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portofentryquotes · 6 years ago

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Statutes of the United States Relating to Revenue, Commerce, Navigation, 1867.

Page 61: The town of Newport shall be the sole port of entry in the said district of Newport; and a collector, naval officer and surveyor for the district shall be appointed, to reside at the said town of Newport; and North Kingston, East Greenwich, Barrington, Warren, Bristol and Pawcatuck river in Westerly, shall be ports of delivery only; and a surveyor shall be appointed, to reside at each of the ports of North Kingston, East Greenwich, (Warren, Bristol,) and Pawcatuck river; and the surveyor shall be appointed, to reside at Warren shall be surveyor for the port of Barrington. The town of Providence shall be the sole port of entry, in the said district of Providence; and Patuxet in the same district shall be a port of delivery only; and a collector, naval officer and surveyor shall be appointed, to reside at Providence; and a surveyor shall be appointed, to reside at Patuxet.

Sec. 4. That in the State of Connecticut there shall be four districts, to wit: New London, New Haven, Fairfield and Middletown. The district of New London shall extend from the east line of the said State of Connecticut to the east line of the town of Lyme, and shall include the several towns or landing places of Norwich, Stonington and Groton, as ports of delivery only; and New London to be the sole port of entry; and a collector and surveyor for the district shall be appointed, to reside at New London; and a surveyor, to reside at Stonington.

The district of New Haven shall extend from the west line of the district of New London, westerly to Ousatumnick river, to which shall be annexed the several towns, or landing places of Guildford, Branford, Milford and Derby, as ports of delivery only; and New Haven shall be the sole port of entry; and a collector and surveyor for the district shall be appointed, to reside at New Haven.

The district of Fairfield shall include al the ports and places in the said State of Connecticut west of the district of New Haven, to which shall be annexed the several towns or landing places of Norwalk, Stratford, Stamford and Greenwich, as ports of delivery only; Fairfield shall be the sole port of entry; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Fairfield.

The district of Middletown shall include the several towns and landing places of Lyme, Saybrook, Killingsworth, Haddam, East Haddam, Middletown, Chatham, Weathersfield, Glastenbury, Hartford, East Hartford, Windsor and East Windsor, of which Middletown shall be the sole port of entry; and the other towns and landing places before named, shall be ports of delivery only; and a collector and surveyor shall be appointed, to reside at Middletown; and a surveyor shall be appointed, to reside at Hartford, and another to reside at Saybrook.

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The district of Sagg Harbor shall include all the bays, harbors, rivers and shores, within the two points of land which are called Oyster Pond Point, and Mantauck Point; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Sagg Harbor, which shall be the only port of entry and delivery in the said district.

Page 62: The district of the city of New York shall include all such part of the coasts, rivers, bays and harbors of the said State as are not included in other districts of the said State, especially the several towns or landing places of New Windsor, Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Esopus, Kinderhook and Albany, as ports of delivery only; and a collector, naval officer and surveyor for the district shall be appointed, to reside at New York, which shall be the sole port of entry for the district; and a surveyor, at the city of Albany: and the President of the United States is authorized, if he judge it expedient, to appoint one other surveyor, to reside at such other place in the said district as he shall appoint.

The district of Hudson shall include all the waters and shores of the said city; and a collector shall be appointed for the said district, to reside at the said city of Hudson, which shall be the sole port of entry and delivery.

The district of Champlain….. and the President of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint such place within the said district to be a port of entry and delivery, as he shall judge expedient; and a collector shall be appointed, to reside at the port of entry which may be established within the said district;…..

The district of Oswego….. and a collector shall be appointed who shall reside at or near Oswego, at such place as the President of the United States shall appoint to be the port of entry for the district;….

The district of Niagara ….. and a collector shall be appointed who shall reside at Niagara, which shall be the sole port of entry for the district;…..

Sec. 6. That the State of Vermont shall constitute one district, which shall include all such shores and waters of Lake Champlain, and the rivers connected therewith, as lie within the said State, and shall also extend along the northern boundary line of the said State, adjoining to the British colony of Lower Canada; and the President of the United States is authorized to appoint such place within the said district, to e the sole port of entry, as he shall judge proper;….

Page 63: …and the President of the United States is also authorized, if he judge it expedient, to establish not exceeding two places as ports of delivery only, and to appoint surveyors for each, or either of said places, at his discretion; Provided nevertheless ,That the President of the United States may, whenever he shall judge it expedient, and for the interest of the United States, erect the northern boundary line of the said State, adjoining the British colony of Lower Canada, or so much thereof, as he may think proper, into a separate district, and appoint a collector, to reside at such port of entry and delivery, as may be established by the President within the same.

Sec. 7. that in the State of New Jersey, there shall be five districts, to wit: Perth Amboy, Burlington, Bridgetown, Great Egg Harbor, and Little Egg Harbor, which shall severally be ports of entry.

The district of Burlington …. and a collector shall be appointed for the distort, to reside at Burlington, which shall be the port of entry for the district.

The district of Bridgetown ….. and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Bridgetown, which shall be the port of entry for the district.

The district of Little Egg Harbor…. and a collector for the same shall be appointed to reside at Tuckerton.

Sec. 8. That in the State of Pennsylvania there shall be two districts, to wit: Philadelphia, and Presque Isle. …… and the city of Philadelphia shall be the sole port of entry and delivery for the same; ….

Sec. 9. That the State of Delaware shall be one district, and the borough of Wilmington shall be the only port of entry, tow which shall be annexed, New Castle and Port Penn, as ports of delivery only; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at the said port of Wilmington.

Page 64: The district of Baltimore shall include Patapsco river, Turkey Point, Spes Utiae island, and all the waters and shores on the west side of Chesapeake Bay, from the mouth Maggoty river, which shall not be included in the district of Havre-de-Grace; and a collector, naval officer and surveyor for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Baltimore.

The district of Chester shall include Chester river, and all the waters and shores on the eastern side of Chesapeake Bay, from the south side of Elk river, to the north side of the Eastern Bay, and Wye river, inclusive; in which Georgetown on Sassafras river, shall be a port of delivery only; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Chester, which shall be the sole port of entry.

The district of Oxford shall include all the waters and shores on the eastern side of Chesapeake Bay, from the north side of Wye river, and the Eastern Bay, to the south side of Great Choptank river, inclusive; and Cambridge shall be a port of delivery only; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Oxford, which shall be the sole port of entry.

The district of Vienna shall include all the waters and shores on the eastern side of Chesapeake Bay from the south side of Great Shoptalk river, to the south side of Hooper’s Straights, Hayne’s Point, and Wicomico river, inclusive; and Salisbury shall be a port of delivery only: and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Vienna, which shall be the sole port of entry.

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The district of Annapolis shall include Magetty river, and all the waters and shores from thence to Drum Point on Patuxent river; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Annapolis, which shall be the sole port of entry and delivery for the same.

The district of Nottingham shall include all the waters and shores on the west side of Chesapeake Bay, to Drum Point, on the river Patuxent, together with the said river, and all the navigable waters emptying into the same, to which Benedict, Lower Marlborough, Town Creek, and Sylvia’s Landing, shall be annexed as ports of delivery only; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Nottingham, and a surveyor at Town Creek; and Nottingham shall be the sole port of entry.

Page 65: The district of Nanjemoy shall include all the waters of the Potomac within the jurisdiction of the State of Maryland, from Point-look-out to Pomonky Creek, inclusive, to which Cedar Point, Saint Mary’s, and Lewellensburgh shall be annexed as ports of delivery only; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Nanjemoy; also a surveyor, to reside at each of the towns of St. Mary’s and Lewellensburgh; and Nanjemoy shall be the sole point of entry.

The district of Georgetown shall include all the waters and shores from Pomonky Creek on the north side of Potomac river, to the head of the navigable waters of the said river, within the jurisdiction of the State of Maryland, to which Digges’s Landing and Carrolsburg shall be annexed as ports of delivery only; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Georgetown, which shall be the sole port of entry.

The district of Havre-de-Grace shall include all the waters and shores of the Chesapeake Bay, above Turkey Point and Spes Utiae Island to the south side of Elk river, inclusive; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Havre-de-Grace, which shall be the sole port of entry for the same.

Sec. 11. That in the State of Virginia there shall be eleven districts, to wit: ….. The authority of the officers at Hampton shall extend over all the waters, shores, bays, harbors and inlets between the souths side of the mouth of York River, along the west shore of Chesapeake Bay, to Hampton, and thence up the northern side of James river, to the east side of Chickahominy river; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Hampton, which shall be the sold point of entry.

To the district of Norfolk and Portsmouth ….. and Norfolk and Portsmouth shall be the sole port of entry; and a collector, naval officer and surveyor for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Norfolk; also a surveyor, to reside at each of the ports of Suffolk and Smithfield.

To the district of Bermuda Hundred, or City Point, shall be annexed Richmond, Petersburg and Manchester, as ports of delivery only; and a collector and surveyor shall be appointed for the said district, to reside at Bermuda Hundred, or City Point, which shall be the sole port of entry;….

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To the district of Yorktown shall be annexed West Point and Cumberland as ports of delivery only; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Yorktown, which shall be the sole port of entry; also a surveyor for the two ports of delivery, to reside at West Point;

Page 66: To the district of Tappahannock shall be annexed Urbanna, Port Royal and Fredericksburg, (including Falmouth) as ports of delivery only; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Tappahannock, which shall be the sole port of entry; also a surveyor for each of the ports of Urbanna, Port Royal and Fredericksburg; and the authority of the officers of the said district shall extend over all the waters, shores, harbors, bays and inlets comprehended between Smith’s Point at the mouth of the Potomac river, and the point forming the south shore of Rappahannock river, and thence up the last mentioned river to the highest tide water thereof.

The district of Yeocomico river, including Kindle, shall extend from Smith’s Point, on the south side of Potomac river, to Boyd’s Hole, on the same river, including all the waters, shores, bays, harbors, creeks and inlets, along the south shore of Potomac river to Boyd’s Hole aforesaid; and Yeocomico, including Kindle, shall be the sole port of entry; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside on Yeocomico river.

The district of Dumfries, including Newport, shall extend from Boyd’s Hole to Cockpit Point, on the south side of Potomac river; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside at Dumfries, which shall be the sole port of entry; and the authority of the officers of this district shall extend over all the waters, shores, bays, harbors, creeks and inlets, comprehended between Boyd’s Hole and Cockpit Point aforesaid.

For the district of Alexandria shall be appointed a collector and surveyor, to reside at Alexandria, which shall be the sole port of entry; and the authority of the officers of the said district shall extend over all the waters, shores, bays, harbors, creeks and inlets on the souths side of the river Potomac, from the last mentioned Cockpit Point to the highest tidewater of the said river.

For the district of Folly Landing shall be appointed a collector, who shall reside at Accomack Courthouse, and who’s authority shall extend over all the waters, shores, bays, harbors and inlets of the county of Accomack.

…….

Sec. 12. That in the State of North Carolina there shall be five districts, to wit: one, to be called the district of Wilmington, and to comprehend all the waters, shores, bays, harbors, creeks and inlets from Little River inlet inclusive, to New River inlet inclusive. The town of Wilmington shall be a port of entry and delivery, and there shall be a collector, naval officer and surveyor, to reside at the said town of Wilmington.

Page 67: Another district to be called the district of Newborn ….. that the town of Newborn shall be a port of entry and delivery, and the towns of Beaufrot and Swansborough shall be ports of delivery only; ….. Another district, to be called the district of Washington, …… the town of Washington shall be the sole port of entry and delivery; and a collector for the district shall be appointed, to reside within the same. Another district, which shall be called the district of Edenton, and to comprehend all the waters, bays, harbors, creeks and inlets from the Marshes inclusive, northward and westward, except those included in the district of Cambden. The town of Edenton shall be a port of entry and delivery and Hertford, Murffreesborough, Princeton, Winton, Bennet’s Creek, Plymouth, Windsor and Skewarky, ports of delivery; ….. Provided that all ships or vessels, intending to proceed to Plymouth, Windsor, Skewarky, Winton, Bennet’s Creek Bridge, Murfreesborough or Princeton, shall first come to and enter at the port of Edenton; and provided also, that any vessels coming in at Ocracoke inlet, that may be under the necessity of employing lighters before they pass the Royal Shoal, may be at liberty to enter at any port of entry connected with the waters of said inlet, to which such vessels are bound; and that any vessel coming in at said inlet, to which such vessels are bound; and that any vessel coming in at said inlet in ballast, for the purpose of loading without the Royal Shoals, shall be at liberty to enter at any port of entry connected with the waters of said inlet.

Sec. 13. that in the State of South Carolina there shall be three districts, to wit: Georgetown, Charleston and Beaufort, each of which shall be a port of entry.

Page 68: Sec. 14. That in the State of Georgia there shall be five districts, to wit: Savannah, Sunbury, Brunswick, St. Mary’s, and Hardwicke; each of which shall be a port of entry.

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That in the State of Kentucky there shall be one district …… and a collector shall be appointed, to reside at Louisville, which shall be the sole port of entry and delivery, for the said district, of any goods, wares and merchandise, not the growth or manufacture of the United States: Provided, nevertheless, That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, whenever he shall judge it expedient, and for the interest of the United States, to establish a separate district, which shall include all the waters, shores and inlets of the river Mississippi, within the jurisdiction of the United States and the said State of Kentucky, and also the shores and waters on the south side of the river Ohio, from the mouth thereof to the east bank of Cumberland river, with the rivers and waters connected with the Mississippi and Ohio, within the limits aforesaid, and within the State aforesaid; and to appoint a collector to reside at such port of entry and delivery as may be established within the same.

Sec. 16. That in the State of Tennessee there shall be one district, which shall include all the waters, shores and inlets of the river Mississippi, and other navigable rivers and waters lying within the jurisdiction of the United States and within the said State; and a collector shall be appointed, who shall reside at Palmyra, which shall be the only port of entry or delivery, within the said district, of any goods, wares and merchandise not the growth or manufacture of the United States:

Page 69: Provided, nevertheless, That the President of the United States may, whenever he shall judge it expedient, and for the interest of the United States, erect the shores, waters, and inlets of the river Mississippi lying within the jurisdiction of the United States, and within the State of Tennessee, into a separate district, and appoint a collector, to reside at such port of entry and delivery as may be established within the same.

Sec. 17. That in the territory of the United States northwest of the river Ohio, there shall be six districts, to wit: Erie, Detroit, Michilimakinac, Massac, Illinois, and Ohio.

The district of Erie ….. and the President of the United States is authorized to establish such place at or near Sandusky, or on the said river Miami, to be the port of entry, as he shall judge expedient, and also to establish not exceeding two other places to be ports of delivery only; and a collector shall be appointed, to reside at the port of entry, and surveyors to reside at such ports of delivery as may be established as aforesaid.

The district of Detroit shall include all the waters, shores and inlets of the lakes Erie, St. Clair and Huron, within the jurisdiction of the United States, and the rivers and waters connected therewith, to the westward of the river Miami aforesaid, not the island of Michilimakinac; and a collector shall be appointed, to reside at Detroit, which shall be the sole port of entry for the district; and the President of the United States is authorized, if he shall judge it expedient, to establish not exceeding two ports of delivery within the said district, and to appoint surveyors to reside thereat.

The district of Michilimakinac ….. And the President of the United States is authorized to establish such place at or near Michilimakinac to be the port of entry for the district as he shall deem expedient, and also to establish not exceeding three other places within the said district to be ports of delivery only; and a collector shall be appointed to reside at the port of entry, and surveyors to reside at the ports of delivery, which may be established as aforesaid.

The district of Massac ….And such place at or near Fort Massac as the President of the United States shall designate for that purpose, shall be the sole port of entry for the district, and a collector shall be appointed, to reside thereat; and it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, if he shall judge expedient, to establish not exceeding two places at or near the river Wabash, to be ports of delivery only, and to appoint surveyors to reside thereat.

Page 70: The district of Illinois ….. and a collector shall be appointed to reside at such place as the President of the United States shall designate, to be the port of entry, and not exceeding two surveyors to reside at such places as the President shall see fit to establish as ports of delivery only.

The district of Ohio …… and a collector shall be appointed to reside at such place as the President of the United States shall designate, at or near the confluence of the Great Miami river and the river Ohio, which place shall be the sole port of entry or delivery for the district.

And there shall be a district on the river Mississippi, south of the State of Tennessee, which shall include all the waters, shores and inlets of the river Mississippi, and other navigable rivers and waters connected therewith, lying within the jurisdiction of the United States and south of the said State; and it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, to designate a proper place, to be the port of entry and delivery within the same, and to appoint a collector to reside thereat.

Sec. 18. That it shall and may be lawful to make entry of any ship or vessel, which shall arise from any foreign port or place within the United States, or of the cargo on board such ship or vessel, elsewhere than at one of the ports of entry herein before established, nor to unlade the said cargo, or any part thereof, elsewhere than at one of the ports of delivery herein established. Provided always, That every port of entry shall be also a port of delivery: And provided further, That none but the ships or vessels of the United States shall be admitted to unlade at any other than the ports following, to wit:…..

Page 71: Provided also, That if the President of the United States shall see fit to establish a port of delivery at Shell Castle, or Beacon Island, near Ocracoke inlet, and to appoint a surveyor to reside thereat, it shall be the duty of the master or commander of every ship or vessel coming in at Ocracoke inlet, and intending to unlade her cargo, or any part thereof, at any port connected with the waters of the said inlet, to come to at the port of delivery which may be established as aforesaid, and there exhibit like reports and manifests, and perform all other duties required by this act of masters of vessels when arriving at a port of entry in the United States; but no duties shall be paid or secured at the said port of delivery: and the surveyor who may be appointed to reside at the said port of delivery shall, in addition to other powers and duties granted and prescribed to surveyors by this act, superintend the unlading and discharge of all goods, wares and merchandise from the vessels in which the same may be imported, into the lighters or coasting vessels, which may be employed in the transportation of said goods, wares and merchandise to any port of entry or delivery connected with the said Ocracoke inlet; and all goods, wares or merchandise which shall be so unladen into lighters or coasting vessels shall and may be secured with the necessary locks, or fastenings, or under the seal of the said surveyor, and shall be accompanied with permits, describing the said goods, wares and merchandise, the vessel in which improved, the persons to whom belonging, and the port of entry or delivery to which destined. And the masters or commanders of all lighters or coasting vessels who shall receive goods, wares or merchandise to be transported as aforesaid, shall give triplicate receipts describing the casks of packages, containing the same; and in case any goods, wares or merchandise, transported under permits and for which receipts shall have been given as aforesaid, shall not be transported and delivered to the collector or surveyor of the port of entry or delivery, to which the same shall be consigned by the permits aforesaid, the dangers of the seas and unavoidable accidents only excepted, or if any lock, fastening, or seal placed on the said goods, wares or merchandise, shall be broken or destroyed, the lighter or vessel employed in transporting the same shall be forfeited, and the master thereof shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding $500, with costs of suit.

Page 72: And it shall be the duty of the surveyor, who may be appointed to reside at the port of Shell Castle, or Beacon Island, to endorse on the original manifest of vessels arriving at said port, all deliveries which may be made as aforesaid to the masters of lighters or coasting vessels as aforesaid; which manifests shall be excited to the collector of the interior port of entry, to which such vessels may be destined, where like entires shall be made and like proceedings had, as are required by the general regulations and provisions of this act.

Sec. 19. That the master or commander of every ship or vessel bound to a port of delivery only, in any of the following districts, to wit: Portland and Falmouth, except the ports of North Yarmouth, Freeport and Harpswell; Bath, except the ports of Georgetown and Brunswick; Newburyport, New London, except the port of Stonington; Middletown, except the ports of Lyme, Saybrook, Killinsworth, Haddam, and East Haddam; Norfolk and Portsmouth, Bermuda Hundred or City point, Yorktown, Tappahannock, except the port of Urbanna, or Edenton; shall first come to, at the port of entry of such district, with his ship or vessel, and there make report and entry in writing, and pay, or secure to be paid, all legal duties, port fees, and charges, in manner provided by this act, before such ship or vessel shall proceed to her port of delivery; ……. and the said collectors and surveyors respectively, may, whenever they judge it to be necessary for the security of the revenue, put an inspector of the customs on board any ship or vessel as aforesaid, to accompany the same until her arrival at the first port of entry or delivery, in the district to which such ship or vessel may be destined;

Page 156: Sec. 11. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is authorized, whenever he shall deem it expedient, to erect the shores, waters and inlets of the bay and river Mobile, and of the other rivers, creeks, inlets and bays emptying into the Gulf of Mexico, east of the said river Mobile, and west thereof to the Pascaguola inclusive, into a separate district, and to establish such place within the same, as he shall deem expedient, to be the port of entry and delivery for such district; and to designate such other places, within the same district, not exceeding two, to be ports of delivery only. Whenever such separate district shall be erected, a collector shall be appointed, to reside at the port of entry; and a surveyor shall likewise be appointed, to reside at each of the ports of delivery which may be established. And such collector and surveyor shall be entitled to receive, in addition to their other fees and emoluments, an annual salary of $250.

Page 202: No. 128.—March 3, 1821. CHAP. XLVIII.—An Act to establish a Port of Entry in the District of Sandusky, in the State of Ohio, and for other Purposes. Be it enacted, etc. That, from and after the first day of May next, the town of Portland in the district of Sandusky, in the State of Ohio, shall be the port of entry for that district; and that from and after that time the present port of entry established at Danbury shall cease to be the port of entry for said district.

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No. 130.—April 17, 1822. CHAP. XXIV.—An Act to fix the Limits of the Port of Entry and Delivery for the District of Philadelphia. Be it enacted, etc. That Philadelphia shall, from and after the passage of this act, be the sole port of entry and delivery for the district of Philadelphia.

No. 131.—April 17, 1822. CHAP. XXV.—An Act to amend the Act, entitled “An Act to establish the District of Bristol, and to annex the Towns of Kittery and Berwick to the District of Portsmouth,” passed February 25, 1801. Be it enacted, etc. That, from and after the 30th day of September next, the district of Bristol, as described in the act, entitled “An act to establish the district of Bristol, and to annex the towns of Kittery and Berwick to the district of Portsmouth,” passed February 25, 1801, shall be called and known by the name of the district of Bristol and Warren; and that Bristol and Warren shall thereafter be considered as one port of entry, and shall possess all the rights and privileges which now belong to the port of Bristol.

Page 330: Sec. 12. That the port of entry now existing by law as the port of entry in the collection district of Miami, Ohio, be, and the same is hereby, changed and transferred to the town of Toledo, in the State of Ohio, and all the laws now in force in regard to said port of entry in the said collection district of Miami, be, and the same are hereby, declared to be in full force, and to apply to the new port of entry of Toledo, and the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause the archives and custom-house of said district of ‘of’ Miami to be transferred to the town of Toledo.

Sec. 13. That the town of Chelsea in the State of Massachusetts, shall be attached to and made part of the port of entry and collection district of Boston and Charlestown, in the State of Massachusetts, as now existing by law, and goods imported into the port of Boston and Charlestown, and destined for the port of Chelsea, may be landed and warehoused under the provisions of the warehousing act of 6th of August, 1846, at Chelsea, under the custody and control of the collector of Boston and Charleston, and the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint an inspector of customs for said port of Chelsea.

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[Repeal of the act establishing a port of entry at Saluria, etc. Sec. 15. [That so much of an act entitled “An act to establish a port of entry at Saluna, [Saluria,] in the State of Texas, and for other purposes,” approved the third day of March, 1847, as fixes the said port of entry at Sulana, and requires the residence of the collector to be there, shall be, and the same is hereby, repealed, and hereafter the port of entry and the residence of the collector shall be at La Salle, in said district.]

Page 417: No. 423.—June 19, 1862. CHAP. CXII.—An Act to change the Location of the Port of Entry for the Puget Sound Collection District. [Be it enacted, etc. That from and after the first day of October, 1862, the port of Port Townsend, in the district of Puget Sound, in Washington Territory, is hereby abolished as a port of entry; and that Port Angelos be and is hereby established as the port of entry and delivery for the said district from and after the said date.]

No. 424.—June 20, 1862. CHAP. CXVI.—An Act to change the Port of Entry for the District of Brunswick, Georgia. Be it enacted, etc.c That from and after the first day of July, 1862, the port of entry for the district of Brunswick, Georgia, shall be Brunswick, and that Darien shall be abolished as the port of entry.

Page 510: Sec. 2. That the district of Oxford, in said State, shall be annexed to the district of Baltimore; and all that part of the district of Vienna, in said State, bordering on the seacoast, and all the waters which flow into the sea or bays on the east side of said district of Vienna, be, and the same are hereby, annexed to the district of Cherry-Stone, in the State of Virginia, and that all the residue of said district of Vienna be, and the same is hereby, made a new district, to be called the eastern district, and that the collector of said eastern district shall receive an annual salary of $1,2000, and shall reside at Crisfield, which shall be the port of entry for said new district.

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No. 540.—February 25, 1867. CHAP. LXXXII.—An Act relative to Collection Districts in North Carolina. Be it enacted, etc. That from and after the first day of October, anon Domini 1866, there shall be in the State of North Carolina four collection districts, to wit: one, to be called the district of Albemarle, which shall include Albemarle, Currituck, and Croatan sounds, and all the waters, shores, harbors, rivers, creeks, bays, and inlets adjacent to and flowing into the said sounds, together with that part of Pamlico sound north of and including Loggerhead inlet, and all waters and shores appertaining thereto. And the port of entry for said district shall be at Plymouth. Another to be called the district of Pamlico, which shall include Pamlico sound, and all the waters, shores, harbors, rivers, creeks, bays, and inlets adjacent to and flowing into said sound, exclusive of the district of Albemarle, and including the south line of Neuse River to the northern entrance of Core sound, and the port of entry for said district of Pamlico shall be at Newbern. Another to be called the district of Beaufort, which shall include all the waters, shores, harbors, creeks, bays, and inlets south of the district of Pamlico, and north of and including New River and inlet; and the port of entry for said district of Beaufort shall be at Beaufort. And another to be called the district of Wilmington, which shall include all waters, shores, harbors, creeks, bays, and inlets south of the district of Beaufort to the southern boundary of the said State, and the port of entry for said district of Wilmington shall be at Wilmington. And the collector of each of said districts shall reside at the port of entry thereof, and shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and receive a salary at the rate of $1,000 per annum in addition to the fees of office: Provided, That such compensation shall in no case exceed the sum of $2,500 per annum in the aggregate.

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digital-strategy · 7 years ago

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It can be tempting to write Medium off for dead. The company laid off a third of its staff earlier this year. The bigger-name publishers who migrated to Medium have left. (Goodbye to: The Ringer, Backchannel, The Awl, Pacific Standard, Film School Rejects, ThinkProgress.) They mostly returned to WordPress — or in The Ringer’s case, to Vox, or in Backchannel’s case, to Condé Nast.

“The move to Medium was a cool experiment, in my opinion, but the year is up and personally I missed the ads,” wrote Sylvia Killingsworth, editor of The Awl and The Hairpin.

All of these publishers left, largely, because they still like ads (at least some ads), and the future that Medium founder and CEO Ev Williams sees for the company — and dreams for with media in general — doesn’t include advertising, not even the native advertising that was a key piece of Medium’s plan when it rolled out its publisher program back in 2016.

“We’ve made clear that anyone who is dedicated to pursuing an ad-driven business model is probably not the best fit. We’re not going to be developing or incorporating ad technology,” Williams told me Tuesday. Instead, the company announced earlier this month that it’s going all-in on subscriptions — using a Spotify-ish model that pools subscribers’ $5 monthly contributions and doles them out to a select group of creators based on how many “claps” the creators get. (“Ev doesn’t like ads? Wait until he finds out what credit card processing is really like,” a source told Business Insider in February.)

There’s reason to be skeptical of this. Many of the companies that left Medium didn’t want their business models to be driven by advertising; they just wanted to have ads as an option, and they weren’t close to being able to sustain a business on subscriber revenue, even if they’d do that in an ideal world. “We’d love to be able to do this all without ads, but there’s no money in that,” Film School Rejects’ Neil Miller wrote in May.

And Medium’s new money-pooling model, which doesn’t allow paying just one creator directly, is also not appealing to some publishers. “I’ll eventually need to move to WordPress so I can add subscriptions in a meaningful way,” said Derrick Harris, the founder of ARCHITECHT, which is currently hosted on Medium. (Harris is also my former colleague at Gigaom.) The model Medium is going for instead is “maybe okay for hobbyists or freelancers in between paying gigs,” Harris said, but he doesn’t believe it can work for someone hustling to run their own publication full-time.

Of course, Williams disagrees. “For those who do well in the program, there’s every reason to expect that they can make more money writing here than they could at an ad-based publication,” he said. I talked to Williams about the company’s most recent changes; here’s our conversation, slightly edited for length and clarity.

Laura Hazard Owen: The different iterations of Medium have been a little confusing. You shut down your publisher program in January, and then added a $5/month membership program in March, and now there are more changes. What’s the state of things now?

Ev Williams: Since we originally launched our paywall and subscription and announced the partner program in March, the big change is we’ve developed this thing that allows people to publish without us explicitly commissioning them and approving what they publish before they get paid. Previously, if people wanted to get paid, we were working with them individually, accepting pitches, going back and forth doing light editing, signing contracts in a more traditional way and paying them on those terms. The big change, essentially, is that once they’re in the program, people can publish themselves and get paid on performance.

It’s a dramatic change, but it was always our plan to figure out how to do this. The nature of Medium is an open platform. We wanted to introduce this new economic model powered by user subscriptions, but building a system we thought would pay out fairly, and building the right type of content, was non-trivial. We first started learning by doing it more manually — building, basically, the pipe to take money and charge money and build the subscriptions database. The long-term plan has always been to figure out how to scale that to many more creators and remain open.

Owen: How many people have signed up to be partners since March, and how many are working with Medium now? What are some of the things they have in common?

Williams: A couple thousand people applied right off the bat, and we’ve worked a couple hundred of them over the last couple of months. A lot of those were people who had been writing on Medium. The vast majority of people who write on Medium don’t do so for money. Some aspire to do so; some write professionally in other cases and not on Medium. We have a ton of writers on Medium, and the majority of them aren’t really our target for our partner program. We don’t want to suggest that everybody who writes should get paid or try to get paid.

Owen: So are those more direct relationships, with the editing and such, now coming to an end?

Williams: Not necessarily. We’re continuing to work with some people right now as we ramp up this other system. It’s likely that we will be working with some writers longer-term, as well as publishers. There are still publishers and studios that we signed contracts with.

Owen: A lot of the publishers left, though. The Ringer, The Awl.

Williams: Some of the bigger ones have left. There are hundreds of publishers still on Medium. We talked to The Ringer and some of the others at the beginning of the year about what their plans are and what our plans are, and we made clear that anyone who is dedicated to pursuing an ad-driven business model is probably not the best fit. We’re not going to be developing or incorporating ad technology. It made sense for publishers who needed that to migrate off. There are lots of publishers who weren’t doing [advertising] and for the most part they’ve stayed, so that’s really the distinction.

There wasn’t a lot of doubt that we shouldn’t partner with people who had incompatible business models with us.

Owen: So native advertising — which you guys previously seemed to see as a promising area — is gone, too?

Williams: We’re not doing any advertising, native or not. All the advertising on Medium, pretty much, unless publishers did it themselves, has been native. We did a few native content projects with brands, both ourselves and in partnership with some of our publishers. Those deals actually worked pretty well, and we saw a path there, but it wasn’t the long-term path that we wanted to pursue.

There are, of course, publishers still on the platform who may write sponsored content for brands. There are a few features in our publishing tools that still accommodate that. But it’s not something we’re encouraging or pursuing ourselves. We believe in the user-supported model and we’re putting as much attention and focus as possible on making that work.

Owen: Where is the money to pay the writers coming from? Is it coming from you, Medium the company, or is it coming from readers?

Williams: Well, it’s a little bit of an arbitrary distinction because all the money comes to us, and we are paying out the money. The budget will be pegged to the subscription revenue because it needs to be. We can’t pay out of pocket for all the writing. We will pay writers from the subscription revenue.

Owen: But, I mean, is Medium the company contributing money to the writers directly as well?

Williams: Like any marketplace, we are going to seed it first. Usually, you need to seed supply before you have enough demand, so there’s something for people to come to. In the beginning stages, we’re not limiting the payouts to subscribers. We are investing more than the current amount of subscriber revenue to seed the market.

Owen: What’ll be the point you have to get to where all of the money is coming from the readers? When can you stop seeding it?

Williams: It’s pretty hard to predict. I look at it this way: If you compare the monetization from the subscription product to a web-based ad product, even at our relatively small price of $5 a month, subscription is a phenomenally better monetization model for a reader. Therefore, there is a lot more money for the content that is engaged with than the content that is available to pay writers from an ad-driven model. So for those who do well in the program, there’s every reason to expect that they can make more money writing here than they could at an ad-based publication.

Owen: You mentioned that there’s a qualification process for writers who want to come on and get paid. What do they need to do?

Williams: It’s not a rigorous review process. We’re not saying you have to have a certain qualification. Our attitude is that great ideas can come from anywhere. We definitely want established professionals on the platform, but we also want to give an opportunity to up-and-comers and less established folks. We’re not putting out a bunch of criteria.

We had to do two things in terms of rolling this out. Eventually, we want it to be as open as possible: There’ll be a set of rules, and if you adhere to the rules, great. But before we open it up totally, we want to test our system. There are probably things we’ll need to tweak.

We also need to balance the market, to some extent. If we were to open it up completely right now, I think we would have too much good content and we only have so many subscribers. If we opened the floodgates of content, we would just have too much content. Again, as a marketplace of sorts, we need to balance the supply and demand side.

Owen: I’m wondering how similar it is to Amazon’s Kindle Lending Library, for instance, where authors opt in to participate and then money is doled out of a set pool each month based on how many reads they get. [This system, by the way, has caused a great deal of consternation among participating authors.]

Williams: That Kindle program is probably the most similar to ours. It’s also not that dissimilar from Spotify or some other subscription services, where there’s a pool of money that is ultimately tied to the subscription revenue and how that’s divided up is based on the subscriber behavior.

Kindle pays specifically on pages read, I believe. Spotify pays on plays. We essentially pay on votes, which we’re calling claps. But in essence, they all work the same way, and it’s ultimately up to the readers and paying subscribers who gets paid, and how much.

Some of the reports on this were really off-base on about what we’re doing, by the way. The behavior that counts for payout is only from subscribers or paying members, so a lot of the assumptions about this being easy to game are not valid. Also, one of the differences between this and some other systems is that the payout is per user. For each cycle, we will deliver a budget per paying member. How each member’s portion of that budget is distributed is according to their behavior.

It’s not that the post with the absolute most claps gets the most money. It’s that: If you engage with one author, in the extreme case, all of the money from you goes to that author. If you engage with a thousand of them, that money goes to a thousand of them. It gives more agency to the member and it allows people who may have a small fan base or be in a niche area to still do well, because the majority of their fans’ money will go to them.

Owen: So if, for example, I am a paying member and I only like reading stuff about cooking and I never read anything about sports — none of my money goes to sports content?

Williams: Pretty much none of your money goes to something that you don’t read. In fact — we’ll have to see how this plays out — but if you read something and you don’t like it, or if you just view something because you’re curious, the author will not get paid. It’s unlike an ad system where just viewing something pays as much as actually reading it.

Owen: How will you know if I am really reading something or just viewing it? The claps?

Williams: Because [all the paying subscribers] are logged in, we know what they’ve read. Some people think the clap mechanism is goofy, but it’s a fairly natural way, once you get used to it, to explicitly signal that this is worth more to you than something else. It’s a choice the user makes after they’ve seen the content, not before, so it’s harder to manipulate than a click or a view or even time spent. It’s also variable, because some things are worth a lot more than other things.

Those two factors combine really allow the user to determine where their money goes, but the reason we don’t give people, like, a dashboard to determine where their money goes is that what we’re trying to do is balance the ability to give that explicit variable input while also not causing people to have to think too much about it. We don’t want to make it too hard.

Owen: Are you also taking things like time spent on the page, or how far down on the page a reader gets, into account?[/conr]

Williams: In all of our documentation, we’ve said payout is based on engagement. We put the emphasis on claps because that’s a very concrete thing, but we’ll look at all these factors. You can think of Google’s quality ranking, which is something that evolves over time. There may be exceptions to their core metrics, and metrics may be gamed, but [overall it works].

I don’t know if we’ll share our exact algorithm, because that makes it easier to game, but we will share what signals we’re looking at, if and when we incorporate more. We’re just going to have to see how people be have. How they’ve behaved [on Medium] historically does give us a lot of data that we’re basing this on, but we know that with money involved people may behave differently, so we have to do a lot of learning.

Owen: I’m just thinking back to the spring of 2016 when Medium rolled out its publisher program, and things are so different now. I’m wondering what changed your mind about this mission, what changed your mind about the way digital media works overall.

Williams: It’s fundamentally about advertising. That’s what I changed my mind on.

Just to be clear, the mission of Medium has always been the same: What we’ve been trying to figure out is how to create an ecosystem that supports the creation and distribution of great ideas and important content. There was a phase in the first couple years when we were really focused on the tool: How do we create a great tool for those who want to write and share things that are not professional and don’t want want to get paid for it? That’s still a big part of Medium and always will be.

As we started to move into the professional realm, obviously, supporting the content and the creators economically became critical. The most natural thing to do was to say, well, advertising is the model — we have an opportunity to do something that we think is better than the traditional display that’s all over the web by doing things native, and we have a lot of brands already coming to us and wanting to use Medium for content marketing. That was the default thinking for me because it was exactly what we did at Twitter. We did a platform, companies started using it very early on for commercial purposes, and if they were already using it, we could make it better for them.

I sort of, probably prematurely, assumed the same thing would work here. In [April 2016], when we were courting publishers and brands to pursue that vision — it wasn’t that we decided that couldn’t work, but we decided it was not as likely to drive the mission that we wanted. If the content was ultimately getting paid for on the professional side by brands, it was eventually going to look more and more like advertising. We were already seeing that brands wanted tracking. There were a lot of discussions about whether content was above the fold that made less sense in the native world, but it was just how advertising is sold.

We extrapolated out. The money can come either from brands, publishers, or users. What we want to do is create the best possible place to support great content. How does the best media in the world work? In almost every case, the best media is supported by those who consume it, whether that’s books or movies or, now, television and music. And traditionally, for magazines and newspapers, an important part of the revenue came from those who consumed it.

The more I thought about that model, the more I realized it was the only way to really create an ecosystem that rewards and supports the best content there is. Once I realized that, it’s when we made the hard decision to switch.

Owen: But — and this is sort of the perennial question, I guess — what about the quality, investigative work that really is important, but that people just may not be as interested in supporting? How do you fund that just with readers? Is there a place for that on Medium?

Williams: Long-term, just looking the industry as a whole, I think that investigative journalism is super important and I’m optimistic about its funding from three sources. One, I think that for the big newspapers like The New York Times and The Washington Post, a huge part of their brand is built around those pieces — so from a purely business perspective, not even a mission perspective, it’s what helps them get the subscribers they do, and I think they’ll be able to keep doing it.

Nonprofit money helps fund a lot of this type of work, but I also am optimistic that Medium can help fund this type of work, partly because of this idea of explicit action being more important than how many pageviews something did. We’re offering a way for someone to put something out there and for people to say it’s worthwhile and they want their money to go to it because it’s important.

Owen: Is it possible that Medium would have some kind of Kickstarter-ish role with this program, where, say, a writer could post an idea for something they want to work on, and based on the number of claps it gets, they get funding?

Williams: I think that’s a cool idea. It’s not something we are actively working on, but it’s something I would welcome people to do. In the meantime, if they apply to our partner program and write that that’s what they want to do, we are open to discussing it.

Photo of Ev Williams by Christopher Michel used under a Creative Commons license.

via Nieman Lab

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