#snmp

[senki]

You missed it! Threat Actors simple paths into your network.

On December 3rd, 2024, six cybersecurity organizations published Enhanced Visibility and Hardening Guidance for Communications Infrastructure, detailing simple paths threat actors use to penetrate networks. Most people I talk to say, “This is nothing new.” “We’ve heard it all before.” “These are all Best Common Practices (BCPs); everyone should have deployed them already!” Do not ignore these…

[bliiot-jerry]

BLIIoT | New Multi-Protocol PLC Gateway BL104 Converts PLC to Cloud/Server for Remote Monitoring

Introduction

With the rapid development of Industry 4.0, it is deeply recognised that real-time, reliable and secure data transmission is crucial in industrial production and life. In this context, high-performance industrial automation PLC data transmission solutions - protocol conversion gateway came into being, widely used in industrial automation systems, PLC remote monitoring and IoT application environment.

BLIIoT always insists on the core of the user's needs, and constantly expands its applications in a variety of industrial fields. Recently, we have developed a new series of BLIIoT industrial PLC protocol gateways, which not only have excellent stability and anti-interference ability, but also explore the application of industry segments, aiming to bring users a new experience of industrial automation data acquisition and conversion.

Product Description

PLC Gateway BL104 is a specially developed for PLC connect MQTT and OPC UA system and remote PLC program uploading and downloading debugging.

The downlink protocol supports PLC protocols such as Mitsubishi, Siemens, Omron, Delta, Schneider, etc. and Modbus protocol.

The uplink protocol supports Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP, MQTT and OPC UA, access to Cloud, Server, SCADA, MES, ERP and other systems.

PLC Gateway BL104 hardware interfaces include 2 or 6 RS485/RS232 serial ports, 2 network ports and 1 WiFi wireless transmission interface, which realises seamless communication between PLC and OPC UA system.

The PLC gateway BL104 has an industrial-grade design to ensure reliability in harsh environments. BL104 is suitable for industrial automation systems, PLC remote monitoring and IoT applications.The PLC gateway BL104 connects to the future of the industry and provides users with a trusted, low-cost, stable and reliable PLC to Modbus, MQTT and OPC UA solution.

By using its own patented rail-clip technology, the installation process is simplified and the utility of the gateway is ensured.

Product features

Supported protocols: Downlink protocol: Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP, Mitsubishi, Siemens, Omron, Delta, Schneider and other mainstream PLC protocols.Uplink protocol: Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP, MQTT, SNMP and OPC UA.

Hardware interface: 6*RS485/RS232 serial ports: The serial ports are independent of each other. Each serial port parameter can be set to collect different protocols. The serial port can also set the master-slave relationship independently. It can be configured as either a master station or a slave station.2*network ports: used for data collection and forwarding. The LAN port has a routing function and provides a channel for other devices to connect to the external network.1*4G or WiFi wireless transmission interface: Provides diverse communication options to adapt to different industrial environment need

Data security：Support data TSL/SSL, X.509 certificate, SNMPV1/V2, key encryption and other security gateway functions.

Remote Configuration Support: Support remote PLC programming and program uploading and downloading, saving travelling costs and improving service response speed. Support remote configuration, providing users with convenient management and monitoring methods, no longer need to visit engineers, saving maintenance costs.

Product Size: L x W x H: 30 x 83 x 110mm

Safety and Stability:

Industrial-grade design: Durable shell material meets industrial environment requirements.

Stability: Efficient communication protocol conversion ensures stable operation of the system.

Environmental adaptation:

Operating temperature range: -40～80℃, adapting to various industrial environments. Protection grade: IP30, ensuring the reliability of the equipment in harsh environments.

Model List

Application scenarios

Meet the needs of PLC protocol to Modbus MQTT OPC UA in industrial automation and industrial IoT scenarios.

More information about BLIIoT New PLC to Modbus MQTT OPC UA Gateway BL104: https://www.bliiot.com/industrial-iot-gateway-p00415p1.html

[chriswu08]

Data Center Remote Monitoring with BLIIoT SNMP I/O Module

Data centers are at the heart of operation for any enterprise that utilises an IT infrastructure.

Real time remote data center monitoring becomes paramount when enterprises want to be the first to know about potential issues before they become bigger problems.

Factors that Influence the Monitoring of Environments

Power availability and consumption, such as generators running status and output voltage, current, frequency, water temperature, oil level, oil pressure and other parameters.

Data center environment, such as air conditioner running status, water leak, temperature and humidity, fire, etc.

What can BLIIoT SNMP I/O Module offer for data center monitoring?

Comes with digital inputs and outputs, analog inputs and outputs, RS-485 serial port, Ethernet port, the I/O module can be connected to a variety of sensors, detectors to collect data and control devices.

Support Modbus, MQTT protocols to communicate with control panel, monitoring systems, servers and cloud platforms for remote measurement and monitoring equipment status and linkage control equipment.

Support SNMP V1/V2 protocol, so users can monitoring and managing I/O modules on the network management systems.

Set power and environmental thresholds on collected data and receive alerts.

More information view:https://www.bliiot.com/ethernet-io-modules-p00258p1.html

[dozmaz]

Configuración y Monitoreo de Cámara IP Hikvision con Zabbix mediante SNMPv3

La configuración y monitoreo de una cámara IP Hikvision con Zabbix mediante SNMPv3 es importante porque permite a un administrador de red supervisar y monitorear el rendimiento y el estado de la cámara IP de manera remota. Con Zabbix, es posible configurar alertas y notificaciones para que se envíen cuando se produzca un evento determinado, como una caída de la red o un problema de rendimiento.…

[deltastech]

ESXI SNMP Servisi Başlatılamadı. The Service Snmpd Failed to Start

ESXI SNMP Servisi Başlatılamadı.. The Service Snmpd Failed to Start Hatası ve Çözümü makalede..

Çeşitli izleme araçlarının yönetimini sağlamak ve ön izlemede bulunmak için esxi snmp servisini çalıştırmamız gerekebilir. Bunu sağlarken host ekranı üzerinden snmp servisini başlatmak istersek hata verdiğini göreceksiniz. Bu makalede esxi snmp servis başlatılamadı konusunu işleyeceğiz. SSH Aktif Edilir İşlem sağlayabilmemiz için ilk öncelikle host üzerinden ssh aktif edilmelidir. Bu ayarı…

[mip248]

Aruba CX Switch Setup Commands

In Jan 23, I purchased 12x Aruba 6200F to replace ageing HPE ProCurve switches, which had the following challenges (to name a few):

Only supported 100mbps (yes, even on the uplink side)

Had ports that were starting to fail

Did not have a recent feature-set, meaning some newer options etc. were unavailable

Were that old that configuring them: - With SSH required negotiation attempts using a specific, older and insecure cipher - Through the WebGUI required IE (for either Flash or ActiveX reasons)

Were no longer supported by any warranties etc.

While I cannot post the As-Built, I can post the commands that I used to set up these devices. These Aruba CX switches use a vastly different (and after using it, improved) CLI compared to the ProCurve CLI. I do still lament the loss of the "menu" command.

Disable VSF (if not using stacked switches):

If any changes have been made, take a backup of the config. This process will wipe the config (and I learned the hard way!)

Enter configure mode

Remove “members” (there should be none): no vsf member 2-8

Remove the conductor: no vsf member 1

You’ll be prompted whether you’re sure about making this change. 

“Unconfiguring the primary switch of the stack without a standby will make the stack unusable.  Do you want to continue (y/n)?”

Type “Y”

The switch will reboot with no config.

Set the clock:

Enter configure mode

Set the time zone: clock timezone australia/sydney

Set the NTP server: ntp server pool.ntp.org iburst version 4

Enable ntp: ntp enable

Set the MOTD Banner:

Enter configure mode

Type the command with the escape character: banner motd ^

Type your banner as needed. Ensure the escape character is at the end of the banner prompt.

SNMP Config:

Enter configure mode

Enable SNMP traffic to pass: snmp-server vrf default

Set contact: snmp-server system-contact user@place.com (Replace user@place.com with the contact details of the administrator)

Set community: snmp-server community xx (Where xx is the SNMP Community. Do not use public!)

Set location: snmp-server system-location xyz

Use template: BD-X-Y01 [-33.85695,151.2152]

Note: The template is this way due to being used with LibreNMS.

VLANs:

To create a VLAN:

Enter configure mode

Create the vlan (this example creates vlan 20): vlan 20

Name the vlan (this example names the vlan “test”): name test

To configure a port or ports with multiple VLANs:

Enter configure mode

Choose the interface/s: interface 1/1/1 OR interfaces 1/1/1-1/1/24 (this will configure ports 1-24)

Set the untagged vlan: vlan trunk native 194

Set the vlans that are allowed to run on the port: vlan trunk allow 60,194

To configure a port with a single vlan:

Enter configure mode

Choose the interface interface 1/1/48

Set the vlan vlan access 1

To configure a LAG:

Enter configure mode

Create the LAG: interface lag xx (Where xx is the LAG ID)

Set the LAG to enable LACP: lacp mode active 

Assign a native VLAN: vlan trunk native x (Where x is the native VLAN)

Assign allowed vlans: vlan trunk allow x,y,z, (Where X,Y,Z represent the VLANS that you wish to have access over the LAG)

Configure

Select the interfaces you wish to add to the LAG: interface 1/1/47-1/1/48

Add the interfaces to the LAG: lag x (Where x is the LAG ID used in step 2)

Configure the in-band management IP:

Enter configure mode

Select the vlan you wish to set the management IP on: interface vlan 999

Set the vlan not to use DHCP: no ip dhcp

Set the IP Address: ip address xx.xx.xx.xx/yy

Set the vlan to come up: no shutdown

Set the default gateway:

Enter configure mode

Set the Default Gateway: ip route 0.0.0.0/0 x.x.x.x (replace x.x.x.x with your default gateway)

 

DHCP Snooping:

Enabling this means that DHCP traffic coming into a "snooped" port will be blocked, except for traffic entering into “snooped & trusted” ports.

Enter configure mode

Enable DHCPv4 Snoop: dhcpv4-snooping

Select interfaces where you wish DHCPv4 traffic to pass: interface 1/1/48,1/1/52

Trust these interfaces: dhcpv4-snooping trust

Enable DHCPv6 snoop: dhcpv6-snooping

Loop prevention:

Enter configure mode

Select the interfaces: Interface 1/1/1-1/1/48

Enable loop protect: loop-protect

Set the action of Loop protect: loop-protect action tx-disable

Set how long in seconds after disabling the port that it should come back up: loop-protect re-enable-timer 60

Fault Monitor:

Enter configure mode

Create a Fault Monitor profile named all: Fault-monitor profile all

Monitor all faults available from the Fault Monitor: All

Choose the interfaces you wish to monitor faults on: Interface 1/1/1-1/1/48

Apply the fault monitor profile: apply fault-monitor profile all

Disable L3 Switching (IF REQUIRED):

Enter configure mode

Select the interfaces that don’t require L3 switching: interface 1/1/x

Disable L3 Switching: no routing

Enable L3 Switching (IF REQUIRED):

Enter configure mode

Select the interfaces that require L3 switching: interface 1/1/x

Enable L3 Switching: routing

Set hostname:

Enter configure mode

Set the hostname: hostname X (Where X indicates the new hostname)

To set the admin password:

Enter configure mode

Enter the command (without quotes): “user admin password plaintext X” Where X indicates the new password you would like to use

Save changes:

Write mem

Remove a set static IP:

Enter configure mode

Pick the VLAN with the IP you wish to remove: interface vlan 1

Remove the static IP: No ip address x.x.x.x/yy

Tell the VLAN to get the IP address from DHCP: ip dhcp

To check NTP status:

Check: show ntp status

[archronova]

Security in Project (3/9+)

3\\ HARDEING GUIDE

Ganti password default

Hapus akun yang ngga kepake

Ganti default certificates / encryption keys

Hapus vulnerable settings (contohnya SSLv2/v3,snmp v1/v2, telnet etc.)

Gunakan secara specific product security settings

Hapus unused settings alias setting-setting yang ngga kepake

Sesuaikan subcomponents hardeningnya coba Security benchmark

Tambahkan Logs & sesuaikan NTP configuration

Perhatikan pula Connection ke external user directory (AD, ldap). Kalau disini, pakai AD jadi komputer yang diluar Domain harus dapt ijin khusus.

Terakhir, perhatikan Administration flows encryption. Bagian ini susah susah gampang. Misal nih, pake encrytion external. Harus nyesuaikan ama server juga. Apalagi kalau literaturnya dikit.

[latechlatam]

Forza presentó su tarjeta inteligente SNMP para la gestión y monitoreo remoto de UPS

Forza Power Technologies, empresa fabricante de soluciones de energía confiable, informó la llegada al país de su tarjeta SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) modelo FDC-CD610 para el control y administración remota de unidades UPS (Sistemas de Alimentación Ininterrumpida).

“En el desafiante mundo de la administración de sistemas de energía, donde la seguridad, la eficiencia y la conectividad son clave, la tarjeta SNMP FDC-CD610 de Forza se destaca como la herramienta ideal para garantizar un control absoluto sobre las UPS”, afirmó Marianela Suco, Territory Manager para Cono Sur de Forza Power Technologies. Y detalló: “Esta tarjeta inteligente SNMP no solo permite monitorear y gestionar varias unidades UPS de forma remota, sino que lo hace con una robustez y confiabilidad sin precedentes. Diseñada para integrarse sin esfuerzo a redes LAN e Internet, cuenta con una página web embebida que facilita el acceso desde cualquier navegador sin necesidad de instalar software adicional”.

"En un entorno donde la ciberseguridad se ha convertido en un factor primordial, la FDC-CD610 de Forza ofrece soporte para protocolos como HTTPS, SSL y SSH, lo que asegura una comunicación cifrada que protege los datos de accesos no autorizados. Además, su compatibilidad con IPv4/IPv6 garantiza una adaptación a las redes modernas y futuras"? Aseguró la ejecutiva de Forza

Funciones que marcan la diferencia Marianela Suco explicó los beneficios que brinda la utilización de la tarjeta inteligente SNMP FDC-CD610 en la gestión remoto de UPS:

1. Asistente de apagado automático: diseñada para prevenir la pérdida de datos en caso de fallas eléctricas, permite la desconexión segura de sistemas y mantiene registros detallados de configuraciones y horarios predeterminados.

2. Monitoreo ambiental: al integrarse con dispositivos EMD (Enviromental Monitoring Device), puede detectar y registrar datos sobre temperatura y humedad, convirtiéndose en una herramienta valiosa para mantener un entorno óptimo para los equipos.

3. Compatibilidad con protocolos abiertos: su soporte para TCP/IP, SNMP, SMTP, SNTP, HTTP y más asegura una interoperabilidad sin problemas con diversas plataformas y sistemas.

4. Capacidad de almacenamiento y exportación: con espacio para más de 200.000 registros, permite mantener un historial detallado de eventos y fallas, lo que facilita el análisis y la toma de decisiones informadas.

5. Eficiencia sin costos adicionales: la FDC-CD610 no requiere gastos adicionales en software, ya que incluye el potente ViewPower Pro, una solución integral que simplifica la gestión y supervisión de UPS en redes amplias. Además, su diseño plug-and-play minimiza los tiempos de instalación y configuración.

“Nuestra tarjeta inteligente SNMP fue diseñada con la confiabilidad en mente, dado que puede funcionar incluso en condiciones críticas, con un reloj interno que opera hasta siete días sin electricidad. Además, la detección e intercambio automático de velocidades Ethernet asegura un rendimiento óptimo sin importar la infraestructura de red”, afirmó Marianela Suco, quien concluyó: “Gracias a su adaptabilidad, la FDC-CD610 es ideal para negocios que buscan un control remoto efectivo, desde pequeñas oficinas hasta grandes corporativos. En todos los casos, resulta una inversión en tranquilidad, eficiencia y seguridad que convierte la gestión energética en una ventaja competitiva”.

Aspectos técnicos destacados de la tarjeta SNMP Forza FDC-CD610 Conectividad: Ethernet 10/100 Mbps Protocolos soportados: TCP/IP, UDP, SNMP, SMTP, DHCP Almacenamiento: registro de eventos con timestamp Autonomía: reloj en tiempo real funcional por 7 días sin electricidad Software integrado: ViewPower Pro

Precio, disponibilidad y distribución de la tarjeta Forza FDC-CD610 en Chile La tarjeta SNMP de Forza tiene un precio sugerido de venta de CL $139.000 pesos La distribución está a cargo de Intcomex Chile

Acerca de Forza Power Technologies Forza Power Technologies, parte del grupo Accvent con base de operaciones en USA, es un proveedor líder en sistemas de protección, acondicionamiento de energía y de soluciones aplicadas a la administración de respaldos. Su amplia línea de productos incluye, entre otros, protectores de voltaje, reguladores de tensión, protectores de sobretensión y sistemas de alimentación continua, conocidos como UPS. Actualmente, Forza Power Technologies cuenta con una sólida presencia en más de 45 países a través de una red de distribuidores y representantes minoristas en América Latina y el Caribe. Para más información: https://www.forzaups.com/ / Facebook: http://bit.ly/ForzaFBAR / Instagram: @forzaups_oficial

[tumnikkeimatome]

snmpwalkコマンドリファレンス&インストール方法・初期設定方法手順

SNMPネットワーク管理の基本ツール snmpwalkは、ネットワーク機器の管理・監視に不可欠なSNMP（Simple Network Management Protocol）コマンドです。 指定したOID（Object Identifier）以下のすべての情報を一括で取得できる強力な機能を持っています。 通常のsnmpgetコマンドでは1つずつ情報を取得する必要がありますが、snmpwalkを使用すると階層構造全体を一度に取得できます。 snmpwalkコマンドの全オプション一覧 以下は、snmpwalkコマンドの主要なオプションを一覧表にまとめたものです。 オプション 説明 値 -h, --help ヘルプメッセージを表示します。 なし -v 使用するSNMPのバージョンを指定します。 1, 2c,…

[howzitsa]

Hikvision 8-ch 1U 4K NVR Video And Audio IP Video Input: 8-ch HDMI Output: 4K (3840 × 2160)/30Hz, 2K (2560 × 1440)/60Hz, 1920 × 1080/60Hz, 1600 × 1200/60Hz, 1280 × 1024/60Hz, 1280 × 720/60Hz, 1024 × 768/60Hz Outgoing Bandwidth: 160 Mbps VGA Output: 1920 × 1080/60Hz, 1280 × 1024/60Hz, 1280 × 720/60Hz, 1024 × 768/60Hz Incoming Bandwidth: 80 Mbps Audio Output: 1-ch, RCA (Linear, 1 KΩ) Two-Way Audio: 1-ch, RCA (2.0 Vp-p, 1kΩ) Decoding Decoding Format: H.265/H.265+/H.264/H.264+/MPEG4 Decoding Capability: 2-ch @ 8 MP (25fps) / 4-ch @ 4MP (30fps) / 8-ch @ 1080p (30fps) Synchronous Playback: 8-ch Recording Resolution: 8MP/6MP/5MP/4MP/3MP/1080p/UXGA/720p/VGA/4CIF/DCIF/2CIF/CIF/QCIF Network Network Interface: 1, RJ-45 10/100/1000 Mbps self-adaptive Ethernet interface Network Protocol: TCP/IP, DHCP, IPv4, Hik-Connect, DNS, DDNS, NTP, RTSP, SADP,SMTP, SNMP, NFS, iSCSI, ISUP, UPnP™, HTTP, HTTPS Auxiliary Interface SATA: 2 SATA interfaces Capacity: Up to 6 TB capacity for each HDD USB Interface: Front panel: 1 × USB 2.0; Rear panel: 1 × USB 3.0 Alarm In/Out: 4/1 General Power Supply: 12 VDC Consumption: ≤15 W Working Temperature: -10 °C to 55 °C (14 °F to 131 °F) Working Humidity: 10 to 90 % Dimension (W × D × H): 385 × 315× 52 mm (15.2" × 12.4" × 2.0") ≤ 1 kg (2.2 lb)

[bliiot-jerry]

BLIIoT | New PLC Gateway BL103 Developed for PLC to OPC UA Server and Remote PLC Programme Uploading and Downloading Debugging

Introduction

With the rapid development of Industry 4.0, it is deeply recognised that real-time, reliable and secure data transmission is crucial in industrial production and life. In this context, high-performance industrial automation PLC data transmission solutions - protocol conversion gateway came into being, widely used in industrial automation systems, PLC remote monitoring and IoT application environment.

BLIIoT always insists on the core of the user's needs, and constantly expands its applications in a variety of industrial fields. Recently, we have developed a new series of BLIIoT industrial protocol gateways, which not only have excellent stability and anti-interference ability, but also explore the application of industry segments, aiming to bring users a new experience of industrial automation data acquisition and conversion.

Product Description

PLC to OPC UA Gateway BL103 is a specially developed for PLC connect OPC UA system and remote PLC program uploading and downloading debugging.

The downlink protocol supports PLC protocols such as Mitsubishi, Siemens, Omron, Delta, Schneider, etc. and Modbus protocol.

The uplink protocol supports OPC UA, access to SCADA, MES, ERP and other systems.

PLC to OPC UA Gateway BL103 hardware interfaces include 2 or 6 RS485/RS232 serial ports, 2 network ports and 1 WiFi wireless transmission interface, which realises seamless communication between PLC and OPC UA system.

The PLC to OPC UA gateway BL103 has an industrial-grade design to ensure reliability in harsh environments. BL103 is suitable for industrial automation systems, PLC remote monitoring and IoT applications.The PLC to OPC UA gateway BL103 connects to the future of the industry and provides users with a trusted, low-cost, stable and reliable PLC to OPC UA solution.

By using its own patented rail-clip technology, the installation process is simplified and the utility of the gateway is ensured.

Product features

Supported protocols: Downlink protocol: Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP, Mitsubishi, Siemens, Omron, Delta, Schneider and other mainstream PLC protocols.Uplink protocol: OPC UA.

Hardware interface: 6*RS485/RS232 serial ports: The serial ports are independent of each other. Each serial port parameter can be set to collect different protocols. The serial port can also set the master-slave relationship independently. It can be configured as either a master station or a slave station.2*Ethernet ports: used for data collection and forwarding. The LAN port has a routing function and provides a channel for other devices to connect to the external network.1* WiFi wireless transmission interface: Provides diverse communication options to adapt to different industrial environment needs.

Data security：Support data TSL/SSL, X.509 certificate, SNMPV1/V2, key encryption and other security gateway functions.

Remote Configuration Support: Support remote PLC programming and program uploading and downloading, saving travelling costs and improving service response speed.Support remote configuration, providing users with convenient management and monitoring methods, no longer need to visit engineers, saving maintenance costs.

Product Size: L x W x H: 30 x 83 x 110mm

Safety and Stability:

Industrial-grade design: Durable shell material meets industrial environment requirements.

Stability: Efficient communication protocol conversion ensures stable operation of the system.

Environmental adaptation:

Operating temperature range: -40～80℃, adapting to various industrial environments. Protection grade: IP30, ensuring the reliability of the equipment in harsh environments.

Model List

Application scenarios

Meet the needs of PLC protocol to OPC UA in industrial automation and industrial IoT scenarios.

More information about BLIIoT New PLC to OPC UA Gateway BL103: https://www.bliiot.com/plc-to-opc-p00414p1.html

[aitoolswhitehattoolbox]

Software Principal Engineer(C, Linux, PLDM, SNMP, Firmware)

experience with peripheral hardware devices like PCIe Switch, NIC, GPU, FPGA, Memory controller etc. is a plus. Very good server… Apply Now

[quietman2548]

هاب سوئیچ شبکه

هاب سوئیچ شبکه (Network Hub/Switch) یک قطعه سخت‌افزاری در شبکه‌های کامپیوتری است که دستگاه‌های مختلف را به یکدیگر متصل می‌کند و امکان تبادل داده بین آن‌ها را فراهم می‌سازد. در واقع، سوئیچ‌ها و هاب‌ها نقش مرکزی در شبکه‌های محلی (LAN) ایفا می‌کنند. اما تفاوت‌های اساسی بین این دو وجود دارد که در ادامه به آن‌ها می‌پردازیم:

قبل از خرید سوئیچ شبکه به این نکات توجه فرمایید.

هاب (Hub):

عملکرد: هاب به صورت ساده داده‌ای که از یک پورت دریافت می‌کند را به تمام پورت‌های دیگر ارسال می‌کند (Broadcast). به همین دلیل، پهنای باند شبکه بین تمام دستگاه‌های متصل به هاب به اشتراک گذاشته می‌شود و در صورت افزایش تعداد دستگاه‌ها، سرعت شبکه کاهش می‌یابد.

امنیت: هاب امنیت پایینی دارد زیرا تمام داده‌ها برای همه دستگاه‌ها ارسال می‌شوند و امکان شنود اطلاعات توسط دستگاه‌های دیگر وجود دارد.

مثال: فرض کنید چند نفر در یک اتاق صحبت می‌کنند و هر حرفی که یکی می‌زند، همه می‌شنوند. هاب هم دقیقا همین کار را با داده‌ها انجام می‌دهد.

کاربرد: امروزه به دلیل معایب ذکر شده، هاب‌ها تقریبا منسوخ شده‌اند و جای خود را به سوئیچ‌ها داده‌اند.

سوئیچ (Switch):

عملکرد: سوئیچ بر خلاف هاب، داده را فقط به دستگاه مقصد ارسال می‌کند (Unicast). سوئیچ با استفاده از جدول آدرس MAC (Media Access Control) که آدرس سخت‌افزاری هر دستگاه است، مقصد داده را شناسایی می‌کند و فقط به همان دستگاه ارسال می‌کند. این امر باعث افزایش سرعت و کارایی شبکه می‌شود.

امنیت: سوئیچ امنیت بالاتری نسبت به هاب دارد زیرا داده‌ها فقط به دستگاه مقصد ارسال می‌شوند و امکان شنود اطلاعات توسط سایر دستگاه‌ها کاهش می‌یابد.

مثال: فرض کنید یک نامه دارید و آن را مستقیما به آدرس گیرنده ارسال می‌کنید. سوئیچ هم دقیقا همین کار را با داده‌ها انجام می‌دهد.

کاربرد: سوئیچ‌ها در اکثر شبکه‌های امروزی، از شبکه‌های خانگی کوچک گرفته تا شبکه‌های بزرگ سازمانی، استفاده می‌شوند.

انواع سوئیچ:

سوئیچ غیر مدیریتی (Unmanaged Switch): این نوع سوئیچ تنظیمات خاصی ندارد و به صورت Plug and Play کار می‌کند. برای شبکه‌های کوچک خانگی و دفاتر کوچک مناسب است.

سوئیچ مدیریتی (Managed Switch): این نوع سوئیچ امکانات پیشرفته‌تری مانند VLAN، QoS، و SNMP را ارائه می‌دهد و امکان مدیریت و پیکربندی شبکه را فراهم می‌کند. برای شبکه‌های بزرگ و پیچیده مناسب است.

سوئیچ PoE (Power over Ethernet): این نوع سوئیچ علا��ه بر انتقال داده، برق مورد نیاز دستگاه‌های دیگر مانند تلفن‌های IP، دوربین‌های مداربسته و اکسس پوینت‌ها را نیز از طریق کابل شبکه تامین می‌کند.

هنگام خرید هاب سوئیچ به نکات زیر توجه کنید:

تعداد پورت‌ها: با توجه به تعداد دستگاه‌هایی که می‌خواهید به شبکه متصل کنید، تعداد پورت مناسب را انتخاب کنید.

سرعت انتقال داده: سرعت‌های رایج ۱۰/۱۰۰ مگابیت بر ثانیه، گیگابیت (۱۰۰۰ مگابیت بر ثانیه) و ۱۰ گیگابیت بر ثانیه هستند. با توجه به نیاز خود سرعت مناسب را انتخاب کنید.

قابلیت‌های مدیریتی: اگر به امکانات پیشرفته مدیریتی نیاز دارید، سوئیچ مدیریتی انتخاب کنید.

برند و قیمت: برندهای مختلفی در بازار وجود دارند که هر کدام قیمت و کیفیت متفاوتی دارند. با توجه به بودجه خود بهترین گزینه را انتخاب کنید.

[packetcoders]

Top Network Automation Tools You Need to Know in 2025

In today’s rapidly evolving IT landscape, network automation is more crucial than ever. With the complexity of modern networks continuing to grow, organizations are turning to automation tools to improve efficiency, reduce human error, and streamline operations. If you’re looking to stay ahead of the curve in 2025, knowing the top network automation tools is a must. From programming languages like Python to specialized tools like PyATS and Nornir, the right toolkit can significantly enhance your ability to manage and test networks. Let’s explore the most essential network automation tools you should know in 2025.

Network Automation with Go

Go, also known as Golang, is a statically typed, compiled programming language created by Google. While Go has traditionally been used for building scalable systems, it has also gained traction in the network automation space. One of Go’s main advantages is its simplicity and speed, making it an ideal choice for high-performance network automation tasks.

In 2025, Go is expected to be widely adopted for automating network tasks such as configuration management, device monitoring, and log processing. Due to its concurrency features, Go enables network engineers to write fast and efficient scripts for handling multiple devices at once, making it especially useful in large-scale environments.

Why Go?

Fast execution and performance.

Great for concurrent tasks, ideal for managing multiple devices.

Growing community and support in networking.

If you're already comfortable with languages like Python or Bash, learning Go could give you an edge in network automation. With a growing ecosystem of libraries such as gopacket (for network packet processing), Go is increasingly becoming a tool of choice for network automation developers.

Network Automation with Nornir

Nornir is a robust Python-based automation framework specifically designed for network engineers. Unlike other automation tools, Nornir emphasizes concurrency and flexibility, making it well-suited for large-scale network automation tasks. It allows users to manage network devices using YAML-based inventory files and supports plugins for various tasks like network configuration, device interaction, and inventory management.

One of Nornir's strengths is its ability to work seamlessly with other Python libraries, such as netmiko and napalm, to enhance network automation capabilities. With its unique parallelism model, Nornir can automate repetitive network tasks across hundreds or thousands of devices simultaneously.

Why Nornir?

Built with network engineers in mind.

Flexible and extensible, with numerous community plugins.

High-performance concurrent tasks.

For network engineers looking to automate tasks like device configuration, firmware upgrades, and backup management, Nornir is one of the best tools available in 2025. With a strong Python foundation, it’s also a great option if you already use Python for other networking tasks.

Network Automation with Python

Python has long been the go-to language for network automation, and in 2025, it remains a dominant force in the field. Python’s simplicity, readability, and vast ecosystem of libraries make it an ideal language for automating network tasks such as configuration management, device interaction, and monitoring.

Some of the most widely used Python libraries for network automation include:

Netmiko: A Python library that simplifies SSH connections to network devices. It’s commonly used for automating configuration changes on Cisco, Juniper, and other devices.

Napalm: A Python-based automation tool designed to abstract vendor-specific configurations, allowing for uniform automation tasks across different network devices.

PySNMP: Useful for SNMP-based network monitoring and management.

Python’s rich ecosystem and broad community support mean that whether you’re working with firewalls, routers, or switches, there’s a Python library for almost every task in network automation.

Why Python?

Simple, readable code that’s easy to maintain.

Large library ecosystem tailored for network automation.

Extensive community support and resources.

In 2025, Python will continue to be the backbone of network automation, with use cases ranging from device configuration and monitoring to advanced analytics and troubleshooting.

Network Testing with PyATS

PyATS (Python Automation Test System) is a network testing framework developed by Cisco that is designed for automating the validation and verification of network devices. It’s particularly popular for network testing in large-scale, multi-vendor environments and helps network engineers and DevOps teams automate their test scripts to ensure network reliability.

With PyATS, you can easily create test scripts that validate the network performance and configuration of devices, enabling you to catch issues before they affect production environments. It supports both real-time and offline testing, making it a flexible choice for any network.

Why PyATS?

Comprehensive test scripting for network device validation.

Works well in multi-vendor environments.

Excellent for network performance validation and verification.

For network engineers who need to validate configurations, troubleshoot issues, or ensure that new code doesn’t break existing setups, PyATS will be an essential tool in 2025.

Network Testing with Pytest

While PyATS is tailored for network automation, Pytest is a more general-purpose testing framework that can also be used for network testing. Pytest is a powerful, open-source testing framework that can be used to write simple unit tests or complex functional tests, and it works exceptionally well with Python-based network automation tools.

For example, when used alongside libraries like Netmiko or Napalm, Pytest can help you automate the process of validating network device configurations, running performance tests, and checking for common errors in your network’s state.

Why Pytest?

Versatile testing framework compatible with network libraries.

Easy to integrate with other Python-based tools.

Well-suited for both unit and integration testing.

As more network professionals start adopting continuous integration (CI) and continuous delivery (CD) methodologies, Pytest will play an important role in ensuring that network devices and automation scripts are working as intended.

Network Validation with Batfish

Network validation tools are crucial to ensuring that network configurations are error-free and that the network is performing optimally. Batfish is an open-source network validation tool that allows network engineers to simulate and verify network configurations without making changes to live networks. It provides an extensive set of validation checks and can analyze complex network setups by modeling the network behavior before deployment.

Batfish supports a wide variety of networking protocols and is compatible with multiple device vendors, making it an ideal tool for large, diverse network environments. Whether you’re verifying routing configurations, checking network policies, or simulating traffic flow, Batfish offers a comprehensive solution.

Why Batfish?

Powerful simulation and validation for large-scale networks.

Vendor-agnostic and supports multi-vendor environments.

Helps reduce configuration errors before deployment.

In 2025, Batfish will remain a go-to tool for network engineers looking to ensure that their network configurations are both secure and reliable before deployment.

Conclusion

Network automation in 2025 is all about efficiency, reliability, and speed. The right tools can help network engineers simplify complex tasks, reduce errors, and improve network performance. Whether you're using Python, Go, Nornir, or tools like PyATS and Batfish, each offers unique features to automate, test, and validate network operations. By incorporating these tools into your workflow, you’ll be better equipped to handle the demands of modern network environments and stay ahead in the field of network automation.

For More Info:-

JSON validation tool

learn Python networking

Network automation membership

[internetsites]

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