#radionuclide

[pacifistic-pineapple]

Hanford Nuclear Reservation 1944-1987

Part of the Manhattan Project, the Hanford site is the worlds first full-scale nuclear reactors that generated two thirds of the plutonium generated in the US. The operation resulted in tanks of toxic, radioactive sludge near the banks of the Columbia river, on of Americas largest rivers. Over time, improper storage resulted in leaching of over 60 different radionuclides. Hanford contains 60 percent of the nation’s high-level radioactive waste and is considered by many to be one of North America’s most contaminated nuclear sites.

Potential pathways of uptake for radionuclides in the area are present in sediments, soil, waters, and in the wildlife. While concentration of radionuclides flux in the Columbia River, on average 300,000 curies of activity is discharged per year. Benchmark for radionuclide exposure is 1 rad/year. Biota in the area were measured in 1992 by the DOE's contracted laboratory observed salmon eggs exposed to 0.00443 rad/d, 0.73 rad/d for the highest exposed fish and 1 rad/d for plant eating ducks. Most reproductive effects for adult fish are observed at 0.4 rad/d.

Once its closure in 1987, the Hanford site was placed in the National Priorities list in 1989. In 2003, the Department of Energy made an effort to reclassify all waste at the Hanford site in order to have no oversight by the EPA, states of Washington and Oregon, or by the Yakama Nation. Yakama Nation, the Shoshone-Bannock tribes, and the Snake River Alliance together sued the DOE and won: Courts noted that only Congress has the authority to reclassify waste. Though, in 2019 the DOE “reclassified” the toxic nuclear waste in Hanford’s tanks without any oversight by the U.S. EPA, the state or by the Yakama Nation, contradicting explicit directions of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act passed by Congress in 1982 and violating the Yakama treaty.

Though it is estimated to cost  $240 billion to clean up the site by the US Government Accountability Office, as of 2009 over $100 Billion have been invested in the site to remove/replace leaky storage tanks.

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Table 27.1 gives the half-lives of some naturally occurring and synthetic radioactive nuclei and their modes of decay.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[proteusolm]

It's kind of fun having a special interest in something very complicated which I lack the education background to fully understand. It means there will be more to enjoy learning about it for the forseeable future!

[smbhax]

Fallout from U.S. atmospheric nuclear tests in New Mexico and Nevada (1945-1962)

-- https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2307/2307.11040.pdf

[nuclearmedicinetherapy]

PRRT is a molecular technique in which a radioisotope which is labeled with a small body that actually targets a particular receptor which is known as the somatostatin receptors is used to treat a specific kind of tumor known as a Neuroendocrine Tumor.

[emed123]

Everything you need to know about subspecialties of Radiology

Radiology is the art of interpreting visual information by using very complex equipment creating very complex images. The field of radiology is a lot more complicated than reading an x-ray and determining a problem. Undeniably, radiology is complex and includes several subspecialties to choose from.

The Basics

After completing high school studies, on average, it will take 13 years to become a Radiologist. The 13 years includes completing an undergraduate degree, which usually takes four years, followed by four years of Medical school, then a one-year internship, followed by four years of residency training in Diagnostic Radiology. Additionally, more than 95% of physicians who complete residency always prefer to pursue a Fellowship in radiology sub-specialty. In addition, a minimum of one year of additional training.

Radiology Categories:

Radiology generally falls into 2 categories: Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. Diagnostic radiologists use imaging technologies, such as ultrasounds, CT scans, MRIs, and PET scans to diagnose a patient's health condition. Interventional radiology uses image-guided procedures (angioplasty, ablation, and stent placements) to diagnose and treat various patients' conditions.

Both diagnostic radiology and interventional radiology have further subspecialties. Most of the radiology subspecialties require a one to two-year fellowship completion.

Radiology subspecialty options include the following:

Diagnostic Radiology

A diagnostic radiologist uses x-rays, ultrasound, radionuclides, and electromagnetic radiation to diagnose and treat a patient’s health problems. The required training for diagnostic radiology is five years: one year of clinical training, followed by four years of radiology training.

Interventional Radiology

Interventional radiology (IR) is the most procedure-oriented and fast-paced radiology subspecialty. An incumbent can directly go into an integrated interventional radiology residency after medical school, which is a 6-year path. After completing your radiology residency, you can also do this as a 2-year fellowship.

Procedures in interventional radiology are minimally invasive and can be performed using wires and catheters. Interventional radiology helps you cure cancers, salvage critical limbs, stop life-threatening hemorrhage, and reverse disabling genitourinary conditions through an incision merely centimeters long.

Neuroradiology

Neuroradiology is for those who are highly intellectual, driven by curiosity, and have a great passion for learning. The main job is to diagnose pathologies involving the brain and spinal cord and guide clinical decision-making. Neurological radiology is an interdisciplinary approach to apply radiology in the diagnosis and cure of neurological challenges.

Diagnosing strokes is one such condition, where neuroradiologist deploys his radiology related acumen to diagnose the patient’s condition. If you are interested in more procedural interventions with the brain and spinal cord, you can pursue a neuro-interventional fellowship afterward.

Radiology for Diagnosis and treating Breast cancers

Radiology is applied under the clinical settings to perform mammograms and biopsies on female patients. Radiologists that specialize in treating breast cancers may lead a comfortable career path with occasional night shifts, as there would not be many emergency conditions while treating breast cancer cases.

Pediatric Radiology

Pediatric radiology is strictly for those who enjoy the pathology of pediatrics but not necessarily the clinical aspect. Pediatric radiologists use imaging and interventional procedures related to diagnosing, caring, and managing congenital abnormalities and diseases particular to infants and children. A pediatric radiologist also treats diseases that begin in early childhood and cause impairments in adulthood.

Musculoskeletal Radiology

Musculoskeletal radiologists’ responsibilities revolve around orthopedics and sports medicine in diagnosis and management. As a result, musculoskeletal radiologists will be working side by side with the orthopedic specialists. It’s a highly procedural field, with joint aspirations for diagnosis, joint injections for pain, and kyphoplasties to treat vertebral fractures.

Body Imaging & Body MRI

Body imaging and MRI is the work-horse of radiology and the backbone of the clinic. Radiation oncologists use ionizing radiation and other modalities to treat malignant and benign diseases. Radiation oncologists may also use computed tomography (CT) scans, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hyperthermia (heat) as additional interventions to aid in treatment planning and delivery.  

Summary

Radiology has been a fast-growing field, and it plays a critical role in the health system. The demand for professional radiologists in clinics, hospitals, and physicians' offices is at an all-time high.

With the advent of technology, the demand for radiology will continue to increase and extend its impact on inpatient care – from prevention and diagnosis to treatment and recovery of chronic and acute cancerous diseases. Significance of radiologists will continue to increase in the future. So, choosing a profession as a radiologist will be the best decision ever for all upcoming medical professionals.

[fis-paprikas]

K-40/Ar-40 dating????? congrats to them. Yuri wins <3

[rnmcenterrohtak]

Radionuclide therapy, also known as targeted radiotherapy, is a specialized medical treatment that employs radioactive substances (radionuclides) to selectively deliver radiation to specific diseased tissues within the body. In Rohtak, this advanced form of therapy is offered as part of a comprehensive approach to managing various medical conditions, particularly cancer.

[oncozine]

In this –this episode of the Onco’Zine Brief, Peter Hofland is talking with Dr. Matthias Bucerius. Dr. Bucerius is Vice President and General Manager at MilliporeSigma. He is responsible for Contract Development and Manufacturing Organsation (CDMO) business of the company, leading a fully integrated global team with Manufacturing Operations, Commercial, Marketing & Strategy, Technology & Innovation organizations. The company is helping its clients in developing and manufacturing a variety of products, including antibody-drug conjugates. Antibody-drug conjugates or ADCs are targeted therapies that have opened new ways in targeting diseases like cancer and hematological malignancies. What is unique about ADCs is that they leverage the specific targetability benefits offered by antibodies and combine that with the high potency of small-molecule drugs. This combination makes these agents uniquely targetable therapies. And unlike traditional chemotherapy, these ADCs target tumors by delivering the attached payload to destroy cancer cells while sparing the healthy or normal cells, thereby potentially reducing negative side effects for patients.

[mrunalnerkarblog]

The market opportunities for key players to enter into this market are high owing to less competition and increasing demand for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in the Italy market. Moreover, increasing incidence of cancer in Italy is directly contributing to demand for PRRT therapy. These factors are creating growth opportunities for companies to focus on research and development of new drugs. As per the Italian Association of Medical Oncology’s report, in April 2019, 71,000 new cases were diagnosed with new additional cancer cases.

[sanpdr1994]

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) Market end-user demand, trend, new innovations, global forecast to 2032

This Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy market study offers a comprehensive analysis of the business models, key strategies, and respective market shares of some of the most prominent players in this landscape. Along with an in-depth commentary on the key influencing factors, market statistics in terms of revenues, segment-wise data, region-wise data, and country-wise data are offered in the full study. This study is one of the most comprehensive documentation that captures all the facets of the evolving Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy Prrt market.

Advancement and growing researches in the medical industry leads to a dramatic surge in the availability of new cancer treatment options. Radiation therapies and targeted therapy is showing significant promise in cancer treatment. For example, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) had recently approved the neuroendocrine tumors and projecting significant growth in the cancer treatment market. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is radioisotope or molecular therapy used to treat neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).

Get Sample Report@ https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-10376

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is recommended for the somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic NETs affected patients. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a targeted therapy designed to slow the progression of gastroenteropancreatic NET and limiting radiation exposure to healthy tissue. Lutathera (lutetium Lu 177 Oxodotreotide) was the first drug approved for the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). In September 2017, the European Commission approved Lutathera peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) drug manufactured by Advanced Accelerator Applications S.A. Although, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was approved LUTATHERA in January 2018. Growing clinical trials and development activities to create therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals expected to surge the growth of the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) market over the forecast period.

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) Market: Drivers and Restraints-

Increasing prevalence of the neuroendocrine tumors expected to impel the demand for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) as an increasing number of the patient pool. Establishment of reimbursement policies for Lutathera favors the demand for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). A temporary insurance/billing code was used for the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) till 2018. Moreover, increasing clinical trials for the new radiopharmaceuticals drugs approval for cancer therapy expected to surge the growth of the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) market.

Increasing government and private organizations funding for cancer drugs and therapy development is another major factor expected to propel the growth of the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) market. Moreover, growing manufacturer’s interest in the radiopharmaceutical and cancer market flourish the growth of the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) market. Side effects such as the transient decrease in blood counts, nausea and others associated with PRRT expected to hamper the growth of the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) market.

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) Market: Overview

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) a special type of radiopharmaceutical which injected into the patients’ bloodstream. This radiopeptide travels and binds to neuroendocrine tumor cells and provide a high dose of radiation directly to the cancer cell. Big pharmaceutical market players are focusing to enter in the radiopharmaceutical market. For instance, In October 2017, Novartis AG acquired Advanced Accelerator Applications (AAA) for $3.9 billion to expand oncology portfolio. This acquisition was valuable for Lutathera radiopharmaceutical candidates which were under FDA review in 2018.

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) Market: Region-wise Outlook

North America and Europe region are expected to grebe more than half of the market share for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Increasing clinical trials for radiopharmaceuticals and growing demand for the targeted therapy for cancer are the major factors driving the growth of the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy market in the U.S. and European countries. The Asia pacific peptide receptor radionuclide therapy market expected to grow with significant growth rate as growing demand for advance treatment option and comparatively high prevalence of cancer in India and China.

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) Market: Key Market Participants

Example of some market players participants in global peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) market find across the value chain are Advanced Accelerator Applications (AAA) (Novartis AG) and others.

The research report presents a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, and statistically supported and industry-validated market data. It also contains projections using a suitable set of assumptions and methodologies. The research report provides analysis and information according to market segments such as geographies, application, and industry.

The report covers exhaust analysis on:

Market Segments

Market Dynamics

Market Size

Supply & Demand

Current Trends/Issues/Challenges

Competition & Companies involved

Technology

Value Chain

Regional analysis includes:

North America (U.S., Canada)

Latin America (Mexico. Brazil)

Western Europe (Germany, Italy, France, U.K, Spain)

Eastern Europe (Poland, Russia)

Asia Pacific (India, China ASEAN, Australia & New Zealand)

Japan

Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries, S. Africa, Northern Africa)

The report is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts and industry participants across the value chain. The report provides in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macro-economic indicators and governing factors along with market attractiveness as per segments. The report also maps the qualitative impact of various market factors on market segments and geographies.

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) Market: Segmentation

On the basis of indication, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) market can be segmented as:

Foregut Neuroendocrine Tumors

Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors

Hindgut Neuroendocrine Tumors

On the basis of end user, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) market can be segmented as:

Hospitals

Ambulatory Surgical Centers

Cancer Care Centers

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Report highlights:

Detailed overview of parent market

Changing market dynamics in the industry

In-depth market segmentation

Historical, current and projected market size in terms of volume and value

Recent industry trends and developments

Competitive landscape

Strategies of key players and products offered

Potential and niche segments, geographical regions exhibiting promising growth

A neutral perspective on market performance

Must-have information for market players to sustain and enhance their market footprint

[theproblematicone]

"Radionuclides". That's a new thing to be afraid of!

you know a report is about to get bad when they mention a technicians mass

[proteusolm]

I’ve come back around to the obsessively reading wikipedia pages about nuclear incidents and everything related to radioactivity part of the hyperfixation cycle 

[ohsalome]

It would be intentionally dishonest to say that the Chornobyl Disaster of 1986 was an accident, as official party line stated. According to the nuclear scientists who analyzed the event, not only was it inevitable, but "it was just a matter of time and which power unit that would not withstand the first". The problems were present on every single level - starting from the materials used for the plant, and ending with the work protocols.

The higher-ups at Moscow not only knew that the Chornobyl Nuclear Plant was one of the most dangerous NP in ussr, and that "the radioactive danger of a potential disaster is 60 times than that of Hirosima and Nagasaki" - according to the results of the official KGB investigation; at the moment of the disaster the project managers had reports of at least 29 emergency shutdowns, 9 accidents and 68 key equipment failures that had already happened on the Chornobyl NP. The real number could be much higher but is currently unknown due to many KGB archives remaining classified.

For example:

On September th 9th 1982 at 18:18 during a trial run of the reactor of the first power unit there was a significant release of radioactive substances into the environment. The total activity of beta-emitting radionuclides exceeded natural levels by dozens of times, and in the area of Chystohalivka village, located 5 kilometres from the Chornobyl power plant, the figure was exceeded by hundreds of times. The investigation team found about 20 gross violations in the operation of the power unit. Instead of following the protocol of alerting the civillians and declaring the village a "temporarily contaminated territory", KGB implemented measures to hide the fact of an accident ever happening.

Every report of the KGB investagative teams that we have access to ended the same: taking measures to conceal the very fact of the accident occurence. It came to the absurd situations when the workers were unaware of the fact that the previous shift's team had encountered an emergency situation.

------

Source: The KGB dossier on Chornobyl - from construction to accident

[nuclearmedicinetherapy]

Neuroendocrine Tumors often present with large volume Liver Metastases and because these are relatively Indolent Tumors the patient often does not know that he has a Neuroendocrine Tumors specially those who have non-functioning Neuroendocrine Tumors.

[rnmcenterrohtak]

Radionuclide Therapy in Rohtak

Radionuclide therapy, also known as targeted radiotherapy, is a specialized medical treatment that employs radioactive substances (radionuclides) to selectively deliver radiation to specific diseased tissues within the body. In Rohtak, this advanced form of therapy is offered as part of a comprehensive approach to managing various medical conditions, particularly cancer.