#stemresearch

[celestialdnagenome]

The Structure and Function of Mitochondria: The Powerhouse of the Cell

Mitochondria are indispensable organelles present in nearly all eukaryotic cells, essential for generating the energy required for various biological functions. Often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell, these tiny structures play a critical role in energy production, cellular metabolism, and other vital processes that sustain life. Only eukaryotic organisms like humans, animals, plants, algae, protozoa, and fungi carry mitochondria in their cells. Without mitochondria, life as we know it would not exist.

Energy Production and Cellular Respiration

Mitochondria generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate through a process known as cellular respiration. They take nutrients, break them down, and convert them into adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell. This energy fuels the majority of cellular functions, from muscle contraction to the synthesis of biomolecules.

Unique Features of Mitochondria

Unlike other organelles, mitochondria have unique features that distinguish them:

Dual Membranes:

Mitochondria are enclosed by two membranes—an outer membrane and an inner membrane—each serving distinct functions. The outer membrane contains protein channels called porins, which allow small molecules to pass freely. In contrast, the inner membrane is impermeable to most molecules, requiring specialized transporters for molecular movement. This inner membrane is also the site of adenosine triphosphate production.

Mitochondrial DNA:

Mitochondria possess their own DNA, separate from the nuclear DNA of the cell. This mitochondrial DNA encodes for essential proteins involved in energy production and is inherited exclusively from the mother, making it a valuable tool in tracing maternal ancestry in genetic studies.

Dynamic Nature:

Mitochondria are highly dynamic, constantly undergoing fission and fusion to adapt to the energy demands of the cell. Despite being commonly depicted as oval structures, they form interconnected and ever-changing networks within the cell.

Structural Components of Mitochondria

Mitochondria are divided into distinct compartments, each with specific roles:

The Outer Membrane:

This membrane is permeable to small molecules and houses enzymes with diverse functions.

The Intermembrane Space:

The region between the outer and inner membranes, important in processes like oxidative phosphorylation.

The Inner Membrane:

This membrane contains the protein complexes of the electron transport chain, essential for adenosine triphosphate production. The folds of the inner membrane, known as cristae, increase its surface area, enhancing the efficiency of chemical reactions.

The Matrix:

The space enclosed by the inner membrane, the matrix contains enzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes. It is critical for the citric acid cycle and other metabolic processes.

Variability in Mitochondrial Numbers

The number of mitochondria within a cell varies depending on its energy demands. For example, mature red blood cells lack mitochondria entirely, while liver cells can contain more than 2,000. Heart muscle cells, which require constant energy, allocate approximately 40% of their cytoplasmic volume to mitochondria.

Evolutionary Significance

Mitochondria are believed to have evolved from ancient bacteria that entered into a symbiotic relationship with early eukaryotic cells. This endosymbiotic theory explains their unique characteristics, such as having their own DNA and the double-membrane structure.

Additional Roles of Mitochondria

Beyond energy production, mitochondria perform numerous other functions:

Calcium Storage:

Mitochondria regulate intracellular calcium levels, vital for cellular signaling and muscle function.

Heat Generation:

In specialized cells, mitochondria produce heat through a process called thermogenesis.

Apoptosis:

Mitochondria play a key role in programmed cell death, a process critical for maintaining cellular health.

In sperm cells, mitochondria are spirally arranged in the midpiece, providing the energy needed for motility. This unique arrangement underscores the adaptability of mitochondria to meet specific cellular requirements.

While mitochondria are best known as the "powerhouse" of the cell, their functions extend far beyond energy production. They are central to numerous cellular processes, from metabolism and signaling to apoptosis and thermogenesis. Understanding mitochondria's diverse roles underscores their importance in health and disease, cementing their status as one of the most studied organelles in cellular biology.

[academic1995]

Graduate Research

Graduate research is a pivotal part of advanced academic study, allowing students to explore, investigate, and contribute to their chosen field of knowledge. Graduate researchers engage in extensive projects, often leading to dissertations or theses, that aim to address critical questions, solve real-world problems, or advance theoretical frameworks. The research process involves literature review, hypothesis formation, data collection, and analysis, which culminates in presenting findings that offer new insights or innovations. Through this journey, graduate students refine their critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills, preparing them for careers in academia, industry, or professional practice.

Website : sciencefather.com

Nomination: Nominate Now

Registration: Register Now

Contact Us: contact@academicexcellenceawards.com

[iitroorkee]

IIT Roorkee research team develops a one-step separation of milk fat globules based on size using cross-flow microfiltration. Ayushi Kapoor, a PhD student of IIT Roorkee and has been awarded the International Travel Award by the Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.

[shravya96]

How Energy Storage Batteries Stabilize Our Power Grid #sciencefather#energy

Discover how renewable energy sources like wind and solar can become more reliable with cutting-edge battery backup systems! 🌞💨🔋 Learn how energy storage batteries store excess power and release it during low production times, ensuring a continuous and steady power supply. Dive deep into advanced control systems that enable these batteries to mimic traditional power plants, boosting grid resilience and minimizing blackouts.

#RenewableEnergy #EnergyStorage #SolarPower #WindEnergy #GridResilience #SustainableFuture#ScienceFather#ResearchInnovation

#academicpublishing #ScientificResearch#GlobalResearchAwards

#ResearchCommunity#YoungScientist#STEMResearch#AcademicExcellence#researchimpact

International Young Scientist Awards

Website link: youngscientistawards.com

Nomination Link: https://youngscientistawards.com/award-nomination/?ecategory=Awards&rcategory=Awardee

Contact Us: support@youngscientistawards.com

Social Media:

Twitter : https://twitter.com/youngsc06963908

Linkedin- : https://www.linkedin.com/in/shravya-r...

Pinterest : https://in.pinterest.com/youngscienti...

Blog : https://youngscientistaward.blogspot....

Tumblr : https://www.tumblr.com/blog/shravya9

[aneesdefencecareerinstitute]

Indian Space Research is organising(ISRO) a special programme for School Children called *"Young Scientist Programme" "YUva VIgyani KAryakram" , YUVIKA,* to impart basic knowledge on Space Technology, Space Science and Space Applications

The programme is also expected to encourage more students to pursue in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) based research /career.

*End of Registration: April 10, 2022*

For details contact us today

Regards,

Team ADCI

9890826344

[bretcorey]

The more you know. #theallseeingeye #cerebralcortex #thirdeye #knowledgforyourlife #ancientegypt #akashicrecord #sight #vision #intuition #intuitive #luciddreaming #premonition #enlightenment #enlightened #wisdome #knowledge #knowthyself #oldenergy #reincarnation #egypt #mindfulness #mind #neurology #neurological #stemresearch #stem #science #ancient #humanity #energy #introspection

[keithtse]

On this 14th March #314 #314day , let’s celebrate the existence of one of the most important #numbers of all time, #pi #π , by pushing for #stem #stemeducation #stemresearch #science #scientificresearch in the #us #usa and beyond. #sciencerocks #sciencerules #sciencememes #sciencenotsilence #marchforscience #fightforscience #electscientists （在 Washington, District of Columbia） https://www.instagram.com/p/BvBBM2_nt7h/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1ic5u1plqs6ao

[novasciencepublishers-blog]

Stem Cells Origins of Cytokine Interactions Prasad S. Koka (Editor)

CD34+ pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generally involved in all aspects of the human system as well as in the stem cell therapeutic strategies, as in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This book deals with several original research articles on HSC proliferation and containment. Lineage directed differentiation of HSCs and use of easily available herbal extracts for greatly increased proliferation into erythrocytes to treat thrombocytopenia are herein reported.

HSCs respond to the growth factors and the herbal medicine is a welcome substitute with lack of known side effects for treatment purposes. However molecular mechanisms as in signal transduction are more easily deciphered than those derived from the herbs which may well be taken up for future studies. Mutations in the signal transduction genes such as JAK-2 have been shown to cause dysregulation of the CD34+ cell differentiation causing erythrocytosis, which is the reverse of thrombocytopenia, both of which are undesirable clinical consequences! Erythrocytes have been shown to date back to ancient tissues from the fossils.(Imprint: Nova Medicine and Health)

[nikc]

2017 Academic Olympics 🥇🥉#EngineeringJudge #STEMResearch #Enginerd (at College of DuPage)

[jobrxiv]

Biomedical Sciences Program Director and Associate Professor of Biology University of North Florida Application Deadline: 2023-01-02 The Department of Biology within the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of North Florida (UNF) invites applications for a state-funded, Biomedical Sciences Program Director and Associate P... See the full job description on jobRxiv: https://jobrxiv.org/job/university-of-north-florida-27778-biomedical-sciences-program-director-and-associate-professor-of-biology/?feed_id=31704 #ScienceJobs #hiring #research #STEMeducation #STEMresearch #biomedical

[publicationgenesis]

Submission call for Special issue on "Regenerative medicine: clinical use of stem cells as therapies" Deadline: 25th December 2020 Showcase your research work to editorialoffice99@gmail.com https://lnkd.in/ebtK_-3 #tuesdaythoughts #tuesdaymotivation #tuesdayvibes #stemcell #stemcelltherapy #cellbiology #journals #stemresearch #regenerativemedicine #regeneration #regenerativefarming #regenmed

[instapicsil1]

Show Me the Money: Scholarship & Resource Day - Thursday, September 7, 10 am to 1 pm Hosted by the Harold Washington College Transfer Center 30 E Lake Street • Room 103 The event will be open to all Harold Washington College and City Colleges of Chicago Students. The first 100 people to walk in will get 100 Grand or Payday Candy Bars. The event will include scholarship providers, community resources, jobs that offer tuition assistance, student clubs, and opportunities for paid research. Scholarships who will be represented are: • Blessons Scholarships • Jack Kent Cooke Transfer Scholarship • Barry Goldwater Scholarship • STEM Success Scholarship • 1600 Union Scholarships (Soglin McBride, Orzac, and Norm Swensen Awards) • Friends of Harold Washington College Scholarship Organizations and Community Resources that include: • America Needs You (ANY) • One Million Degrees • Public Policy & International Affairs Program (Fellowship) • La Casa Student Housing • Nice to Know Resources • UIC Undocumented Student Resources • Illinois Student Assistance Commission (ISAC) • UIC Honors College Opportunities for STEM/ Healthcare Research include: • Bridges to Baccalaureate Program @ UIC • L@S GANAS @ UIC • Health Care Navigator @ UIC • Center for Science Engagement@ NEIU Jobs that Offer Tuition Assistance: • AON • UPS/ Chicagoland Regional College Program (CRCP) #scholarships #internships #jobs #financialaid #transfer #haroldwashingtoncollege #tuitionassistance #stemresearch #communityresources #paidresearch http://ift.tt/2wGXjfd

[spookdeerloveorgan]

Come on up to #bt2 to help out a great cause! #stemresearch (at 'Bout Time II)

[shravya96]

Unlocking the Brain's Attention Mechanisms #sciencefather

Unlocking the Brain's Attention Mechanisms" explores the complex neural processes that govern how we focus, filter, and prioritize information. By studying brain activity and cognitive functions, scientists aim to unravel the intricate systems responsible for attention, leading to breakthroughs in understanding human cognition, enhancing learning, and treating disorders such as ADHD or autism. This research bridges neuroscience, psychology, and AI, providing insights into how attention works at a neural level and how it can be optimized for mental health and performance.

 #ScienceFather#ScientificResearch#ResearchInnovation #ResearcherLife#ScienceCommunity#STEMResearch#AttentionMechanisms#BrainFunction#UnlockingTheMind#Neuroscience#CognitiveScience 

 Young Scientist Awards 

 Website link: youngscientistawards.com 

 Nomination Link: https://youngscientistawards.com/award-nomination/?ecategory=Awards&rcategory=Awardee 

 Contact Us: support@youngscientistawards.com 

 Social Media: 

 Twitter : https://twitter.com/youngsc06963908

 Linkedin- : https://www.linkedin.com/in/shravya-r... 

 Pinterest : https://in.pinterest.com/youngscienti... 

 Blog : https://youngscientistaward.blogspot.... 

 Tumblr : https://www.tumblr.com/blog/shravya9

[heyitsjenns]

On the cover of the Massasoit Alumni magazine! #famous #STEMScholarsIntern #STEMIntern #STEMresearch #massasoitcommunitycollege #mcc

[bretcorey]

Have been practicing predicting traffic lights sensing when they're going to change even trying to protect my energy to get the light to change, I believe this is something many people do but I do consciously practicing knowing myself. Well yesterday I raise my hand and open my palm to release the light and it changed a that moment . I went on with my day got done doing shopping and as a walk through the parking lot somebody that had seen me do it asked if I knew magic. lol "I said not really, he said give me something no one tells me anything." Truthfully what we are is Energy everything honors is made of matter out of energy thus call Sagan said we are Stardust. Scientist have discovered that consciousness continues after death, this answers the age old question came first consciousness or life. Since consciousness continues after death it is beyond life. Akashic Record is the preconceived universe and energy source comprised of everything that ever was is and ever will be stemming into our reality of life, the energy that we are. Knowing that we come from the same source of energy, and consciousness is electrical impulses between 88 billion neurons of energy in each of us. This means the source of the universe from which all Energy we stem from is a Great consciousness which is why we have consciousness stemming from that consciousness feeling it at times throughout all energy we experience as life. Call it what you like, the connection to God perhaps. When I look into myself I am looking into the eternal universe beyond myself. #knowledgforyourlife #enlightenment #wisdomeoftheday #peace #success #akashicrecord #akashicrecord #akashicfield #knowthyself #universe #eternal #energy #science #stemresearch #enlightened #enlightenment #lightbeing #goodmoring #positivethinking #positivevibes #zen #oldenergy