2006) by Emily Arnold McCully, and In the Bag! (2011) by Monica Kulling. She is emblematic of a whole multitude of female inventors, such as Mary Anderson (the windshield wiper), Katharine Blodgett (non-reflective glass), and Stephanie Kwolek (Kevlar), who created life-changing inventions within industries – and a world – dominated by men. Their stories are important and should be better known. They can inspire future generations of girls and young women to tinker, experiment and invent.

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