#textest

[flexitest1234]

Different standards & applications of air permeability tests performed in industries.

Air permeability testing is a common procedure performed in various industries to determine the permeability or air flow characteristics of materials. The test involves measuring the rate at which air passes through a material under specific conditions.  Here are some of the industries and applications where air permeability testing is commonly performed: 

Textile Industry:

In the textile industry, air permeability testing is crucial for evaluating the breathability of fabrics. It helps assess how well air can pass through a fabric, which is essential for clothing, sportswear, outdoor gear, and medical textiles. Fabrics with appropriate air permeability can provide comfort and moisture management.

Filtration Industry:

Air permeability testing is widely used in the filtration industry to assess the efficiency of filters. It helps determine how effectively air can pass through a filter medium while retaining particles or contaminants. This is essential in applications like HVAC filters, automotive air filters, industrial dust collectors, and cleanroom environments.

Paper and Packaging Industry:

Air permeability testing is employed in the paper and packaging industry to evaluate the porosity of paper, cardboard, and various packaging materials. It helps assess the breathability, ventilation, and sealing properties of these materials, which are essential for applications like packaging, food preservation, and printing.

Building and Construction:

In the building and construction sector, air permeability testing is performed to evaluate the airtightness of building materials and structures. It is crucial for ensuring energy efficiency and preventing air leakage in windows, doors, building envelopes, and insulation materials.

Automotive Industry:

Automotive manufacturers use air permeability testing to assess the air flow characteristics of materials used in airbags, seat cushions, headliners, and other interior components. It helps ensure occupant comfort and safety.

Geotextile and Geosynthetics Industry:

Air permeability testing is utilized to evaluate the permeability of geotextiles and geosynthetics. These materials are used in civil engineering applications like road construction, erosion control, drainage systems, and landfill liners.

Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry:

In the medical and pharmaceutical fields, air permeability testing is important for evaluating the breathability of wound dressings, bandages, and other medical textiles. It helps determine their suitability for wound healing and patient comfort.

Aerospace and Defense:

Air permeability testing is used in aerospace and defense applications to assess the air flow characteristics of materials used in aircraft components, protective gear, and parachute fabrics.

These are just a few examples of industries and applications where air permeability testing plays a vital role in quality control, product development, and performance evaluation. The test results help manufacturers and engineers make informed decisions about material selection, design improvements, and compliance with industry standards.

Air permeability plays a crucial role in various industries, including geotech, automotive, indutech (industrial technology), mobiltech (mobile technology), and sportech (sports technology). Here's why air permeability is important in each of these industries:

Geotech Industry: Importance in Geotextiles: Geotextiles and geosynthetics are permeable fabrics used in civil engineering applications like road construction, erosion control, drainage systems, and soil stabilization. Air permeability testing helps determine their porosity, which is crucial for their filtration and drainage properties. Proper air permeability ensures efficient water flow, preventing erosion and maintaining soil stability.

Automotive Industry: Comfort and Safety: In the automotive industry, air permeability is vital for seat cushions, headliners, and interior components. It affects the breathability and ventilation of materials, contributing to passenger comfort during long journeys. Air permeability is also considered in the design of airbags, ensuring their proper inflation and deployment in the event of a collision. 

Indutech (Industrial Technology): Filtration Systems: In various industrial applications, such as dust collectors and air purifiers, air permeability is critical in the design and performance of filtration systems. It helps engineers assess the efficiency of filters, ensuring effective removal of particles, pollutants, and contaminants from industrial processes and air quality control. 

Mobiltech (Mobile Technology): Breathability of Smart Fabrics: In the mobiltech industry, which includes wearable technology and smart textiles, air permeability is essential for creating comfortable and breathable fabrics. Wearable devices and smart clothing often incorporate electronic components, and adequate air permeability ensures proper ventilation and user comfort during prolonged use. 

Sportech (Sports Technology): Performance Apparel: In the sportech industry, where sports apparel and equipment are developed, air permeability is considered for performance apparel. Breathable and moisture-wicking fabrics with appropriate air permeability help athletes stay comfortable, maintain body temperature, and improve performance during physical activities.

Air permeability testing is a vital parameter in these industries, enabling engineers and manufacturers to design and produce products with optimal breathability, comfort, safety, and performance. It ensures that materials and products meet specific requirements, adhere to industry standards, and deliver the desired functionality for various applications.

The purpose of tests performed in geotech, automotive, indutech, mobiltech, and sportech industries varies based on the specific industry and application. These tests serve various objectives, including quality control, safety assessment, performance evaluation, compliance with standards, and research and development.  

Geotech Industry: Soil Testing: Geotechnical tests are conducted to assess the properties of soils and rocks for engineering purposes. These tests help determine soil strength, compaction, permeability, and shear resistance to ensure the stability and safety of civil engineering projects such as buildings, bridges, and dams.

Geosynthetic Testing: Tests on geosynthetics, like geotextiles and geomembranes, evaluate their properties, including tensile strength, puncture resistance, and permeability. These tests ensure the effectiveness of these materials in applications such as erosion control, drainage systems, and environmental protection.

Automotive Industry: Safety and Compliance Testing: Automotive tests focus on evaluating the safety and compliance of vehicles with industry regulations and standards. Crash tests, airbag deployment tests, and emissions testing are some examples of assessments performed to ensure vehicle safety and environmental regulations compliance.

Performance Evaluation: Tests are conducted to assess vehicle performance, such as acceleration, braking, fuel efficiency, and handling. These evaluations aid in improving vehicle design and meeting consumer expectations. 

Indutech (Industrial Technology): Filtration Efficiency: Industrial technology tests involve evaluating the efficiency of filtration systems used in dust collectors, air purifiers, and industrial processes. These tests help ensure effective removal of contaminants from the air and maintain a safe and clean working environment.

Mobiltech (Mobile Technology): Wearable Technology Evaluation: Mobiltech tests assess the functionality and performance of wearable technology devices. These tests ensure the reliability of the technology, comfort for users, and proper integration into clothing or accessories. 

Sportech (Sports Technology): Performance Evaluation: Sports technology tests focus on evaluating the performance of sports equipment and apparel. These tests assess factors such as breathability, moisture-wicking properties, impact resistance, and durability to optimize the performance and safety of athletes. In summary, tests in these industries serve specific purposes aligned with the nature of their products and applications. They are vital for ensuring quality, safety, compliance, and performance optimization. Additionally, research and development tests aid in the continuous improvement of products and technologies, leading to innovation and advancement within these industries.

Below are some examples of standards and applications for testers used in each industry:

Geotech Industry: Standard: ASTM D3080 - Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions

Application: This standard is used for testing the shear strength properties of soils. It helps assess the stability of soil structures, such as retaining walls and embankments.

Automotive Industry: Standard: ISO 16750 - Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment

Application: This standard provides guidelines for environmental testing of electrical and electronic components in vehicles. It includes tests for temperature, humidity, vibration, and mechanical shock to ensure the components can withstand harsh automotive conditions.

Indutech (Industrial Technology): Standard: ISO 5011 - Air filters for general ventilation - Determination of the filtration performance

Application: This standard is used to test and evaluate the filtration performance of air filters used in general ventilation systems, ensuring their efficiency in removing airborne particles.

Mobiltech (Mobile Technology): Standard: ASTM F2293 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Initial Efficiency of Materials Used in Medical Face Masks to Penetration by Particulates Using Latex Spheres

Application: This standard is used to test the initial filtration efficiency of materials used in medical face masks, evaluating their ability to filter out airborne particles.

Sportech (Sports Technology): Standard: ASTM F1614 - Standard Test Method for Segmented Turning Test for Evaluating Knee Wear of Polymeric Materials and Tibial Trays

Application: This standard is used to test the wear resistance of polymeric materials used in knee implants, ensuring their durability and performance in sports-related activities.

It's important to note that these are just a few examples, and each industry has numerous other standards and applications for various testers and testing methods. These standards help ensure consistency, reliability, and safety in the design, production, and use of products within each respective industry.

[flexitest]

Air Permeability Tester | Testing instruments for technical textiles

Textest For the fast, simple, and accurate determination of air permeability. Call us to get the best price in the Market - 9326325135 or mail us at sales@flexitest.in

[g2r-der-zweite]

Sandy, du sexy @stiefelschlampe69 . Bist schon wieder ganz geil und textest mir, ich soll vorbei kommen und dich ficken.

[simsforumrpg]

„Du weißt dass ich das nicht mag, wenn du mir deswegen textest ...nächstes Mal fragst du in der Schule, klar?“ Nadine liegt wohl eine Erwiderung auf der Zunge, sie verkneift es sich aber und meint nur: „ Ja, ….Chef.“ und zieht spöttisch eine Augenbraue hoch. Chip verteilt die Bier und öffnet für Nadine und Blaze gleich die Flasche mit dem Feuerzeug, was ihm von ihrer Seite aus doch noch einen zickigen Kommentar einbringt. „Bist du meine Mama oder was? Stell dir vor, Mädchen können sowas...“.Die Flasche nimmt sie aber trotzdem. Chip schüttelt nur den Kopf und rollt mit den Augen. Blaze bekommt davon nichts mit, er nimmt geistesabwesend sein Bier entgegen und liest irgendwas auf seinem Handy. Chip stellt Jinoh eins in Reichweite, den Service mit öffnen spart er sich. „Na dann, Leute...Prost!“ Er stößt mit Nadine und Jinoh an, nimmt einen großen Schluck und verschluckt sich fast, als Blaze ihn mit dem Ellbogen anrempelt. „Ey, zieh dir das mal rein.“ Es tut mir leid, Herr Blaisdell, sie vorhin voreilig der Schule verwiesen zu haben. Ich war, denke ich, zu Recht verärgert, dass Sie Madame Fouchés Wagen willentlich mit Kieseselsteinen zerkratzt haben. Sie hätten mir sagen können, dass Sie eine Fixierung der Farbe bemerkten, die mir nicht bekannt war. Das Entschuldigt aber nicht mein vorschnelles Handeln. Natürlich beginnt für Sie Morgen wieder der Unterricht wie gewöhnlich. Zur Behebung des nunmehr tatsächlich entstandenen Sachschadens finden Sie sich bitte in Madame Fouchés nächstem Schulprojekt Wallart ein. „Alter! Das wird ja immer noch mehr psycho...das hat dann wohl jetzt freundliche Dr. Jekyll geschrieben....und wenn es jetzt dunkel wird , kommt gleich noch ne Drohnachricht von Mr.Hyde...“ Mit tiefer,dunkler Stimme ahmt Chip den Proschinsky nach: „Vergessen Sie, was sie eben gelesen haben, ich handelte erneut vorschnell...sie werden mit sofortiger Wirkung wieder der Schule verwiesen und ich melde mich nach Sonnenaufgang wieder, ob das so bleibt. Er überlegt kurz. „Warte, ich schau mal bei mir.“ Während zwischen Blaze und Nadine irgendein Geplänkel losgeht,kramt er sein Handy aus dem Rucksack , findet eine neue Nachricht und liest. „Glatt....genau derselbe Text, nur dass ich erstmal von der Schulband freigestellt bin und mich dafür in Wallart einfinden soll... also keine Stunde mit Denize...“ „Wow. Du kannst auf zwei zählen. Klasse.“ Nadines Stimme. „Pass mal bisschen auf, ja?“ Blaze' Erwiderung holt ihn aus seinen Überlegungen. Er klinkt sich ein. „Was gibt’s da seit Neuestem? Onlinestundenplan? Nix davon gehört bisher....aber dank Fr.Professor Strebsam Nadine sind wir ja jetzt auf dem neuesten Stand.“ Er grinst in ihre Richtung und bekommt ein: „Pffff...wie Pfeifen“ zur Antwort. Gut dass Blaze zwischen ihnen sitzt, das hätte Nadine einen das Denken anregenden Klaps auf den Hinterkopf eingebracht. „Was hältst du davon..?“ fragt ihn Blaze. „Vom Onlinestundenplan? Oder von der Aufforderung im Wallartkurs irgendwas zu machen? Ersterer interessiert mich genauso viel wie der bisherige.“ Chip ballt die erhobene Faust um ��Null“ zu symbolisieren. Zweiteres...keine Ahnung. Ich denke, wir gehn hin. Bloß....wie stellt die sich das vor? Da sind ja auch noch andere. Machen wir das zur Belustigung vor der Klasse und alle nicken wohlwollend mit den Köpfen? Oder sollen wir ein gutes Beispiel für „künstlerisch wertvolle Gestaltung eines alten Vehikels“ abgeben? Oder machen wir das hinter nem großen Vorhang und am Ende der Stunde wird das Kunstwerk enthüllt. Oder sagt uns die Fouché was wir zu machen haben und... Chips immer noch leicht Marihuana geschwängerten Gedanken gehen mit ihm durch, aber Jinoh mischt sich ein. „Ist das nicht das was du willst, Pendejo?“ fragt er Blaze. Er meint das Auto nochmal legal zu besprühen. Chip nervt seine aufgeblasene Art. „Pendejo...kannst dir denken, wenn du morgens in den Spiegel guckst.“ „Was denkst du wovon ein Künstler lebt? Von illegalen Bildern wo sie keiner haben will? Denk mal nach, Junge.“ Nicht weniger von oben herab. Chip wippt unruhig mit dem Bein, nimmt einen Schluck Bier und denkt trotzdem kurz über das Gesagte nach. Jinoh ist ein ausgefuchster Typ, mit allen Wassern gewaschen. Wahrscheinlich hat er schon zu Grundschulzeiten die Taschen voller Kleingeld gehabt, weil er irgendwelches Zeug vom Flohmarkt zum dreifachen Preis im Internet verkauft hat. Wenn der über was Lukratives redet, sollte man vielleicht zuhören. Chip liebt den verbotenen Aspekt des Sprayens, auch dass seine und Blaze' Werke für alle sichtbar an öffentlichen Plätzen prangen, aber bekannt werden und Geld mit Kunst verdienen wäre auch cool...schließlich will er spätestens in ein, zwei Jahren raus sein von „zuhause“ und richtig Geld verdienen. „Die Karre ist mir doch völlig egal. Die Aussicht auf einen schockiertes Gesicht der Fouché war der Kick.“ hört er Blaze sagen. Chip blickt auf und sieht Jinoh den Kopf schütteln. „Du denkst zu kleine Blazerino... viel zu klein.“ „Wow...das war eine fette Beleidigung.. Jinohlino, du arroganter A...!“ Chips Bein wippt stärker und er widersteht mit einiger Willenskraft dem Impuls an seinem Daumennagel zu kauen. Sein Pegel steigt und am liebsten hätte er dem Dealer eine reingehauen, für dieses herablassende Getue. Aber welcher Spargel schlägt ungestraft eine Wassermelone. Ungefähr so ist das Größenverhältnis zwischen ihm und dem durchtrainierten Bodybuilder. Und dann noch eine Melone, die einen mit Gras versorgt. Blaze kontert: „Ach halt doch den Rand.“ Chips Körperspannung nimmt zu. „Sag das nochmal.“ Diesmal Jinoh, in ziemlich verärgertem Tonfall. „Hast mich schon verstanden..“ sagt Blaze und steht auf. Chip sieht ungläubig wie Blaze sich mit Jinoh anlegt. Unwillkürlich atmet er flacher. Wenn es sein muss steigt er mit in den Ring. „Hat dem der Sturz doch was durcheinandergeschüttelt? Vor Nadine will er wohl nicht klein bei geben, aber trotzdem... Aber Jinoh hat wohl seinen milden Tag heute. Er packt Blaze nur kurz am Shirt und schubst ihn zurück auf die Bank.

Dann beginnt er von einer seltsamen Party zu erzählen. „…...erst gabs ewig kein Essen, das Bier war die reinste Plörre und am Ende gabs einen riesen Aufstand weil angeblich die Bowle vergiftet war. Tz...“ Jinoh trinkt vom Bier und ergänzt. „Und dann war da noch dieser komplett zugedröhnte Typ der sich selbst nicht mehr gespürt hat.“ Jinoh äfft besagten Typ nach: „Meine Schwester, meine Schwester... wo ist sie?“ Der Grosse schüttelt den Kopf. „Mindestens zwei mal kam er hackedicht an, klang nach nem Russen. Hat sich an mich dran gehängt und nach einer.... Irina gefragt die weggelaufen sei. Was ein Psycho.“ Chip wirft trocken ein: „Vielleicht hieß der ja Proschinsky ,der Psycho...“ Nadine fragt noch frech: „Hast du die Bowle vergiftet?“ Chip wirft ihr einen schnellen, prüfenden Blick zu. Mumm hat sie ja, das weiß er von der Pommesbude. Zweimal kommt Nadine kein Kunde dumm, das gefällt ihm an ihr. Jinoh findet's keiner Antwort für würdig und fragt mit einem Blick auf die Uhr. „Und? Was habt ihr noch vor?“ Chips Blick wandert ein Stück weiter auf dem Skateplatz. Ein paar Leute haben das große Lagerfeuer entzündet und es sich dort gemütlich gemacht.

Er hat zwar noch was vor heute Nacht, aber es ist noch nicht spät. „Ich hätt nichts dagegen ans Feuer rüber zu gehen. Sind noch nicht alle alten Hasen da, aber die werden bestimmt auch gleich noch auftauchen. Ist immer spaßig . Wie sieht's aus?“ Er blickt fragend in die Runde.

Start - Zurück / Weiter

[gedankenstop]

Ich kann dir nur eins zu meinen Absichten sagen. Ich möchte gerne das Du positives Karma empfängst und bin nicht an Dir körperlich interessiert . Will dich einfach nur wachsen sehen, egal mit welchen Typen du zusammen bist in der Realität und dass du aus deiner Verzweiflung, die du hier im Internet textest heraus kommst und das kannst du nur durch positives Karma.Das wollte ich schon since 2013, weil ich gemerkt habe du brauchtest eigentlich Hilfe, aber du hast von mir keine Hilfe annehmen w

Mein Glück ist von mir selbst abhängig, nicht von anderen “Typen” oder Menschen. Ich wachse stetig, denn das Leben will uns alle wachsen sehen, egal wie alt wir sind und egal, was wir erlebt haben. Das weiß ich! :) Manchmal poste ich Texte von anderen, weil ich sie mag und damit sie mehr Reichweite bekommen und weil ich gewisse Gefühle und Situationen einfach nachempfinden kann. Entweder weil ich sie selbst erlebt habe oder weil ich einfach mitfühlend bin. Ich hole mir Hilfe, die ich brauche, wenn ich sie brauche! Ich bin kein Mensch, der einfach nur rumsitzt und jammert, im Gegenteil. Wenn das hier manchmal so rüber kommt, liegt es daran das Tumblr einfach eine großartige Plattform ist, um Gedanken zu teilen. Egal welche es sind. Alle Gefühle und Gedanken brauchen einen Platz, an dem sie von einem selbst akzeptiert werden können. Und ich möchte mich schon seit vielen Jahren nicht mehr selbst zerstören, im Gegenteil. :) Also, vielen Dank an Unbekannt, für die Nachricht, die ich leider nicht zu Ende lesen konnte, weil es eine Buchstabenbegrenzung gibt. Und vom Herzen alles Gute, Gesundheit und Liebe! :)

[austrianshitposting]

für des österreich fragen dings: D, H, I, J, Q, F 👌

Dankeschön!!

D: Was hältst du von Kabarett/Kleinkunst?

Love it!!

H: Meinung zu Austropop?

Ich mag vieles!! 

I: Sprichtst du nach der Schrift/Standarddeutsch?

Größtenteils ja

J: Schreibst/textest du in Mundart?

Selten

Q: Was ist deine Lieblingsverwendung des Wortes “Oida”

Es einem Polizisten direkt ins Gesicht sagen 

F: Hast du schon mal “The Sound of Music” geschaut, und was hältst du davon?

nur die erste halbe stunde, dann hab ichs nicht mehr ausgehalten   

[sinamitk]

"Du textest mir in Eile, dass du heute nicht mehr kommst

Ich breche dir die Beine, denn dann läuft's ja nicht davon"

- Beine brechen

[feuer-bluete]

about Wirklich österreichische Fragen, can i ask you about A J M? 😄

A: Aus welchem Bundesland kommst du?

Geboren in Wien, großgeworden in Nö, jetzt wieder in Wien. Im Herzen bin ich aber Niederösterreicher und ein Landkind :D

J: Schreibst/textest du in Mundart?Kaum, 90% der Zeit schreib ich sowieso auf englisch, selbst mit meine Freunden die auch deutsch sprechen.Ab und zu schreib ich in Mundart wenn ich mit wem schreib der auch so schreibt!

M: Was sind die lustigsten Klischees über Österreicher?

Hmm ich glaub das wir alle “Sound of Music” mögen? Damit kenn ich kaum wen der das überhaupt gesehen hat :)Send me really austrian asks!

[irispublishersfashion]

Iris Publishers_Journal of Textile Science & Fashion Technology (JTSFT)

Analysis the Physical Properties of Twill Derivatives: A Case Study

Authored by Tarikul Islam  

Abstract

Predict on physical properties of some derivatives of plain and twill weave is very crucial in textile areas. The main approach of this study is to produce plain and twill weave derivatives in rapier loom and estimate the physical properties by comparing with the quality of same yarn count, EPI, PPI and cover factor for different weave designs. From this study, it is found that the physical properties of Brighton honeycomb structure are better than other twill as well as plain derivatives of our test samples. According to test it is clear that the weave structures influence the fabric quality like Tensile strength, Drape Co-efficient, Air permeability and Fabric thickness. These tests help to control of process, quality of product and in the development of the process.

Keywords: Twill Derivatives; Tensile strength; Drape co-efficient; Air permeability; Fabric thickness

Introduction

Introduction

Woven fabric is mostly used among all other fabrics because of its versatile application for clothing, industrial, commercial and other technical purposes [1]. Though Bangladesh is an auspicious land of textile production, the demand of woven cloth is comparatively less than the knitted one [2].

A woven cloth is formed by the interlacement of two sets of yarns, namely, warp and weft yarns. These yarns are interlaced with one another according to the type of weave or design. The warp yarns are those that run longitudinally along the length of the fabric and the weft yarns are those that run transversely across the fabric. For the sake of the convenience, the warp yarns are termed as ends and the weft as picks or fillings [3]. Large numbers of weave structures are applied in weaving industries like plain, twill, satin etc. with a great variety of derivatives to serve different purposes [4]. Twill weave is one of the main elementary weaves (along with plain, sateen and satin). Characteristically, it produces diagonal lines on the face of the fabric. The weft yarn is passed over one or more warp yarns and then under two or more warp yarns and so on [5]. In rapier loom, an updated weft insertion system is being used. The gripper heads are attached to rapiers which are flexible tapes or rigid rods. Insertion of weft by rapier is a mechanically modern and refined version of the primitive method of fabric production in which the weft was secured in a slot of stick [6]. The void volume in woven textile fabrics causes air permeability. The air permeability of a textile fabric is determined by the rate of air flow through a material under differential pressure between two fabric surfaces. It is generally expressed in SI unit as cm3/cm2/sec. The prescribe pressure differential is 10mm of water [7].

Tensile strength is used to determine the behavior of a sample while under and axial stretching load. From this, the breaking load and elongation can be obtained. The principle of the tensile strength test is simple where the test piece is held in two or more places and extended until it breaks [8]. The drape is the term used to describe the way a fabric hangs under its own weight. It has an important bearing on how good a garment looks in use. The draping qualities required from a piece of fabric will differ completely depending on its end use, therefore a given value for drape cannot be classified as either good or bad. Woven fabrics are relatively stiff when compared with knitted fabrics so that they are used in tailored clothing where the fabric hangs away from the body and disguises its contours. Measurement of a fabric drape is meant to assess its ability to do this and also its ability to hang in graceful curves [8]. The air permeability of a fabric is influenced by several factors: the type of fabric structure, the design of a woven, the number of warp and weft yarns per cm or inch, the amount of twist in the yarns and type of yarn structures [9]. Fabric thickness is one of the most important factors determining thermal comfort. It was found that fabric thickness had a direct effect on thermal transmittance, where the thicker material, the lower the thermal transmittance [10].

In this study, Different types weave structures (Plain and Twill) by using same fabric parameters have been constructed for this study purpose. Then physical behavior of plain and twill weave derivatives such as air permeability, tensile strength, drape-ability, fabric thickness had been evaluated using different techniques. After obtaining the result, it has been showed the comparison of the physical properties of different weave structures.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Fabric: For this experiment, six samples of woven fabrics (Matt, Diaper, Diamond, Brighton honeycomb, Twill, and Vertical Zig-Zag) were produced with different weave design by using respective pattern card in Rapier loom of Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST) weaving lab, Dhaka, Bangladesh. During the production same EPI (72), PPI (42) and width (63.5″) of the fabrics was maintained. In making the fabrics same count yarn (warp count-30Ne, weft count-22Ne) was used. After taking every sample out of the loom they were laid on a table in lay form for 48 hours to get relaxed (Dry Relaxation). Finally, the fabrics were ready for the test.

Machine

The following machinery have been used to develop and analysis the sample from the AUST Lab, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Rapier loom (Dobby, Capacity: 20 Heald frames-2 for Selvedge)

•Air permeability tester (Textest)

• Drape Tester (Cusick)

• Universal Strength Tester (Titan)

• Thickness Gauge (Dial Type)

• Electronic Balance

• Wet and Dry Bulb Hygrometer

• Counting Glass

• Scissor

• GSM Cutter

• Iron Machine

• Stationery items (Scale, Marker pen)

Methods

The sample was developed and tested in AUST lab, Dhaka, Bangladesh and analyzed the samples by the following testing standards:

• Tensile strength: Tensile strength is determined by ASTM D5035-11 (2015) (20s)

• Drape Co-efficient: Drape Co-efficient is determined by BS 5058

• Air permeability: Air permeability is determined by ASTM D737

• Fabric thickness: Fabric thickness is determined with the help of MITUTOYO thickness gauge

Results and Discussion

Determination of GSM value of different fabric design

From the above Figure 1, it is obvious that Brighton honeycomb design has the highest GSM value for having highest number of alternate floats in the fabric. Twill and Diaper design have almost the same GSM. Vertical Zigzag and Diamond have almost same GSM. In case of Matt design, GSM is lower because of higher number of floats in both warp and weft direction.

Indexing List of Iris Publishers: https://medium.com/@irispublishers/what-is-the-indexing-list-of-iris-publishers-4ace353e4eee   Iris publishers google scholar citations: https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=irispublishers&btnG=

For More Information:https://irispublishers.com/jtsft/fulltext/analysis-the-physical-properties-of-twill-derivatives-a-case-study.ID.000585.php

[twenty4plot]

Und ich frag mich wie das enden soll.

Du textest mir wie früher.

Nach so langer Zeit soll alles ok sein?

Nichts ist gut,

nichts bügelt all den Schmerz wieder aus,

den ich wegen dir gefühlt hab.

Und ja, ich frag mich das.

Weil ich für alles andere kein Gefühl mehr hab.

[sycophantcas]

Some Tips On Rational Strategies For Textile Lab Equipment

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[flexitest1234]

Principle & importance of textile testing in the textile industry.

Air permeability tester is an instrument which is used to measure the permeability or the ability of a material to allow the passage of air through it. This measurement is typically performed on fabrics, textiles, and other porous materials. The air permeability of a material is an important factor in various industries, including textiles, filtration, and packaging. Air permeability testers are designed to provide accurate and reproducible measurements. They typically consist of a test chamber or holder to secure the material, a pressure source to create the pressure differential, and a flow measurement device to determine the airflow. The device may also have features such as automatic sample clamping, digital displays, and data logging capabilities for convenient and efficient testing. The principle of an air permeability tester is based on measuring the resistance of a material to the flow of air through it. The device creates a pressure differential across the material and measures the airflow rate, allowing the determination of its air permeability. he specific principle of operation may vary depending on the design and type of air permeability tester, but the basic concept involves the steps like test specimen preparation, it is a type of method where any material is prepared in the form of a circular or square sample of known area. The sample is carefully clamped or mounted in the test apparatus to ensure airtight sealing. A pressure source is connected to the test apparatus. The device applies a pressure differential across the material, with higher pressure on one side and lower pressure on the other side. The pressure differential forces the air to flow through the material. The tester is equipped with a device to measure the airflow rate through the sample. This is commonly done using a calibrated orifice or flow meter. The airflow is typically measured in terms of volume per unit time, such as milliliters per second. The time required for a specific volume of air to flow through the material is measured. The test apparatus records the time taken for the predetermined volume of air to pass through the sample. The air permeability of the material is calculated based on the measured airflow rate and the area of the sample. It is often expressed in terms of air volume (such as milliliters) passing through a specific area (such as square centimeters) under the given pressure differential in a given time period. To ensure accuracy and reliability, multiple measurements are typically taken on different areas or samples of the material, and the results are averaged to obtain a representative value.

textile testing is vital for maintaining product quality, meeting regulatory requirements, evaluating performance, supporting research and development, facilitating material selection, and enhancing customer satisfaction. It helps the textile industry produce safe, reliable, and functional textiles that meet market demands and contribute to its overall growth and success. Textile testing plays a crucial role in the textile industry for reasons such as quality control, compliance with regulations, performance evaluation, reasearch and development, material selection and customer satisfaction and brand reputation.

There are few examples of types of textile testing conducted in the industry. The specific tests performed depend on the properties and characteristics of the textiles being evaluated and the intended applications. Some common types of textile testing include:

Physical Testing: Physical testing involves assessing the physical properties of textiles, such as fabric weight, thickness, tensile strength, tear strength, abrasion resistance, and dimensional stability. These tests help determine the durability, performance, and structural integrity of the materials.

Colorfastness Testing: Colorfastness testing evaluates the resistance of textile materials to color fading or transfer when exposed to various conditions. Tests include colorfastness to light (sunlight), washing, rubbing, perspiration, and other environmental factors. This ensures that the colors of textile products remain stable and do not fade or bleed during use or after washing.

Flammability Testing: Flammability testing assesses the ability of textile materials to resist ignition and spread of flame. These tests are important for ensuring the safety of textiles, especially those used in bedding, upholstery, and children’s clothing. They help determine if a fabric meets specific flammability standards and regulations.

Chemical Testing: Chemical testing involves the analysis of textile materials to detect and quantify the presence of harmful substances, such as heavy metals, formaldehyde, phthalates, or other restricted chemicals. These tests ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and standards related to consumer safety and environmental protection.

Care Labeling Testing: Care labeling testing involves evaluating the performance of textile materials when subjected to recommended care procedures, such as washing, drying, ironing, and dry cleaning. These tests help determine the appropriate care instructions for textiles to maintain their quality, appearance, and functionality.

Comfort Testing: Comfort testing focuses on assessing the comfort-related properties of textiles, including breathability, moisture management, thermal insulation, and skin irritation potential. These tests help manufacturers develop textiles that provide optimal comfort for different applications, such as sportswear, bedding, or medical textiles.

Dimensional Stability Testing: Dimensional stability testing evaluates the ability of textile materials to maintain their shape and size when subjected to various conditions, such as washing, stretching, or heat. This testing ensures that textiles retain their intended dimensions and fit after use or laundering.

Pilling Resistance Testing: Pilling resistance testing measures the tendency of textile materials to form surface fuzz or pills due to friction or wear. These tests help assess the appearance and longevity of fabrics, especially those used in garments or upholstery.

Water and Moisture Management Testing: Water and moisture management testing assesses the ability of textiles to repel or absorb moisture, transport moisture away from the body, or dry quickly. These tests are important for evaluating the performance of fabrics used in sportswear, outdoor gear, or medical textiles.

Textile testing is vital for maintaining product quality, meeting regulatory requirements, evaluating performance, supporting research and development, facilitating material selection, and enhancing customer satisfaction. It helps the textile industry produce safe, reliable, and functional textiles that meet market demands and contribute to its overall growth and success.

Quality Control: Textile testing ensures that the manufactured products meet specific quality standards and requirements. By conducting various tests, such as fabric strength, colorfastness, dimensional stability, and durability, manufacturers can identify any defects or inconsistencies in the materials or production processes. This helps in maintaining consistent quality and prevents substandard products from reaching the market.

Compliance with Regulations: Textile products are subject to various regulations and standards related to safety, health, and environmental factors. Textile testing helps manufacturers ensure that their products comply with these regulations, such as restrictions on hazardous substances (e.g., REACH and Oeko-Tex standards) and flammability requirements. Compliance with these regulations is essential for consumer safety, market access, and avoiding legal issues.

Performance Evaluation: Textiles are used in diverse applications, ranging from apparel and home furnishings to industrial and technical textiles. Testing allows for evaluating the performance characteristics of textiles under specific conditions. For example, tensile strength testing helps determine the fabric’s ability to withstand stress, while moisture management testing assesses its wicking properties. Performance evaluation ensures that textiles perform as intended and meet the functional requirements of different applications.

Research and Development: Textile testing supports research and development efforts in the industry. By testing new fibers, fabrics, or textile treatments, manufacturers can assess their properties, performance, and potential applications. This enables the development of innovative and improved textile materials that meet market demands and offer competitive advantages.

Material Selection: Textile testing assists in the selection of appropriate materials for specific applications. By comparing different fabrics or materials through testing, manufacturers can evaluate their characteristics, such as strength, abrasion resistance, breathability, and colorfastness. This aids in choosing the most suitable materials for desired performance, aesthetics, and cost-effectiveness.

Customer Satisfaction and Brand Reputation: Consistently delivering high-quality textiles builds customer trust and satisfaction. Testing ensures that the products meet the expected standards, reducing the risk of customer complaints, returns, or product failures. Meeting or exceeding customer expectations leads to a positive brand reputation, customer loyalty, and repeat business.

Cost Savings: Textile testing helps identify potential issues or weaknesses in the materials or manufacturing processes at an early stage. This allows manufacturers to make necessary adjustments, avoid costly rejections or recalls, and optimize production efficiency. By ensuring quality and compliance, testing reduces waste, rejects, and associated costs.

Market Differentiation: In a competitive textile industry, testing can be used as a means of market differentiation. Certifications or test reports from reputable testing laboratories or organizations can provide assurance to customers and enhance the marketability of textile products. Demonstrating compliance, superior performance, or specific attributes through testing can give manufacturers a competitive edge.

[flexitest]

Air Permeability Tester | Testing instruments for technical textiles

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[tandagore]

U,I,J :)

U: Kennst du den Film “Müllers Büro”?

Nur vom Namen her, hab ihn noch nie gesehen.

I: Sprichtst du nach der Schrift/Standarddeutsch?

Nein, natürlich nicht. Dialekt ftw!

J: Schreibst/textest du in Mundart?

Nein, das halt ich auch ned aus. Ein wenig Umgangssprache schon, aber so schreiben wie ich sprech könnt ich nicht.

[austrianshitposting]

Wirklich österreichische Fragen

Ich hab ja schon mal eine Österreich-gethemte Fragenliste gemacht, aber ohne die Fragen auch inhaltlich auf Österreich zu beziehen. Aber jetzt gibt’s wirklich österreichische Fragen. Nicht-Österreicher dürfen natürlich auch rebloggen!

A: Aus welchem Bundesland kommst du?

B: Kaffeehaus oder Coffeeshop?

C: Lieblingssongcontestsong aus Österreich?

D: Was hältst du von Kabarett/Kleinkunst?

E: Ironischer Lieblingssongcontestsong aus Österreich?

F: Hast du schon mal “The Sound of Music” geschaut, und was hältst du davon?

G: Hast du eine Mitzi Tant’?

H: Meinung zu Austropop?

I: Sprichtst du nach der Schrift/Standarddeutsch?

J: Schreibst/textest du in Mundart?

K: Apfelstrudelrandstück oder -mittelstück?

L: Was hältst du von Dirndln, Lederhosen, und Tracht allgemein?

M: Was sind die lustigsten Klischees über Österreicher?

N: Nova oder Frequency?

O: Viel wichtiger dieses Jahr: Nova oder Regenbogenparade?

P: Wie gut kennst du “Rock Me Amadeus” auswendig?

Q: Was ist deine Lieblingsverwendung des Wortes “Oida”

R: Warum verbringst du deinen Tag auf tumblr dot com, wenn du stattdessen an der frischen Luft unsere wunderschönen Berglandschaften genießen könntest?

S: Schrecklichster Songcontestsong aus Österreich? 

T: Wie viele hart arbeitenden Bifie bzw. Bildungsministeriumsangestellte braucht man, um eine Zentralmatura zusammenzustellen?

U: Kennst du den Film “Müllers Büro”?

V: Wenn du eine eigene Partei gründen könntest, wie würdest du sie nennen und was wäre das Programm?

W: Bundesheer oder Zivildienst? 

X: Gehst du gerne ins Theater oder in die Oper?

Y: “Servus”, “Grüß Gott”, “Grias di” oder “Guten Tag”?

Z: “Servus”, “Baba”, “Pfiat di”, oder “Tschüss”?

Ä: Was hältst du von Patriotismus? 

Ö: Hast du als Kind Forscherexpress geschaut?

Ü: Was sind die schlimmsten Deutschen™ Wörter?

ß:  Magst du Mehlspeisen als Hauptgericht?

[durchdaslicht]

Ich kann dir nur eins du meinen Absichten sagen. Ich möchte gerne das Du positives Karma empfängst und bin nicht an Dir körperliches interessiert . Will dich einfach nur wachsen sehen, egal mit welchen Typen du zusammen bist in der Realität und dass du aus deiner Verzweiflung, die du hier im Internet textest heraus kommst und das kannst du nur durch positives Karma.Das wollte ich schon since 2013, weil ich gemerkt habe du brauchtest eigentlich Hilfe, aber du hast von mir keine Hilfe annehmen

Entweder du sagst mir wer du bist oder du hörst auf mir hier zu schreiben, weil ich absolut garnichts von dem ganzen hier erst nehme solange ich nicht weiß mit wem ich es zu tun habe :) btw, ich brauche und brauchte noch nie Hilfe von anderen und es hatte mit Sicherheit Gründe dass ich deine nicht angenommen habe. Abgesehen davon kennst du mein heutiges Leben ganz offensichtlich überhaupt nicht, sonst würdest du nicht so einen bullshit von dir geben