#the cap was dissolved into the molecular level

[clovreat3r]

Hahahaha this video is god daimn hilarious

EEEEEEEEEE.,,,,,, I’m gonna make the rest of the meme later

Best stucf

[spacenutspod]

New research suggests that our best hopes for finding existing life on Mars isn’t on the surface, but buried deep within the crust. Several years ago NASA’s Curiosity rover measured traces of methane in the Martian atmosphere at levels several times the background. But a few months later, the methane disappeared, only for it to reappear again later in the year. This discovery opened up the intriguing possibility of life still clinging to existence on Mars, as that could explain the seasonal variability in the presence of methane. But while Mars was once home to liquid water oceans and an abundant atmosphere, it’s now a desolate wasteland. What kind of life could possibly call the red planet home? Most life on Earth wouldn’t survive long in those conditions, but there is a subgroup of Earthly life that might possibly find Mars a good place to live. These are the methanogens, a type of single-celled organism that consume hydrogen for energy and excrete methane as a waste product. Methanogens can be found in all sorts of otherwise-inhospitable places on Earth, and something like them might be responsible for the seasonal variations in methane levels on Mars. In a recent paper submitted for publication in the journal AstroBiology, a team of scientists scoured the Earth for potential analogs to Martian environments, searching for methanogens thriving in conditions similar to what might be found on Mars. The researchers found three potential Mars-like conditions on Earth where methanogens make a home. The first is deep in the crust, sometimes to a depth of several kilometers, where tiny cracks in rocks allow for liquid water to seep in. The second is lakes buried under the Antarctic polar ice cap, which maintain their liquid state thanks to the immense pressures of the ice above them. And the last is super-saline, oxygen-deprived basins in the deep ocean. All three of these environments have analogs on Mars. Like the Earth, Mars likely retains some liquid water buried in its crust. And its polar caps might have liquid water lakes buried underneath them. Lastly, there has been tantalizing – and heavily disputed – evidence of briny water appearing on crater walls. In the new paper, the researchers mapped out the temperature ranges, salinity levels, and pH values across sites scattered around the Earth. They then measured the abundance of molecular hydrogen in those sites, and determined where methanogens were thriving the most. For the last step, the researchers combed through the available data about Mars itself, finding where conditions best matched the most favorable sites on Earth. They found that the most likely location for possible life was in Acidalia Planitia, a vast plain in the northern hemisphere. Or rather, underneath it. Several kilometers below the plain, the temperatures are warm enough to support liquid water. That water might have just the right pH and salinity levels, along with enough dissolved molecular hydrogen, to support a population of methanogen-like creatures. Now we just have to figure out how to get there. The post Where’s the Most Promising Place to Find Martian Life? appeared first on Universe Today.

[archaeopter-ace]

Ectober Day 1 - Trick

“It’s got to be a trick.”

“Well of course it’s a trick; I still want to know how he does it.”

Sanjay and Erik looked to where Fenton was at it again. This time, he was showing off a bottle of glue, insisting that it was stronger than any commercially available superglue. Thus far, he had already glued a three-foot propeller to Nakamura’s desk, Sanjay’s toolbox to the coffee maker, and was in the process of gluing a tank of acetylene to the wall. The younger lab technicians watched him, spellbound.

“How are you going to get it off the wall?” Morrison wondered.

“Easy. The only way to dissolve Fenton-Glue is with Fenton-Goo-Be-Gone.” Fenton finished fiddling with the glue application, and let go of the nearly-200-pound tank.

It stayed suspended to the wall like some weird modern art piece.

They all stared.

“You’ve rigged something in advance, there’s no way that’s being held up by a little drop of glue,” Erik objected. At least Sanjay could always count on him to see reason.

Fenton’s shit-eating grin all but confirmed that this was another one of his pranks, infamous in their corner of the aerospace engineering lab, but infuriatingly he just waved the glue bottle at them once more. “Fenton-Glue: It’s the glue-iest!”

“That’s Elmer’s glue.” Sanjay interjected flatly. “It’s got the same orange cap.”

“Nope! This is Fenton-Glue. See? Says so right on the label.”

“Oh for – that label is taped on! You literally just stuck your name onto a bottle of Elmer’s glue!”

Fenton jerked a thumb over his shoulder at the logic-defying gas tank. “Then how do you explain this?”

“No, no, I’m not falling for your tricks again. I don’t know how you got those things to stick, but it was not by using this glue. There – there’s glitter in it! This is green glitter glue!”

Fenton looked doubtful, as though Sanjay were the one who wasn’t making any sense.

Nakamura waved them over from where she’d been examining the propeller affixed to her desk. “Guys, look! They’re like, fused together. I’ve never seen anything like it.”

Fenton nodded sagely. “Yes, that’s because Fenton-Glue is molecular glue.”

“There’s no such thing as molecular glue!” Sanjay stomped over the desk, ready to pull back the curtain on this charade. He peered closely at where Nakamura was pointing.

… It definitely didn’t look like there were any hidden electromagnets. The propeller blade was just there, flush against the side of the desk, without even a millimeter of space in between. Working with rockets, they were all used to tight seams with very small tolerances. But he’d never seen a seam as tight as this one. It really did look like they had fused together on a molecular level.

Erik leaned over his shoulder, equally baffled. “It’s got to be a trick.”

“I know that. But how?”

[soulbranded]

fight - from @sgtjamesbbbarnes

@sgtjamesbbbarnes – one word prompts

fight :   my  muse  stops  your  muse  from  getting  into  a  physical  fight  with  someone  else. (I’m flipping the script a little bit here)

Before the Accords fiasco, the farthest she’d been from home was a few trips down to New Orleans with Pasha. But now Rachel was traveling all over the place, and not just in the continental US. It made her feel very much the small-town girl, and not in the cutesy, romcom sense. It was fucking overwhelming. Languages she didn’t understand, unfamiliar customs, police, not to mention each country’s own thriving extra-human population. She was striking deals, making alliances, tracking people down–all things she should in theory be good at, but every time her throat went dry and her stomach squirmed. When she’d caught Steve looking over a classified file and finally coaxed the truth from him, it was almost a relief. He was looking for somebody. Tracking spells were cake.

Except they had no DNA. Why was nothing ever easy?

She’d thought about the problem for a solid three weeks. The dude they were chasing–Steve called him Bucky–had quite the reputation. She’d looked him up in what remained of the Council database. His arm seemed the key. It was unique. An energy signature, mechanics, something. The answer was right there, itching at the edge of her mind, until she finally latched on to something. As she was wont to do, she went chasing after it, meaning she dropped off the face of the earth for a while with just a scrawled note that said Got a plan, be back later, don’t break any walls.  

She’d traveled to Europe on a glamoured passport. Magic made fake IDs so much easier. Her theory was a little sketchy, but it wasn’t without legs: the Winter Soldier was practically an underworld boogeyman, as old as Steve. Unless it was a Bond-esque reincarnation, some kind of enhancement had to be at work, and from what she’d read in her research–because despite her temperamental attitude, Rachel was fucking thorough–HYDRA had to be working on a serum similar to what Steve had received. If it was similar enough at the molecular level, it could provide her with at least a direction, if not an exact location. Europe was her hotspot based on her latest intel and gut instinct; Europe was familiar, the proverbial fortress on the hill, and snipers sought the high ground. Worst case scenario, she was on a wild goose chase. But hey, at least she got to play with some possibly mind-melting magic. 

In Romania, she rented a small apartment and slept the jetlag off for a few hours before starting her ritual. Oh, how she missed her metal rings in her cabin. They made it so much easier to hold a circle. But chalk was going to have to do. She drew a wide circle and put her herbs and copper bowl in the middle of it, along with a small vial that she had paid an obscene amount of money for and on which all her hopes were riding. Like called to like, so if they were even remotely the same…well, she just had to hope. And hope the spell didn’t reveal her to anyone. Or kill her. Nobody said the plan was perfect. 

Mugwort, cowslip, and iris root went into the bowl, along with a few extra ingredients. Rachel held the vial up and looked at it, then exhaled a long breath. Here went nothing. She dumped the vial–blood–into the bowl and then picked up a small knife and pricked her thumb, massaging her own blood into the mixture. A match to set the spell aflame and she was breathing in the earthy smoke. For a second, nothing happened. Then she saw a face, contorted in pain, some kind of machine attached to his head. She saw experiments. The whirred past her vision like a malicious tilt-a-whirl. She saw years of torture, of death, of pain. Memories that weren’t her own flickered like a movie reel, and above it all, it was cold. So, so cold. 

This was not her usual tracking spell. She was getting this man’s life. And she couldn’t stop it. Her mind recoiled, trying to push the horror away, but it stayed with her, an avalanche that buried her own thoughts and emotions. As suddenly as it started, it abruptly shifted. A street. Modern times. A small cafe and a man hunched over a cup of coffee like it held the elixir of life. He looked up.

Bucky.

The spell broke, and Rachel fell backwards onto her elbows, panting. Well, her brain hadn’t dissolved, but she had this weight. Everything she’d seen and felt sat on her chest in a writhing mass, incapable of being separated, just one huge jumble of misery. This was who Steve wanted to find? 

This was the fabled Winter Soldier? 

As soon as she collected herself, she grabbed her bag and gun and dashed out the door. She knew that street. It was fresh in her mind and it wasn’t far away. Her gut said the spell had ended in real time. She could make it. And she could–do what, exactly? Walk up to a deadly assassin and say Hi, wanna go to New York? 

Great, Rachel. You flew halfway around the world, cooked up some sketchy ass magic, and ended it with no plan. What was that about being thorough?

But those memories stayed with her. This man, this Bucky, to say he’d been through hell was an understatement. It made her remember a grey windowless room with a chair bolted to the floor, and an emotionless voice telling her she must have faith. Steve had faith in this guy, and she had faith in her gut, so she plowed ahead. What was he gonna do, shoot her in broad daylight?

Maybe. Well, it wouldn’t be the first time, and probably wouldn’t be the last. One day she was going to learn to improve her life choices.

She rounded a corner and saw a faded red awning above some black metal chairs. The cafe. In the corner, tucked as far away from others as he could get and with his back to the building–the Paranoid Chair, as she liked to call it, which also happened to be her favorite–was Bucky. He looked like he’d gotten his clothes from a lost and found and had a baseball cap pulled down low over his eyes, but it was him. Rachel almost laughed in satisfaction. It’d worked. She hesitated for a moment, keenly aware of the gun in her shoulder holster beneath her jacket. Her gut said she needed to come at this with those memories in mind. Put the Soldier aside and remember the man. Christ, wasn’t that poetic, coming from her. 

She started walking toward him when a throng of men entered her vision, approaching from the south. They were heading straight for Bucky too, and they did not look like they’d chosen the Friend Route RPG option. Rachel sped up, but she was farther away, and had to cross a busy thoroughfare. The men reached Bucky first, and she almost got hit by a car due to her fixation on his reaction. She knew that body language. It was defensive, reluctant. Dangerous but unwilling. 

She slapped the hood of another car as she ran across the street. Bucky’s fists were clenched and the men were shouting at him in a language she didn’t understand, their faces hard with rage. The man at the front, who was approximately the size of a small mountain, drew back his fist, but she saw it first. Bucky was countering already, his left arm, the enhanced arm, ready to fly up.

Without thinking, Rachel flung her hand out and sent a spell flying. It hit the man in front and knocked him into the wall so hard it cracked. “Stop!”

The men turned in unison to look at this little redhead running up to them speaking a foreign language. Rachel drew to a halt, putting herself between them and Bucky. He towered over her, almost as tall as Steve, but she’d taken bigger fish. 

“I said stop.” She panted, more from adrenaline than the run, and magic crackled along her skin. Another roll of her wrist and she cast a glamour over Bucky. “He’s not who you think he is.”

Mountain Man eyed her. “Cine dracu esti tu?”

Rachel blinked. “Listen, just… shoo.” She made a flapping motion with her hand. She could amp up the magic and scare the hell out of them, but that risked attracting even more attention, and she actually was trying to deescalate the situation. 

“Nu este nimeni. Lasă-o din ea,” Bucky said. Rachel looked behind her at him, and he deftly sidestepped her so that he was now shielding her. She had to duck to the side to see what was happening. Goddamned tall guys.

They exchanged a few more words that Rachel didn’t understand, and their postures grew more threatening. Her interference seemed to have caused a shift in Bucky. He was trying to protect her. He pulled his arm back again, and this time she hit him with a spell, although it wasn’t nearly as strong—just enough to knock him off his balance.

“Look,” Rachel said, exasperated, and gestured to Bucky. Her glamour came off him in strong waves, but unless she was the unluckiest person on earth, these guys would see an old man instead of the true Bucky.

They looked between each other, looked at Bucky, looked at her, back at Bucky, and after several eternities, turned around and stormed away. Bucky was leaning against the wall, holding his arm. Rachel winced. She really hoped she hadn’t just given him cause for another punch.

“I’m sorry about that,” she said. “I just didn’t think it was a good idea to draw attention with a fight.”

He looked at her with haunted eyes. Rachel was suddenly freezing. “Who are you?” he asked, his voice rusty as if from disuse.

“Would you believe I’m a friend?” His face said no. “Okay, friend of a friend? I’m a friend of Steve’s.”

Now it was Bucky’s turn to blink. His eyes darted back and forth as if he were sorting through information. “Steve Rogers?”

“Yeah.” Now that the immediate danger was gone, she went into damage control and looked around. A few people were staring, but nobody had stopped and she didn’t hear any sirens, but it was probably better to get the hell out of here. “Why don’t I buy you a coffee somewhere else and tell you all about it?”

He hesitated. “No.”

Oh, how the turns had tabled. She knew that look. It was paranoia, the kind that comes when they really are out to get you. And she knew, oh she knew, that it was the kind of paranoia that wouldn’t budge.

“Bucky,” she said. “I know you got no reason to trust me. But I swear I come in peace.”

The name got his attention, and he gave her a tortured look. “What did you do to me?” He let go of his arm and rotated it, but the movement was off. It was less like working a muscle and more like realigning a transmission.

“Magic. I’m… not normal. And we’ve got some things in common.” She offered him a wan smile.

He stared at her for a long moment, and she swore he could see straight down to her bones. “Why are you here?”

That was the question wasn’t it. Ostensibly, she was there because of Steve. But after what she’d seen in the spell, she had absolutely no desire to make this man do anything he didn’t want to do. There were days she could still feel the spelled iron around her wrist. She wasn’t going to take away anyone’s will, come hell or high water.

“I’m here to talk. To give you some options, and then to do what you want. If you want to come with me, you can. If you want me to get lost, I’ll never bother you again. Either way, it’s your choice.”

His eyes cast downward for a moment, and then he sighed. “Are you okay with a bit of a walk? There’s another cafe far enough away from here we should be safe.”

Rachel smiled, and there was warmth in it. “Lead the way.”

[solarpunk-aesthetic]

A Solarpunk Statement ☀️

I wanted to write down something to summarise how I feel about the Solarpunk concept and what it means, as a genre, as a movement, and as an attitude. It came out longer than I’d expected, so I guess that means I had a lot to say. I’m sure this will change over time, but I thought I’d post it here anyway.

Solarpunk can be summarised with one simple sentence – The future is bright.

We, right now, live in a world where the dystopias that the Cyberpunks warned us about are slowly turning into reality. A world ravaged by a handful of rich, greedy people, draining the world’s resources to line their pockets, while showing callous disregard for who they step on to get their way. A world where the dystopian fears of Orwell and the negative utopian fears of Huxley often seem to lie a little too close to home. A world fragmented by war, prejudice, social constructs, and an established order which is failing. All too many people are resigned to nihilism in the face of perceived inevitable doom.

In the face of all this darkness, Solarpunk stands up and says no. No, this is not the future we were promised, and this is not the future we will accept.

Cyberpunk and Solarpunk are actually based on very similar tenets. Both contain the central idea that human nature doesn’t tend to change. The key difference is that Cyberpunk assumes that the worst human traits will dominate, leading greed and exploitation to win out. Consequently, Cyberpunk is full of grimdark dystopian visions and high levels of cynicism. Solarpunk in contrast assumes that the best human traits will dominate, giving more optimistic eutopian (not utopian) visions. Cyberpunk is in reaction to the shiny spacesuits and silver rockets of the 1960s. Solarpunk, in turn, is in reaction to Cyberpunk.

Where Cyberpunk is about nihilism, Solarpunk is about anti-nihilism. Maybe it’s true that we’re all doomed to inevitable catastrophe. But if nothing matters in he end, we’re going to damn well make the best of what we’ve got, because what do we have to lose either way? Perhaps we might even make life better in the process.

In a divided world, Solarpunk is about unity. In a dark world, Solarpunk is about light. In a cold, uncaring world, Solarpunk is about warmth. In a world robbed of optimism, Solarpunk is about hope.

Deep in its softly beating heart, Solarpunk focusses on these four core principles: Unity, Light, Warmth, and Hope.

Unity

Our whole world is divided. It doesn’t need to be that way. A central piece of Solarpunk is coexistence and burning down barriers.

On a philosophical level, Solarpunk seeks unity between things which are all too often seen as distinct. Why should art and science be treated differently when artists and scientists view the world in much the same way? The same can be said of musicians and mathematicians, and so on. Western thought is full of false dichotomies, which should be dissolved for us to move forward.

On a planetary (and perhaps interplanetary) level, Solarpunk is about existing in harmony with nature. The modern world is full of people who draw their curtains on the sunlight and switch on electric lights instead. This is another false dichotomy. Technology and nature are not, and should not be mutually exclusive. Solarpunk seeks to destroy the side of technology which is harmful to nature, and use technology and science to make things better for the entire world – humans and non-humans alike.

On a human level, Solarpunk seeks to break down the barriers which have been constructed by human society and destroy the systems which allow any one group to claim superiority over another. Solarpunk doesn’t care about your skin colour, your gender, your sexuality, your physical or mental ability, or your culture and beliefs. Instead, Solarpunk celebrates diversity. Welcome all, and all will be welcome.

Light

In a fundamental way, sunlight powers all life on our planet. Sunlight feeds the plants which make the air we breathe. Sunlight brightens the sky and lets us see all the colours it contains. Sunlight drove the chemical reactions which life formed from originally. On a molecular level, we are born from sunlight and stardust.

Solarpunk celebrates the light. Solarpunk lies in the sun on a clear day and enjoys the beauty and colour in the world. Solarpunk uses technology to capture the light as electricity, so that light can be enjoyed even in the darkness. Solarpunk marvels at the light of scientific understanding.

Sunlight is also the world’s most abundant source of energy. Nearly 50 zettajoules of solar energy land on the surface of the Earth every year. This is over 80 times as much energy as all of humanity uses. Sunlight also drives the wind, providing another source of energy for us to use too. Solarpunk is about using these sources of free energy to their fullest. Solar energy has the potential to effortlessly power the world we live in. In a Solarpunk future, science and technology will save us all.

Warmth

Sunlight warms the planet we live on. Without it, there would be nothing in the world but the icy cold. Just as the Sun keeps us warm, Solarpunk is about warmth.

The warmth of community and culture. Support. Caring. Random acts of kindness. When it takes no more effort to be good to others than it does to be cruel, what purpose does cruelty serve? Needless cruelty and causes of suffering have no place in a Solarpunk world.

And just as that warmth extends to our fellow humans, so that warmth extends to nature and the planet. Solarpunk loves the idea of sustainability and being good to the world around us. Use renewable energy which won’t harm the environment. Grow plants for food and air quality, and to enrich your environment. Reuse and recycle things. Feed a stray animal. Plant a tree. Grow wildflowers for the bees.

Do nice things for no reason.

Hope

Rebellions are built on hope. Solarpunk seeks to give hope back to the world, so that we can rebel against the restrictive society which determines our lives. Because the world can be better than this. The world should be better than this. We humans didn’t evolve to spend 40 hours a week in servitude doing inconsequential work that we don’t care about for people who ultimately don’t care about us. Humans were meant to be more than this.

Imagine a future where the planet isn’t embroiled in chaos. A future where we don’t have world leaders who casually talk about nuclear weapons. A future where ice caps aren’t melting and the climate isn’t catastrophically changing because of greed. A future where the planet’s resources are being used sustainably rather than being plundered mercilessly. A future where no one is restricted due to financial or social status. A future which lies in the hands of people and communities, and not in money and corporate interests.

Keep imagining that world, and ask yourself – if you could do anything you wanted to do, what would it be? Would you create works of art? Play the piano? Travel and enjoy the world’s beauty? Invent things? Study and learn? Try to understand the secrets of the universe? Or would you simply work to sustain the world so that others could live their lives as they wanted?

A world of freedom like this is the ideal Solarpunk aims for.

[ibilike]

Decaffeination of coffee and tea

Most of us enjoy drinking coffee and tea makes us fresh. Tea and coffee contain caffeine whose molecular structure is remarkably similar to that of adenosine - the hormone that slows down the body. Caffeine works by blocking adenosine and hence the freshening up effect. Specifically speaking:

Caffeine intake improves focus and lowers fatigue.

Excessive caffeine consumption causes insomnia, nervousness, and mood swings. Hostility is an extreme effect.

Decaffeination of coffee and tea came into being to allow people to enjoy their regular cup of tea and coffee while not disturbing their sleep patterns. But that is not all. Decaffeinated coffee and tea offers a host of health benefits, such as:

Degenerative brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s.

Avoiding heart disorders and cancer.

Bringing down the risk of death from heart disease and stroke, high quantities of liver enzyme levels, and early death.

Lowering the probability of getting rectal cancer and heartburn. Frequent coffee drinkers often feel heartburn, which is also called as acid reflux.

One kg of coffee beans with less than one gram of caffeine officially qualifies as decaffeinated coffee. Other sources define decaffeination as the elimination of between 97% caffeine from coffee beans, cocoa, tea leaves and other such sources of coffee.

It was way back in 1903 that Ludwig Roselius, the chief of Kaffee HAG, came up with the first practical decaffeination process. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) has increasingly decaffeinated coffee since the 1970s.

Decaffeination of coffee is carried out by employing:

Carbon dioxide Supercritical Fluid Extraction(CO2 SCFE)

Swiss Water Process

Ethyl Acetate Decaffeination

Methylene Chloride Decaffeination

Tea decaffeination utilizes:

Carbon dioxide Supercritical Fluid Extraction(CO2 SCFE)

Ethyl Acetate Decaffeination

Methylene Chloride Decaffeination

Carbon dioxide decaf coffee i.e. coffee decaffeinated using the CO2 SCFE process is a great method to remove caffeine. This is because the process is highly selective. At high pressure, caffeine dissolves in sCO2. The dissolved caffeine comes out of solution at low pressure. The process does not remove other molecules from the raw material (coffee beans, cocoa, tea leaves etc.). The same is true for CO2 decaf tea.

These other molecules provide nutritional value. Therefore, when the decaffeinated raw material is later used to make tea or coffee, it will:

Deliver all health benefits of these other molecules.

Counter the effects of excessive caffeine intake.

This is like the proverbial “running with the hare and hunting with the hounds!”

Decaffeination of coffee and tea is also carried out via methyl chloride by exposing steam and water washed beans to it. Traces (up to 1 part per million or 1 ppm) of these solvents get attached to the beans though. The regulatory cap on methyl chloride in commercially sold coffee is 10 ppm. Methyl chloride traces are lower than the mandated upper limit, but clearly carbon dioxide decaf coffee and CO2 decaf tea are better options.

Swiss water process retains these other molecules by reusing the water used to decaffeinate green coffee beans to wash fresh beans. Caffeine is removed from the water before reusing.

Carbon dioxide decaf coffee and CO2 decaf tea are the outputs of the CO2 SCFE process which offers excellent parameter control resulting in more targeted decaffeination. For this reason, these are preferred.

[chittaranjaninfotech]

Hard water problems in farming

Water is that the life blood of any farm.In nature water never exists as simply pure H2O.To make available best water from canal or river for farming is difficult. Almost 85% farmers have boar well or ground water for farming.There are forever different substances dissolved in it that we all know as mineral salts.Healthy, balanced water has got to have mineral salts in it to sustain life.However it’s the chances of these mineral salts that make water either "hard" or "soft".Basically, high amounts of minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, classify water as hard.You can typically realize an oversized quantity of iron, manganese, sodium and other dissolved compounds such as bicarbonates and sulphates in hard water. Due to great amount of minerals present in water , water becomes hard , when it comes in pipe line, drip irrigation line and sprinkler nozzle get choked over a period of your time and there's no uniform water system to all or any crops. Also hard TDS water burns tips of leaves, reduces growth of the plant, affects crops yield as compared to normal water farming and also damages the soil structure.

https://emwatersoftener.com/index.html

Solution Hard water from a bore (well) usually has very high natural phenomenon . This water is difficult to be concerned into the plant stem and absorbed into the cell structure. and If it's water then it becomes harder to be haunted by plant. It is not well absorbed and therefore the result's the plant growth becomes slower. On the opposite hand any water that's treated with Electrical induction 'Water softener' the physical phenomenon of the water is lowered significantly.This then permits the water and minerals to be simply involved by the plant.The water provides support and therefore the minerals provide nourishment in order that the plant growth will faster and total yield will increase.softener changes the chemical structure of the water. Water softener changes the chemical structure of the water .this forces to decomposes the molecules into a replacement form, It just changes molecular structure of the minerals which makes it in pure form , therefore the calcium, iron and different minerals keep within the water however never kind exhausting scale at walls of piping, fixtures, and appliances.These all silent minerals are significantly vital for crop and human.The water coming from softener never form a crusty layer of salt or iron on the bottom , these all minerals are more easily absorbed into the bottom and therefore the crops, which provides both a healthier environment to grow crops and increases the yield.

 Benefits Of Tathastu Water Softener

Saves water by 20 to 30%

 The vegetation period decreases.

 Crop production & crop quality increases.

 Improves soil structure. Controlling PH level.

 Remove and prevent scaling on dripper and sprinkler

 Reduce tip burning problem in leaves upto 45 to 60%

 Increase growth rate of all types of crops & plants by 35 to 40%

 Increase solubility of water for fertilizers, gives 100% benefits of fertilizers

 Increase oxygen concentration which increase seed germination

Reduces effect of Chlorides & Fluorides, increases roots efficiency

 Fertilizer and Pesticides are mix very well and it gives better result.

 It clean the root hair and root cap area in the soil.

 Pure form of minerals will be kept in water which help the crops.

 Water absorption becomes more easy for roots and they become healthier.

 Basic nutrients are made available to root zone, it enhances plant growth.

 Reduces effect of Chlorides & Fluorides, increases roots efficiency

 Cleans root hair and root cap area to increase water absorption by roots

 Pipe, Drip irrigation and sprinkler nozzles will be protected from scaling.

 After a month - the number of blocked drippers was declining and The usual

 procedure of cleaning drippers and flushing the lines is not required

For more details: https://emwatersoftener.com/

[juniperpublisherscellscienc-blog]

Protein Expression Profile of Oral Premalignant Lesions (OPLs)- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

The progression in cure, early detection and degeneration of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain a key factor to improve the survival rate of patients, in which an elevated proportion of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Current developments in molecular biology research enhanced the understanding of molecular process in OSCC progression and led to identification and characterization of numerous biomarkers. These biomarkers are expected to facilitate the early detection of primary and relapsed tumors. In the present research, we evaluate potential biomarkers for the early detection of OSCC.

Keywords: Carcinoma; Biomarkers; Protein; Serum; Cancer; Tumor

Introduction

Oral cancer is a subgroup of head and neck cancer which affects various regions within oral cavity i.e., lips, tongue, salivary glands, and gums. It is the sixth most common cancer, approximately 3% of the total cancer burden and results in 128,000 annual deaths globally [1,2]. The most common type of oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which accounts 90% of all oral cancer cases. Patients with OSCC are often diagnosed at a late stage, thus high recurrence rate occurs after treatment, especially in those with neck lymph node metastasis [3]. Despite clinical and treatment advances, the overall 5-year survival rates for oral cancer remains low and stagnant during past few decades [4,5]. Although OSCC is commonly diagnosed through oral examination followed by histopathology and computed tomography/positron emission tomography scanning, there has been continuous interest in developing serum protein biomarkers to aid the diagnosis. Tumor antigens are promising diagnostic biomarkers for human cancers showing the clinical utility of tumor antigens, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA-50, CA19-9 and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) for OSCC detection [6-9].

Serum SCCA appeared to be more sensitive than the other tumor antigens and positive in 38.1% and 41.4% of OSCC patients under testing [8,10]. Studies also revealed other potential serum protein biomarkers i.e., CYFRA 21-1 (cytokeratin 19-fragments), tumor polypeptide antigen (TPA) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 [9,11]. CYFRA 21-1 has been demonstrated as biomarker for other solid tumors, whereas TPA is a serine protease found in rapidly growing tissue due to its role in forming intermediate filaments of the cellular cytoskeleton, making it a promising candidate for cancer detection. Both CYFRA 21-1 and TPA levels were found to be significantly higher in OSCC patients compared to healthy controls and benign tumor patients, and both reduced in 2–3 weeks after surgical resection of their OSCC lesions [11]. Although the testing serum protein biomarkers as a simple diagnostic tool for oral/head and neck cancer has been well demonstrated but still needs to be further validated in large clinical trials. In this study, proteomics analysis of serum for early detection, evaluation, aggressiveness and occurrence of OSCC were summarized. The emphasis was placed on early detection by serum with histological defined oral carcinoma patients. Protein in tissues, saliva and serum may more accurately reflect the progression of OSCC, so novel approach for the depth research strategy and the sample choice for proteomics are of importance in OSCC biomarker discovery.

Material and Methods

Sample collection

Information about chewing habits and other characteristics of the study participants was acquired. Those with the habit were questioned for the frequency of the habit in number per day and duration of the habit in years. The type of lesion in the cases was decided on the basis of careful observation of the oral cavity and then blood samples were collected from People’s College of Dental Science and Research Centre, Bhanpur Bhopal, over a period of one month. 2-3ml of blood were taken as samples from the patients having oral premalignant lesions (OPL) (leukoplakia and/or erythroplakia) and stored in sterile vials containing 1.5mg/ml EDTA and stored at -20 °C. Individuals who were not addicted to smoking, tobacco or not habitual areca nut consumer and were not having any prior history of cancer and who had never smoked before in his or her lifetime are defined as a never smoker and were considered as control.

Determination of Protein Content

Lowry method

The protein content of serum was determined 1mg/mL stock solution of Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was prepared. BSA was dissolved in 0.1 N NaOH and used as standard [12]. For preparation of standard curve of BSA different concentration that is 100μg/mL to 1000μg/mL of BSA was prepared in clean glass tubes and volume was made up to 1mL using Millipore water. To each tube, 5mL of alkaline solution was added and the tubes were incubated at room temperature for 10min. After incubation, 0.5mL of Folin’s reagent was added and was incubated at room temperature in dark for 30 minutes. Violet to blue colour was developed. The intenity of colour was propotional to protein concentration. After incubation the absorbance was measured at 660nm. Standard curve was prepared by plotting protein (BSA) concentration on X-axis and O.D on Y-axis. A blank was prepared by taking 1mL of Millipore water in tube in which 5mL of alkaline solution and 0.5mL of Folin’s reagent were added. All the procedures were carried out in triplets. Estimation of protein contents was done in a same manner as BSA standard curve.

Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page)

Poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate was performed according to LaemmLi [13]. The SDS-PAGE was performed using a 12% separating gel and 4% stacking gel. The samples were heated for 5min at 100 °C in capped vials with 1% (w/v) SDS in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol. Electrophoresis was performed at a 125 V for 4h in Tris- HCl buffer of pH 8.3. After electrophoresis, proteins in the separating gel were made visible by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250. The standards were used to make a plot of log molecular weight versus mobility of the protein band were myosin (200kDa), β-galactosidase (120kDa), bovine serum albumin (91kDa), glutamate (62kDa), ovalbumin (43kDa), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (36kDa), carbonic anhydrase (29kDa), myoglobin (26kDa), and lysozyme (14kDa) as markers [6] (Table 1).

Results and Discussion

The OPLs (leukoplakia/erythroplakia) case sample was collected from OPLs patients of PCDS&RC, People’s University, Bhopal the sample size was 20 in which 3 were females and 17 were males under the age group of 18 to 60. Taking into consideration the addictions, 11 of them were habitual of smoking either bidi or cigarette, 6 were betel nut consumers whereas most of them were pouch/gutkha consumers. Among the sample population, female: male ratio observed was 3:17, where females account for 30% and males 70%. Total population (OPLs cases) age range varies from 18 to 68 years, of which 18- 68 and 25-54 was age range of males and females respectively. Among the observed population 38% were smokers, 21% were betel nut consumers and majority i.e., 41% were pouch and gutkha consumers. Biomarkers have been wide accepted in other disciplines but there is no consensus for their use in oral malignancies. Despite recent advances in surgical, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy treatment protocols, the survival of patients with OSCC still lacks significant improvement. This unsatisfactory treatment may be explained by the fact that OSCCs frequently present with extensive local invasion and advanced stages [14,15]. That makes necessary the development of new tools for the diagnosis and prognosis.

Protein Profiling

Total protein

From the known concentration of protein, the standard curve was plotted, and protein content of the clinical isolates were observed. The total proteins were estimated which revealed the difference in Oral premalignant lesions. The protein concentration ranged from 3.2-11.8mg/mL. Control group the protein concentration ranged from 2.87-8.35 (Figure 1). Oxidation of protein plays an important role in pathogenesis of cancer and studies have demonstrated decreased protein levels in cases of OPMD’s and oral malignancy [16,17]. In oral cancer, tobacco and areca nut related habit leading to tissue damage and resultant free radicals play a major role as an aetiologic factor. These habits are seen commonly in all the ages and both the sex. The serum protein levels were decreased in OSMF, OL and NS but increased in OM. This difference was statistically significant. These findings are fill agreement of with the findings of Patidar et al. [18] and Rajendran et al. [19] in OSMF participants and Dawood et al. [20] in OM participants. In contrast our results did not simulate with the finding of Chandran et al. [16] in OM group where the plasma protein levels were found to be decreased. The increase in serum protein levels may be explained in terms of inflammatory reaction associated with oral malignancy.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SDS-PAGE analysis of various samples revealed at least 06 types of banding patterns, with the number of bands ranging from 25 to 40. The maximum number of sample 26.6%) had a banding pattern with 04 bands. Proteins with molecular weights 66kDa, 75.0kDa, 95,110 and 140kDa were consistently present in the in the pattern. The pattern 2 showed number of 16.6 % sample had a banding pattern with 03 proteins bands with molecular weights 11.5,23, and 90.5kDa. The pattern 3 (10% sample) showed 04 proteins bands with molecular weights 118.5, 23, 66 and 97kDa. Pattern 4 showed number of 23.3 % sample had a banding pattern with 04 proteins bands with molecular weights 14, 18, 42 and130kDa. Pattern 05 also showed number of 10 % sample with 04 proteins bands with molecular weights 67.5,75,95 and110kDa. Pattern 6 revealed 03banding pattern with molecular weights14.5, 38.5, 55.5kDa. Feng et al. [21] measured the level of some biomarkers (SCCA, Cyfra 21-1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Cyclin D1) in an attempt to determine the usefulness of their combined determination in the diagnosis of OSCC. They concluded that Cyclin D1, the product of the CCND1 gene located on chromosome 11q13, had the highest diagnostic specificity. Moreover, the combined detection of EGFR and Cyclin D1 (36kDa) had the highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. A previous study Capaccio et al. [22] demonstrates that Cyclin D1expression was significantly associated with the presence of occult lymph node metastases. These data suggest that the immunohistochemical analysis of Cyclin D1 expression in diagnostic biopsy samples may be an additional tool for selecting patients to be treated with elective neck dissection.

The dendrogram showed that the samples [12] were grouped in two closely related clusters. The clusters of Oral Premalignant lesions were significantly different from an unrelated to that of the control. It was also seen that sample from control tended to fall close together on cluster analysis. In our study, the SDSPAGE pattern revealed several characteristic bands common to all samples.

The sample under study was divided in to 2 clusters with cluster 1 having 12 sample and cluster 2 with 18 samples having a similarity 82.5% and dissimilarity of 17.5% in the jaccard’s coefficient scale ion the dendogram (Figure 2). The cluster 1 was further divided into 1a and 1b with 3(OPLs-18, OPLs-08 OPLs-14,) and 9 (Control-10, Control-07, Control-6, Control-3, OPLs-16, OPLs-13, OPLs-07, OPLs-03, OPLs-05) sample respectively. The cluster 2 was also divided in to two sub-cluster 2a (1) (Control-1) and 2b (17) (OPLs-17, OPLs-04, OPLs-12, OPLs-20, OPLs-02, OPLs-10, Control-09, Control-08, Control-04, Control-02, OPLs-06, OPLs-15, Control-5, OPLs- 19, OPLs-11, OPLs-01, OPLs-09). Cluster 2a having 1 sample showed similarity 88.7% and dissimilarity of 10.5%. 2b showed similarity 87.3% and dissimilarity of 12.3% (Figure 2).

The sub-cluster 2(b) was also sub divided into sub sub cluster as 2b1 (OPLs-17, OPLs-04, OPLs-12) showed similarity 87.9% and dissimilarity of 12.1%. Cluster as 2bII (OPLs-20, OPLs-02, OPLs-10, Control-09, Control-08, Control-04, Control-02, OPLs- 06, OPLs-15, Control-5, OPLs-19, OPLs-11, OPLs-01) showed similarity 86.1% and dissimilarity of 13.9%. These differences between the samples are due to the difference in their protein profile which can be mediated due to the difference in the oral premalignant lesions therapy. The study clearly indicates that the profile of total protein from Oral Premalignant lesions can be used for developing classification pattern. The cluster 2bII was also sub divided into sub cluster as 2b1Ia and 2b1Ib (Control-09, Control-08, Control-04, Control-02, OPLs-06, OPLs- 15, Control-5, OPLs-19, OPLs-11, OPLs-01) showed similarity 87.9% and dissimilarity of 12.1% (Figure 2). Cluster analysis has been used, allowing one to make a more objective interpretation of immunoprofiles, based on staining with multiple antibodies, and holding great promise for the immunohistochemical classification of tumors [23].

Ideally, a good clinical test requires high sensitivity and specificity. The oral cavity is commonly subject to inflammation from a variety of causes, including trauma, dental plaque, infection and certain mucocutaneous inflammatory diseases. Whether such oral inflammation (non-neoplastic conditions) affects the levels of the potential OSCC serum biomarkers is essentially unknown, because most studies investigated the potential biomarker levels only in OSCC and non-OSCC, without regard to other inflammatory conditions present [24]. If any OSCC biomarkers levels increases in the presence of oral inflammation to the level of OSCC patients, it would result in a high false positive rate and greatly reduce the value of that biomarker in clinical use for detection. Many of reported potential OSCC biomarkers, such as IL-6 [25], IL-8, IL-1 β [26], basic fibroblast growth factor [27] and molecules related to oxidative stress [27] are known to be important factors involved in inflammation and/or wound healing [28]. Indeed, the levels of some of these constituents have been reported to be significantly higher or lower in periodontitis or OLP patients who did not have OSCC [29]. Therefore, research that validates any potential OSCC biomarker with individuals having common non-neoplastic oral inflammatory diseases is necessary in order to establish the reliability of that salivary OSCC biomarker

Conclusion

Serum biomarkers obtained represent a promising approach for oral cancer detection, and an area of strong research interest. However, some issues/challenges needs to be determined in order to establish this approach as a reliable, highly sensitive and specific for clinical use, including lack of consistency of serum sample collection, processing and storage; wide variability in the levels of potential oral carcinoma serum biomarkers in both non-cancerous individuals and oral carcinoma patients; and further validation of oral carcinoma serum biomarkers with individuals either a chronic oral inflammatory disease or other types of cancers, but do not have oral carcinoma. Research for eventual standardization especially biological and physiological variance affecting the potential biomarkers gained importance in serum diagnostics. This approach can be useful in monitoring non-cancerous disease activity applying serum biomarkers for other forms of cancer.

Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to People’s University, Peoples Group, Bhopal, for laboratory facilities, to carry out this research work.

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Blue dye from red beets: Chemists devise a new pigment option

What's your favorite color? If you answered blue, you're in good company. Blue outranks all other color preferences worldwide by a large margin. No matter how much people enjoy looking at it, blue is a difficult color to harness from nature. As a chemist who studies the modification of natural products to solve technological problems, I realized there was a need for a safe, nontoxic, cost-effective blue dye. So my Ph.D. student, Barbara Freitas-Dörr, and I devised a method to convert the pigments of red beets into a blue compound that can be used in a wide range of applications. We call it BeetBlue. Natural sources of blue Blue is strongly associated with nature, largely because it is reflected in the sky and on bodies of water. But compared to other colors, blue pigments are not commonly found in living organisms. The feathers of many birds are blue, not because they produce a pigment, but because the microscopic structure of their feathers is able to filter light. This physical phenomenon is very interesting but difficult to adopt for common applications. Plants seldom produce blue hues. When they do, their pigments rarely remain stable after extraction. The same is true for blue mushrooms like the indigo milky cap and other species that develop a blue stain when disturbed. Turning red into blue You might wonder how something red can be turned into something blue. One approach is to change the way its molecules absorb and reflect light. The white light coming from your lamp contains a rainbow of colors, even though you cannot see them—without the use of a prism, that is. The surface of your red chair looks red because, at the molecular level, it is absorbing all the colors except red, which is reflected and eventually reaches your eyes. The color of your chair would change from red to blue if you modified the molecular structure of its dye, making it reflect blue light instead of red. The secret is in the number of carbon atoms in the dye and how they are connected to each other. Beets produce chemical compounds called betalains, which are natural pigments and antioxidants. The chemical structure of betalains can be modified to produce almost any hue. We realized that if we increased the number of alternating single-double bonds in betalain molecules, we could change their color from orange or magenta to blue. Making blue dye with adequate intensity and light-fastness is difficult because it must absorb yellow and orange light efficiently. Solving this problem required lots of molecular tweaking. My lab has been working with betalains for over 10 years to understand their function in nature and their unique chemical features, so it took only one experiment to produce BeetBlue. (It took more than two years to optimize the process, though.) We broke apart the betalain molecules using alkaline water with a pH of 11. Then we mixed the resulting compound, called betalamic acid, with a commercial chemical compound called 2,4-dimethylpyrrole in an open vessel at room temperature. BeetBlue is formed almost instantly. Because we changed the characteristic carbon-nitrogen chemical bond of betalains into a carbon-carbon bond, BeetBlue is a new class of pseudo-natural dyes we call quasibetalains. Color your life blue The chemical synthesis of BeetBlue is fast and very simple. In fact, it is so simple that anyone can do it if all the chemicals are available. BeetBlue dissolves easily in water and other solvents, maintains its color in acidic and neutral solutions, and may provide an alternative to expensive blue colorants that often contain toxic metals, which limit the scope of their applications. Live zebrafish embryos as well as cultured human cells were not affected by BeetBlue. Although more experiments are necessary to make sure it is safe for human consumption, maybe you can dye your hair, customize your clothes or color your food in the future using a dye made from beets. This work shows the importance of basic science for the development of technological applications. We did not patent BeetBlue. We want people to use it freely and understand, by interacting with nature in a different and sustainable way, the future can be bright. Provided by: The Conversation More information: B. C. Freitas-Dörr et al. A metal-free blue chromophore derived from plant pigments. Science Advances (2020). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0421 Image: Through the wonders of chemistry, molecules can be rearranged to completely transform color. Credit: Erick Leite Bastos, CC BY-SA Read the full article

[achmad2-blog]

ISS Daily Summary Report – 5/02/2017

OsteoOmics:  The crew thawed a BioCell and injected it into growth media in the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG). After all six BioCells are processed they are put in BioCell Habitat 1 which is placed in the Space Automated Bioproduct Lab (SABL).  Beginning with the media injection, subsequent BioCell operations are performed inside the MSG.  Later in the day the crew removed a media kit from a Microgravity Experiment Research Locker / INcubator (MERLIN) and inserted it into an ambient Cargo Transfer Bag for the next day’s operations. This is the first of four weeks of OsteoOmics operations. A different BioCell Habitat, each containing six BioCells in media, is used each week. Crewmembers experience bone loss in orbit, stemming from the lack of gravity acting on their bones. OsteoOmics investigates the molecular mechanisms that dictate this bone loss by examining osteoblasts which form bone, and osteoclasts, which dissolve bone. Improved understanding of these mechanisms could lead to more effective countermeasures to prevent bone loss during space missions and in a wide range of disorders on Earth. This may lead to better preventative care or therapeutic treatments for people suffering bone loss as a result of bone diseases like osteopenia and osteoporosis, or for patients on prolonged bed rest. Fluidics:  The crew assembled Fluidics hardware and installed and configured it on seat-tracks in the Columbus module. They then started the first science run. Following completion of that run the crew replaced fluid tanks and performed the second run.  Fluidics is a fluid mechanics experiment with two main objectives:  a Slosh Study to investigate fluid behavior under microgravity during satellite maneuvers, and a Wave Turbulence Study to investigate the impact of capillary effect on wave turbulence without being masked by the effect of gravity.  Two tanks with different filling rations (50% and 75%) for Slosh and one tank with water for Wave Turbulence are used. Radiation Dosimetry Inside ISS-Neutron (RaDI-N) Retrieval:  The crew retrieved all 8 of the Space Bubble Detectors that were deployed last week in the Node 2 module for the RaDI-N experiment and handed them over to the Russian crewmember to be processed in the Bubble Reader. This Canadian Space Agency (CSA) RaDI-N investigation measures neutron radiation levels while onboard the ISS.  Bubble detectors are used as neutron monitors designed to only detect neutrons and ignore all other radiation.  Dose Tracker: The crew completed a weekly medication tracking entry in the Dose Tracker application that runs on an iPad.  Dose Tracker documents the medication usage of crewmembers before and during their missions by capturing data regarding medication use during spaceflight, including side effect qualities, frequencies and severities. The investigation is expected to provide anecdotal evidence of medication effectiveness during flight and any unusual side effects experienced. It is also expected that specific, near-real-time questioning about symptom relief and side effects will provide the data required to establish whether spaceflight-associated alterations in pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics is occurring during missions. Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Preparations: In preparation for the EXPRESS Pallet Controller Assembly  (ExPCA) EVA currently planned for May 12, the crew configured computers to record Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs) 3006 and 3008 operating data which ground teams will use for detailed analysis of the suits’ function. The crew also performed loop scrubs on the EMUs and filled the empty Liquid Cooling Venting Garments (LCVGs) with water which will provide cooling for the crew members during the EVA. Mobile Servicing System (MSS) Operations: Yesterday evening Robotics Ground Controllers powered up the MSS and maneuvered the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) Body and Arm 2 as required to stow Robot Micro Conical Tool #2 (RMCT2) in the SPDM Tool Holder Assembly (THA).  They then configured the SPDM for the start of the Main Bus Switching Unit #2 (MBSU2) R&R and maneuvered the Space Station Robotic Manipulator System (SSRMS) into position to perform a survey of MBSU2 using SPDM and SSRMS cameras. Finally, Controllers maneuvered the SSRMS to the start position for the MBSU2 R&R which is scheduled on May 4. Today’s Planned Activities All activities were completed unless otherwise noted. Virus Definition File Update on Auxiliary Computer System (ВКС) Laptops VIZIR. СКПИ Battery Charge Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Initiation OsteoOmics MSG Operations Regeneration of БМП Ф1 Micropurification Cartridge (start) Charging Sony PMW-EX1R camcorder battery (start) OsteoOmics Thaw Kit Retrieval Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Maintenance Scrub Initiation Recharging Soyuz 735 Samsung PC Battery  (if charge level is below 80%) OsteoOmics Thaw Bag Retrieval OsteoOmics MELFI Retrieval Crew time for ISS adaptation and orientation OsteoOmics BioCell Thaw Operations Initiate water transfer from CWC-I to ЕДВ No.1237 Removal of Battery Module No.2 ПТАБ-1М (pos.А302), preparation Terminate water transfer from CWC-I to ЕДВ Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Verification Steps PROFILAKTIKA-2. Preparation for the Experiment Ops PROFILAKTIKA-2. Operator Assistance in Preparation for the Experiment Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Post Scrub Cooling Loop Water (H2O) Sample Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Maintenance Scrub Reconfiguration PROFILAKTIKA-2. Experiment Ops on БД-2 Treadmill Terminate Soyuz 735 Samsung PC Battery Charge (as necessary) Charging Sony PMW-EX1R camcorder battery (end) VIZIR. End СКПИ battery charge Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Liquid Cooling Ventilation Garment (LVCG) Water Fill PROFILAKTIKA-2. Close-out ops (Operator) OsteoOmics BioCell Habitat Cleanup Photo/TV Camcorder Setup Verification Extravehicular Mobility Unit Fan Dryout Crew time for ISS adaptation and orientation Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Full Water Tank Dump and Fill TOCA Water Recovery System (WRS) Sample Analysis Search for missing СтА accessories (hatch tool, electric plugs, connector caps) in SM ПрК CASKAD. Manual Mixing in Bioreactor CONSTANTA-2. Removal of Cassette from ТБУ-В and setup on panel for 1-hour warmup Fluidics hardware installation and science run start Filling (separation) of ЕДВ (КОВ) for Elektron or ЕДВ-СВ. CONSTANTA-2. Preparation and Execution 3. Tagup with specialists EVA Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Scrub Deconfiguration OsteoOmics BioCell Split Habitability Human Factors Directed Observations – Subject Emergency Cue Card Trash СОЖ Maintenance Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Conductivity Test Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Deconfig SPRINT PI Conference Photo/TV Camcorder […] from NASA https://go.nasa.gov/2oXSn2E via IFTTT | Java Wisata

[livefreeshop]

OsteoOmics:  The crew thawed a BioCell and injected it into growth media in the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG). After all six BioCells are processed they are put in BioCell Habitat 1 which is placed in the Space Automated Bioproduct Lab (SABL).  Beginning with the media injection, subsequent BioCell operations are performed inside the MSG.  Later in the day the crew removed a media kit from a Microgravity Experiment Research Locker / INcubator (MERLIN) and inserted it into an ambient Cargo Transfer Bag for the next day’s operations. This is the first of four weeks of OsteoOmics operations. A different BioCell Habitat, each containing six BioCells in media, is used each week. Crewmembers experience bone loss in orbit, stemming from the lack of gravity acting on their bones. OsteoOmics investigates the molecular mechanisms that dictate this bone loss by examining osteoblasts which form bone, and osteoclasts, which dissolve bone. Improved understanding of these mechanisms could lead to more effective countermeasures to prevent bone loss during space missions and in a wide range of disorders on Earth. This may lead to better preventative care or therapeutic treatments for people suffering bone loss as a result of bone diseases like osteopenia and osteoporosis, or for patients on prolonged bed rest. Fluidics:  The crew assembled Fluidics hardware and installed and configured it on seat-tracks in the Columbus module. They then started the first science run. Following completion of that run the crew replaced fluid tanks and performed the second run.  Fluidics is a fluid mechanics experiment with two main objectives:  a Slosh Study to investigate fluid behavior under microgravity during satellite maneuvers, and a Wave Turbulence Study to investigate the impact of capillary effect on wave turbulence without being masked by the effect of gravity.  Two tanks with different filling rations (50% and 75%) for Slosh and one tank with water for Wave Turbulence are used. Radiation Dosimetry Inside ISS-Neutron (RaDI-N) Retrieval:  The crew retrieved all 8 of the Space Bubble Detectors that were deployed last week in the Node 2 module for the RaDI-N experiment and handed them over to the Russian crewmember to be processed in the Bubble Reader. This Canadian Space Agency (CSA) RaDI-N investigation measures neutron radiation levels while onboard the ISS.  Bubble detectors are used as neutron monitors designed to only detect neutrons and ignore all other radiation.  Dose Tracker: The crew completed a weekly medication tracking entry in the Dose Tracker application that runs on an iPad.  Dose Tracker documents the medication usage of crewmembers before and during their missions by capturing data regarding medication use during spaceflight, including side effect qualities, frequencies and severities. The investigation is expected to provide anecdotal evidence of medication effectiveness during flight and any unusual side effects experienced. It is also expected that specific, near-real-time questioning about symptom relief and side effects will provide the data required to establish whether spaceflight-associated alterations in pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics is occurring during missions. Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Preparations: In preparation for the EXPRESS Pallet Controller Assembly  (ExPCA) EVA currently planned for May 12, the crew configured computers to record Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs) 3006 and 3008 operating data which ground teams will use for detailed analysis of the suits’ function. The crew also performed loop scrubs on the EMUs and filled the empty Liquid Cooling Venting Garments (LCVGs) with water which will provide cooling for the crew members during the EVA. Mobile Servicing System (MSS) Operations: Yesterday evening Robotics Ground Controllers powered up the MSS and maneuvered the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) Body and Arm 2 as required to stow Robot Micro Conical Tool #2 (RMCT2) in the SPDM Tool Holder Assembly (THA).  They then configured the SPDM for the start of the Main Bus Switching Unit #2 (MBSU2) R&R and maneuvered the Space Station Robotic Manipulator System (SSRMS) into position to perform a survey of MBSU2 using SPDM and SSRMS cameras. Finally, Controllers maneuvered the SSRMS to the start position for the MBSU2 R&R which is scheduled on May 4. Today’s Planned Activities All activities were completed unless otherwise noted. Virus Definition File Update on Auxiliary Computer System (ВКС) Laptops VIZIR. СКПИ Battery Charge Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Initiation OsteoOmics MSG Operations Regeneration of БМП Ф1 Micropurification Cartridge (start) Charging Sony PMW-EX1R camcorder battery (start) OsteoOmics Thaw Kit Retrieval Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Maintenance Scrub Initiation Recharging Soyuz 735 Samsung PC Battery  (if charge level is below 80%) OsteoOmics Thaw Bag Retrieval OsteoOmics MELFI Retrieval Crew time for ISS adaptation and orientation OsteoOmics BioCell Thaw Operations Initiate water transfer from CWC-I to ЕДВ No.1237 Removal of Battery Module No.2 ПТАБ-1М (pos.А302), preparation Terminate water transfer from CWC-I to ЕДВ Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Verification Steps PROFILAKTIKA-2. Preparation for the Experiment Ops PROFILAKTIKA-2. Operator Assistance in Preparation for the Experiment Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Post Scrub Cooling Loop Water (H2O) Sample Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Maintenance Scrub Reconfiguration PROFILAKTIKA-2. Experiment Ops on БД-2 Treadmill Terminate Soyuz 735 Samsung PC Battery Charge (as necessary) Charging Sony PMW-EX1R camcorder battery (end) VIZIR. End СКПИ battery charge Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Liquid Cooling Ventilation Garment (LVCG) Water Fill PROFILAKTIKA-2. Close-out ops (Operator) OsteoOmics BioCell Habitat Cleanup Photo/TV Camcorder Setup Verification Extravehicular Mobility Unit Fan Dryout Crew time for ISS adaptation and orientation Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Full Water Tank Dump and Fill TOCA Water Recovery System (WRS) Sample Analysis Search for missing СтА accessories (hatch tool, electric plugs, connector caps) in SM ПрК CASKAD. Manual Mixing in Bioreactor CONSTANTA-2. Removal of Cassette from ТБУ-В and setup on panel for 1-hour warmup Fluidics hardware installation and science run start Filling (separation) of ЕДВ (КОВ) for Elektron or ЕДВ-СВ. CONSTANTA-2. Preparation and Execution 3. Tagup with specialists EVA Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Scrub Deconfiguration OsteoOmics BioCell Split Habitability Human Factors Directed Observations – Subject Emergency Cue Card Trash СОЖ Maintenance Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Conductivity Test Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Deconfig SPRINT PI Conference Photo/TV Camcorder […] May 02, 2017 at 10:00AM from NASA https://go.nasa.gov/2p5s7yl via IFTTT

[hrhprince]

ISS Daily Summary Report – 5/02/2017

OsteoOmics:  The crew thawed a BioCell and injected it into growth media in the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG). After all six BioCells are processed they are put in BioCell Habitat 1 which is placed in the Space Automated Bioproduct Lab (SABL).  Beginning with the media injection, subsequent BioCell operations are performed inside the MSG.  Later in the day the crew removed a media kit from a Microgravity Experiment Research Locker / INcubator (MERLIN) and inserted it into an ambient Cargo Transfer Bag for the next day’s operations. This is the first of four weeks of OsteoOmics operations. A different BioCell Habitat, each containing six BioCells in media, is used each week. Crewmembers experience bone loss in orbit, stemming from the lack of gravity acting on their bones. OsteoOmics investigates the molecular mechanisms that dictate this bone loss by examining osteoblasts which form bone, and osteoclasts, which dissolve bone. Improved understanding of these mechanisms could lead to more effective countermeasures to prevent bone loss during space missions and in a wide range of disorders on Earth. This may lead to better preventative care or therapeutic treatments for people suffering bone loss as a result of bone diseases like osteopenia and osteoporosis, or for patients on prolonged bed rest. Fluidics:  The crew assembled Fluidics hardware and installed and configured it on seat-tracks in the Columbus module. They then started the first science run. Following completion of that run the crew replaced fluid tanks and performed the second run.  Fluidics is a fluid mechanics experiment with two main objectives:  a Slosh Study to investigate fluid behavior under microgravity during satellite maneuvers, and a Wave Turbulence Study to investigate the impact of capillary effect on wave turbulence without being masked by the effect of gravity.  Two tanks with different filling rations (50% and 75%) for Slosh and one tank with water for Wave Turbulence are used. Radiation Dosimetry Inside ISS-Neutron (RaDI-N) Retrieval:  The crew retrieved all 8 of the Space Bubble Detectors that were deployed last week in the Node 2 module for the RaDI-N experiment and handed them over to the Russian crewmember to be processed in the Bubble Reader. This Canadian Space Agency (CSA) RaDI-N investigation measures neutron radiation levels while onboard the ISS.  Bubble detectors are used as neutron monitors designed to only detect neutrons and ignore all other radiation.  Dose Tracker: The crew completed a weekly medication tracking entry in the Dose Tracker application that runs on an iPad.  Dose Tracker documents the medication usage of crewmembers before and during their missions by capturing data regarding medication use during spaceflight, including side effect qualities, frequencies and severities. The investigation is expected to provide anecdotal evidence of medication effectiveness during flight and any unusual side effects experienced. It is also expected that specific, near-real-time questioning about symptom relief and side effects will provide the data required to establish whether spaceflight-associated alterations in pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics is occurring during missions. Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Preparations: In preparation for the EXPRESS Pallet Controller Assembly  (ExPCA) EVA currently planned for May 12, the crew configured computers to record Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs) 3006 and 3008 operating data which ground teams will use for detailed analysis of the suits’ function. The crew also performed loop scrubs on the EMUs and filled the empty Liquid Cooling Venting Garments (LCVGs) with water which will provide cooling for the crew members during the EVA. Mobile Servicing System (MSS) Operations: Yesterday evening Robotics Ground Controllers powered up the MSS and maneuvered the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) Body and Arm 2 as required to stow Robot Micro Conical Tool #2 (RMCT2) in the SPDM Tool Holder Assembly (THA).  They then configured the SPDM for the start of the Main Bus Switching Unit #2 (MBSU2) R&R and maneuvered the Space Station Robotic Manipulator System (SSRMS) into position to perform a survey of MBSU2 using SPDM and SSRMS cameras. Finally, Controllers maneuvered the SSRMS to the start position for the MBSU2 R&R which is scheduled on May 4. Today’s Planned Activities All activities were completed unless otherwise noted. Virus Definition File Update on Auxiliary Computer System (ВКС) Laptops VIZIR. СКПИ Battery Charge Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Initiation OsteoOmics MSG Operations Regeneration of БМП Ф1 Micropurification Cartridge (start) Charging Sony PMW-EX1R camcorder battery (start) OsteoOmics Thaw Kit Retrieval Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Maintenance Scrub Initiation Recharging Soyuz 735 Samsung PC Battery  (if charge level is below 80%) OsteoOmics Thaw Bag Retrieval OsteoOmics MELFI Retrieval Crew time for ISS adaptation and orientation OsteoOmics BioCell Thaw Operations Initiate water transfer from CWC-I to ЕДВ No.1237 Removal of Battery Module No.2 ПТАБ-1М (pos.А302), preparation Terminate water transfer from CWC-I to ЕДВ Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Verification Steps PROFILAKTIKA-2. Preparation for the Experiment Ops PROFILAKTIKA-2. Operator Assistance in Preparation for the Experiment Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Post Scrub Cooling Loop Water (H2O) Sample Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Maintenance Scrub Reconfiguration PROFILAKTIKA-2. Experiment Ops on БД-2 Treadmill Terminate Soyuz 735 Samsung PC Battery Charge (as necessary) Charging Sony PMW-EX1R camcorder battery (end) VIZIR. End СКПИ battery charge Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Liquid Cooling Ventilation Garment (LVCG) Water Fill PROFILAKTIKA-2. Close-out ops (Operator) OsteoOmics BioCell Habitat Cleanup Photo/TV Camcorder Setup Verification Extravehicular Mobility Unit Fan Dryout Crew time for ISS adaptation and orientation Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Full Water Tank Dump and Fill TOCA Water Recovery System (WRS) Sample Analysis Search for missing СтА accessories (hatch tool, electric plugs, connector caps) in SM ПрК CASKAD. Manual Mixing in Bioreactor CONSTANTA-2. Removal of Cassette from ТБУ-В and setup on panel for 1-hour warmup Fluidics hardware installation and science run start Filling (separation) of ЕДВ (КОВ) for Elektron or ЕДВ-СВ. CONSTANTA-2. Preparation and Execution 3. Tagup with specialists EVA Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Scrub Deconfiguration OsteoOmics BioCell Split Habitability Human Factors Directed Observations – Subject Emergency Cue Card Trash СОЖ Maintenance Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Conductivity Test Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Deconfig SPRINT PI Conference Photo/TV Camcorder […] from NASA http://ift.tt/2qERSXA via IFTTT

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OsteoOmics:  The crew thawed a BioCell and injected it into growth media in the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG). After all six BioCells are processed they are put in BioCell Habitat 1 which is placed in the Space Automated Bioproduct Lab (SABL).  Beginning with the media injection, subsequent BioCell operations are performed inside the MSG.  Later in the day the crew removed a media kit from a Microgravity Experiment Research Locker / INcubator (MERLIN) and inserted it into an ambient Cargo Transfer Bag for the next day’s operations. This is the first of four weeks of OsteoOmics operations. A different BioCell Habitat, each containing six BioCells in media, is used each week. Crewmembers experience bone loss in orbit, stemming from the lack of gravity acting on their bones. OsteoOmics investigates the molecular mechanisms that dictate this bone loss by examining osteoblasts which form bone, and osteoclasts, which dissolve bone. Improved understanding of these mechanisms could lead to more effective countermeasures to prevent bone loss during space missions and in a wide range of disorders on Earth. This may lead to better preventative care or therapeutic treatments for people suffering bone loss as a result of bone diseases like osteopenia and osteoporosis, or for patients on prolonged bed rest. Fluidics:  The crew assembled Fluidics hardware and installed and configured it on seat-tracks in the Columbus module. They then started the first science run. Following completion of that run the crew replaced fluid tanks and performed the second run.  Fluidics is a fluid mechanics experiment with two main objectives:  a Slosh Study to investigate fluid behavior under microgravity during satellite maneuvers, and a Wave Turbulence Study to investigate the impact of capillary effect on wave turbulence without being masked by the effect of gravity.  Two tanks with different filling rations (50% and 75%) for Slosh and one tank with water for Wave Turbulence are used. Radiation Dosimetry Inside ISS-Neutron (RaDI-N) Retrieval:  The crew retrieved all 8 of the Space Bubble Detectors that were deployed last week in the Node 2 module for the RaDI-N experiment and handed them over to the Russian crewmember to be processed in the Bubble Reader. This Canadian Space Agency (CSA) RaDI-N investigation measures neutron radiation levels while onboard the ISS.  Bubble detectors are used as neutron monitors designed to only detect neutrons and ignore all other radiation.  Dose Tracker: The crew completed a weekly medication tracking entry in the Dose Tracker application that runs on an iPad.  Dose Tracker documents the medication usage of crewmembers before and during their missions by capturing data regarding medication use during spaceflight, including side effect qualities, frequencies and severities. The investigation is expected to provide anecdotal evidence of medication effectiveness during flight and any unusual side effects experienced. It is also expected that specific, near-real-time questioning about symptom relief and side effects will provide the data required to establish whether spaceflight-associated alterations in pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics is occurring during missions. Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Preparations: In preparation for the EXPRESS Pallet Controller Assembly  (ExPCA) EVA currently planned for May 12, the crew configured computers to record Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs) 3006 and 3008 operating data which ground teams will use for detailed analysis of the suits’ function. The crew also performed loop scrubs on the EMUs and filled the empty Liquid Cooling Venting Garments (LCVGs) with water which will provide cooling for the crew members during the EVA. Mobile Servicing System (MSS) Operations: Yesterday evening Robotics Ground Controllers powered up the MSS and maneuvered the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) Body and Arm 2 as required to stow Robot Micro Conical Tool #2 (RMCT2) in the SPDM Tool Holder Assembly (THA).  They then configured the SPDM for the start of the Main Bus Switching Unit #2 (MBSU2) R&R and maneuvered the Space Station Robotic Manipulator System (SSRMS) into position to perform a survey of MBSU2 using SPDM and SSRMS cameras. Finally, Controllers maneuvered the SSRMS to the start position for the MBSU2 R&R which is scheduled on May 4. Today’s Planned Activities All activities were completed unless otherwise noted. Virus Definition File Update on Auxiliary Computer System (ВКС) Laptops VIZIR. СКПИ Battery Charge Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Initiation OsteoOmics MSG Operations Regeneration of БМП Ф1 Micropurification Cartridge (start) Charging Sony PMW-EX1R camcorder battery (start) OsteoOmics Thaw Kit Retrieval Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Maintenance Scrub Initiation Recharging Soyuz 735 Samsung PC Battery  (if charge level is below 80%) OsteoOmics Thaw Bag Retrieval OsteoOmics MELFI Retrieval Crew time for ISS adaptation and orientation OsteoOmics BioCell Thaw Operations Initiate water transfer from CWC-I to ЕДВ No.1237 Removal of Battery Module No.2 ПТАБ-1М (pos.А302), preparation Terminate water transfer from CWC-I to ЕДВ Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Verification Steps PROFILAKTIKA-2. Preparation for the Experiment Ops PROFILAKTIKA-2. Operator Assistance in Preparation for the Experiment Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Post Scrub Cooling Loop Water (H2O) Sample Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Maintenance Scrub Reconfiguration PROFILAKTIKA-2. Experiment Ops on БД-2 Treadmill Terminate Soyuz 735 Samsung PC Battery Charge (as necessary) Charging Sony PMW-EX1R camcorder battery (end) VIZIR. End СКПИ battery charge Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Liquid Cooling Ventilation Garment (LVCG) Water Fill PROFILAKTIKA-2. Close-out ops (Operator) OsteoOmics BioCell Habitat Cleanup Photo/TV Camcorder Setup Verification Extravehicular Mobility Unit Fan Dryout Crew time for ISS adaptation and orientation Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Full Water Tank Dump and Fill TOCA Water Recovery System (WRS) Sample Analysis Search for missing СтА accessories (hatch tool, electric plugs, connector caps) in SM ПрК CASKAD. Manual Mixing in Bioreactor CONSTANTA-2. Removal of Cassette from ТБУ-В and setup on panel for 1-hour warmup Fluidics hardware installation and science run start Filling (separation) of ЕДВ (КОВ) for Elektron or ЕДВ-СВ. CONSTANTA-2. Preparation and Execution 3. Tagup with specialists EVA Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Cooling Loop Scrub Deconfiguration OsteoOmics BioCell Split Habitability Human Factors Directed Observations – Subject Emergency Cue Card Trash СОЖ Maintenance Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Conductivity Test Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) High Speed Data Deconfig SPRINT PI Conference Photo/TV Camcorder […] from ISS On-Orbit Status Report https://go.nasa.gov/2p5s7yl