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skyfire85 · 4 years ago

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-Preflighting a Blohm & Voss - BV 141. | Photo: P.K. Luftwaffe

Flightline: 60 - Blohm and Voss

Hamburger Flugzeugbau (lit. ‘Hamburg aircraft construction’) was a division of the Blohm & Voss shipbuilding company, whose owners wanted to move into building long-range flying boats for the German state airline Hansa. The company’s name was changed to Abteilung Flugzeugbau der Schiffswerft Blohm & Voss (“Aircraft Manufacturing Division of Blohm & Voss Shipbuilder”) in 1937, and the growing Nazi rearming campaign saw the former passenger plan manufacturer branch out into warplanes.

B&V’s most successful design for the Wehrmacht was the BV.138 Seedrache (‘Sea Dragon’), a trimotor seaplane used for maritime patrol and naval reconnaissance.

-A Blohm & Voss BV 138, seen on Siutghiol lake, near Constanta, in 1943. | Photo: Unknown

The BV.222 Wiking (‘Viking’) was a pre-war large flying boat passenger plane, but the 13 examples produced were pressed into service as a cargo transport and troop transport during the War.

-A BV.222 in flight. | Photo: Unknown

B&V is perhaps best well known for a large number of asymmetrical designs produced by chief designer Richard Vogt.

In 1937, the German Air Ministry – the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) – issued a specification for a single-engine reconnaissance aircraft with optimal visual characteristics. The preferred contractor was Arado with the Ar 198, but the prototype proved unsuccessful. The eventual winner was the Focke-Wulf Fw 189 Uhu, even though its twin-boom design using two smaller engines did not match the requirement of a single engined aircraft. Blohm & Voss was not invited to participate, but pursued as a private venture the uniquely asymmetric BV 141.

-BV.141 under construction at the Blohm + Voss plant. | Photo: Scholz

The crew compartment was set to starboard to provide the best view, as well as to counter roll forces from the single piston engine. The tail unit was similarly offset. Power came from a BMW 132N engine, though the prototypes were found to be underpowered. Later 141s were built with BMW 801s, and proved to be superior to the Fw.189, but competition with the Fw.190 for the BMW 801s capped production of the BV.141 at 28. A ground attack and dive-bomber variant, potentially augmented with a Jumo 004 jet engine, was studied as the Bv.237, but was not produced.

-Orthograph of the BV.237 showing the Jumo 004 mounting. | Illustration: Reichdreams #13: Asymmetric Planes

The Blohm & Voss P.111 was a back up design to the BV 138 sea plane. Whereas the fuselage was basically similar to the later-built BV 138, a long boom with a conventional tail unit was placed on the port side of the wing. Three Jumo 208 engines, each developing 1500 horsepower, were all mounted on the wing leading edge. A pontoon was located just outboard of the port engine, beneath the wing.

-Orthograph of the P.111. | Illustration: Wydawnictwo Militaria #64 BV 138

The BV P.178 dive-bomber had one Jumo 004B turbojet located under the wing to the starboard side of the fuselage. The pilot sat in a cockpit in the forward fuselage, with a large fuel tank located to the rear of the cockpit. Beneath the fuel tank there was a deep recession in which a SC 500 bomb could be carried within the fuselage, or a SC 1000 bomb which would protrude slightly out of the fuselage. Two solid-fuel auxiliary rocket engines extended from the rear, and may have possibly been used for take-off or for climbing after a dive-bombing attack. Two MG 151 15mm machine guns were located in the nose

The BV P.179 asymmetric fighter-bomber was developed from the BV P.177/BV.237, though it had a shorter wingspan and a single seat. The P.179 was powered by one BMW 801 14 cylinder radial engine. The cockpit was located in a nacelle to the starboard side of the fuselage, beneath which up to 500 kg (1100 lbs) of bombs could be carried. The main landing gear retracted outwards into the wingtips. Two MG 151/20 20mm cannon were the projected armament, and were located under the pilot’s position.

-Orthograph of the P.179. | Illustration: Luft46.com

BV P.194 was a series of designs for various mixed-propulsion asymmetrical aircraft, which were intended for diverse roles such as fighter, destroyer, dive bomber and reconnaissance. The designs all featured a BMW 801D on the main fuselage, and either a BMW 003 or Jumo 004 jet engine was mounted in the crew gondola, offset to starboard.

-A table of P.194 variants and color illustrations of hypothetical BV P.194 variants in squadron markings. | Illustration: luft46.com/Reichdreams Dossiers #13: Asymmetric Planes

Though not an asymmetrical design, the P.188 jet bomber was unique in that it had wings that were swept back half way along their length, then swept forwards to the tips. This design was expected to give good performance at both low and high speeds. The P.188 had tandem twin main landing gear along with outriggers to support the wings. The plane was to be powered by four Jumo 004C jets, and would have carried 2200lbs of bombs internally, or Hs 293C anti-ship missiles externally.

-Orthograph of the P.188. | Illustration: luft46.com

B+V ceased operations after the end of WW2, though it was reconstituted as Hamburger Flugzeugbau GmBH (HFB) in 1956 when Germany was freed from post-war restrictions. HFB mainly served as a subcontractor on programs like the Nord Noratlas, Transall C-160 and Lockheed F-104G Starfighter. Their only solo project was the HFB 320 Hansa Jet, a ten-seat business jet which featured a forward swept wing. The type was intended to compete with Lear Jet, but the General Electric CJ610 engines prevented it from flying from smaller fields, and the 320 was mainly limited to service with the West German Air Force, were it served as a VIP transport and as a trainer for ECM crews. The type was retired in 1994.

-German Air Force HFB 320 ECM with nose radome and additional aerials. At Air Tattoo International 1992. | Photo: Andrew Thomas

HFB merged with Messerschmitt-Bölkow to form Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB), which in turn was taken over by Deutsche Aerospace (DASA) in September 1989, which has since been absorbed into the pan-European Airbus corporation.

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trevorbmccalli · 8 years ago

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Westaustralien: Forscher filmen erstmals lebende Rote Seedrachen

Westaustralien Forscher filmen erstmals lebende Rote Seedrachen

Nur durch Funde von vier toten Exemplaren wussten Forscher überhaupt, dass es sie gibt: die Roten Seedrachen. Nun wurden erstmals lebende Tiere im Meer entdeckt. Und sogar gefilmt.

DPA

Seedrachen erinnern an große Seepferdchen

Freitag, 13.01.2017 09:33 Uhr

Vor der Küste Westaustraliens haben US-Forscher erstmals lebende Exemplare des Roten Seedrachens im Meer beobachtet. Die rubin-roten, an große Seepferdchen erinnernden Meeresfische (Phyllopteryx dewysea) waren erst 2015 beschrieben worden, allerdings nur mithilfe toter Exemplare.

Die jetzt im Journal “Marine Biodiversity Records” vorgestellten Seedrachen tummelten sich in mehr als 50 Metern Tiefe in den Seetangwiesen des Recherche-Archipels, schreiben die Forscher um Greg Rouse. Bewegt vom heftigen Wellengang wurden die 25 Zentimeter langen Tiere sogar beim Fressen beobachtet. Die Aufnahmen gelangen den Forschern mithilfe eines ferngesteuerten Tauchroboters im April 2016.

Die Tiere verfügen über einen Greifschwanz, mit dem sie sich vermutlich am Seetang festhalten, um nicht von starker Strömung fortgetrieben zu werden.

DPA

Rote Seedrachen verfügen über einen Greifschwanz

Zwei nahe Verwandte sind in der Region bereits bekannt: Der Kleine und der Große Fetzenfisch. Ihre an Seetang erinnernden, blätterigen Fortsätze ermöglichen eine perfekte Tarnung. “Es war ein verblüffender Moment, als wir entdeckten, dass der Rote Seedrache keinerlei Fortsätze hat”, sagt Co-Autorin Josefin Stiller vom Scripps Institut für Ozeanographie (La Jolla).

Fotostrecke

7 Bilder

Great Barrier Reef: Die große Bleiche

Die verwandten Fetzenfisch können ihre Schwänze außerdem nicht zum Greifen nutzen, sodass die Forscher sich fragen, wie sich der Greifschwanz des Roten Seedrachens entwickelt hat. Zudem leben sie in seichteren Gewässern, sodass sie schon oft von Sporttauchern vor der Südküste Westaustraliens gesichtet wurden und auch in einigen Aquarien zu bewundern sind.

Der Rote Seedrache wurde erstmals 2015 in einer Studie als eigenständige Art beschrieben. Davor wurden nur vier tote Exemplare entdeckt, drei davon stammten aus Perth in Westaustralien. Ein Exemplar davon wurde bereits 1919 an einem Strand gefunden und seitdem in Ethanol konserviert und aufbewahrt. Lediglich ein lebendes Tier ist bekannt, es war Fischern im Recherche-Archipel ins Netz gegangen. Deshalb hatten die Forscher in diesem Gebiet gesucht.

Die Tiere bewegen sich mit der Brust- und Rückenflosse fort. Damit können sie vorwärts als auch rückwärts und auf und ab schwimmen. Sowohl durch die Körperform als auch durch die Farbgebung sind die Fische in ihrem Lebensraum ideal getarnt und in Seegras- und Tangwiesen nur schwer zu entdecken. Die Tiere erreichen eine Länge von knapp über 40 Zentimetern.

joe/dpa

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Der Beitrag Westaustralien: Forscher filmen erstmals lebende Rote Seedrachen erschien zuerst auf Nachrichten von Heute.

Westaustralien: Forscher filmen erstmals lebende Rote Seedrachen

#Nachrichten von Heute #Westaustralien: Forscher filmen erstmals lebende Rote Seedrachen

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