#rational risk/benefit analysis folks let's get us some)
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elainemorisi · 2 years ago
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due to Circumstances, I now have a persimmon seedling and a quince tree, and I am pretty enthused about this
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elliotqzed854-blog · 6 years ago
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What the Heck Is cbd shop?
Take away Temptation Give that top secret hiding location a filter out. Dump the pipes, papers, bongs, ashtrays and especially the weed! What cbd kaufen do you need any of that things for? You have Give up so decide to That call by clearing out the weed paraphernalia.
Your dealer just isn't your Good friend You realize that creepy man who has been acquiring 20% of your respective money for that past 10 years....Sure him - that's ideal he isn't your daily life extended Buddy. He'll want to guard his income so improve your variety and reduce his.
Your not 'giving up' everything A modify of way of thinking is necessary. You aren't missing out on just about anything - quite the reverse in actual fact. So be constructive about your weed free of charge upcoming - you've just be provided lots of dollars and and extra 10 years of lifetime....commence celebrating!
What 'smoking cigarettes buddies' There is no this sort of thing. Associates with whom the only real typical curiosity you shared was among getting stoned, are no more required. Their agenda differs to yours and you have to go away from the apparent risk of getting within their business if you wish to be successful.
Head and system are one This means you have already been neglecting your Exercise? The perfect time to get back in condition. Nothing at all to strenuous to start with - just some new air and strolling. You require time and energy to adapt so choose it effortless, but begin.
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Cleanse the toxins Decades of inhaling smoke has altered the balance of your body. It is time to 'acquire out the trash' You understand the drill....drink water, try to eat clean fruit and veggies, reduce the Alcoholic beverages, avoid the junk foods. Pores and skin & hair will before long be on the lookout terrific!
Use that spare time You have now obtained spare several hours, but Will not let them become a chore. Channel flicking isn't any substitute for accomplishing plans. So set you a task that works by using up the additional 20 hrs weekly you've now been gifted.
Celebrate your achievements You've got finished fantastically properly to create the crack from cannabis and get back Charge of your daily life. So rejoice The actual fact. Send out on your own a day by day electronic mail reminder congratulating an exceedingly Unique individual for his or her accomplishment.
Inform Many others how superb it is Be an evangelist for not cigarette smoking cannabis! Convey to Some others, assistance Other folks, share your achievements, distribute the term. It is likely to make you really feel fantastic and reconfirm your excellent decision.
In no way 'take a look at' your take care of There exists a strange trick that your mind will try to play on you whereby it sets up a obstacle towards your willpower. Don't be tricked - you really don't need to possess a puff to verify that you do not will need to possess a puff! Recognise that the 'rational you' is on top of things and normally might be.
On this page, we are going to take a look at a few professional medical benefits of cannabis which you could enjoy if you have a medical prescription. To paraphrase, we're going to get rid of some light within the positives on The premise of scientific exploration. Marijuana isn't proposed for leisure reasons.
In line with scientists, the herb can help with the cure of absent-mindedness, malaria, gout, and rheumatism, just to call several. Now, let us look at many of the outstanding great things about this herb.
one. Most cancers Therapy
According to a review published in Molecular Most cancers Therapeutics, marijuana may also help fight cancer. An additional review discovered that CBD may control The expansion of most cancers cells in the body.
The scientists within the American Affiliation for Most cancers Study say the herb does a fantastic occupation of slowing down the growth of tumors within the lungs, breasts, and brain.
2. Prevents Alzheimer's Disease
CBD has a robust ingredient named THC that helps Command the Alzheimer's disease, states the investigation which was done in the Scripps Analysis Institute. Also, THC can control the growth of amyloid plaques since it tends to dam the plaque-producing enzymes. You may get Alzheimer's disease When your brain cells get killed by the plaques.
three. Treats Glaucoma
CBD may additionally help take care of glaucoma. Basically, cannabis lowers tension as part of your eyes, which can help secure your eyeball.
4. Relieves Arthritis
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In keeping with a 2011 study research, researchers concluded that cannabis may also help sufferers dispose of agony and swelling. As a result, people with rheumatoid arthritis might get plenty of slumber.
5. Treats Epileptic Seizure
A different research done in 2003 found that the herb may be used to take care of epileptic seizures likewise. An experiment carried out on rats gave more than enough evidence that CBD does stop seizures for up to 10 hours. Essentially, THC binds the cells within the brain which might be accountable for triggering seizures.
six. Aids with Parkinson's Ailment
Lots of studies have been performed in Israel to discover the benefits of cannabis for people with Parkinson's illness. The review observed that the drug might help relieve the suffering, which aids individuals enhance their sleep. The people consumed the herb also relished superior motor expertise.
7. Allows with Crohn's Illness
Cannabis can be a good choice for individuals with Crohn's disorder. This ailment triggers suffering and inflammation within the intestines. People also practical experience agony, fat reduction, diarrhea, and nausea.
In Israel, scientific tests have been done to understand if this ailment may be controlled with cannabis. And the final results were being constructive. Much more than 90% of the individuals who smoked marijuana skilled fewer signs.
Long story brief, if additional study is finished, we may perhaps arrive at know about many other advantages of this herb at the same time. For now, we could mention that CBD has some Advantages so far as the remedy in the abovementioned illnesses is anxious. However, we don't suggest that you smoke or use this herb in any variety with no legitimate health care prescription. Hope this helps.
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angeltriestoblog · 8 years ago
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Your Comprehensive Guide to Surviving Grade 11
WARNING: The longest post I’ve ever made in the history of my blogging “career” is up ahead. Nevertheless, please read it so my efforts won’t be wasted.
In a nutshell, last school year was me trying to secure the Guinness World Record for the number of breakdowns on a bedroom floor. The amount of workload was unforgiving, the pressure to perform was crippling, the competition was inadvertently fierce and the standards set were higher than fun.'s friends in the Empire State. (Please get this reference.) Surprisingly, I survived and lived not only to tell the tale but to also help incoming Grade 11 students prepare for the year that is to come so they won't have to deal with the many risks of premature stress like I did! This is where this guide (with some unnecessary blabber on the side because will it really be an Angel Martinez post without it) comes in. Though it's a given that not everything that happened to me won't apply to you, I still hope you use these to better your experiences and emerge as a stronger and more productive person! Like me, I guess. In a way. 
To kick this off, let me just say that I know this notice might be coming in a little late, since enrollment for most schools (in the metro, at least) have already come to a close. Thus, by the time you've read this, you may have already chosen a strand of your own! The selection of some schools may be limited to the basics: Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM), Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) and Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) which are all pretty self-explanatory in terms of the topics of focus. But from what I know, others also offer Arts and Design and Sports for those who wish to devote their full attention to the talents they wish to hone and even a general academic strand for the benefit of those who remain undecided. I, for one, chose ABM: I didn’t feel like committing to a certain career yet and wanted to opt for the safest option among the choices.
The process of choosing which way to go is pretty intimidating at first especially once you figure out that the rest of your life may very well be at stake. But, it isn't that much of a pain once you reflect on your interests enough and see if those align with what you want to do and where you want to be in the future, if that’s not too forward looking for you! I know a couple of people who’ve had to compromise their true passions for the sake of pleasing their families. Whether it’s to continue a legacy that’s been passed down for several generations or fulfill a dream that belonged to someone else, some parents believe they have every reason in the world to demand their children’s future, even if it’s obviously against their will. Yes, I believe that it’s their responsibility to guide their kids through the process of figuring out what they want to be in such a fast-paced and ever-changing world where anyone can influence and be influenced for better or for worse. They must be able to provide the insight that only they possess after all the years they’ve spent collecting wisdom. They should help us plan out what’s gonna be on the blueprint of our lives, not finish it by themselves, present it and expect us to follow without any questions.
But as per usual, I digress. TL:DR choose the track you want, you don’t owe anything to anyone.
Generally, Grade 11 will be the hardest year on you. It doesn’t care if you came terribly unprepared, if you haven’t slept a wink in eons or if the people you live with barely even know who you are anymore. It’s unforgiving and relentless in the pursuit of giving you the biggest ordeal of your life. Based on my personal experience, I reckon it’s due to the fact that our teachers stand by their decision to treat us as young adults, seeing as we’d be in first year college anyway if the K-to-12 program wasn’t a thing. When we were children, everything we needed to know about a certain topic would be put on a silver platter and handed over to us, usually in the form of photocopied sheets of old handouts. All we’d have to do is memorize whatever was on them and eventually ace the tests that usually came in multiple choice or matching type form.
But now, we’re in charge of making our own notes, deciphering cryptic explanations for a certain lesson and most of all, making our own creative output based on what we could be often inaccurate interpretations. Grade 11 gave big importance to the performance task, much to the dismay of everybody. Whether individual or by group, it was always half our grade and due way before any of us were ready to face the task at hand. It also required coming up with original ideas, or solutions to the most common problems and it’s either bland when working alone or chaotic when with classmates, because everyone wants to be heard when we’re actually fighting for metaphorical spots.
I didn’t feel it much during the first semester though, because I had the best schedule on campus. Classes ended at 2:30PM for me so I had plenty of time at my disposal. I could hang out with friends, have a chat with my mom and procrastinate (responsibly) before proceeding with my work and still be able to go to sleep before the clock struck ten. My subjects weren’t terrible as well. Yeah, not all of them were anchored in the very foundation of my track but I was able to get grades far better than I would have expected, so it’s all good. Here’s a briefer on each:
General Math
A solid 8/10, which is a big deal considering the fact that Math has never been my strong suit. First quarter covers topics I barely understood when they were discussed to me in Grades 9 and 10, namely functions (linear, quadratic, polynomial, The Problematic Trio aka rational, exponential and piecewise) and equalities and inequalities. Second quarter focuses on business math, weirdly enough when there’s an entirely different subject for that, but the lessons don’t overlap. Annuities, stocks and bonds, and loans were explained plus a little bit of logic towards the end.
The key to Math is a heck lot of practice. Practice, practice, practice. Even when you know the answers, or more preferably when there’s no key given. Answer every problem in the book on a separate sheet of paper, make up your own, explain the procedure of solving to yourself, help a friend out and refresh your memory simultaneously. Do it when you get home, or when you have a free period at school or you have no idea what else to do seeing as that’s the only way you’ll develop the skills needed to become a human calculator.
Business Math
A more practical Math subject: every single topic discussed was something that could be applied in real life and useful to us when we have careers. The first few weeks consisted of our reviewing our favorites: fractions, decimal and percentage, and ratio and proportion, so it evidently started on a good note. It later on proceeds to buying and selling, computation for salaries and wages then the presentation and analysis of business data in table and graph form.
Though the lessons here are undeniably easier than our previous Math subject, it still wouldn’t hurt to practice, especially if everything isn’t clear to you from the get go. If your teacher is anything like mine and thrives on class participation, recite as often as you can whether it’s to give a recap of yesterday’s lesson or show the solution on the board. Her personal favorites in our class were those who made it a point to raise their hands as often as possible.
Physical Science
A mix of the deadliest sciences mixed in one subject. Physics and chemistry, folks. Just as appealing as it sounds. If you like both of them, you’ll breeze past this, no sweat. But if you’re like me and you stopped paying attention in science class after the teacher was done discussing the body system, you’ll have a lot of catching up to do. Subject matter included motion, energy, chemical reactions, force and energy. Don’t be too excited that there are only five, because these took two semesters to properly shove in our craniums.
There’s no downtime in this subject, you have to hustle every single day or else you’ll fall behind while the work just keeps piling up. Read up on everything and do not leave out even a single detail: know which causes what, and why well enough to the point that you can recite it in your sleep. Memorize the formulas and most importantly, invest in a double liner calculator! It’s a bit pricey but spending the amount required is far better than having to enter multiple parentheses to work your way around an equation.  
Earth and Life Science
Personally the superior science for me, considering that the topics were genuinely interesting and made me gain a better understanding of how the world works. We studied the origin and structure of the earth and beyond, earth processes, natural hazards, bioenergetics, perpetuation of life, evolution, organ systems and interaction and interdependence.
The only downside for some is that many terms will be introduced throughout the course of this subject, and you’ll obviously be required to memorize them all and at the very least, identify their definitions. Making flash cards for each lesson would definitely come in handy, even if takes a while and could very well cramp your hand but there’s this app called Quizlet which basically serves the same purpose and is easily accessible in any device you download it on.
Oral Communication
I think I was the only one in class who actually enjoyed what was going on for the most part of Oral Com, since I enjoy talking to a crowd and writing. If the mere mention of that phrase alone gives you shivers down to your spine, I guess you’ll have a lot of mental and emotional preparation to do. Normally, this subject would heavily rely on application of learnings through exercises and presentations but there was still a bit of (unnecessary) discussion here and there on topics like public communication skills and communicative strategies.
Expect a lot of speaking in front of the classroom! Tasks will range from impromptu (no time to think beforehand), extemporaneous (short preparation time upon receiving the question) and prepared speaking. Groupwork is also high in number: the teacher will give you a situation (e.g. you’ll be selling a product, your house is on fire and you need to call the fire department, ya know… the usual [?]) and you’ll need to propose your solution in the most eloquent and spontaneous way possible. Which means no reading aloud of lines scribbled on your hand with a G-Tec.
Organization and Management
Basically an introduction to the world of business and thus an essential subject for my strand. Points discussed were the nature of management, the firm and its environment, environmental scanning (PEST and SWOT analysis) and the functions of a manager in detail (planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling).
This subject was very detail-heavy so as much as I was willing to learn, I couldn’t avoid being overwhelmed by the number of things we were trying to run through in around sixteen weeks. It also didn’t help that we didn’t have a book to refer to and had literal stacks of photocopied handouts to lug around instead. But I guess by now, your school has a textbook to provide you with and if not, there are some published by Rex Bookstore available in big branches of National Bookstore like in Quezon Avenue. The best thing to do to survive this subject is to read so you can understand all the concepts. Everything discussed is important and the quizzes and quarterly tests you’ll take will require not only what you think it means, but also how you’ll use it IRL
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Potentially one of your favorite subjects, if you’re given the right teacher, since it focuses on the intricacies of our lives as human beings. From the study of humans past and present and the complexity of our cultures (anthropology), we head on to the analysis of government systems and activity (political science) and the nitty-gritty of our development and functions in human society (sociology).
I didn’t have a problem with this step the lessons were comprehensible enough to grasp my attention but just make sure that you exert effort to understand everything! Because even though a chunk of the activities also include matching type, true or false or fill in the blanks, essays are a mainstay. Usually, they’re not based on facts too but on your own personal opinion and the teacher will be able to tell if you don’t have a particular stand or you do yet you fail to back it up with actual evidence, so be sure to find a basis for everything you say.
Unfortunately, all fun and games were over when the second semester rolled in. Our privileges were taken back and our schedule was reverted back to the usual 4:20PM. Thanks to the fact that my busmates never went straight to the bus upon dismissal and liked roaming around the campus, leaving our conductor to search for them like she was in some sort of treasure hunt, I went home at 6:00PM every day. To make matters worse, this just so happened to be the season when the research papers started rolling in, one by one, all poised and ready to kill us ever so slowly. Let me give you another quick recap:
Pagbasa at Pagsuri
Definitely not the kind of “Pagbasa” I was expecting, if I’m being frank. I thought we were going to be reading and analyzing contemporary Filipino literature, which excited me since my knowledge in that genre was close to non-existent. Turns out, we would be looking at different kinds of texts (informative, persuasive, analytical, etc) then finding out how to write them afterwards. There’s a chance you might not experience this unless we go to the same school, but our teacher invented the ADIDS method in order to help us learn this more effectively through application. I forgot what it stands for, but basically all you do is discuss each facet of a very broad topic thoroughly in the form of a well thought out class presentation.
Meanwhile, the research paper takes up one whole semester. Not to sound boastful, but I had thought that I would be able to do this with ease because all I ever do with my life is write I mean I practically came out of my mother’s womb with a pen and paper in hand and I speak more Filipino than English these days seeing as  I spend a bigger portion of my day in school. But, the finished product is often bland and makes use of the same words over and over in a failed attempt to accurately describe what I want to put on paper. And as if that wasn’t bad enough, the topic also had to be narrowed down repeatedly to suit a particular audience, from a specific place within a specific time frame so we ended up doing a research on the effects of Jason Derulo’s songs on the opinions of Grade 11 students from our school in the academic year 2016-2017. Please don’t laugh at us.
You also don’t just write the entire paper, but also be briefed on its parts, their functions and determine what sets them apart from each other, and the specifications in making each of them. Which includes stuff as minuscule as the measurement of the margins, font sizes and types to use et cetera. It’s not that hard though because as you’re working on the paper, you familiarize yourself even more.
Komunikasyon at Pananaliksik
The easiest one I took the entire semester, and for obvious reasons, my favorite. Our teacher was brilliant in the sense that he was well-versed in the subject matter and got work done yet let us watch Train to Busan or Seklusyon on the TV if the schedule permitted. The topics weren’t mind-boggling either: we just covered the history of the Filipino language and communicative skills (which further cemented my belief that this was basically the counterpart of Oral Com). They may be confusing at first but the key is to notice sentence patterns! The number of activities given to us was reasonable and not particularly stress-inducing: just quizzes that were few and far-between, a groupwork and reaction paper for a performance task.
Fundamentals of Accounting
A lot of people are intimidated by the idea of studying Accounting, and I’m not surprised. It’s always described as something that relies on analysis and numbers, two things that we normally don’t excel in at school. But it’s actually nothing to fuss about as long as you do your reading, understand the basic guidelines, practice at home and have a qualified teacher who has the proper training and skill set. The first few chapters don’t even involve computation of any kind yet. You’ll just be acquainted with the very foundation of the subject: the branches of accounting, the users of accounting information, the forms of business organizations and types of businesses. Maybe the most important lessons that you could pick up are the accounting equation (assets = liabilities + equity), types of major accounts and the generally accepted principles because they serve as the rules to follow for making your accounting-related decisions.
Eventually, you’ll make it to business transactions and their analysis, where you’ll be taking a trip around the whole accounting cycle. You’ll have to fill out a journal, ledger and unadjusted trial balance then adjust that trial balance using the adjusting entries normally provided to create your income statement, balance sheet, closing entries and the end goal, the post-closing trial balance. Sounds like a lot of work, but it’s seriously not that difficult if you do your homework! It’s also best to invest in an actual journal and worksheet, instead of solving on sheets of yellow pad that can easily be misplaced.
Statistics and Probability
Stat was weird for me in the sense that our lessons were generally ambiguous unlike what their names insinuated and I seemed to understand everything while it was being discussed but the minute I got home to work on assignments, I found myself staring at a wall until a friend who actually knows what to do goes online on Messenger. Later on, I found out it was because I needed to practice on my own to be familiar with the procedure instead of trying to memorize all the steps when it depends on the type of problem. We covered random variables, probability distributions, normal distributions, sampling, estimation of parameters and hypothesis testing (which was actually quite fun).
If you’re not keeping up to speed with everyone else, please do work on it as early as possible. The lessons here are somewhat connected to each other so if you failed to catch the drift on one of them, it’ll create a chain reaction and by the last topic, you’ll have zero knowledge of how to solve anything. Ask help, preferably from your teacher because not only do they explain it most accurately but it helps them see your initiative to do better, which they take into consideration when computing for your final grade. Do not settle for the exercises found on the book. Make your own, if you’re in the mood to cramp your hand, or turn to websites like The Oxford Math Center for useful worksheets with answer keys.
Contemporary Art
The very bane of my existence. The perfect way to sum up this subject in six words. Art was never my strength, anyone who knows me is aware that I can’t draw to save my life, but it didn’t really have much of a dent on my report card since it happened to be a minor subject. But thanks to the implementation of the new curriculum, it is given a new sense of purpose as a core subject with a weight of O N E. We had dealt with the different periods of Philippine art extensively, the National Artists of the country and different contemporary art forms such as film and the oddly interesting performance art. (Trigger warning for some graphic content though, so do be careful when searching these up!)
Activities ranged from making presentations similar in format to those in Pagbasa at Pagsuri, creating manifestos for the Philippine youth in relation to their role in the art world, holding a class exhibit to display the work you’ve made and my favorite: going on a fieldwork to hunt for contemporary art in the city. All this will lead to the culminating activity: the creation of your very own output, where anything is possible and depends solely on the one calling the shots.
This art class is no longer focusing solely on the physical aspects of a certain work, but also on what it actually means and what its relevance to society actually is. So, a good tip would be to always look at the bigger picture when given something to analyze! It’s hard at first, I admit I didn’t have much to say during the first few meetings but as the floor is opened to more interpretation and intellectual discussion, you’ll get the hang of it and instinctively feel the need to join in.
** We are about to dive in a zone that is fittingly named The Deadly Trio. ** Actually, if these were stand-alone subjects, I’d be fine but the fact that there are three of them in one semester when they’re basically discussing the same things and giving the same ridiculous amount of take home work was enough to drive me up the wall.
Practical Research
As implied by the very name of this subject, the main focus would be the creation of a qualitative practical research paper throughout the entirety of the semester. Discussions here were very minimal, as the teacher thankfully wanted us to focus on getting as much work done in the classroom as possible. I slacked off moderately during her period instead of lessening what I’d have to do at home, and in the end I ultimately suffered. But anyway, topics discussed include the importance of qualitative research, finding a good topic and sources to build it up, reviewing different types of literature, understanding and collecting data and further analyzing it to later on be able to report our findings.
One another thing to look forward to (not in a good way) is the dreaded thesis defense, where your paper will be dissected and closely examined for any possible shortcomings and held against you in front of a panel. It doesn’t always have to be the bane of your existence: as long as you contributed to the making of the project, you’ll know enough that you won’t be humiliated the minute you open your mouth.
A tip to take into consideration is to choose the right groupmates. Unless teachers pre-determine who you end up working with for two straight quarters (in that case, you’ll just have to learn how to accept your fate, whether it is for better or for worse), as much as possible, go for those who are responsible and actually care about their grades. It’s never fun to work with people who send you a montage of copy-pasted statements from Wikipedia pages and pass it off as their “contribution”, go offline Messenger the minute you even think about asking for help and think that printing the paper is a valuable addition to the team.
Reading and Writing
Contrary to what I initially thought, this was not the counterpart of Pagbasa at Pagsuri in the English language and I was thankful in a way because God knows the pain that inflicted upon me. The first quarter starts off quite easy, with critical thinking, fundamental reading skills, selecting and organizing information and critical reading skills. It may sound like a mouthful, but most of these are stuff you’ve picked up long before, without the assistance of a teacher! Some people may find patterns of development a hard topic, but if you read books, I guess identifying them just comes natural to you.
The latter part of this subject is where the ugly stuff goes in. I personally felt deceived into thinking that it would be as simple as our first lessons: identifying and writing the thesis statement and topic statement then it suddenly escalates and turns into SO MUCH ACADEMIC WRITING. When I saw that we were going to be making book reports and article critiques, I shelled out some of my favorite fictional reads and Man Repeller stories of the month only to find out that we’d be reviewing serious, educational material with very specific and strict guidelines to follow to make it as formal and cohesive (and basically not fun) as possible. Research reports, project proposals and position papers will also be in the works at some point: they are very structured and usually have to revolve around topics that are related to your strand, so there is a chance you may find it boring.
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
When I saw I had this for a subject, I was actually glad at first since English has always been my forte. So I was anticipating a repeat tutorial on all parts of speech and the basics of the subject-verb agreement when in reality, all I got was a dupe of Reading and Writing. Which is why, I had no idea why we had to take up both of them during the same semester.
Besides all subjects that required the submission of a research paper as some sort of culmination, this was the most demanding in terms of written output. During the first quarter, it’s still permissible to chill as you’re only going through reading and writing different types of academic texts (does this sound familiar to any of you?) but as the next one rolls along, BOOM. Reaction paper. Reflection paper. (Yes, there is a difference.) Concept paper. ANOTHER position paper. Report.
Now, if you’re already thinking about how you’re going to make it through when your writing is as lifeless and flat as can be (e.g. It is a sunny day, I ate an apple, I need to pee), don’t sweat it. That is exactly what your EAPP teacher will be looking for anyway. Academic texts do not require flowery writing that went through EDSA traffic before getting to the point (which was obviously an inconvenience for me): nobody cares about your opinion unless they say so and even if they do, they’ll probably require a sentence limit.
 Well, that’s a wrap! I spent approximately twelve hours working on this post: one of which was spent on the Kitkat bench in Landmark trying to find a catchy way to start it off, and my eyes hurt and I may be suffering from carpal tunnel but all of that means nothing as long as I’ve been able to guide one hopeless soul out of the dark. I’ll be back with much lighter content very soon if I can factory reset my head and get it to work properly again.
 Stay in school, kids!
Angel
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Paper代写:The influence of shadow banking on economic and financial development
下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The influence of shadow banking on economic and financial development,供大家参考学习,这篇论文讨论了影子银行对经济金融发展的影响。影子银行发展的过程中,经常有负载、资金搭配不合理的状况出现。以负载者角度分析,由于各个商业银行间存在着极度激烈的资金竞争,在监管结构影响下,会使其发展受到较大限制,因此,影子商品表现出了下滑的态势。以资产方角度分析,要想让企业得到更多经济利益,通常影子银行会向融资平台或是房地产中投入资金,该项目存在长期性的特点。在此状况下,一旦遭受特定限制,那么其风险性会进一步放大。现阶段的商业银行普遍使用资金池的模式。要想让资金池稳定运行得到保证,就要强化监督工作,防止由于流动性下降引发的风险。
In recent years, shadow banking in China has developed rapidly, which has affected economic and financial development to some extent. At present, there is no clear standard, regulation and definition of shadow banking, which makes the number and scale of shadow banking unable to be effectively determined and the risk is difficult to control. Because shadow banking is quite controversial, it has received extensive attention from various sectors. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study the influence of shadow banking on economic finance.
There is no accurate definition of the concept of shadow banking in China. According to the definition of the institute of finance of cass, shadow banking is the business between off-balance sheet business and lending of all Banks. China's banking regulatory commission estimated in 2018 that shadow banking had reached 16 trillion yuan, or about 2.6 trillion U.S. dollars. But a number of economic and financial experts say the true figure is much higher. Domestic shadow banking consists of two parts, one is not regulated banking securities activities, is the main representative collections, including financial leasing companies, financial companies, trust companies, such as guarantee of savings to investment business, the second is the folk not regulated financial, is the main representative pawnshops, folk lending, underground Banks, etc. On the whole, shadow banking has a great influence on economy and finance.
In the process of the development of shadow banking in China, there are often situations of unreasonable load and capital allocation. From the perspective of payers, due to the extremely fierce capital competition among commercial Banks, their development will be greatly restricted under the influence of regulatory structure, so shadow commodities show a downward trend. From the perspective of asset side, in order to let enterprises get more economic benefits, shadow Banks usually invest capital into financing platforms or real estate, which has long-term characteristics. In this case, the risk is amplified by a specific restriction. At present, commercial Banks generally use the model of capital pool. In other words, they concentrate different types of financial products together, and then put the funds in financial assets with different risks and different time into a capital pool. If the stable operation of the capital pool is to be guaranteed, supervision should be strengthened to prevent risks caused by the decline in liquidity.
At present, most of the funds of shadow banking in China are developing towards small and medium-sized enterprises with high returns and real estate, so as to effectively improve their economic benefits. Generally speaking, in the relevant economic system dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises, the capital obtained from shadow finance is first used to help the enterprise to obtain a large amount of economic profits, and then to help the enterprise to pay off a large amount of debt, so that it can get fast and good development. At the same time, shadow banking is the provider of funds and can get corresponding economic benefits from it. On this basis, the funds in shadow banking will show normal operation and stable development, with high benefits in each link. , however, some of the real economy enterprises exist many problems, because each are not identical, the problem of different enterprises and existing economy entered the stage of decline, if the enterprise operation is not flexible, the product cannot be sold in time, the consequences will be very serious, these companies can't within the prescribed time will pay high debt, which can lead to capital chain rupture.
Economists have carried out a large number of studies and found that shadow banking is one of the effective supplements in China's financial system, and there are a large number of shadow Banks, which have different degrees of influence on economic and financial development. In the current domestic financial system is not perfect, it is necessary to actively manage shadow banking. To achieve this, the following measures should be taken.
First, a shadow banking regulatory system should be established. By formulating and implementing the supervision and management system of shadow banking, the shadow development in China can be effectively standardized to reduce and avoid the appearance of various illegal operations, so that private finance can develop more reasonably and healthily. Second, the management of shadow banking should be strengthened. Relevant departments should carry out comprehensive and systematic management of shadow banking, have a dynamic and real-time grasp of the development status of shadow banking in China, implement statistics of various contents, and effectively record the number and scale of shadow banking, so that shadow banking can be fully managed. Finally, the development of shadow banking should be guided. Through the analysis of economic and financial development, it is not difficult to see that shadow banking has both positive and negative effects on economic and financial development. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out correct guidance to promote its development. Province, for example, in 2018 the shadow banking showed the problem of uneven development, relevant departments have been analyzed, found that the development of local shadow Banks too fast, and its internal structure and lack of rationality, financial product ratio is too big, make the development of venture capital is not enough, the reason of the problem in a clear, after the province actively guide the shadow banking development towards the direction of the health, prevent the occurrence due to shadow banking internal structure and the risk of shadow banking function get maximum play.
Conclusion: in a word, it is of great significance to study the influence of shadow banking on economy and finance. Relevant personnel to deal with an overview of the current domestic shadow Banks have a comprehensive understanding, recognize the term is not reasonable collocation cause liquidity risk, credit to reduce the economic and financial development, such as shortage of funds is affected by the shadow banking, and through the establishment of the shadow banking supervision system, strengthening the management of the shadow banking, to lead the way such as shadow banking development, to ensure stable, long-term development of domestic shadow Banks.
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jeki2011-blog · 6 years ago
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Economics is a failing discipline doing great harm – so let's rethink it
Andrew Simms
Something is killing conventional economics and it’s probably an inside job. Reliance on abstract mathematics and absurd assumptions has brought the discipline into disrepute, even if politics and policy are guided by the ghosts of its teaching.
Nobody was surprised recently to learn that the price of the overdue and over-budget HS2 high-speed rail project could rise by another £30bn. People were surprised to learn, however, that in the cost-benefit analysis used to justify the original project, planners assumed that no passengers work while on a train. That made the times savings on the new line look more valuable than they really were.
But curiosities like that are nothing compared with the epic, conceptual departures from the real world made by the economics mainstream in recent years. Risk models used by the investment bank Goldman Sachs suggested that the financial crisis of 2007 should have been in effect impossible. And have you ever wondered why privatisation continues in the face of repeated failures from care services to railways, and in spite of pledges to rein them in?
It’s because neoclassical economics has so deeply entrenched the notion that markets are better than all other ways of organising life, that decisions escape rational scrutiny. Academic economists will tell you that their discipline offers a far more complex picture of the world. But, at the policy level, what tilts a spending decision one way or the other is the simple power of the seeming “folk wisdom” that markets are best. It becomes the rule of thumb.
They might look less good if the assumptions on which the equilibrium models that got us here were more widely known. The idea of perfect markets under perfect competition, for example, asks us to believe in a world where everybody knows everything, there are an infinite number of companies, no barriers to setting up a business, where any product can stand in for any other (say, a banana for a tractor) and, crucially, there are no “externalities” (economic speak for “consequences”) from production or consumption.
All models use a few simplifying assumptions, but those underpinning mainstream economics more often distort and detach from reality. It’s one of the reasons why students have rebelled, forming groups to demand that universities take a more pluralistic approach to teaching economics. Katie Kedward left a banking job in the City for ethical reasons and sought a degree that would make sense of economics. Despairing at the unreality of mainstream courses, she found a rare exception: a master’s in ecological economics at the University of Leeds. The course, though, isn’t even taught in the economics department but the School of Earth and Environment. That’s why new groups are emerging to promote heterodox economics, which draws on the insights of the study of complexity, neuro and behavioural science, ecology, feminism and the core economy of family, mutualism and community.
But there’s an awfully long way to go. Late last year, on the day that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its starkest warning yet on the importance of holding global heating below 1.5C, William Nordhaus was awarded economics equivalent of the Nobel prize. Nordhaus is famous for applying conventional economic models to environmental issues. Using his toolkit on climate breakdown, infamously he came to the conclusion that an optimal economic approach would allow warming of at least 3C – the level that climate science shows would cause catastrophic, irreversible change.
For anyone outside economics that might seem bewildering, but the blase disregard of the economy being a wholly owned, and utterly dependent, subsidiary of the biosphere is perfectly symbolic.
Economics has a reputation for being dismal because it seems to delight in making itself confusing and inaccessible. Real progress, and better decision making, is hard to imagine without demystifying the discipline and breaking the singular grip of old school, neoclassical teaching.
For that reason, my colleague David Boyle and I dared to write a beginners’ guide for the complete non-expert. In it we ask some heretical questions that that could get us expelled from most university economics departments, such as: is the price mechanism so clever, or rising productivity always a good thing? We talk about the trouble with growth, and why working less might be better. Our common starting point is that the economy should serve rather than dominate people, and that it must work within planetary ecological boundaries.
Roasted by heatwaves, this year the world went into ecological overshoot on 29 July, the earliest yet. Unless we begin again with economics, understanding and letting go what has gone wrong, and letting more of the real world in, one day soon everything will have fallen apart and nobody will quite know why. But the answer will be: it was the economy, stupid.
• Andrew Simms is co-author with David Boyle of Economics: A Crash Course, published this week
https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/aug/03/economics-global-economy-climate-crisis
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jggjean7050203-blog · 7 years ago
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isaacscrawford · 8 years ago
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Which Is More Efficient: Employer-Sponsored Insurance or Medicaid?
By SAURABH JHA, MD
An old disagreement between Uwe Reinhardt and Sally Pipes in Forbes is a teachable moment. There’s a dearth of confrontational debates in health policy and education is worse off for it.
Crux of the issue is the more efficient system: employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) or Medicaid. Sally Pipes, president of the market-leaning Pacific Research Institute, believes it is ESI. Employers spend 60% less than the government, per person: $3,430 versus $9,130, per person (according to the American Health Policy Institute). Seems like a no brainer.
Pipes credits “consumerist and market-friendly approaches to health insurance��� for the efficiencies. She blames “fraud,” “improper payment,” and “waste” for problems in government-run components of health care.
But Uwe Reinhardt, economist at Princeton, counters that Medicaid appears inefficient because of the risk composition of its enrollees. Put simply, Medicaid recipients are sicker. Sicker patients use more health care resources. Econ 101.
The points of tension in their disagreement are instructive.
Is ESI free market?
The term “consumerist” instinctively appeals to competition and choice, elements we value in free market. However, health care can’t be compared to shopping for single malt in airport duty free, deciding between Talisker 18 and Glenlivet 21.
ESI is hardly an assortment of private units functioning autonomously and competing with each other. ESI has been carved by so many regulations that the government figuratively runs through its veins.
Do you wonder why insurers in ESI don’t surcharge a family with a child with Tetralogy of Fallot? That is increase their premiums astronomically or deny coverage because of a pre-existing condition.
Goodness of heart? No, it’s because of the government.
This means that young fit joggers are subsidizing the costs for the unfortunate child’s complex cardiac surgery. Insurance is redistribution.
Risk adjustment: Comparing apples and oranges
Failure to adjust for comorbidities makes it difficult to make comparisons in quality, value and performance.
Not only are Medicaid enrollees sicker, they are poorer and less empowered. A priori they are a more inefficient group to deal with than the employed middle class.
I’ll hazard a guess that Sovaldi (medication for hepatitis C) won’t increase Microsoft’s health care bill as much as the state of Illinois’. One, of course, would not credit Microsoft’s cost savings to greater efficiency through clever free market insurance design.
However, in policy discussions comparisons between apples and oranges are commonplace.  Life expectancy and infant mortality are used to compare U.S. health care to countries such as Cuba or France, when adjudicators well know, or should know, that there is more nuance. Using metrics which can be affected by social determinants of health is misleading.
Is Medicaid an island?
There are no islands in health care.
It’s important not to make the same logical errors with Medicaid as with ESI.  Medicaid is not an autonomous government unit. Its recipients aren’t sent solely to safety net hospitals. For most parts Medicaid recipients share the same system as folks on ESI; a system which, arguably, has been sculpted by ESI, for better or worse.
This means there’s interdependence between ESI and Medicaid, or between a government-regulated/ government-subsidized system and a government-regulated/ government-funded system.
Interdependence would be suggested by cost shifting, where costs of seeing Medicaid patients are shifted to ESI. Even if there is no convincing evidence of cost shifting, as Reinhardt cautions but Pipes disagrees with the caution, this interdependence is not diminished. Providers, or hospitals, might happily see Medicaid patients knowing they can still enjoy good returns from ESI, without purposely shifting costs to ESI, or other forms of insurance.
Politics, Ideology and Medicaid
Medicaid is more than a system of reimbursing physicians. It has become an ideology. Any criticism of Medicaid leads to the unfortunate conclusion by some well-intentioned individuals that the purpose of critique is to send the poor to workhouses and let them die – de facto eugenics. No rational discussion can be had when people shout “Republican reforms kill.” The mob clouded the judgment of Pontius Pilate – and that was before Twitter.
Good intention does not mean access, though. Medicaid recipients have a problem of access. This is because Medicaid pays providers far too little whilst simultaneously imposing far too much red tape. Poor access is fiercely countered by some policy analysts and their fierce counter is fiercely countered by practicing doctors who actually see patients on Medicaid.
Regardless, paying providers the least when caring for the sickest, poorest and most disenfranchised section of society does no favors to that section of society.
Medicaid pays a cardiologist, with years of training, $25-40 for a consultation to manage a complex patient with multiple comorbidities, on polypharmacy, where the cardiologist must indulge in shared decision making and also ensure the patient adheres to statins.
For comparison, my personal trainer charges me $80. There’s no shared decision making – he tells me to do “burpees” and I must abide or face his wrath.
Serve and volley at the margins
Both Reinhardt and Pipes cite several studies supporting their point of view. One wonders whether policy wonks truly can form opinions solely from evidence since it’s so easy to cite evidence to support one’s prior convictions and subconsciously disregard or criticize the methodology of studies which refute our convictions.
For example, outcomes are often used to adjudicate the efficacy of treatments and healthcare systems, and the same constituency which flags poor outcomes when comparing the US healthcare to Sweden’s asks that these outcomes not be used to assess the efficacy of Medicaid. I agree with them as strongly as I disagreed with their use of life expectancy to judge American healthcare.
Disagreements are common because economics is not a hard science such as physics. It does not so much get us to the objective truth as it does to the action at the margins through methodology that is not as robust as the physical sciences, yielding different results on different occasions.
Who is correct, Reinhardt or Pipes?
In a sense both.
Reinhardt is right. Medicaid recipients are not the same as those enjoying ESI.
Pipes is right. Medicaid has structural issues. It pays physicians too little compared to ESI.
This begs the question which reimbursement corresponds to the fair market price in health care: Medicaid or ESI. We will never know because health care has not operated as a free market, and never will. And ESI does distort the price signals as do mandates and virtually everything else.
But here is the important point: ESI is going nowhere. Neither the most left-leaning Democrat nor the most right-leaning Republican has the courage to rid health care of ESI.
What’s the objective truth? Which system really is more efficient?
The truth lies in the answer to this: Would ESI deliver the level of care enjoyed by ESI recipients with paucity of cost sharing that Medicaid recipients face to Medicaid enrollees at a lower cost than Medicaid?
For Medicaid recipients cost sharing should be zero otherwise it defeats the purpose of a safety net. But remember we want them to have the same level of care as ESI for a true apples-apples comparison.
It’s practically impossible to conduct a randomized controlled trial to answer this question. Nor does empiricism suffice. All quantitative analyses have assumptions. With regards to assumptions I can do no better than paraphrase Groucho Marx: “Those are my assumptions, and if you don’t like them … well I have others.”
Importance of disagreements
The current system does not have many genuine alternatives. Single-payer is out as is a genuine free market. As politicians don’t wish to talk about costs because of political expediency, all we are arguing about is which part of health care has the most administrative cost/ informational loss. This is at best a marginal argument. To resolve this argument I would encourage more dialectic between partial truths.
But if Medicaid truly is a high risk pool, and I believe it is, then it should be treated as the other high risk pool – Medicare. Which means that the poor and sick, the uninsurable, should be covered by the Federal government through general taxation. I would suggest a “Medicare for the Poor” which offers the same benefits as traditional Medicare. This would allow the states to balance their budgets better and concentrate on local infrastructure, such as parks, police and public libraries.
Summary of key points
It’s more cost-efficient treating healthier patients.
Accurate adjustment for comorbidities and social determinants of health is key for any comparisons in health care. This is (never) seldom achieved.
There’s interdependence between employer-sponsored insurance and Medicaid.
No one knows true market prices in health care because it’s not a free market.
Economic analysis yields information about the margins, until the next analysis.
The poor should be covered by the Federal government through general taxation.
About the Author:
Saurabh Jha is a contributing editor to THCB. He can be reached on Twitter @RogueRad
      Article source:The Health Care Blog
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