#solvent extraction plant mumbai

[sapna554-blog]

Solvent Extraction Plant and Supplier in Mumbai, India.

SES Agrotech is solvent extraction plants are used where oil is extracted from oil seeds like Rice bran, soybean, sunflower, cottonseed. Other oil cakes like groundnut cake, mustard cake.

[pemac2020]

Suppliers in the field of vegetable oil refinery & solvent extraction Plants in INDIA & ABROAD. Slowly and gradually company involved into turnkey fabrications in other industries also, like food processing, textile, sugar, and paper with the vision of delivering a range of high performance machines in accordance with the current market requirement.

PEMAC is a team of new generation innovative professionals, who always take insight into the emerging requirements of the processors, for development & implementation of latest technologies, to reach the market competition.

Having its own in-house facility and infrastructure to conform to industry standards. Also company has diversified into the field of process Development by engaging itself in providing industrial equipment’s like pumps, motors, valves, instrumentation, plate heat exchangers, etc. to all the segments in industry.

PEMAC is one of the fastest growing Project Engineering Management And Consultancy with 20 years of Practical Experience. Commited for manufacturing and suppliers of oil refinery plant, oil processing plant India and Abroad.

[anilv89-blog]

Solvent Extraction Plants Product Information : SES Agrotech Project Engineers Private Limited

SES AGROTECH PROJECT ENGINEERS PRIVATE LIMITED is a Mumbai based company working towards excellence in the Factory & Manufacturing space, and believe in pursuing business through innovation and technology. Our team comes with several years of industry experience, and comprise of a highly motivated set of specialists & industry experts. Our goal is to be leader in the industry by providing enhanced products, services, relationship and profitability. Our vision is to provide quality products & services that exceed the expectations of our esteemed customers. We firmly believe that our customers are the reason for our existence, and greatly respect the trust that they place in us. We grow through creativity and innovation. We integrate honesty, integrity and business ethics into all aspects of our business functioning. Our mission is to build long term relationships with our customers. We strive towards delighting our customers at every opportunity through exceptional customer service. Our future looks bright as we continue developing a strong base of key customers and increasing the assets and investments of the company. WHAT WE DO SES AGROTECH PROJECT ENGINEERS PRIVATE LIMITED is involved in Manufacture of machinery chiefly employed by grain milling industry and for the oil mills, machinery to clean , sort or grade seed, grain or dried leguminous vegetables; machinery used to produce flour, meal or other ground products; machinery for the extraction or preparation of animal or fixed vegetable fats and oils.

Solvent Extraction Plants

PRODUCT AND SERVICE PORTFOLIO

We follow authentic and effective approach to fulfill customer’s requirements of services related to engineering, technical and project management. Our customer centric approach has motivated us to make use of latest available technology while executing turnkey projects for our clients.

We have been providing our clients with effective services that include preparatory section, meal, conditioning section, solvent extraction plant, expander plant, continuous neutralizing plant, continuous bleaching plant, continuous dewaxing plant, continuous deodorizing plant, solvent extraction plants, hydrogenation plant, acid oil plant, filtration plant and miscellaneous trading activities.

Our range plants fabricated by us acknowledged for the following   features :

Tops performance 

Easy installation 

Easy to maintain 

Corrosion resistant 

OUR TURNKEY PROJECTS

We offer effective turnkey services to our clients by installing various continuous solvent extraction and vegetable oil refining plants across the globe. Adopting latest technology developments, we have been able to design and develop the equipments while and develop the equipment while keeping in mind even the minutest detail provided by the client. Providing efficient turnkey solutions to our clients, we have been able to mark ourselves as a renowned name in the Industry.

Serving our clients efficiently through our turnkey services has enabled us to reach the paradigm of success. We have undertaken turnkey projects for setting up:

OIL MILL (EXPELLERS, SCREW PRESS) 

OIL SEED PROCESSING MACHINERIES 

EXPANDER SYSTEM 

CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PLANT 

MEAL CONDITIONING SECTION 

CATTLE & POULTRY FEED PLANTS 

HYDROGENATION & VANASPATI PLANT 

CONTINUOUS/BATCH VEGETABLE OIL REFINERY 

PHYSICAL REFINERY 

DE-ACIDIFICATION PLANT 

DRY-FRACTION PLANT 

ACID OIL PLANT 

WINTERIZATION PLANT 

MANAGEMENT TEAM We have a strong team of professionals who are well versed with the kind of services we offer. Backed by their meticulous efforts we are able to build a strong position in the industry. We have a list of directors who constantly motivate and boost the morale of our workforce. THE LIST OF DIRECTORS ENCOMPASSES

Mr. KITTUR Y.A. 

MRS.KITTUR Y.Y. 

Mr. M.ISSAQ 

Our team comprises experienced process engineers who are capable of carrying out basic design of process plants from pilot plant level by close interface with the technologists engaged in process development. Their experience and capability of taking up challenges helps in provide guidance to customer’s operating staff at the time of starting and trouble shooting of the plant.

CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING ASSISTANT

Our process engineers have ample experience and capability of taking up challenges. They provide expert advice to customer’s operating staff during start-up and trouble shooting of the plant.

TURNKEY SUPPLY OF SYSTEMS

Our company is technically sound to take up design, supply installation and construction of vegetable oil plants on turnkey basis. We offer all-encompassing range of equipments needed by vegetable oil industry.

AUTOCAD

We make use of latest computers that are used of engineering related calculations, analysis, design and drafting. Our Autocad facility comprises.

Mechanical design, preparation of data sheets and G.A. drawings for vessels, reactors and heat exchangers.

P & I diagrams and electrical single line diagrams

Standard specification sheet for different works including tenders and contracts.

[journalmaterialscience-blog]

Synthesis of Calophyllum inophyllum Esters as Biofuel Feed stock Abstract Degrading fossil fuel resources have thrown world into chaos, besides various pollutions and greenhouse gases are a major concern. The fossil fuel shortage in near future is inevitable. This situation triggered the awareness to find alternative and sustainable energy resources. Biofuels are renewable fuel resources developed to replace conventional petroleum based fuels for transportation sector without altering the engines. In the present work, Biofuel is produced from Tamanu seeds (Calophyllum) which is available plenty in GITAM University. The fatty acid rich oil is converted to various esters using methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol. These esters were characterized by IR, JHNMR. The Physico- Chemical properties reveal that these esters can be one of the alternatives for the existing fossil fuel. Keywords: Calophyllum inophyllum oil; Fatty acids; Esters; Bio fuel. Go to Introduction Ever increasing petroleum products prices and uncertainties concerning their availability have increased the importance of vegetable oil based biofuel tremendously. The type of vegetable oils used for biofuel production is the parameter that contributes to the cost of the fuel preparation. In USA, mainly soybean oil is used as it is produced in surplus to the edible consumption. On the other hand, in Europe rapeseed oil or sunflower oil or used frying oils are utilized. In Asian countries like Malaysia and Indonesia, palm oil based biofuel are prepared as they have huge surplus of palm oil. India, being one of the major importers of vegetable oils every year, cannot afford to use any edible oil for the preparation of biofuel as almost half of its edible oil consumption depends on imports (9 million tons of edible oil). However, India, due to its tropical climatic conditions and vast terrain region has more than 100 types of trees yielding oil which are yet to be explored. The tree borne oils can be exploited for the preparation of biofuel. Calophyllum inophyllum is a species of family Guttifereae (Clusiaceae), it is a broad leaved evergreen tree widely planted throughout the tropics and easily grown along the coastal area. The tree is valued for its hardiness and beauty as an ornamental tree. Oil from the nuts has been traditionally used for medicine and cosmetics. Annual yield of Calophyllum is around 20-100kg/tree of whole fruits. Trees begin to bear sinificantly after 4-5 years. The nut kernel contains 50- 70% oil. Adeyeye et al. [1], Chavan et al. [2] has reported that the Calophyllum oil exhibited good physico chemical properties and could be used as a biodiesel feedstock and as an industrial application. Atabani et al. [3] has reported that the efficiency of engines has increased when fatty acid blends of Calophyllum biodiesel were used. Sanjid et al. [4], has reported that the Impact of palm, mustard, waste cooking oil and Calophyllum Inophyllum biofuels on performance and emission of CI engines. Krishnaji et al. [5] has reported that the CI engine performance is improved with significant reduction in emissions for the Calophyllum inophyllum Biodiesel without any engine modification. Ravi et al. [6] has studied Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics on Single Cylinder Diesel Engine using Calophyllum inophyllum Oil. Sanjay et al. [7] has reported that the tamanu seed crush is directly converted into biodiesel with in-situ trans esterification of fatty acid to methyl and ethyl esters. These components of biodiesel were analyzed by GCMS technique. Mohan et al. [8] has reported that the tamanu oil is a promising alternative fuel for direct-injection in four-stroke VCR engine. Atabani et al. [9], has studied the Fuel Properties of Croton megalo carpus, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Cocos nucifera (coconut) Methyl Esters and their Performance in a Multi cylinder Diesel Engine. Calophyllum is widely grown in GITAM University Figure 1 and in this study we report the synthesis of different ester derivatives of Calophyllum fatty acid from Calophyllum oil to study the effect of chain length on the biofuel properties of the products. Click here to view Large Figure 1 Go to Materials And Methods Calophyllum seeds were collected from GITAM University, Visakhapatnam. Hydrochloric acid, 1-propanol were purchased from MERK life science pvt Ltd., Mumbai. Methanol was purchased from Himedia laboratories pvt. Ltd., Dombivli. Ethyl acetate, Hexane and basic alumina from Finar chemicals Ltd, Ahmadabad. Sodium sulphate, Sodium hydrogen carbonate, Sodium hydroxide was purchased from Fisher scientific pvt Ltd Mumbai. Ethanol was purchased from Changshu Hongsheng fine chemicals from Changshu city Jiangsu Province. pTSA (Para toluene sulphonic acid) was purchased from avra labs, Hyderabad, India. Methods Analytical methods: The GC analysis was performed with an Agilent 6890 N series Gas Chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. 1HNMR spectra were recorded on Avance 300MHz in CDCl3. Chemical shift values relative to TMS as internal standards were given 5 values in ppm. IR spectra were obtained on a 1600 FT-IR Perkin-Elmer spectrometer (Norwalk, CT) with a liquid flim between the NaCl. Physicochemical properties namely Free Fatty Acid, density, moisture content, viscosity, flash and fire, cloud and pour and copper strip corrosion were determined using standard AOCS and ASTM methods. A typical procedure for the extraction of Calophyllum oil: The seeds were dried and the kernels were finely powdered and the powder was soxhlet extracted using hexane as a solvent. The hexane was removed under vacuum and the crude oil (40%) was dried under reduced pressure. The crude oil is used without further purification. A typical procedure for the preparation of Calophyllum fatty acid: Calophyllum oil (200gm) and aqueous NaOH solution (36gm dissolved in 450ml distilled water) were stirred mechanically The reaction was monitored by TLC using the solvent system hexane/ethyl acetate (90:10v/v). The reaction was continued until the disappearance of Triglyceride in TLC. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to 50 °C and acidified with concentrated HCl. The product was extracted with ethyl acetate and washed with water to remove excess HCl. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum to obtain 180gm of product (78% yields). The fatty acid thus obtained is semi solid. Fatty acid composition of the Calophyllum oil: Fatty acid methyl esters of the Calophyllum oil were prepared by refluxing crude oil with 2% H2SO4 in methanol for 4h. The esters were extracted with ethyl acetate, passed over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum. The obtained methyl ester was analyzed for its fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. The fatty acid composition of Calophyllum oil was tabulated in Table 2. A Typical procedure for the preparation of Calophyllum Fatty alkyl esters: Calophyllum fatty acids (50gm, 0.178mol), 1-butanol (26.45gm, 0.356mol), p-TSA (0.5gm based on 1% weight of fatty acid) and 50ml of toluene were collected in three necked round bottomed flask equipped with a thermometer, condenser and Dean stark apparatus. The reaction mixture was stirred at 130-140 °C. The reaction was monitored by checking TLC using hexane: ethyl acetate (90:10v/v). After the disappearance of fatty acid and the theoretical amount of water was collected. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The crude was concentrated under vacuum to remove alcohol and toluene. The resultant product was dissolved in hexane, washed with NaHCO3 solution, passed over anhydrous Na2SO4 and dried under vacuum to afford alkyl esters of Calophyllum fatty acids. The unreacted fatty acid was removed by passing the crude over basic alumina. The ester product was analyzed for acid value. The esters were characterized by IR, 1HNMR Spectral studies. Butyl ester of Calophyllum fatty acid IR (neat, cm-1): 3007(-C=C-H); 1740(-C=0); 1172(C-O). 1HNMR (CDCl3, δ-ppm): 0.85-0.92(t, CH3), 1.2-1.38 & 1.56- 1.67(m, -CH2), 2.0-2.1 (m, CH2CH=CH2), 2.29-2.31 (t, CH2C=O), 3.93-4.01 (t, CH2O), 5.45 (m, -CH=CH). The above procedure was followed to prepare various alkyl esters using different alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1 & 2-propanol) with Calophyllum fatty acids. And those esters were characterized by IR & 1HNMR studies. Methyl ester of Calophyllum fatty acid IR (neat, cm-1): 3007(-C=C-H); 1742(-C=O); 1118(C-O). 1HNMR (CDCl3, δ-ppm): 0.90(t, CH3), 1.2-1.38 & 1.52- 1.65(m, -CH2), 2.0-2.1 (m, CH2CH=CH2), 2.29-2.31 (t, CH2C=O), 3.68 (t, CH2O), 5.38(m, -CH=CH). Ethyl ester of Calophyllum fatty acid 1HNMR (CDC13, δ-ppm): 0.89(t, CH3), 1.28-1.37(m, -CH2), 1.65-1.7 (m, CH2CH=CH2), 2.25-2.35 (t, C H2C=O), 3.7 (t, CH2O), 4.15 & 4.30, 5.4(m, -CH=CH). 1-propyl ester of Calophyllum fatty acid 1H NMR (CDCl3, 5-ppm): 0.82-0.90(t, CH3), 1.2-1.4 & 1.601.72 (m, -CH2), 2.0-2.1 (m, CH2CH=CH2), 2.30-2.35 (t, CH2C=O), 3.68 (t, CH2O), 4.15 & 4.26, 5.35 (m, -CH=CH). Physico-chemical properties: various physic-chemical properties studied are a. Kinematic viscosity determination by ASTM D445: b. Biofuel, the most important physico chemical property is kinematic viscosity. Since it affects the operation of fuel injection equipment. Results show that there is change in viscosity from the oil into the various esters. c. Flash point: It is the lowest temperature at which a liquid forms an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid. Flash point is measured by ASTM D93 method. The results are in agreement with ASTM D93, which requires that flash point to be minimum 93oC of the synthesized esters. d. Pour point: The pour point indicates the ability of the liquid to flow at lower temperatures. The pour points were determined by ASTM D97 method using pour point apparatus manufactured by Cultures Instruments India LLP, Bangalore, India. All the samples were run in duplicates. e. Cloud point: The cloud point is indicates the ability of the liquid to start clouding at which temperature. The cloud point was determined by ASTM D2 500 using cloud point apparatus manufactured by Cultures Instruments India LLP, Bangalore, India. f. Copper strip corrosion: Determines the corrosiveness of the substance As per ASTM D 130 method. Copper strip corrosion was determined by using copper strip corrosion bath which was purchased from Cultures Instruments LLP, Bangalore, India. A polished copper strip in immersed in 30ml of sample being tested at 50 °C for 3h. After 3 h the Cu strip is removed, washed and the colour and tarnish level was assessed against the ASTM copper strip corrosion standard. g. Density: Density is determined by Pycnometer. The density of Calophyllum esters were measured by ASTM D4052 method at 250 °C. h. Moisture content: Moisture content was calculated by using ASTM D2974-87 method. i. Acid number: Acid number indicates the amount of free acid present in sample. The acid number was calculated by using ASTM D974/01 with help of standard KOH solution. Go to Results And Discussion The advantages of using non edible oils as fuel compared to diesel fuel are liquidity, ready availability, renewability, lower sulphur and aromatic content, biodegradability, higher cetane number These oils are extremely viscous converting these to biofuel decreases its viscosity. Blending of these oils and biofuel with some % of diesel fuel was a suitable method to reduce choking and for extended engine life. The present study is focused on the use of non-edible Calophyllum oil rich in free fatty acid and was widely grown in GITAM University and also along the coastal areas of India. The seeds of Calophyllum were collected dried and crushed. The oil was soxhlet extracted using hexane as a solvent. The extracted crude oil is greenish yellow and it gets darkened during the storage. The oil having disagreeable odour. The physico chemical properties of crude oil are tabulated in Table 1 and were carried out as per (ASTM) -6751. Extracted oil consisted of pure triglyceride and free fatty acids along with minor components. The crude oil was trans esterified using methanol to obtain Calophyllum fatty acid methyl esters and the methyl esters were determined for fatty acid composition using gas chromatography and the results were tabulated in Table 2, Figure 2. Click here to view Large Table 1 Click here to view Large Table 2 Click here to view Large Figure 2 Calophyllum oil was esterified with different alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, using H2SO4 or p-TSA by two step process Figure 3. The first step involving the formation of free fatty acid by base hydrolysis. The fatty acid is a semi solid and the next step involving the esterification of free fatty acid with various alcohols, the ester thus obtained was liquid having a pleasant odour and the esters of Calophyllum fatty acids were characterized by NMR and IR spectral studies. The presence of peak in IR around 1740cm-1(- C=O) and 1174(C-O-C) and the presence of peaks in NMR around 2.29-2.31(2H, t, CH2C=O), 3.93-4.01(2H, t, CH2 the formation of ester was given below in Figure 4. (A-methyl, B-ethyl, C-1-propyl, and D-1-butyl) Click here to view Large Figure 3 Click here to view Large Figure 4 Click here to view Large Table 3 The synthesized alkyl esters of Calophyllum fatty acids were evaluated for their physico chemical properties and fuel properties the results were tabulated in Table 3. The kinematics viscosity of the oil at 40 °C and 100 °C are 63.12cst and 10.67cst. While that of esters in the range of 6-22 and 2-9cst. It was found that the flash point of are in agreement with ASTM D93, The flash point of the oil is 185.2 °C. While that of esters are in range of 100-200 °C. The pour point of the oil is -9.8 °C. While that of esters in range of -30 to 0 0C. The cloud point was determined by ASTM D-2500 using cloud point apparatus manufactured by Cultures instruments LLP, Bangalore, India. The pour point of the oil is 90 °C. While that of esters in range of 0 0C to 20 0C. The color and tarnish of copper strip level was assessed against the ASTM copper strip corrosion standard and all the esters exhibited copper corrosion values of 1a. Go to Conclusion There is a tremendous demand for non-edible based oils due to depletion of mineral resources and growing concerns for eco-friendly products. Calophyllum oil, widely grown in coastal area as well as in GITAM University can be used as a feedstock for bio-fuel production. In the present study methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, esters were prepared from corresponding alcohols and are evaluated for fuel properties. The fuel properties were compared with literature and ASTM D6757 biodiesel standards. The study revealed that various esters of Calophyllum oil seem to be a satisfactory feed stock for future biodiesel production. For more Open Access Journals in Juniper Publishers please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ for more details click on the juniper publishers material science

[thehappyavenuebouquet-blog]

Chemistry - Coal and Petroleum

Introduction

The resources, which are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities, are known as Inexhaustible Natural Resources. E.g. sunlight, air.

The resources, which are present in limited quantity in nature and are likely to be exhausted by human activities, are known as Exhaustible Natural Resources. E.g. forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.

Exhaustible natural resources were formed from the dead remains of living organisms (fossils); therefore, these natural resources are also known as fossil fuels. E.g. coal, petroleum and natural gas.

Coal

Coal is hard as stone and black in color.

Coal is one of the fuels used to cook food.

Coal is used in thermal power plants to produce electricity.

Under high pressure and high temperature, the dead plants those got buried inside the Earth, got slowly converted into coal.

Coal contains mainly carbon.

The slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is known as carbonization.

Coal is formed from the remains of vegetation; therefore, it is also known as fossil fuel.

When coal burns, it produces mainly carbon dioxide gas.

When coal is processed in industry, it produces some useful products such as coke, coal tar, and coal gas.

Coke is a hard, porous, and black substance.

Coke is pure form of carbon.

Coke is largely used in the manufacturing of steel and in the extraction of many metals.

Coal tar is a black, thick liquid with unpleasant smell.

Coal tar is mixture of about 200 substances.

The products, those are obtained from coal tar, are used as starting materials for manufacturing various substances used in everyday life and in industry. E.g. explosives, paints, roofing materials, synthetic dyes, drugs, perfumes, plastics, photographic materials, etc.

Naphthalene balls, obtained from coal tar, are used to repel moths and other insects.

Bitumen, obtained from petroleum product, is used in place of coal-tar for metalling the roads.

During the processing of coal to get coke, coal gas is obtained.

In 1810, for the first time in London, UK, coal gas was used for street lighting and in 1820, in New York, USA.

At present, coal gas is used as a source of heat.

Petroleum

Petrol and diesel are obtained from a natural resource known as petroleum.

Petroleum was formed from the organisms living in the sea.

Over millions of years (the dead organisms buried inside the earth), in the presence high temperature, high pressure, and in the absence of air, the dead organisms transformed into petroleum and natural gas.

In 1859, the world’s first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania, USA.

In 1867, oil was stuck at Makum in Assam, India.

In India, petroleum is largely found in Assam, Gujarat, Mumbai High, Maharashtra, and in the river basins of Godavari and Krishna.

The following image illustrates the layer of gas and oil −

Petroleum is a mixture of various constituents such as petrol, petroleum gas, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc.

The process of separating the various constituents of petroleum is known as refining.

The different useful substances, which are obtained from the petroleum and natural gas, are known as ‘Petrochemicals.’

Petrochemicals are used in the manufacturing of detergents, fibers (polyester, nylon, acrylic etc.), polythene and other man-made plastics.

Hydrogen gas, which is obtained from natural gas, is used in the production of fertilizers (urea).

Because of having the great commercial importance, petroleum is also known as ‘black gold.’

Natural gas is normally stored under high pressure and hence known as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).

CNG is used for power generation and fuel for vehicles.

The following table illustrates various constituents of petroleum and their uses −

Constituents of petroleumUses

Petroleum Gas in Liquid form (LPG)Fuel for home and industry

PetrolMotor fuel, aviation fuel, solvent for dry cleaning

DieselFuel for heavy motor vehicles, electric generators

KeroseneFuel for stoves, lamps and for jet aircrafts

Lubricating oilLubrication

Paraffin waxOintments, candles, Vaseline, etc.

BitumenPaints, road surfacing