#shivaji's coronation

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.24 (before 1950)

787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia. 1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near Veracruz. 1645 – The Battle of Rowton Heath in England is a Parliamentarian victory over a Royalist army commanded in person by King Charles. 1674 – Second Tantrik Coronation of Shivaji. 1789 – The United States Congress passes the Judiciary Act, creating the office of the Attorney General and federal judiciary system and ordering the composition of the Supreme Court. 1830 – A revolutionary committee of notables forms the Provisional Government of Belgium. 1841 – The Sultanate of Brunei cedes Sarawak to James Brooke. 1846 – Mexican–American War: General Zachary Taylor captures Monterrey. 1852 – The first powered, passenger-carrying airship, the Giffard dirigible, travels 17 miles (27 km) from Paris to Trappes. 1853 – Admiral Despointes formally takes possession of New Caledonia in the name of France. 1869 – Black Friday (1869): Gold prices plummet after United States President Ulysses Grant orders the Treasury to sell large quantities of gold after Jay Gould and James Fisk plot to control the market. 1875 – The 1864 play Heath Cobblers by Aleksis Kivi is premiered for the first time in Oulu, Finland. 1877 – The Battle of Shiroyama is a decisive victory of the Imperial Japanese Army over the Satsuma Rebellion. 1890 – The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints officially renounces polygamy. 1906 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt proclaims Devils Tower in Wyoming as the nation's first National Monument. 1906 – Racial tensions exacerbated by rumors lead to the Atlanta Race Riot, further increasing racial segregation. 1911 – His Majesty's Airship No. 1, Britain's first rigid airship, is wrecked by strong winds before her maiden flight at Barrow-in-Furness. 1929 – Jimmy Doolittle performs the first flight without a window, proving that full instrument flying from take off to landing is possible. 1932 – Gandhi and Dr. Ambedkar agree to the Poona Pact, which reserved seats in the Indian provincial legislatures for the "Depressed Classes" (Untouchables). 1935 – Earl and Weldon Bascom produce the first rodeo ever held outdoors under electric lights. 1946 – Cathay Pacific Airways is founded in Hong Kong. 1946 – The top-secret Clifford-Elsey Report on the Soviet Union is delivered to President Truman. 1948 – The Honda Motor Company is founded.

[adbanaoapp-india]

Celebrate June with AdBanao App

Celebrate The June With AdBanao App. From Telangana Posters To Yoga Day Posts. Check Out Our Blog Now.

Celebrate June with AdBanao: A Month of Festivities and Joy!

June is not just about the onset of the monsoon in India but also a month brimming with cultural festivities, historical events, and days that bring us closer to our loved ones. And what better way to celebrate these events than with vibrant posters, engaging videos, and festive WhatsApp stickers from the AdBanao app?

Let’s dive into the heart of June’s celebrations!

Telangana Formation Day — 02nd June

Telangana Formation Day marks the birth of India’s youngest state, Telangana, which was officially formed on 2 June 2014

Shiv Rajya Abhishek Sohala — 06th June

On 6th June, we commemorate Shiv Rajya Abhishek Sohala, the coronation day of the great Maratha warrior king, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

Whether it’s a poster for Telangana Formation Day, an animation video for Shiv Rajya Abhishek Sohala, or festive posts for Bakri Eid, Father’s Day, and International Yoga Day, AdBanao has everything you need.

Join the festivities this June and let AdBanao be your companion in creating memorable moments.

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[kolgold]

"Chhattrapati Shahu Maharaj: Legacy of a Visionary Leader"

Shahu Maharaj also called the “Maharaja of the Maharajas” was the king of the princely state of Kolhapur during 1894-1922 in the times of Britishers. He was not only a king but also a great social worker and did commendable work towards the upliftment of the poor and Harijan society. He laid the foundation of a modern India by setting up a model of growth and modernity in Kolhapur which later became a roadmap for all other states.

Personal life

Shahu Maharaj was born in June 1874 in the Ghatge family of the place Kagal. He was named “YashwantRao” by his father JaysinghRao and mother RadhaBai. Soon after birth, at the age of three, he lost his mother and in 1884, was adopted by AnanaBai, the wife of the late king of Bhosle dynasty Shivaji Maharaj IV.

After this, he went to Dharwad for his education where he studied politics, world history, and English. He was very fond of wrestling from a very early age and then later during his reign, he established the famous Wrestling ground known as “Khasbag Maidan” which gave shelter to many great Indian wrestlers during the time. Even today a lot of people come to Kolhapur today to learn wrestling skills.

At the age of 17, he married Laxmibai, who was the daughter of a Maratha gentleman from Baroda. His wife was only 12 years old at the time of marriage. In 1894, he was ready to become the king of Kolhapur and was coronated at the age of 20.

Shahu Maharaj’s remarkable work

Shahu Maharaj was very ahead of his time when he took over as the king of Kolhapur. He laid the foundation of how modern India should look like by setting an example in Kolhapur. Even today, his reform actions and policies are used all across the country and his reign became a role model for all other princely states at that time. He was not only a king but also a social reformer who worked effortlessly towards the welfare of Harijans of the society and created an ecosystem of equality. Some of his remarkable work is mentioned below :

Starting of Reservation System: Shahu Ji Maharaj started the reservation model for the first time in the history of the country in 1902. The model gave 50% reservation to backward classes in government jobs. This model is still used as national law and is embedded in the constitution of India.

Free and compulsory primary education: Even after 75 years of independence, India is not able to raise the literacy rate even closer to a perfect 100 percent. Shahu Maharaj in those times made primary education free and compulsory for the people of Kolhapur. This shows the vision he had for Kolhapur and how he was well aware of what education could bring to the welfare and upliftment of society.

Starting Railways in Kolhapur: During his reign, the first train started from Miraj to Kolhapur in 1888.

Laws for castism: After the Vedokta case, Shahu Maharaj was sure that for giving the Harijans an equal society and eradicate casteism, it’s important to go by the law. He legislated laws against untouchability and inter-caste marriage in Kolhapur. He also demolished the slave labor practice prevalent in those times. He worked closely with Dr. Ambedkar to uplift the backward class in society and was very influenced by the revolutionary thoughts of Dr. Ambedkar.

Business Development: For creating jobs within Kolhapur, it was important to start new business opportunities in the state. In this direction, Shahu Maharaj started snipping mills with huge investments and also started the famous Jaggery market to support local jaggery makers of the state. It became a go-to place for people to buy jaggery made in Kolhapur.

Satyashodhak Andolan support: After Jyotibafule died, the Satyashodhak Andolan lacked his leadership and alignment and at this time, the Maharaj took over and gave the whole moment a direction, it needed at that point of time. He also started schools in Kolhapur named after the movement called “Satyashodhak School”.

Infrastructure Development: Shahu Maharaj built the first “Radhanagri Dam” in Kolhapur which was made of soil. He also rebuilt the Ranakara lake and created a tourism spot out of this. Along with this, he established the famous wrestling ground in Kolhapur state called “Khasbag Kushti Maidan”.

Ban on cow slaughter: Since cow slaughter was a sentimental spot for the Hindu community and was always a bone of contention amongst different communities in the state, Shahu Maharaj in 1901 started a ban on cow slaughter in the state.

Shahu Maharaj’s awards and honors

For the remarkable work done by Shahu Maharaj, he was awarded many awards and honors during his reign. Some of the most significant one’s  are listed below :

The L.L.D degree by Cambridge University in 1902.

The ‘Maharaja’ title by Queen Victoria in 1900.

The CGSI (Knight Grand Commander) by Queen Victoria in 1895.

The ‘Rajashree’ title by Kshatriya Parishad in Kanpur in 1919.

Shahu Maharaj’s Death

The last days of Shahu Maharaj’s life were full of grief as he lost his son Shivaji in an accident which affected his health badly and his diabetics went out of control. Due to this bad health, he could not survive and died in Mumbai on May 6, 1922, post a cardiac arrest at the age of 48. It was a dark day in the history of Kolhapur and an era of reforms and growth ended.

[thetimelock]

A 350 year old connection of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj with Pandit Laxmikant Dixit performing Pran Pratishtha of Ram Mandir Ayodhya

22nd January 2024 will witness the consecration ceremony of Ram Temple in Ayodhya, a ritual performed by Pandit Laxmikant Dixit as a head priest and Prime Minister Narendra Modi as the mukhya yajman or the main host. Laxmikant Dixit is the direct descendant of Gaga Bhatt who performed the coronation of Shivaji Maharaj on 6 June 1674, exactly 350 years ago.  It was Gaga Bhatt who convinced…

[evokeholidays]

The Majestic Forts of Maharashtra: A Journey Through History and Nature.

Maharashtra, a state in Western India, boasts a rich and vibrant history, evident in its numerous forts scattered across the landscape. These forts, some dating back centuries, stand as testaments to the architectural prowess and strategic brilliance of past rulers. But beyond their historical significance, these forts offer a unique blend of adventure, natural beauty, and cultural immersion, making them a must-visit for any traveller to Maharashtra.

1. Raigad Fort: The Symbol of Maratha Glory.

Raigad Fort rises majestically atop a hill, overlooking the lush Konkan plains. This fort was the capital of the Maratha Empire under the legendary Shivaji Maharaj, and its ramparts still echo with the tales of his bravery and leadership. The fort boasts impressive structures like the queen's palace, the royal baths, and the samadhi (tomb) of Shivaji Maharaj. The view from the fort's summit is simply breathtaking, offering panoramic vistas of the surrounding countryside.

2. Shivneri Fort: Where Legends Began.

Shivneri Fort, located near Junnar, holds a special place in Maratha history. It was the birthplace of Shivaji Maharaj and served as the Marathas' early stronghold. The fort's rugged terrain and strategically designed defenses made it virtually impregnable, allowing Shivaji to plan his many successful campaigns. Today, the fort houses a museum dedicated to Shivaji's life and legacy, offering visitors a glimpse into the early days of the Maratha Empire.

3. Sinhagad Fort: A Site of Epic Battles.

Sinhagad Fort, also known as Kondhana, stands witness to one of the most iconic battles in Maratha history. In 1670, Tanaji Malusare, a loyal commander of Shivaji, led a daring attack on the strategically important fort, ultimately sacrificing his life to secure a Maratha victory. The fort's ramparts offer stunning views of the surrounding hills and valleys, and the Tanaji Malusare memorial stands as a tribute to his bravery.

4. Pratapgad Fort: Echoing with Echoes of Valor.

Pratapgad Fort, perched atop a hill near Satara, was another crucial Maratha stronghold. It was here that Shivaji Maharaj held his coronation ceremony in 1674, marking the formal establishment of the Maratha Empire. The fort is also known for the famous battle of Pratapgad, where Shivaji defeated the Mughal general Afzal Khan in a dramatic hand-to-hand combat. The fort's museum showcases artifacts and weapons from the Maratha era, offering visitors a deeper understanding of this period in history.

5. Lohagad Fort: A Trek Through Nature and History.

Lohagad Fort, located near Lonavala, offers a captivating blend of natural beauty and historical significance. The trek to the fort takes you through picturesque landscapes, offering stunning views of the surrounding valleys. The fort's ramparts provide a glimpse into its past, with remnants of water cisterns, caves, and temples still visible. Lohagad is a haven for trekkers and nature enthusiasts, offering an escape from the hustle and bustle of city life.

6. Janjira Fort: An Island Fortress Steeped in Mystique.

Janjira Fort, located off the coast of Murud, is an island fortress with a unique history. It was built by the Siddi dynasty in the 17th century and remained unconquered for over 350 years. The fort's formidable walls and strategic location made it virtually invincible, earning it the nickname "the impregnable fort." A visit to Janjira offers a glimpse into its maritime past and a unique experience of exploring a fort on an island.

7. Panhala Fort: A Hilltop Haven of Tranquility

Panhala Fort, nestled amidst the lush hills of Kolhapur, is a tranquil escape from the city life. The fort served as the capital of the Marathas for several years and was witness to numerous historical events. Its well-preserved structures, including palaces, temples, and gateways, offer a glimpse into the grandeur of the Maratha era. Panhala is also known for its scenic beauty and is a popular destination for trekking and camping.

This is just a glimpse into the vast and fascinating world of forts in Maharashtra. Each fort has its own unique story to tell, waiting to be explored. So, pack your bags, lace up your shoes, and embark on a journey through history and nature as you discover the majestic forts of Maharashtra.

[ganganews]

Mohan Bhagwat made a significant statement during an event commemorating the 350th anniversary of the coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

[6383174363]

Sivaji, or Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was a prominent Maratha warrior and the founder of the Maratha Empire in western India in the 17th century. He was born in 1630 in Shivneri, a fort near Pune. Shivaji is known for his significant role in challenging the Mughal Empire and establishing an independent Maratha kingdom.

Key points about Shivaji's history include:

Early Life: Shivaji was born to Shahaji Bhonsle and Jijabai. He was trained in military tactics and administration from a young age.

Coronation: He was crowned as the Chhatrapati (emperor) of the Maratha Kingdom in 1674, marking the formal establishment of his rule.

Guerrilla Warfare: Shivaji was a skilled military strategist and used guerrilla warfare tactics to resist the Mughal Empire and other regional powers.

Naval Power: He also built a strong navy, which helped him secure the Konkan and Goa coastlines.

Fortifications: Shivaji constructed numerous forts, including Raigad, Pratapgad, and Sinhagad, which played a crucial role in defending his kingdom.

Administration: He established a competent administration with a system of revenue collection and governance.

Treaties and Alliances: Shivaji made strategic alliances and signed treaties with various regional powers to maintain his kingdom's independence.

Legacy: His legacy is celebrated in Maharashtra and India as a symbol of Maratha pride and independence.

Death: Shivaji passed away in 1680, but his empire continued to grow under the leadership of his descendants.

Shivaji's life and achievements have had a lasting impact on Indian history, and he is remembered as a heroic

[whoisthefirstrulerofmaharashtra]

Who Is The First Ruler Of Maharashtra?

Maharashtra News In Hindi - Shivaji Maharaj, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was a legendary Indian warrior king and the founder of the Maratha Empire in western India during the 17th century. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest heroes in Indian history, known for his exceptional military tactics, administrative skills, and his efforts to establish a strong and independent Maratha Kingdom.

Here Is A Brief Biography Of Shivaji Maharaj: Maharashtra Political News In Hindi

Early life and background:

Shivaji was born on february 19, 1630, in the hill fort of shivneri, located near pune in present-day Maharashtra, India. He was born to shahaji bhonsle, a maratha nobleman, and jijabai, his mother, who played a crucial role in shaping his character and values.

Rise to power:

In his youth, Shivaji was trained in the art of warfare and leadership. He began his military career by capturing the fort of Torna in 1646. Over the next few years, he continued to conquer and consolidate various forts and territories, eventually establishing his own kingdom.

Military campaigns and governance:

Shivaji is known for his guerrilla warfare tactics, innovative military strategies, and administration reforms. He introduced the concept of a strong navy to protect his coastal territories and employed a disciplined administrative system known as "Ashtapradhan" (council of eight ministers) to efficiently govern his kingdom.

Coronation and title:

In 1674, Shivaji was crowned as the Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire. The title "Chhatrapati" signifies a supreme ruler or emperor. This coronation solidified his authority and status as an independent ruler.

Legacy:

Shivaji Maharaj's legacy is deeply rooted in his efforts to establish a strong Hindu kingdom in the face of Mughal and other regional powers. He promoted the welfare of his subjects, ensured religious tolerance, and promoted social justice. His ideals of self-governance, Valor, and pride continue to inspire generations in India.

Death:

Shivaji Maharaj passed away on april 3, 1680, in raigad fort, Maharashtra. Despite his relatively short lifespan, his contributions to Indian history and culture have left an indelible mark. Shivaji Maharaj's life and achievements are celebrated annually on February 19 as Shivaji Jayanti in Maharashtra and other parts of india. His name remains synonymous with courage, leadership, and the spirit of resistance against oppression, mumbai news in hindi.

[mehtasatya07]

PM's message on 350th coronation ceremony ‘#ShivRajyabhishek’ of Shivaji Maharaj- With Subtitles

http://dlvr.it/Sqhp2J

[satyathemehta]

PM's message on 350th coronation ceremony ‘#ShivRajyabhishek’ of Shivaji Maharaj- With Subtitles

http://dlvr.it/Sqhl6W @narendramodi

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.24

787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia. 1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near Veracruz. 1645 – The Battle of Rowton Heath in England is a Parliamentarian victory over a Royalist army commanded in person by King Charles. 1674 – Second Tantrik Coronation of Shivaji. 1745 – Jacobite rising of 1745: Bonnie Prince Charles defeats a British government army in the Battle of Prestonpans. 1789 – The United States Congress passes the Judiciary Act, creating the office of the Attorney General and federal judiciary system and ordering the composition of the Supreme Court. 1830 – A revolutionary committee of notables forms the Provisional Government of Belgium. 1841 – The Sultanate of Brunei cedes Sarawak to James Brooke. 1846 – Mexican–American War: General Zachary Taylor captures Monterrey. 1852 – The first powered, passenger-carrying airship, the Giffard dirigible, travels 17 miles (27 km) from Paris to Trappes. 1853 – Admiral Despointes formally takes possession of New Caledonia in the name of France. 1869 – Black Friday (1869): Gold prices plummet after United States President Ulysses Grant orders the Treasury to sell large quantities of gold after Jay Gould and James Fisk plot to control the market. 1877 – The Battle of Shiroyama is a decisive victory of the Imperial Japanese Army over the Satsuma Rebellion. 1890 – The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints officially renounces polygamy. 1906 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt proclaims Devils Tower in Wyoming as the nation's first National Monument. 1906 – Racial tensions exacerbated by rumors lead to the Atlanta Race Riot, further increasing racial segregation. 1911 – His Majesty's Airship No. 1, Britain's first rigid airship, is wrecked by strong winds before her maiden flight at Barrow-in-Furness. 1929 – Jimmy Doolittle performs the first flight without a window, proving that full instrument flying from take off to landing is possible. 1932 – Gandhi and Dr. Ambedkar agree to the Poona Pact, which reserved seats in the Indian provincial legislatures for the "Depressed Classes" (Untouchables). 1935 – Earl and Weldon Bascom produce the first rodeo ever held outdoors under electric lights. 1946 – Cathay Pacific Airways is founded in Hong Kong. 1946 – The top-secret Clifford-Elsey Report on the Soviet Union is delivered to President Truman. 1948 – The Honda Motor Company is founded. 1950 – The eastern United States is covered by a thick haze from the Chinchaga fire in western Canada. 1957 – President Eisenhower sends the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock, Arkansas, to enforce desegregation. 1959 – TAI Flight 307 crashes during takeoff from Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport in Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France, killing 55 people. 1960 – USS Enterprise, the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, is launched. 1972 – Japan Airlines Flight 472 lands at Juhu Aerodrome instead of Santacruz Airport in Bombay, India. 1973 – Guinea-Bissau declares its independence from Portugal. 1975 – Southwest Face expedition members become the first persons to reach the summit of Mount Everest by any of its faces, instead of using a ridge route. 1993 – The Cambodian monarchy is restored, with Norodom Sihanouk as king. 1996 – Representatives of 71 nations sign the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the United Nations. 2005 – Hurricane Rita makes landfall in the United States, devastating portions of southwestern Louisiana and extreme southeastern Texas. 2007 – Between 30,000 and 100,000 people take part in anti-government protests in Yangon, Burma, the largest in 20 years. 2008 – Thabo Mbeki resigns as president of South Africa. 2009 – The G20 summit begins in Pittsburgh with 30 global leaders in attendance. 2009 – SA Airlink Flight 8911 crashes near Durban International Airport in Durban, South Africa, killing the captain and injuring the rest of the crew. 2013 – A 7.7-magnitude earthquake strikes southern Pakistan, killing at least 327 people.

[livesanskrit]

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Hindu Samrajya Diwas.

The anniversary of the coronation of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in the 17 century is celebrated as Hindu Samrajya Diwas. It is believed that with Shivaji’s coronation, a Hindu kingdom came into being. Chhatrapati Shivaji was the 17th-century ruler founded the Maratha Kingdom. Shivaji was born in 1627 AD at Shivneri Fort in Pune and was named after Goddess Shivai. Chhatrapati Shivaji was crowned as the ruler of the Hindu empire on June 6, 1674, as per the Gregorian calendar. However, people in Raigad celebrate the day on the Hindu month Jyeshtha’s Shukla Trayodashi (13th day) which falls on June 4. Hindu Samrajya Diwas is also known as Hindu Empire Day.

#sansgreet #sanskritgreetings #greetingsinsanskrit #sanskritquotes #sanskritthoughts #emergingsanskrit #sanskrittrends #trendsinsanskrit #livesanskrit #sanskritlanguage #sanskritlove #sanskritdailyquotes #sanskritdailythoughts #sanskrit #resanskrit #hindusamrajyadiwas #celebratingsanskrit #shivaji #shivajimaharaj #shivji #maratha #marathi #maharashtra #hindutwa #chhatrapatishivajimaharaj #chhatrapati #marathakingdom #hinduempireday #raigadfort #marathahistory

[all-about-news24x7]

A Milestone in the History of Bharat

The coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is a significant milestone in the history of Bharat. The first biographer of Shivaji Maharaj, Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad described the event: “… a Maratha King becoming Chhatrapati is not an ordinary incident…” Shivaji had become the lord of hundreds of land forts, sea forts, and thousands of soldiers. The Indian populace started looking upon Shivaji as…

[getyourway]

Life introduction of Veer Shivaji || biography of shivaji

Hello friends, welcome to my website getyourway.online . In today's article, we introduce the life of Veer Shivaji. Will read the biography of Shivaji.

Life introduction of Veer Shivaji || biography of shivaji

Born- 19 February 1630

Location- Shivneri Fort

mother -in-law

Father- Shahji Bhosale

Death- 3 April 1680

Birth, place of birth and parents:-

Chhatrapati Veer Shivaji was born on February 19, 1630 in a fort named Shivneri. His father's name was Shahaji Bhosale, who was a Samant and Shivaji's mother's name was Jijabai, his mother was an exceptionally talented woman. Shivaji's elder brother's name was Sambhaji.

early life:-

His parents had a profound impact on Shivaji's life. His elder brother Sambhaji used to spend more time with his father, while Shivaji's childhood was spent under the guidance of his mother. Shivaji learned a lot from his mother, he learned politics and war from her. If seen, his mother was his first teacher and his mother is considered to be his first teacher.

family life:-

Shivaji Maharaj had 8 wives, his first wife's name was Saibai Nimbalkar, whom he married on May 14, 1640. He had done all the other marriages for political purposes.

Shivaji's wives: - Names

of the eight wives of Shivaji -

(1) Saibai Nimbalkar

(2) Soyrabai Mohite

(3) Putlabai Palkar

(4) Sakwarbai Gaikwad

(5) Sagunabai Shirke

(6) Kashibai Jadhav

(7) Laxmibai Vichare

(8) Gunwantabai Ingle

Struggle with Mughals: -

(1) Aurangzeb, whose rule was over North India at that time, turned his attention towards the south. Aurangzeb was well aware of the increasing dominance of Shivaji in the south. Therefore, to control Chhatrapati Shivaji, he sent his maternal uncle Shaistan Khan as the subedar of the south. Shaistan Khan reached Poona with an army of 1,50,000, he looted Maval for about 3 years, at the end Shivaji attacked him with 250 Mavalis, in this attack Shaistan Khan escaped but he had to lose his 4 fingers and Countless soldiers were killed along with his son Abul Fath and forty guards.

(2) Looting in Mughal stronghold Surat:-

Shaista Khan looted Shivaji's territory with his army of 1,50,000 and burnt it completely. Disappointed by this and to compensate for the loss, Shivaji thought of looting the Mughals and took his 4 thousand. In 1664, with the help of the army, the richest area of ​​the Mughals, Surat was looted. Surat was the main center of trade of the Mughals at that time. All these incidents have been described by the British in their articles etc.

Later, Aurangzeb fraudulently called him to Agra and disrespected him, this angered Shivaji and termed Aurangzeb as a traitor. But Shivaji managed to escape from it with his understanding and strategy. Later, in 1668, Aurangzeb made a treaty with Shivaji and recognized Shivaji as the king and returned his territory to him.

Coronation of Shivaji:-

After making a treaty with Aurangzeb and getting his territory back, he was coronated on June 6, 1674 in Raigad. He laid the foundation of the Maratha kingdom in 1674 itself. He was given the title of Chhatrapati only after the coronation, since then he was called Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

Relations with the British: -

In the beginning, Shivaji's relations were good with the British, but in 1660, the British went against him by not supporting Shivaji in a conflict, Shivaji got angry with the British and he harassed the British by sending their army to Mumbai, who came to do business.

Expansion of Maratha state: -

After the coronation, Shivaji invaded and conquered Khandesh, Karwar, Bijapur, Kolhapur, Ramnagar, Janjira and Belgaum, etc. to expand the Maratha kingdom and establish his sovereignty over other areas and brought them under control by the Adil Shahi rulers. Also captured the forts in Vellore and Gingee. With this, Shivaji got control over a large area.

Death of Shivaji:-

Shivaji died on April 3, 1680 in Raigarh Fort. He ruled for about 6 years after his coronation.

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Question & answer

(1) What was the name of Shivaji Maharaj's mother?

Answer:- Shivaji Maharaj's mother's name was Jijabai.

(2) Who was the teacher of Shivaji?

Answer:- Samarth Guru Ramdas .

[kalyan-gullapalli]

Post # 121

Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's caste...

On 16th February, 2015, Govind Pansale (then 81 years of age) and his wife, Uma Pansare, were shot by a couple of assailants on a motor bike, while they were taking their morning walk. On 20th February, four days later, Govind Pansare died in Breach Candy Hospital in Mumbai. Actually, Govind Pansare was a left-wing CPI politician, whose murder is suspected to be a political assassination and is still unsolved. But this post is not about him, it is about the bestselling book he authored.

In 1988, Govind Pansare wrote a book in Marathi - Shivaji Kon Hota?, which was subsequently translated into English as Who was Shivaji?, and into other vernacular languages like Urdu, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Gujarati and Bengali. Till February, 2015, it had sold about 1.4 lac copies. Post his assassination, there was a renewed interest in his book. More than 3 lac copies have been sold since. I read the book only today.

This book is not so much a biography of the great Maratha ruler, but an insight into the kind of ruler he was - his benevolent, caretaking attitude towards his subjects, especially common folk - ryots, the respect he showed to women, his foresight in building an empire constituting each segment of the society - untouchables, lower castes, brahmins and muslims, and his fair and efficient administrative policies. It is a truly inspiring account into the character of the man.

But I was stunned to read the chapter where Govindji takes us through the challenges Shivaji faced in getting coronated as Chatrapati.

Did you know that no brahmin in Maharashtra consented to perform his coronation ceremonies? A brahmin from Kashi was invited to do it. Why? Because it was believed that Shivaji was a Shudra!

Therein lies a tale.

In the 17th century, the whole of India, north of Vindhyas, was ruled by the Mughals, and the south of Vindhyas was dominated by the Sultans of various Sultanates. In such times, in 1630, Shivaji Bhosale was born to Shahaji Bhosale, a principal officer in the Sultanate of Bijapur, and Jijabai.

Right from childhood, Shivaji stoked flames of freedom within himself. So he made friends with simple, sturdy, like-minded boys of the Sahyadri mountains, created an army of his own, and started nibbling into the Sultan's territory by capturing one fort after other. Soon, he became a force to be reckoned with.

Having had significant success with victories over Afzal Khan, a powerful commander of the Sultanate of Bijapur, and over Saishtha Khan, a powerful general under Aurangzeb, the Mughal Emperor, he was ready to proclaim himself as the Chatrapati of the Maratha kingdom that he had founded and formed.

But it was not that simple. First, the brahmins in his kingdom didnot support him - for multiple reasons. While Shivaji was building his kingdom, he had enlisted the support of all sections of the society, irrespective of caste or creed. In fact, Shivaji was probably one of the first equal opportunity employers in Indian history. He had grown up with a large number of enterprising folk from the Shudra or Ati-Shudra jatis and had provided them with numerous opportunities for upward social mobility. Amazingly, Shivaji had 13 Muslim commanders in his Army. His Chief of Navy was a Muslim. This was unacceptable to the staunch, conservative Hindu culture of those days.

Also, Shivaji did not give Brahmins any special place or privileges in his kingdom. He had proclaimed that a Brahmin, who does some mischief, would be punished commensurately and not be spared punishment because he is a Brahmin. They did not take it well. It is funny that today, Shivaji is proclaimed to be a Go Brahmin Pratipalak, a protector of Cows and Brahmins.

Third, the Brahmins claimed that Shivaji's maunji bandhan (thread ceremony) had not been done, and that his marriage had not happened according to proper rituals. So how can he be king?

If you think all this is ridiculous, listen to what happens next. Aurangzeb wanted to crush Shivaji once and for all. So he sets his ablest general - the Rajput Jai Singh - on the job. But Jai Singh is not so sure that he can defeat Shivaji. So he organizes a three month Yagna, spends 2 crore rupees (in 17th century) and invites all the Brahmins of the land to perform the invocations. He calls it the Kot Chandi Yagna. Incredibly, many brahmins from the Maratha lands attend the Yagna, as an opposition to Shivaji!

While the Brahmins were busy branding Shivaji a Shudra, he wasn't having an easy time with the Kshatriyas as well.

The Maratha Kshatriya noblemen belonged to 96 families - Kulas. Even though they had no kingdoms, they would call themselves Rajas or Patils - Shinde Raja, More Raja, Landage Patil, Kolhe Patil, Kale Patil, Vikhe Patil etc. These 96 Kshatriya families also didnot support Shivaji.

Chandrarao More Raja of Jawali was one of the 96. Shivaji tried to enlist More. Emissaries went to More, who did not respond to these genuine efforts. Shivaji then warned him - if you don't join me, Jawali would be captured. Shivaji had referred to himself in the letter as King. More arrogantly replied, “You, a king? You become a king because you choose to call yourself one. If you are eating your meal, finish it and come to Jawali to wash your hands. Let’s fight!” Shivaji fulfilled More’s wish. He went to war and captured Jawali.

In short, high-caste Brahmins or Kshatriyas were not prepared to accept Shivaji Bhonsle as their leader and King. Not a single Brahmin from Maharashtra was willing to perform the rituals associated with his anointment as Chatrapati.

So, a Brahmin from Varanasi, Gaga Bhatta, was called to anoint Shivaji by performing the Vedic rituals. Gaga Bhatta’s family had roots in Nanded (Maharashtra), but his reputation was built in Benares. But Shivaji had to reward him with so much gold that it was too heavy for him to carry it down the Raigadh fort.

And so it came to pass that on 6th June, 1674, at the age of 44, three decades after Shivaji started his fight for freedom or Swaraj, he was coronated in a grand ceremony in Raigarh, his capital, that went on for very many days.

But all the ceremony didn't help Shivaji much. After his coronation, a series of deaths took place: Shivaji’s mother, Jijabai, died on the thirteenth day after the coronation; his Chief of Army, Prataprao Gujar, died shortly afterwards; one of Shivaji’s wives, Kashibai, also died.

A Yajurvedi Tantrik, Nishchalpuri Gosavi, then came to see Shivaji. He told him that these tragedies took place because Gaga Bhatta had committed certain errors in the ceremonial rites for coronation, including holding the coronation on an inauspicious date. Shivaji accepted Nishchalpuri’s word and had another coronation three months later!

Shivaji survived a mere six years as king after his coronation and died at a very young age of 50 years, in 1680. A century later, the Maratha Empire had touched Delhi in the north.

So, was Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, one of India's greatest rulers, a real people's man, a builder of a true welfare society, a great administration, and most importantly, one hellava human being, a Kshatriya or a Shudra? Here is an interesting take.

It doesn't really matter. But what saddened me was to read that, "Even today Marathas who arrange marriages on the basis of caste, treat people having the surname Bhonsle as lowly." To me, that's a sad way to remember one of the truly great sons of this soil.