#surrogacy laws in albania

[coochiequeens]

Wait...wait... Ireland is passing surrogacy regulations "which would ban compensation of surrogates abroad, could risk creating 'hidden payments' that could be used to coerce intended parents."

By Sarah McInerney

Advocates for surrogacy in Ireland say they are concerned proposed new laws, which would ban compensation of surrogates abroad, could risk creating 'hidden payments' that could be used to coerce intended parents.

The legislative proposals, which are due before Cabinet in the coming weeks, will seek to regulate both domestic and international surrogacy arrangements involving Irish couples.

They include a proposal to ban any payment or compensation to a surrogate, beyond pre-agreed "reasonable expenses".

Mary Seery Kearney, a Fine Gael Senator and a member of the Oireachtas Committee on International Surrogacy, told Prime Time she is concerned that if provision is not made in upcoming legislation for a "goodwill payment" to be given to a surrogate, it risks creating a system of "hidden payments".

"If goodwill payments are included in the legislation, this will mean that the entirety of the transaction is transparent," she said.

"It is my belief that for the regulation to work correctly it must honestly face the reality of such payments. Banning them won't mean that no payment will be made, it will just mean that the payment will be under the table, leading to coercion of vulnerable intended parents. Transparency is the key."

Senator Seery Kearney is not in favour of legislating for commercial surrogacy, which involves an agency being paid to facilitate a surrogacy arrangement. However, she said there should be provision for a 'goodwill payment' to be given directly to the surrogate from intending parents.

Sam Everingham, Global Director of Growing Families, an Australian organisation which provides advice to parents on international surrogacy, said Irish parents could struggle to find surrogates abroad at all if payments are banned.

"That's unrealistic," he said. "That's really unrealistic to make that rule to... put our laws on another country. It's just not culturally appropriate to say if a country like the USA believes compensation is fine from a moral point of view, I think you can't say that's not good enough for our citizens. What you're doing then is you're forcing a black market for people to go under the table."

Questions have also been raised about Government plans to create a 'green list' of agencies or countries which the State has deemed to meet strict standards that will be imposed here.

Dr Andrea Mulligan, Assistant Professor of Law at Trinity College Dublin, says this will be very challenging. "I think Ireland can't regulate what happens abroad, but what it can do is essentially avoid giving tacit acceptance to regimes that we think are problematic," she said.

The surrogacy landscape is constantly changing. India has banned international surrogacy; Georgia will follow suit next year; while Ukraine – previously a very popular destination for Irish couples – is now not a safe option. Given that, it’s difficult to see how the Irish State will be able to keep track of what countries, or agencies, should be considered problematic.

This problem was starkly highlighted just last month in Greece, when eight people were arrested at a major fertility clinic in Crete, and are now under investigation for trafficking vulnerable women from countries like Georgia and Albania to become surrogates for foreign couples.

Police say the women were brought to Crete under false pretences and made to undergo hormonal treatments, egg extraction and insemination for surrogacy. Greek investigators claim the clinic has exploited more than 160 women, orchestrated illegal adoptions and offered counterfeit IVF treatment to intending parents. It was advertised widely on the internet, including on the Growing Families website, which said the Mediterranean Fertility Clinic had "an excellent surrogate support programme".

During an interview following a recent conference in Dublin, Prime Time asked Sam Everingham why his organisation had recommended the clinic. He initially disputed that contention, saying his organisation does not recommend any clinic or agency, and that simply it provides information. However, after further questions he conceded that the language on his site represented a recommendation.

He said Growing Families was "hoodwinked" by the Mediterranean Fertility Institute for "years".

"We're horrified, horrified by what we saw coming out in the press there," he said.

"It was just, for us and for doctors who'd also recommended that clinic to patients, it's just something that's come out of the blue. And we think, 'how can an organisation be so deceptive to surrogates, to intending parents?'"

Mr Everingham also conceded that Growing Families cannot stand over the accuracy of any of the content provided on its website. He said the website constitutes a repository of information provided to it by others and therefore his organisation is not responsible for the veracity of the material provided.

At the heart of the proposals from government is an attempt to deal with the legal lacuna in which surrogacy currently exists. Under current Irish law, the woman who gives birth is always legally recognised as the mother. This means that when a surrogacy arrangement takes place - even when the egg and sperm of intending parents are used - it is the surrogate who is recognised in law as the child’s mother.

"A genetic father can apply to court for a declaration of parenthood, so he's recognised as the father," said Dr Mulligan. "An intended mother, even if she is the genetic mother, cannot get a parental recognition as the father can, so she can't be recognised as a parent."

Under proposed terms of the Health (Assisted Human Reproduction) Bill 2022, parents of children born through surrogacy will be recognised as legal parents, if they meet certain criteria in the jurisdiction in which the surrogacy is intended to take place, and also the criteria to be specified in the Irish legislation.

There is another problem, however. If Irish intended parents decide to ignore the new law, and go to a country where payment of the surrogate is permitted, or other strict Irish standards are not met, what happens then they return to Ireland with their newborn baby? Can Ireland refuse to grant a parental order?

It appears that is the plan.

An inter-departmental group charged with drawing up a policy paper for government on new surrogacy laws recommended that Irish courts should be "satisfied that all specified requirements are met before a parental order is granted".

It also rejected a recommendation from the Oireachtas committee on surrogacy that judicial discretion should be allowed in exceptional cases.

Dr Mulligan broadly agrees with that approach: "Ultimately there will be surrogacy arrangements that are unethical, that are not compliant, and I think the State has to take a firm line in saying that they are ones that will simply not be recognised and state will care for that child in some other way," she said.

However, Annette Hickey, a partner in Poe Kielty Hogan Solicitors in Kilkenny, who specialises in surrogacy, questioned whether refusing to grant a parental order to non-compliant parents is the right approach.

"The sanctions or the consequences, you keep coming back to, 'hold on a second, that's not good for the child, that’s not good for the child,’" she said.

"There has to be a means to ensure that whatever type of sanction, at the end of the day, the child has to be protected. When I look at it and study how this could actually possibly play out: it impacts the child. That is not what anyone wants."

Prime Time has spoken to three couples who have opted for surrogacy arrangements abroad. Before embarking on the process, they were all keenly aware of bad actors seeking to take advantage of parents and surrogates.

They researched clinics thoroughly, and throughout the surrogacy arrangement they were fully satisfied that their surrogates were well cared for, that they were fairly compensated, and they were happy to participate in the process.

The risk of exploitation - particularly in international surrogacy - is one of the reasons they believe the proposed legislation is so important, to protect the surrogate and the intended families.

Brian and Kathy Egan had always planned to have four children. But after having their first son, Harry, Kathy had eight miscarriages.

They began to consider gestational surrogacy, the process where a woman agrees to carry and give birth to a baby via IVF using the egg and sperm of at least one of the intended parents.

"Because it's new to you, you're second-guessing everything, you really want to make sure you have the right information. It's going to be the right clinic, the right surrogate, and everything is right for in every way," Kathy's husband Brian said.

Having researched clinics in the US and Canada, the Egans decided to go with a clinic in Lviv, Ukraine.

"We did Zoom or Skype calls with Mariana, our surrogate... She was in no doubt that this was helping us both," Kathy said.

Mariana carried the baby that was made with Kathy's egg and Brian’s sperm. Therefore, genetically, the baby which Marianna gave birth to is Brian and Kathy’s child.

Baby Luke arrived early May 2019 while Brian and Kathy were at home in Kilkenny. They travelled through the night to get to Lviv.

"You cannot get there quick enough. You'd swim there," Kathy said.

The entire process cost the Egans about €100,000, including payment to the clinic, legal fees, flights, accommodation.

Senator Mary Seery Kearney did 13 rounds of IVF before considering surrogacy. When she began researching, she was dismayed to find there was no central agency or authority to contact for information. She had to rely on Google and eventually settled for the most impressive website; a clinic in Kyiv. "We flew over, we gave them €12,000 upfront, and nothing came of that," she said.

After her experience in Ukraine, Senator Seery Kearney and her husband found a clinic in India.

"All in all, we're looking about €38,000 to €42,000. So that's eight years ago. Now [it] would be somewhere around 60 [thousand] as a starting charge. But then you have legal costs of at least another €10,000 on that," she said.

Adding on accommodation and flights, the final cost was closer to €70,000.

Cathy and Keith Wheatley remortgaged their house to front the cost. They paid just under €40,000 to a clinic in Ukraine, of which €14,000 was compensation for their surrogate Ivanna.

But with legal fees, flights and accommodation, their total spend was €70,000.

None of the families who spoke to Prime Time ever expected to have to use a surrogacy arrangement to have a baby. The process takes a huge emotional and financial strain. And even after all that, mothers find themselves with no way to be recognised as such in Irish law.

The challenge for the Government now is to find a balance of legislation which ensures the safety and protection of Irish families and surrogates, while also being workable and realistic in the international context. It is not an easy task, but families and would-be parents are waiting.

"We'd hope that legislation is in place properly soon for us and for all those families out there that don't want to be on this journey but want to make sure that things are right for everybody," Brian Egan said.

[gaiafertility]

Explore the trusted surrogacy solutions at GAIA Fertility, a leading surrogacy agency in Albania. We offer personalized support to couples and individuals seeking family-building options, ensuring a seamless journey with professional guidance and ethical practices.

[mariacallous]

Opposition Democratic Party MP Zheni Gjergji on Tuesday criticised a proposed legislation reproductive health and rights in Albania, saying that allowing surrogacy will affect poorer women in the country.

The government has already published the proposed law for public consultation. It includes extending the time limits for abortions from 12 to 14 weeks, while abortions for the protection of a woman’s health are to be allowed for up to 22 weeks.

The law regulates the rights to donate and receive donations for assisted pregnancy and approves assisted pregnancy rights for married heterosexual couples and single females, but not for homosexual couples.

For the first time in Albania, the law will also permit surrogacy, a process in which a woman carries and delivers a child for a couple or individual. It will allow surrogacy only if the beneficiary woman is proven to be sterile.

But MP Gjergji suggested that it might cause suffering for poorer women.

“This paves the way for massive abuse and modern slavery and can transform Albania into a large criminal laboratory,” Gjergji said.

She also complained about effective lack of free healthcare in the country, including for reproductive healthcare. Some 60 per cent of all healthcare expenditures in Albania are paid for by people out of their own pockets rather than from taxes.

Albania legalised abortion in 1995, and unlike many other countries, abortion rights has so far not become a topic of political debate.

However, this could be about to change as some opposition MPs have leaned toward conservative policies, complaining about a lack of protection for the institution of the family and airing related conspiracy theories about the government or rights activists.

[surrogacyconsultancy]

Surrogacy laws in Albania are relatively limited and ambiguous. As of the latest information available, there are no specific laws governing surrogacy in Albania. This lack of legislation can pose challenges and uncertainties for those considering surrogacy arrangements in the country. Without clear legal frameworks, both intended parents and surrogate mothers may face legal risks and complications. It's advisable for individuals interested in pursuing surrogacy in Albania to seek legal counsel and thoroughly understand the potential legal implications before proceeding.

[nezumiko]

2020 Milestones in LGBTQ Rights

As the year turns there is much to be thankful for, and you may have missed some of the milestones for LGBTQ people around the world — here are some for 2020. (Curated by Rev Terri Echelbarger of Many Journeys MCC, from the Wikipedia article 2020 in LGBT Rights )

Marriage/Civil Unions — Northern Ireland, Sark, Costa Rica, and South Africa all legalized same sex marriage, plus two more states in Mexico. Montenegro voted to legalize same-sex civil unions. In Nevada voters enshrined protection for Same-Sex marriage in their state constitution (“Question 2”). This is important protection against any Federal attempt reassert a ban.

Transgender Rights — New Hampshire passed a law allowing a third gender option on driver licenses. In Israel a change of gender on a passport no longer requires surgery to have occurred, and the age for which this change is possible has been lowered from 18 to 16 years old.

Reproductive Rights — It is now legal in Croatia for same sex couples to foster children. In Isreal the Supreme Court has instructed the government to make surrogacy for same-sex couples legal. In Ireland (female) same sex couples who chose to have a child via a DAHR procedure (Artificial Insemination with a traceable donor) can now both be co-registered as parents of the child, as is also done with this procedure when it's for opposite sex couple.

HIV AIDS and Blood Donations — In the United States, Brazil, Uruguay, United Kingdom, and New Zealand, laws restricting blood donations by gay men were either repealed or relaxed. In the USA the deferral period was relaxed form one year to three months.

Conversion Therapy — Conversion therapy was banned in Yukon (Canada), the State of Mexico, Mexico City, Virginia (USA), and Albania. In Germany forced conversion therapy is banned for those under 18.

Job and Housing Protections — In Hong Kong the High Court has struck down discriminatory public housing policies and made public housing for families available to same sex couples. In the USA, the Supreme Court extended federal job protections provided to gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender workers, in the cases R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia.

Other Progress — Discrimination on the basis of sexuality is now illegal in Barbados and Switzerland. In Washington the governor signed a bill removing the "gay panic defense" as a defense for committing a crime (usually a homicide.) The president of Zambia has pardoned nearly 3000 inmates that were convicted of homosexuality in the past decade(s), and Sudan lifted the death penalty for homosexuality. (Homosexuality does remain illegal in Zambia and Sudan.)

[costiascoven]

🌈🌍🌎🌏🌈

Albania

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Same-sex sexual activity legal (1995)

Equal age of consent (14) (2001)

Anti-discrimination laws in employment (2010)

Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services (2010)

Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (incl. indirect discrimination, hate speech) (2010)

Adoption by single LGBT people

Allowed to serve openly in the military (2008)

Conversion therapy banned on minors (2020)

MSMs allowed to donate blood

❌

Same-sex marriages

Recognition of same-sex couples

Step-child adoption by same-sex couples

Joint adoption by same-sex couples

Right to change legal gender

Access to IVF for lesbians

Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples (Illegal for all couples regardless of sexual orientation)

[surrogacycare]

How to find the right support regarding surrogacy in Albania?

Albania is one of those countries that have recently made their name as a preferred surrogacy destination for many intended parents around the world. That said, navigating surrogacy in Albania can be daunting, particularly if you want everything to go without a glitch. Moreover, finding the appropriate support can feel taxing. As the nation becomes a rising center for assisted reproductive technologies, it’s crucial to understand the tools at hand and the considerations to take. From surrogacy agencies in Albania to selecting the right IVF clinic in Albania, this guide will walk through how to locate the ideal support system.

1. Getting familiar with the Basics: Is Surrogacy Legal in Albania?

One of the most daunting questions to ask before delving into this planning is: Is surrogacy legal in Albania? Well, the answer can get a little complicated. Albania does not now have proper law specifically controlling surrogacy. Although there are no clear bans, the legal system does not strongly support surrogacy contracts. That said, under current legal systems, surrogacy agreements are often encouraged under careful direction. Moreover, working with experienced experts who know local laws is absolutely vital if one is to negotiate these challenges.

2. Selecting the right Surrogacy Agency

Ensuring a seamless and supported experience depends on selecting the right surrogacy agencies in Albania. From matching you with a surrogate to organizing legal, medical, and emotional support, these agencies are the foundation of your journey and offer a whole spectrum of services. Still, the main concern is: how to locate a trustworthy agency? Research properly: Start your research with online reviews, testimonies, and local recommendations. Moreover, various websites and forums can provide you understanding of agency operations and sometimes first-hand knowledge of experiences. Examine Their Level of Knowledge: Look for agencies with past expertise handling surrogacy matters. Their performance can show how suited they are to manage any road bumps.

Transparency is important: A qualified agency will be open about budgets, legal requirements, and expenses. Think of it as a red flag if things seem nebulous or too good to be true.

Prioritize proper communication: Choose a firm that gives open and honest communication top priority. Do know that surrogacy is a drawn-out process, thus you want to be supported all through.

3. Locating a Surrogate Mother

Finding the suitable surrogate mother in Albania comes next once you are done with other things mentioned earlier. Moreover, follow the given process to get the desired results: Health Screening: Make sure the surrogate has completed proper psychological and medical assessments. These tests guarantee her mental and physical preparation for the journey. Compatibility Verification: The surrogate and you should have mutual respect and understanding. Your surrogacy journey will revolve much around this relationship.

Talk About Early Expectations: Clearly state roles, responsibilities, and expectations. This can cover lifestyle choices as well as frequency of desired pregnancy updates.

4. Selecting the right IVF clinic

The medical aspect of surrogacy is also rather crucial. That said, choosing the right IVF clinic in Albania guarantees excellent help for your journey. Here’s something to think about: Success Rates: Look for clinics with high IVF and surrogate case success rates. Usually found on clinic websites, this data is also easily available upon request.

Professional Specialists: Make sure the clinic boasts a staff of very skilled fertility experts. The results could be much different depending on their knowledge.

Technology and Facilities: The IVF process depends much on modern technologies and a well-equipped clinic. Usually, modern facilities point to improved prospects of success.

Check whether the clinic offers counseling or other support tools to help you across the emotional phases of the IVF process.

5. Handling Legal Aspects under Expert Guideline

Having a qualified legal team is not negotiable given the uncertainty about whether your concern is – is surrogacy is legal in Albania. Your legal advisor will assist you in understanding parental rights, drafting agreements, and making sure everyone’s obligations are precisely expressed. If you are an international intended parent, this phase is especially important since cross-border laws can create layers of complication.

6. Community and Emotional Support

Emotional support is absolutely important in case you are looking for a streamlined journey. The surrogacy process can be emotional, thus depending on a strong support system makes all the difference. Join Surrogacy Forums and Groups: Participating in online communities can offer both emotional solace and useful guidance from others having gone through the process.

Look for Counseling Services: Many surrogacy agencies and clinics provide counseling to assist intended parents on the emotional rollercoaster surrogacy presents.

Families and Friends: Lean on your personal network without delay for help. One can really benefit from even just having someone to chat to.

7. Prepare for the Unplanned

Since surrogacy paths are rarely simple, one should be ready for all the challenges. That said, a flexible attitude can help with a medical setback, legal obstacle, or emotional stress as well. This is another reason why working with a reputable IVF clinic in Albania and trustworthy surrogacy agencies is absolutely vital. Their knowledge will help you go past any challenges.

Final words

Finding the right support for surrogacy in Albania demands careful preparation and proper planning. Every action counts, from knowing whether surrogacy is legal in Albania to selecting a compatible and compassionate surrogate mother there. As you work toward building your family, the right professionals can help to smooth out your path, reduce stress, and ideally create a happy experience. Take your time, do your homework, and then trust the process. Your dream of being a parent can become a lovely reality with the right help.

Source: https://surrogacycareservices.wordpress.com/2024/11/06/how-to-find-the-right-support-regarding-surrogacy-in-albania/

[surrogacycare]

Surrogacy in Albania is available through clinics operating under general reproductive health regulations. These clinics offer IVF, embryo transfer, and comprehensive care. Legal consultation is crucial due to the lack of explicit surrogacy laws.

[surrogacycare]

Surrogacy in Albania is a legal process where a surrogate mother carries a child for intended parents who are unable to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term. The process involves extensive legal agreements and medical procedures to ensure the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved are clearly defined and protected. Surrogacy in Albania is gaining popularity due to its relatively lower costs compared to other countries and the availability of well-regulated clinics offering professional services.

[surrogacycare]

Surrogacy in Albania: A Quick Step-by Step guide for the International intended parents!

There are many reasons to why surrogacy in Albania is highly recommended. First up, the country comes along with an express legislation to ensure the swift registration of the new born babies. Moreover, it does offer equal opportunities to form family to people from every ethnicity, culture, sex and religion.

On the other hand, anyone can opt for an affordable surrogacy program with the help of a trusted surrogacy clinic in Albania. That said, many people are curious about the step by step process to plan up their surrogacy journey in this part of the world.

 For all those would be parents, we hereby bring up a detailed guide towards parenthood with the help and support of a surrogacy agency Albania. Still, before that, we will take you through to some points that confirm the relevance of this country as a perfect surrogacy destination.

Few quick reasons to pick surrogacy in Albania

According to the surrogacy laws in Albania, anyone, be it a homosexual intended parents or a single parent, can pursue their parenthood goals in the country via surrogacy. So, we can say that even single parent surrogacy in Albania is permissible. Besides, there are certain provisions in the surrogacy laws in Albania that allows the listing of the intended parents as the legal parents of the born child.

On the other hand, the same law allows the listing of the intended parents on the birth certificate within the 20-30 days post birth of the child. Besides, every surrogacy clinic in Albania and even the fertility centers have to work within the legal framework of the proposed guidelines

Apart from this, following are some of the key mention regarding the rights and obligations of every party involved in the surrogacy program.

·        Surrogacy laws in Albania doesn’t mention about any restriction or obstruction related to the signing of agreement between the international intended parents and the local surrogate mother.

·        The kid born via surrogacy would have the complete right to have an Argentinean passport upon birth and may leave the country with it.

·        Also, the surrogate mother has to sign an agreement before the embryo transfer that confirms that she has no will to procreate and the intended parents would be the legal parents of the born child. So, we can say that the surrogate mother won’t be listed as the legal mother on the birth certificate by any means.

Step by step procedure for the surrogacy process in Albania

Connecting with the surrogacy agency Albania

Firstly, intended parents only need to complete a questionnaire to begin the program, which will help the surrogacy agency to understand their unique situation. Moreover, the agency will then be able to direct the intended parents toward the best course of action. This can be done via an offline or an online meet up with the surrogacy professionals.

Fertility assessment

Following your selection of the best option, the agency must analyze your gametes from the intended parents to determine whether it satisfies the necessary criteria for fertility treatment. Besides, you have two choices in this situation: Visit Albania or send your sample from your country of origin. Besides, to be able to do this, the surrogacy agency will be having a laboratory that brings together all international conditions. On the other hand, the cost of the procedure includes the freezing and storage of the semen in the Argentine clinic as well as the analysis of the egg donor and semen.

Signing the surrogacy contract

The next step talks about signing the surrogacy contract between the surrogate mother and the intended parents in Albania. Moreover, the intended parents must know that there is no need to come to Albania during the start of the program. That said, you can sign the contracts by connecting with a surrogacy agency online or sending the signed copy via fax or email.

The contract would also talk about the surrogacy cost in Albania that’s need to be paid by the intended parents.

Kick starting the procedure

The teams involving the agency and IVF treatment in Albania will now start the procedure after the sperm sample has been sent to the clinic in Albania or after the sample is dropped off at the IVF clinic. According to the calendar that was previously planned during the initial consultation, you will be getting the updates from the surrogacy agency Albania , and you will, of course, be able to communicate with the surrogate mother in Albania through their coordinator.

Embryo fertilization

Embryo creation or fertilization is the next step in this process. Here, the donor will undergo an ovarian stimulation procedure to accomplish the given purpose. Besides, this package includes medication and ultrasound-assisted medical monitoring up until the time of ovarian puncture during IVF treatment in Albania. On the other hand, the oocytes will either be fertilized with the intended father's semen or, if necessary, with donor’s semen. That said, before being transferred to the surrogate mother in Albania, the developed embryos will be cryopreserved.

Medical assessment of the surrogate mother

The surrogate mother is also subject to rigorous medical and psychological scrutiny during this process. Moreover, the endometrial stimulation for the embryo transfer begins as soon as she is deemed qualified for gestational surrogacy in Albania .

Besides, medical supervision and medication are both part of the program for the embryo transfer. That said, the number of transfers allowed under the guarantee program is unlimited, but it is always constrained by the total amount of embryos the agency have been able to obtain through the process with the ovarian donor.

Pregnancy confirmation

The agency will then plan up the visits to the gynecologist every three weeks once the surrogate mother becomes pregnant, which will be detected via a blood test. Moreover, a detailed analysis will be performed at check-ups every 17 weeks, and the baby will undergo a morphological ultrasound in week 20. On the other hand, the agency will have the baby's echocardiogram in week 25.

Also, it is advised to travel to Albania one month prior to the anticipated due date. Moreover, the pregnancy will take place in a private hospital with a neonatal intensive care unit. On the other hand, a team of pediatricians will perform a checkup on the newborn right after birth.

Issuing the Birth Certificate and Passport

Once the child is born, the agency will assist you in obtaining all the necessary paperwork for your return to your country of origin from Albania.

Final words

Surrogacy in Albania is recommended to everyone who is looking for an affordable way to achieve parenthood. Still, in order to make it go in a smooth and convenient manner, we would advise you to get in touch with a renowned surrogacy agency in Albania .

Source: https://wakelet.com/wake/Is8y6Ag575tBtk1TMvADd

[gaiafertility]

Just in case you are looking for the best possible surrogacy option in Albania, you must read this blog till the very end.  Intended parents must know that surrogacy for couples in Albania has been used for many years in Albania, still there are no laws governing it there. This enables the nation to provide programs to heterosexual couples, regardless of whether they are married or not, as well as to single male.