#the mighty barnum 1934

[thesummernostalgia]

The Little Rascals Vol. 4 [Blu-ray]. (2022). Lincoln, California: ClassicFlix.

"You're the littlest man in the world, but you're bigger man i could ever be."

-Wallace Beery to George Brasno, The Mighty Barnum (1934)

[precodesoul]

Rochelle Hudson, 1934

[gatutor]

Rochelle Hudson-Wallace Beery-Adolphe Menjou "El poderoso Barnum" (The mighty Barnum) 1934, de Walter Lang.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 5.21

293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as Caesar to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy. 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is captured by the Muslim Aghlabids after a nine-month siege. 879 – Pope John VIII gives blessings to Branimir of Croatia and to the Croatian people, considered to be international recognition of the Croatian state. 996 – Sixteen-year-old Otto III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1349 – Dušan's Code, the constitution of the Serbian Empire, is enacted by Dušan the Mighty. 1403 – Henry III of Castile sends Ruy González de Clavijo as ambassador to Timur to discuss the possibility of an alliance between Timur and Castile against the Ottoman Empire. 1554 – Queen Mary I grants a royal charter to Derby School, as a grammar school for boys in Derby, England. 1659 – In the Concert of The Hague, the Dutch Republic, the Commonwealth of England and the Kingdom of France set out their views on how the Second Northern War should end. 1660 – The Battle of Long Sault concludes after five days in which French colonial militia, with their Huron and Algonquin allies, are defeated by the Iroquois Confederacy. 1674 – The nobility elect John Sobieski King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. 1703 – Daniel Defoe is imprisoned on charges of seditious libel. 1725 – The Order of St. Alexander Nevsky is instituted in Russia by Empress Catherine I. It would later be discontinued and then reinstated by the Soviet government in 1942 as the Order of Alexander Nevsky. 1758 – Ten-year-old Mary Campbell is abducted in Pennsylvania by Lenape during the French and Indian War. She is returned six and a half years later. 1792 – A lava dome collapses on Mount Unzen, near the city of Shimbara on the Japanese island of Kyūshū, creating a deadly tsunami that killed nearly 15,000 people. 1809 – The first day of the Battle of Aspern-Essling between the Austrian army led by Archduke Charles and the French army led by Napoleon I of France sees the French attack across the Danube held. 1851 – Slavery in Colombia is abolished. 1856 – Lawrence, Kansas is captured and burned by pro-slavery forces. 1863 – American Civil War: The Union Army succeeds in closing off the last escape route from Port Hudson, Louisiana, in preparation for the coming siege. 1864 – Russia declares an end to the Russo-Circassian War and many Circassians are forced into exile. The day is designated the Circassian Day of Mourning. 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House ends. 1864 – The Ionian Islands reunite with Greece. 1871 – French troops invade the Paris Commune and engage its residents in street fighting. By the close of "Bloody Week", some 20,000 communards have been killed and 38,000 arrested. 1871 – Opening of the first rack railway in Europe, the Rigi Bahnen on Mount Rigi. 1879 – War of the Pacific: Two Chilean ships blocking the harbor of Iquique (then belonging to Peru) battle two Peruvian vessels in the Battle of Iquique. 1881 – The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton in Washington, D.C. 1894 – The Manchester Ship Canal in the United Kingdom is officially opened by Queen Victoria, who later knights its designer Sir Edward Leader Williams. 1904 – The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) is founded in Paris. 1911 – President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz and the revolutionary Francisco Madero sign the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez to put an end to the fighting between the forces of both men, concluding the initial phase of the Mexican Revolution. 1917 – The Imperial War Graves Commission is established through royal charter to mark, record, and maintain the graves and places of commemoration of the British Empire's military forces. 1917 – The Great Atlanta fire of 1917 causes $5.5 million in damages, destroying some 300 acres including 2,000 homes, businesses and churches, displacing about 10,000 people but leading to only one fatality (due to heart attack). 1924 – University of Chicago students Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold, Jr. murder 14-year-old Bobby Franks in a "thrill killing". 1927 – Charles Lindbergh touches down at Le Bourget Field in Paris, completing the world's first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean. 1932 – Bad weather forces Amelia Earhart to land in a pasture in Derry, Northern Ireland, and she thereby becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. 1934 – Oskaloosa, Iowa, becomes the first municipality in the United States to fingerprint all of its citizens. 1936 – Sada Abe is arrested after wandering the streets of Tokyo for days with her dead lover's severed genitals in her handbag. Her story soon becomes one of Japan's most notorious scandals. 1937 – A Soviet station, North Pole-1, becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the drift ice of the Arctic Ocean. 1939 – The Canadian National War Memorial is unveiled by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 1946 – Physicist Louis Slotin is fatally irradiated in a criticality incident during an experiment with the demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory. 1951 – The opening of the Ninth Street Show, otherwise known as the 9th Street Art Exhibition: A gathering of a number of notable artists, and the stepping-out of the post war New York avant-garde, collectively known as the New York School. 1961 – American civil rights movement: Alabama Governor John Malcolm Patterson declares martial law in an attempt to restore order after race riots break out. 1966 – The Ulster Volunteer Force declares war on the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland. 1969 – Civil unrest in Rosario, Argentina, known as Rosariazo, following the death of a 15-year-old student. 1972 – Michelangelo's Pietà in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is damaged by a vandal, the mentally disturbed Hungarian geologist Laszlo Toth. 1976 – Twenty-nine people are killed in the Yuba City bus disaster in Martinez, California. 1979 – White Night riots in San Francisco following the manslaughter conviction of Dan White for the assassinations of George Moscone and Harvey Milk. 1981 – The Italian government releases the membership list of Propaganda Due, an illegal pseudo-Masonic lodge that was implicated in numerous Italian crimes and mysteries. 1981 – Transamerica Corporation agrees to sell United Artists to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for $380 million after the box office failure of the 1980 film Heaven's Gate. 1982 – Falklands War: A British amphibious assault during Operation Sutton leads to the Battle of San Carlos. 1991 – Former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi is assassinated by a female suicide bomber near Madras. 1991 – Mengistu Haile Mariam, president of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, flees Ethiopia, effectively bringing the Ethiopian Civil War to an end. 1992 – After 30 seasons Johnny Carson hosted his penultimate episode and last featuring guests (Robin Williams and Bette Midler) of The Tonight Show. 1994 – The Democratic Republic of Yemen unsuccessfully attempts to secede from the Republic of Yemen; a war breaks out. 1996 – The ferry MV Bukoba sinks in Tanzanian waters on Lake Victoria, killing nearly 1,000. 1998 – In Miami, five abortion clinics are attacked by a butyric acid attacker. 1998 – President Suharto of Indonesia resigns following the killing of students from Trisakti University earlier that week by security forces and growing mass protests in Jakarta against his ongoing corrupt rule. 2001 – French Taubira law is enacted, officially recognizing the Atlantic slave trade and slavery as crimes against humanity. 2003 – The 6.8 Mw  Boumerdès earthquake shakes northern Algeria with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). More than 2,200 people were killed and a moderate tsunami sank boats at the Balearic Islands. 2005 – The tallest roller coaster in the world, Kingda Ka opens at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey. 2006 – The Republic of Montenegro holds a referendum proposing independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro; 55% of Montenegrins vote for independence. 2010 – JAXA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, launches the solar-sail spacecraft IKAROS aboard an H-IIA rocket. The vessel would make a Venus flyby late in the year. 2011 – Radio broadcaster Harold Camping predicted that the world would end on this date. 2012 – A bus accident near Himara, Albania kills 13 people and injures 21 others. 2012 – A suicide bombing kills more than 120 people in Sana'a, Yemen. 2017 – Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus performed their final show at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum.

[howardhawkshollywoodannex]

Yul Brynner, Deborah Kerr and Rita Moreno in The King and I (1956).  The film was directed by Walter Lang who was born in Memphis and had 66 director credits, from 1925 to Snow White and the Three Stooges in 1961.  His entry among my best 1,001 movies is Sitting Pretty (1948) with Clifton Webb.  His other notable films include The Mighty Barnum (1934) with Wallace Beery (PT was recently seen in The Greatest Showman), three later Shirley Temple movies (1939-40), six Betty Grable movies, and Desk Set with Tracy and Hepburn.

[elcinelateleymickyandonie]

JANET BEECHER.

Filmography

Cinema

1915: Fine Feathers

1933: Gallant Lady

1934: The Last Gentleman

1934: The President Vanishes

1934: The Mighty Barnum

1935: So Red the Rose

1935: The Dark Angel

1935: Let's Live Tonight

1935: Village Tale

1936: I'd Give My Life

1936: Love Before Breakfast

1937: The Thirteenth Chair

1937: Big City

1937: The Good Old Soak

1937: Beg, Borrow or Steal

1937: Between Two Women

1937: Rosalie

1938: Woman Against Woman

1938: Judge Hardy's Children

1938: Say It in French

1939: I Was a Convict

1939: The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle

1939: Career

1939: Laugh It Off

1940: All This, and Heaven Too

1940: The Gay Caballero

1940: Slightly Honorable

1940: The sign of Zorro

1940: Bitter Sweet

1941: The Man Who Lost Himself

1941 - West Point Widow

1941: The Parson of Paramint

1941: The Three Nights of Eva

1941: A Very Young Lady

1942: Men of Texas

1942: Hi, Neighbor

1942: Reap the Wild Wind

1942: Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch

1942: Silver Queen.

Theater on Broadway (full)

1905: The Education of Mr. Ripp

1908: The Regeneration

1908: His Wife's Family

1909: The Bachelor

1909: The Intruder

1909-1910: The Lottery Man

1910-1911: The Concert

1912: The Woman of It

1913: Napoleon und die Frauen

1913: The Great Adventure

1915: The Fallen Idol

1915-1916: Fair and Warmer

1916: Under Sentence

1917-1918: The Pipes of Pan

1918: Double Exposure

1919: The Woman in Room 13

1920: The Cat-Bird

1920: Call the Doctor, by Jean Archibald

1921-1922: A Bill of Divorcement

1922-1923: L'Enfant de l'amou

1924: The Steam Roller, written and directed by Laurence Eyre

1925: Ostriches

1925: A Kiss in a Taxi Hennequin and Pierre Veber, adaptation of Clifford Gray

1928-1929: Courage, by Tom Barry

1932: Men Must Fight

1944: Slightly Scandalous, written and directed by Frederick Jackson

1944-1945: The Late George Apley.

Créditos: Tomado de Wikipedia

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Beecher

[movies-yahoo-tw-yahoopartne-blog]

《大娛樂家》不二人選 八年前奧斯卡表演讓休傑克曼拿下娛樂教父一角 用生命熱愛歌舞劇 休傑克曼訪台不忘狂練 為彩排唱裂手術傷口

大娛樂家

甫獲本屆金球獎最佳音樂喜劇類最佳影片、最佳男主角、最佳主題曲三項大獎提名的年度壓軸強檔歌舞鉅作《大娛樂家》，在全球影迷的千呼萬喚之下終於將於明日（12/20）在台與全美同步上映，改編自美國娛樂產業傳奇人士P.T.巴納姆如何從一貧如洗的社會底層搖身一變成舉足輕重的娛樂產業巨擘的奇幻勵志故事，他就好比那個時代的賈伯斯撼動全球科技產業的佈局，他的傳奇事蹟更是第四度被改編成大銀幕作品，新作特別找來《樂來越愛你》奧斯卡大獎音樂團隊精心打造，以絢麗的音樂歌舞劇吸引到因歌舞劇《悲慘世界》而拿下金球獎影帝的休傑克曼、同樣以歌舞電影《歌舞青春》走紅的柴克艾弗隆、以《海邊的曼徹斯特》一片四度問鼎奧斯卡獎的實力派女星蜜雪兒威廉絲，以及《列車上的女孩》蕾貝卡弗格森等眾星載歌載舞，合力演出堪稱「地表上最強大的秀」，《大娛樂家》不僅是一部在歲末年終帶給大家無限希望及歡樂的精彩電影，更是一部讓人驚艷這些好萊塢巨星不只能演出好戲，強大的歌喉更是宛如將百老匯歌舞大戲搬上大銀幕那般令人刮目相看！

大娛樂家

想像力無限的傳奇娛樂教父巴納姆，以生平座右銘「帶給別人快樂是最高貴的藝術」，來反映出他所創造不少撼動人心的新形態藝術之中心思想，出身自貧窮的家庭讓他更看盡人情冷暖，也更在乎這些佔社會多數的社會底層之心酸，因此，他相信人們需要以更容易親近的通俗娛樂來調劑生活，藝術不該只是上流社會所獨享的菁英文化，他更有感於被社會遺棄的奇人弱勢需要擁抱自己的與眾不同，透過表演讓大眾看到他們的光彩，如此的信念也最終讓他一次又一次創造驚奇，變成真實實踐美國夢的百萬娛樂大亨，精彩的人生難怪已被多次拍成電影—包括1934年的《The Mighty Barnum》、1967年的《Jules Verne’s Rocket to the Moon》，以及1986年的《Barnum》，時隔好幾十年再度搬上大銀幕，首度以華麗歌舞大秀的方式來呈現，也算是對這位傳奇大師的最佳致敬表現，而這個想法其實早在八年前就因為休傑克曼主持奧斯卡頒獎典禮時而種下種子。

大娛樂家

2009年，休傑克曼接下當屆的奧斯卡頒獎典禮主持人棒子，以超奪睛的歌舞表演方式開場，成功博得滿堂彩，有百老匯表演經驗的他也更讓世界看見他更不同以往的風采，而這個開場就此啟發製作人羅倫斯馬克與共同編劇比爾康頓誕生《大娛樂家》的拍片想法，「我想，天啊，這人就是世上最偉大的娛樂家，休大概是世界上，唯一能夠同時飾演金鋼狼與P.T.巴納姆的人了。」馬克回憶道「休的DNA就讓他得以一站上同時舞台，就輕易地征服全場。」

大娛樂家

這位澳洲的演員、歌手、表演者與製作人，長久以來面對娛樂事業的高低潮，早已泰然自若。他拿過金球獎、東尼獎，獲得奧斯卡獎提名，最讓觀眾熟悉的是講話很衝的超級英雄「金鋼狼」。他也在百老匯表演，更別提還曾被票選為「最性感的男人」。劇組透露休傑克曼是整個好萊塢裡能唯一能被聯想為偉大的「大娛樂家」P.T.巴納姆的人選，百變的演技讓他沒有演不來的片型，更難能可貴的是他擁有一個天生的好歌喉，完全是這個世紀的真正「大娛樂家」，熱愛歌舞的休傑克曼其實也曾透露過如果不是當演員，他一定會去當搖滾歌手，因此，愛唱歌的他當得知這個演出機會當然立刻點頭答應；事實上，在今年年初他為《羅根》造訪台灣時，更在不工作的休息時刻狂練《大娛樂家》的歌曲，讓人真正感受他對音樂歌舞的真心熱愛。

在製作過程最初的彩排時，傑克曼更展現出了他的熱情。當時因為皮膚而在鼻子上動手術被��師下禁唱令的他，看著劇組團隊的彩排而���耐不住自己愛唱歌舞的靈魂，最後真的忍不住而跳下去跟大家合唱「因為我很喜愛片中的音樂，那故事充滿情感，教人無懼地盡情發揮，我完全被吸了進去。當到了最後一首歌時，我想，『我只要跳一下前面的部分就好』…」傑克曼回憶道「在我回過神來之前，我已經如脫韁野馬，在跑來跑去。我整首唱完，停不下來。我完全陷入當下無法自拔，而突然間我傷口上的縫線就繃開了。」如此展現出他對這部片尤其是歌舞的熱愛，可以讓他忘掉手術的痛楚。

大娛樂家

每個偉大的人背後都有著一位更偉大的另一半在支撐著他的夢想，而演出巴納姆生命中最重要的另一半查莉蒂荷莉巴納姆，則是由四度獲得奧斯卡獎提名的蜜雪兒威廉絲賦予這角色生命，她所飾演的是一位為愛走天涯並且懂得惜福知足的富千金，為了支撐她先生的夢想，她可以放棄榮華富貴，只願能與先生長相廝守陪他去追隨他的夢想；在片中音樂製作團隊更為威廉絲打造獨唱歌曲，這也讓她不眠不休地狂練歌曲，確保自己表現到最好不負劇組的苦心，能參與歌舞片的演出也讓她十分開心「成長過程中，我最愛的電影全都是音樂劇，」她回憶道。「《萬花嬉春》與《真善美》我大概各看了一百遍吧。每天去工作都很開心，唱歌跳舞，以及欣賞別人唱歌跳舞，能夠被休在空中甩，是件很棒的事情。」而蜜雪兒威廉絲清新脫俗的演唱歌聲也是整部片的一大亮點！《大娛樂家》將於12月20日與全美同步魔幻登場。

大娛樂家

由鬼才導演麥可格雷希所指導的首部長片電影《大娛樂家》，為一部大膽原創的音樂劇電影，他將我們現在生活中所能看到的馬戲團以及大型娛樂表演事業的源起搬上大銀幕，希望能夠藉此機會激發觀眾對夢想與未來的���限想像。故事靈感來自於傳奇馬戲團始祖P.T.巴納姆〈休傑克曼 飾〉，描述他如何從一個窮困潦倒的無名小卒，搖身一變成為一個能夠將歡樂、感動、勇氣與淚水，這些情感原素全部融入至他的表演中，將希望散播至全世界的玩夢大師。

《大娛樂家》更是與甫於今年初獲得奧斯卡金獎的《樂來樂愛你》幕後音樂團隊，一同協力打造總計共超過10首原創動聽歌曲；而令人期待的卡司陣容群，除了一攬本身為百老匯出身的休傑克曼之外，本次更是找來了能跳能唱的柴克艾弗隆、蜜雪兒威廉絲以及蕾貝卡弗格森，聽覺加上視覺的絕對饗宴，勢必將為這部備受期待的歌舞劇打造最豪華的精采篇章！ movie_id:6981 ※不加入Y!電影粉絲團，你就悶了！

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 5.21

293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as Caesar to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy. 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is captured by the Muslim Aghlabids after a nine-month siege. 879 – Pope John VIII gives blessings to Branimir of Croatia and to the Croatian people, considered to be international recognition of the Croatian state. 996 – Sixteen-year-old Otto III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1349 – Dušan's Code, the constitution of the Serbian Empire, is enacted by Dušan the Mighty. 1403 – Henry III of Castile sends Ruy González de Clavijo as ambassador to Timur to discuss the possibility of an alliance between Timur and Castile against the Ottoman Empire. 1554 – Queen Mary I grants a royal charter to Derby School, as a grammar school for boys in Derby, England. 1659 – In the Concert of The Hague, the Dutch Republic, the Commonwealth of England and the Kingdom of France set out their views on how the Second Northern War should end. 1660 – The Battle of Long Sault concludes after five days in which French colonial militia, with their Huron and Algonquin allies, are defeated by the Iroquois Confederacy. 1674 – The nobility elect John Sobieski King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. 1703 – Daniel Defoe is imprisoned on charges of seditious libel. 1725 – The Order of St. Alexander Nevsky is instituted in Russia by Empress Catherine I. It would later be discontinued and then reinstated by the Soviet government in 1942 as the Order of Alexander Nevsky. 1758 – Ten-year-old Mary Campbell is abducted in Pennsylvania by Lenape during the French and Indian War. She is returned six and a half years later. 1792 – A lava dome collapses on Mount Unzen, near the city of Shimbara on the Japanese island of Kyūshū, creating a deadly tsunami that kills nearly 15,000 people. 1809 – The first day of the Battle of Aspern-Essling between the Austrian army led by Archduke Charles and the French army led by Napoleon I of France sees the French attack across the Danube held. 1851 – Slavery in Colombia is abolished. 1856 – Lawrence, Kansas is captured and burned by pro-slavery forces. 1863 – American Civil War: The Union Army succeeds in closing off the last escape route from Port Hudson, Louisiana, in preparation for the coming siege. 1864 – Russia declares an end to the Russo-Circassian War and many Circassians are forced into exile. The day is designated the Circassian Day of Mourning. 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House ends. 1864 – The Ionian Islands reunite with Greece. 1871 – French troops invade the Paris Commune and engage its residents in street fighting. By the close of "Bloody Week", some 20,000 communards have been killed and 38,000 arrested. 1871 – Opening of the first rack railway in Europe, the Rigi Bahnen on Mount Rigi. 1879 – War of the Pacific: Two Chilean ships blocking the harbor of Iquique (then belonging to Peru) battle two Peruvian vessels in the Battle of Iquique. 1881 – The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton in Washington, D.C. 1894 – The Manchester Ship Canal in the United Kingdom is officially opened by Queen Victoria, who later knights its designer Sir Edward Leader Williams. 1904 – The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) is founded in Paris. 1911 – President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz and the revolutionary Francisco Madero sign the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez to put an end to the fighting between the forces of both men, concluding the initial phase of the Mexican Revolution. 1917 – The Imperial War Graves Commission is established through royal charter to mark, record, and maintain the graves and places of commemoration of the British Empire's military forces. 1917 – The Great Atlanta fire of 1917 causes $5.5 million in damages, destroying some 300 acres including 2,000 homes, businesses and churches, displacing about 10,000 people but leading to only one fatality (due to heart attack). 1924 – University of Chicago students Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold, Jr. murder 14-year-old Bobby Franks in a "thrill killing". 1927 – Charles Lindbergh touches down at Le Bourget Field in Paris, completing the world's first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean. 1932 – Bad weather forces Amelia Earhart to land in a pasture in Derry, Northern Ireland, and she thereby becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. 1934 – Oskaloosa, Iowa, becomes the first municipality in the United States to fingerprint all of its citizens. 1936 – Sada Abe is arrested after wandering the streets of Tokyo for days with her dead lover's severed genitals in her handbag. Her story soon becomes one of Japan's most notorious scandals. 1937 – A Soviet station, North Pole-1, becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the drift ice of the Arctic Ocean. 1939 – The Canadian National War Memorial is unveiled by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 1946 – Physicist Louis Slotin is fatally irradiated in a criticality incident during an experiment with the demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory. 1951 – The opening of the Ninth Street Show, otherwise known as the 9th Street Art Exhibition: A gathering of a number of notable artists, and the stepping-out of the post war New York avant-garde, collectively known as the New York School. 1961 – American civil rights movement: Alabama Governor John Malcolm Patterson declares martial law in an attempt to restore order after race riots break out. 1966 – The Ulster Volunteer Force declares war on the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland. 1969 – Civil unrest in Rosario, Argentina, known as Rosariazo, following the death of a 15-year-old student. 1972 – Michelangelo's Pietà in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is damaged by a vandal, the mentally disturbed Hungarian geologist Laszlo Toth. 1976 – Twenty-nine people are killed in the Yuba City bus disaster in Martinez, California. 1979 – White Night riots in San Francisco following the manslaughter conviction of Dan White for the assassinations of George Moscone and Harvey Milk. 1981 – The Italian government releases the membership list of Propaganda Due, an illegal pseudo-Masonic lodge that was implicated in numerous Italian crimes and mysteries. 1981 – Transamerica Corporation agrees to sell United Artists to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for $380 million after the box office failure of the 1980 film Heaven's Gate. 1982 – Falklands War: A British amphibious assault during Operation Sutton leads to the Battle of San Carlos. 1991 – Former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi is assassinated by a female suicide bomber near Madras. 1991 – Mengistu Haile Mariam, president of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, flees Ethiopia, effectively bringing the Ethiopian Civil War to an end. 1992 – After 30 seasons Johnny Carson hosted his penultimate episode and last featuring guests (Robin Williams and Bette Midler) of The Tonight Show. 1994 – The Democratic Republic of Yemen unsuccessfully attempts to secede from the Republic of Yemen; a war breaks out. 1996 – The ferry MV Bukoba sinks in Tanzanian waters on Lake Victoria, killing nearly 1,000. 1998 – In Miami, five abortion clinics are attacked by a butyric acid attacker. 1998 – President Suharto of Indonesia resigns following the killing of students from Trisakti University earlier that week by security forces and growing mass protests in Jakarta against his ongoing corrupt rule. 2001 – French Taubira law is enacted, officially recognizing the Atlantic slave trade and slavery as crimes against humanity. 2003 – The 6.8 Mw  Boumerdès earthquake shakes northern Algeria with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). More than 2,200 people were killed and a moderate tsunami sank boats at the Balearic Islands. 2005 – The tallest roller coaster in the world, Kingda Ka opens at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey. 2006 – The Republic of Montenegro holds a referendum proposing independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro; 55% of Montenegrins vote for independence. 2010 – JAXA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, launches the solar-sail spacecraft IKAROS aboard an H-IIA rocket. The vessel would make a Venus flyby late in the year. 2011 – Radio broadcaster Harold Camping predicted that the world would end on this date. 2012 – A bus accident near Himara, Albania kills 13 people and injures 21 others. 2012 – A suicide bombing kills more than 120 people in Sana'a, Yemen. 2017 – Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus performed their final show at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum.