#römisch germanisches zentralmuseum

[dijetemjeseca]

[a-german-town-every-week]

Mainz

Mainz ist eine Stadt in Rheinland-Pfalz. Es hat etwa zweihundertzwanzigtausend Einwohner und ist auch die Landeshauptstadt. Die Stadt befindet sich im Rhein-Main-Gebiet, das ungefähr fünf Millionen achthunderttausend Leute hat, und gegenüber der Stadt Wiesbaden. Mainz wurde von den Römern gegründet, und im Mittelalter hat die Stadt eine große und wichtige jüdische Population. Es wurde im Zweiten Weltkrieg schwerlich zerstört aber wurde später wiederhergestellt. Die Mainzer Fastnacht ist ein riesiges und berühmtes Ereignis - Mainz ist ein Zentrum für die rheinische Fastnachttradition. Es ist auch eine wichtige Stadt für Transport und Handel in Süddeutschland. Mainz hat viele Sehenswürdigkeiten, zum Beispiel der Mainze Dom, der Marktplatz, die Neue Synagoge, der Judensand, das Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, und das Deutschhaus, das der Sitz des Landtags von Rheinland-Pfalz ist. Johannes Gutenberg, der die Druckerpresse erfunden hat, wurde in Mainz geboren.

[blueiscoool]

Ancient Roman Fort with Wooden Spikes Discovered in Germany

The fort was used to protect there silver mines, but 19th-century archaeologists struck the motherlode.

For the first time, archaeologists have discovered wooden defenses surrounding an ancient Roman military base. The fence topped with sharpened wooden stakes, akin to today’s barbed wire, is the kind of fortification known to have existed from ancient writings—including by Caesar—but no surviving examples had previously been found.

The intimidating defense measures are located in what is now the town of Bad Ems in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Excavations on the site began after a local hunter, Jürgen Eigenbrod, noticed faint markings on the ground in a field in 2016. The differences in color in sections of the grain, it turned out, were caused by the remnants of ditches dug by the Romans.

Using geomagnetic prospecting, archaeologists have since discovered evidence of no fewer than 40 towers at the site, as well as a smaller camp, on opposite sides of the valley. The area appears to have only served as a camp for a couple of years before burning down, reports Frankfurt’s Goethe University.

It appears that the ancient Romans were tunneling into the earth, searching for deposits of silver. At first, archaeologists believed that fire remains and melted slag were evidence that the Romans had set up a smelting works to process silver ore.

But the writings of the ancient historian Tacitus reveal that the Roman governor Curtius Rufus’s efforts to mine silver in the area failed in the year 47 A.D. Expecting untold riches, the Romans had set up a heavily fortified base manned by military troops—which explains the barbed wire-like defenses, meant to deter sudden raids.

Unfortunately for them, a rich vein of the precious metal would not be unearthed in the area until millennia later, during archaeological excavations in 1897. There was enough silver there that Romans could have continued mining operations for two centuries—if they had only kept digging.

The remains of the ancient fire, it would seem, came from a watch tower, not a profitable smelting works.

These futile ancient efforts make for a fascinating story—Frederic Auth, the leader of the excavations since 2019, won first prize for his account of the history of the site at the 2022 Wiesbaden Science Slam.

Research and excavations are slated to continue, ledby Markus Scholz, a professor of archaeology and ancient Roman history of Roman at Goethe University; archaeologist Daniel Burger-Völlmecke, and Peter Henrich of the General Directorate for Cultural Heritage in Rhineland-Palatinate. Meanwhile, the ancient wooden spikes are now at the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum in Mainz.

[tailybone]

Cernunnos - Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz  Gaulish God associated with death, liminality, and wealth

[unitedugarit]

‏‎_ #آلة_نشر_بدائية : من السهل علينا في عصرنا هذا الإعتقاد بأنّ #الآلات المستعملة لغرض #قطع #الكتل ضمن مجال #صناعة_الحجارة هي ابتكارات حديثة، كما أنه نادراً ما نتوقف للتفكير فيما كان يتبعه أسلافنا من طرق لنشر الحجارة ومعالجتها، فمن يهمه الأمر يا ترى؟ ولا ريب في أنّ أغلب الظن يؤدي للتفكير في أنّهم كانوا يستعملون #أدوات بدائيّة بسيطة. على العكس! ففي سنة 2005 تم إكتشاف آلتا نشر قديمتان مشابهتان للآلات المستعملة في عصرنا هذا. وقد تم العثور على #الآلة الأولي في #هيرابوليس ويعتقد أنها تعود إلى ما بين سنة 200 و 300 م. أما الآلة الثانية فقد عُثر عليها في #أفسس، ويرجح أنها تعود إلى ما بين سنة 600 و 700م. وقد تم اكتشافها ما بين #آثار #مصنع للرخام إلى جانب العديد من بقايا الحجارة المقطوعة، ويقع مصنع أفسس وسط مدينة مزدهرة أسست في نحو سنة 1000 م. (وقد تم إكتشاف آلة ثالثة في مدينة #جرش الأردنية يعود قدمها إلى نفس عهد آلة النشر المكتشفة في أفسس). إعادة تركيب الآلتين : لقد تبيّن من خلال نحت نافر يوجد على ناووس يعود إلى أواخر القرن الثاني تم اكتشافه في هيرابوليس (فريجيا، تركيا) ملك أميانوس، صاحب معمل للرخام، وجود تقنيات تقوم على استعمال آلة نشر الحجارة تشتغل بالماء. وهو أقدم برهان عن وجود آلة #النشر في عهد الرومان. وتقوم الآلة على نظام عمود مرفقي وأعمدة الربط، وكان يعتقد إلى حد هذا الإكتشاف أن هذا #النظام يعود إلى العصور الوسطى. ومن خلال هذا النظام تتحوّل حركة الدولاب الدائريّة إلى حركة خطيّة متبادلة تسمح بانتاج #ألواح #الرخام بالجملة. وتبين بقايا آلة أفسس (القرن السادس والسابع ميلادي) والتي تعد على العديد من أسلحة النشر أنّ نظام الآلات قد تحسن وتطوّر منذ العهد الذي تم فيه تصميم آلة هيرابوليس. ولا تزال طريقة تركيب أسلحة النشر كذلك طريقة عملها في قطع الكتل محل نقاش بين العلماء المختصين. بقايا آلة النشر التي تشتغل بالماء والتي تم العثور عليها في حالة جيدة بمنشرة هانغاوس 2 في افسس والتي تم صنعها باستعمال قطع صغيرة من الخشب تم اكتشافها في ثمانينات القرن الماضي. وفي سنة 2006 قام فريتز مانغارتز من المتحف المركزي للآثار الرومانية الجرمانية Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum بألمانيا، بنشر أنموذج عنها من خلال إعادة بناء تقوم على بحث معمق بالمنطقة. وقد تبين من النشر الإختباري الذي توّج بالنجاح بلوغ عمق في النشر بقدر 10 سم وتقدم 6.75 مم /الساعة، هذا يعني ما يقارب 19.000 مم² في الساعة. ويقدّر مانغارتز أنّ بإمكان عامل يعمل خلال 12 ساعة في اليوم أن ينتج 330 م² من الألواح في السنة. 💖‎‏ https://www.instagram.com/p/CF4q3i9nUHz/?igshid=w8jh5enr3kak

[egyptology-misr]

Gold Mask of Tutankhamun Probably the most famous artifact in the world, the 11 kg death mask of pharaoh Tutankhamun was restored in 2015. The work is more than just the careful repair of a 3300 year old death mask. In August 2014, cleaning staff in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo mishandled. They accidentally knocked off the beard of Tutankhamun’s death mask. In no time at all, they glued the separated beard back on with an insoluble epoxy resin ( also known as superglue ). This was not a good idea, as it later turned out: “ They didn’t reattach the beard in its original position, the beard tilted slightly to the left side,” explains Christian Eckmann. The German is a recognized restorer from the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, an archaeological research institute in Mainz.He was commissioned by the Cairo Museum to restore the death mask. It was feared that the valuable artefact had been irreparably damaged with the dilettante glue. Eckmann calmed the minds and said that the damage could be repaired. “ The beard was not only damaged during the work, but it was already damaged when Howard Carter found the mask,” Eckmann says. “ After the excavation, when the mask was brought to the museum, they had not reattached the beard to the mask - until 1946.” Nicholas Reeves then claims that Tutankhamun’s grave mask and many other treasures of the tomb were originally made for the queen and only later manipulated, namely when the king died unexpectedly young. Since 2001, research has suggested that it may originally have been intended for Queen Neferneferuaten; her royal name ( Ankhkheperure ) was found in a partly erased cartouche on the inside of the mask. Anyway, the mask originally consisted of two parts. Matchings with the faces of Nefertiti and Tutankhamun speak clearly for an adaptation of the mask for Nefertiti ! The Egyptologist Chris Naughton, Director for The Egypt Exploration Society, tries to clarify the situation. The mask is 54 cm ( 21 in ) tall, 39.3 cm ( 15.5 in ) wide and 49 cm ( 19 in ) deep. It is fashioned from two layers of high-karat gold, varying from 1.5–3 mm ( 0.059–0.118 in ) in thickness, and weighing 10.23 kg ( 22.6 lb ). #egyptology (at Egypt) https://www.instagram.com/p/CEiD_BvFuMg/?igshid=170ka6v1j11b

[ancientegyptianjewellery]

😍🇪🇬🌷photos exclusively for our page😍🇪🇬 @ancientegyptianjewellery Gold Mask of Tutankhamun Probably the most famous artifact in the world, the 11 kg death mask of pharaoh Tutankhamun was restored in 2015. The work is more than just the careful repair of a 3300 year old death mask.  In August 2014, cleaning staff in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo mishandled. They accidentally knocked off the beard of Tutankhamun’s death mask. In no time at all, they glued the separated beard back on with an insoluble epoxy resin ( also known as superglue ). This was not a good idea, as it later turned out: “ They didn’t reattach the beard in its original position, the beard tilted slightly to the left side,” explains Christian Eckmann.  The German is a recognized restorer from the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, an archaeological research institute in Mainz.He was commissioned by the Cairo Museum to restore the death mask. It was feared that the valuable artefact had been irreparably damaged with the dilettante glue. Eckmann calmed the minds and said that the damage could be repaired. “ The beard was not only damaged during the work, but it was already damaged when Howard Carter found the mask,” Eckmann says. “ After the excavation, when the mask was brought to the museum, they had not reattached the beard to the mask - until 1946.” Nicholas Reeves then claims that Tutankhamun’s grave mask and many other treasures of the tomb were originally made for the queen and only later manipulated, namely when the king died unexpectedly young. Since 2001, research has suggested that it may originally have been intended for Queen Neferneferuaten; her royal name ( Ankhkheperure ) was found in a partly erased cartouche on the inside of the mask. Anyway, the mask originally consisted of two parts. Matchings with the faces of Nefertiti and Tutankhamun speak clearly for an adaptation of the mask for Nefertiti ! The Egyptologist Chris Naughton, Director for The Egypt Exploration Society, tries to clarify the situation. The mask is 54 cm ( 21 in ) tall, 39.3 cm ( 15.5 in ) wide and 49 cm ( 19 in ) deep. It is fashioned from two layers of high-karat gold, varying from 1.5–3 mm ( 0.059– (at Egyptian Museum) https://www.instagram.com/p/CCJtkKjh11x/?igshid=kqnr8vk9snwt

[sciencespies]

300,000-Year-Old Stick Suggests Human Ancestors Were Skilled Hunters

https://sciencespies.com/news/300000-year-old-stick-suggests-human-ancestors-were-skilled-hunters/

300,000-Year-Old Stick Suggests Human Ancestors Were Skilled Hunters

A recently unearthed, 300,000-year-old wooden stick may have once been thrown by extinct human ancestors hunting wild game, according to new research.

On the surface, the find—a short, pointy piece of brown wood loosed from the mud—sounds drab.

“It’s a stick, sure,” Jordi Serangeli, an archaeologist at the University of Tübingen and co-author of the study, tells the New York Times’ Nicholas St. Fleur. But calling it “just a stick,” he says, would be like calling humanity’s first step on the moon “only dirt with a print.”

As the researchers report in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution, the ancient wood was likely a throwing stick used by either Neanderthals or their even more ancient relatives, Homo heidelbergensis, to kill quarry like waterfowl and rabbits.

Archaeologists found the roughly two-foot long, half-pound throwing stick while conducting excavations in Schöningen, Germany, in 2016. To date, the site has yielded a trove of prehistoric weapons, including wooden spears and javelins thought to be the oldest ever discovered. This latest find adds to the ancient arsenal unearthed at Schöningen—and underscores the sophistication of early hominins as hunters and toolmakers.

“We can show that already 300,000 years ago, not only are these late Homo heidelbergensis or very early Neanderthals at the top of the food chain,” Nicholas Conard, an archaeologist at University of Tübingen and the study’s lead author, tells the Times, “but they also have a whole range of important technological skills they can use to make sure they can feed themselves and lead their lives.”

Schöningen is unique among archaeological sites in its ability to preserve wooden objects, which typically rot as millennia pass. Because the site was once a lake shore, its muddy sediment formed an airtight seal around wood and bone, protecting the materials from degradation. Tools made of bone, as well as the butchered remains of horses, have also been excavated at Schöningen.

The throwing stick in situ at the time of discovery

(Alexander Gonschior / University of Tübingen)

When the researchers unearthed the stick at the center of the new paper, they realized it bore a resemblance to a 1994 find alternatively interpreted as a child’s spear, a tool for scraping bark and a root digger, according to the Times.

Veerle Rots, a paleoarchaeologist at the University of Liège of Belgium, decided to take a closer look. Both ends of the stick are pointed, which could suggest use as a small spear, but as Rots tells the Times, that wasn’t the case here.

“Throwing sticks are pointed at both ends, but that’s actually for the flight trajectory, it’s not for piercing,” she says.

Analysis conducted by Rots revealed damage from apparent impacts similar to the kind seen on other throwing sticks.

“They are effective weapons at diverse distances and can be used to kill or wound birds or rabbits or to drive larger game, such as the horses that were killed and butchered in large numbers in the Schöningen lakeshore,” explains Serangeli in a statement.

Annemieke Milks, a paleoarchaeologist from University College London who wasn’t involved in the study, tells the Times that the finding “helps us to build a picture of the diversity of hunting technologies available to Eurasian Middle Pleistocene hominins.”

But Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser, a paleoarchaeologist at Germany’s Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum who wasn’t involved in the study, tells the Times that the wooden tool may not be a throwing stick. She says the scars near the object’s center are not what she would expect to see in throwing sticks, which she argues tend to concentrate damage near their tips.

Rots disagrees, per the Times, and her team plans to conduct tests aimed at proving that throwing sticks accumulate damage along their entire length.

Past experiments have shown that throwing sticks of roughly this size can reach speeds of 98 feet per second and perform effectively from upward of 300 feet away, depending on the skill and strength of the thrower.

#News

[capjuby]

I am a researcher and part of the Viking Phenomenon research project. I studied at the Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, and presented a PhD thesis in 2006 on the Birka Warrior – the material culture of a martial society. With a background in field archaeology and as senior curator at the Swedish History Museum (SHM) I have held research fellowships at SHM, Stockholm University and the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum (RGZM) in Mainz. Previous research projects have focused on warfare, identities, mobility and material culture in Late Iron Age – Viking Age societies. Most recently I was part of the interdisciplinary ATLAS-project aiming at unravelling human prehistory within present day Sweden by combining archaeology, physical anthropology and genetics.

Within the Viking Phenomenon I coordinate work in the sub-project Viking Economics aiming at exploring the economy and organisation of Viking raids and their impact when shaping Scandinavian identities. Key issues relate to how the raids were structured, including comparative studies on piracy, what role women played and the importance of slave-taking and trafficking, both when raiding and in society at large. I will also further develop my own research on the movements along the eastern trade routes and the contacts between Scandinavians and various groups of the Eurasian steppe.

[taunuswolf]

“ZU  HAUF  PATRIOTEN  VORS SCHLOSS!” vors Mainzer Schloss!

Am Sonntag 17. Juni mit der „Leine des Grauens“ Flagge zeigen für ein neues, sicheres und freies unzensiertes Deutschland

„Beweg was Deutschland“ Ausrichter der medial sehr wirksamen, wenn auch von der Presse verzerrt und entstellt widergegeben Trauerkundgebung für Susanna, lädt am Sonntag 17. Juni 13 Uhr alle zum Helmut Kohl Platz ein, die nicht mehr zusehen wollen, wie unser Land zu einem Schlachthaus unschuldiger Menschen und Tummelplatz für Dschihadisten, Mörder, Vergewaltiger und Messerstecher wird. Dazu wird wieder „Die Leine des Grauens“ aufgespannt, die allein in dieser Woche um mehrere Meter länger geworden ist. Allein durch vier Morde und sechzehn Vergewaltigungen. Über diese aktuellen scheußlichen Verbrechen durch „Merkels Gäste“ wird wie auch beim letzten Mal Robert V. nähere Informationen bereitstellen. Auch der feurige, mitreißende Redner Andreas Z. ist wieder dabei. Er berichtet über den Zensurstaat und die erdrückende Pressezensur.  Ein Thema, das auch die Hambacher Patrioten 1832 vors Schloss brachte. In diesem Sinne kann der Protest-Platz der Patrioten von 2018 vor dem ehemaligen kurfürstlichen Schloss – heute Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum – nicht besser gewählt sein. Ernst K. wird etwas zu Europa sagen und Hans W. ein Blick in die Zukunft Deutschlands 2025 werfen, die alles andere als rosig aussieht. Die Veranstaltung nicht weit entfernt vom Public-Viewing endet gegen 15 Uhr und wird von Thomas G. und Nico M. moderiert.

Nachfolgend das sehenswerte Video zum Tag der Patrioten, der nicht nur in Mainz, sondern auch in vielen anderen Städten stattfindet, getragen von einer Bewegung, die wie HAMBACH weder rassistisch, noch nationalistisch ist, sondern patriotisch. Die auch von Einwanderern und Migranten getragen wird, die sich mit Deutschland und seiner Kultur identifizieren. Wie dieser Film anschaulich beweist:      

  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fP4zNxGf-ko&t=12s

 Fast genau das gleiche verkündeten die Patrioten 1832 in folgendem Lied:

 „Drum! Lasst uns all zusammenhalten,

in einen festen Bund verwebt,

lasst Ordnung und Gesetze walten -

und wo sich so ein Volk erhebt,

da splittern alle Machtgewalten

DAS IST DER DEUTSCHE MAI“  

[egyptology-misr]

Gold Mask of Tutankhamun Probably the most famous artifact in the world, the 11 kg death mask of pharaoh Tutankhamun was restored in 2015. The work is more than just the careful repair of a 3300 year old death mask.  In August 2014, cleaning staff in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo mishandled. They accidentally knocked off the beard of Tutankhamun’s death mask. In no time at all, they glued the separated beard back on with an insoluble epoxy resin ( also known as superglue ). This was not a good idea, as it later turned out: “ They didn’t reattach the beard in its original position, the beard tilted slightly to the left side,” explains Christian Eckmann.  The German is a recognized restorer from the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, an archaeological research institute in Mainz.He was commissioned by the Cairo Museum to restore the death mask. It was feared that the valuable artefact had been irreparably damaged with the dilettante glue. Eckmann calmed the minds and said that the damage could be repaired. “ The beard was not only damaged during the work, but it was already damaged when Howard Carter found the mask,” Eckmann says. “ After the excavation, when the mask was brought to the museum, they had not reattached the beard to the mask - until 1946.” Nicholas Reeves then claims that Tutankhamun’s grave mask and many other treasures of the tomb were originally made for the queen and only later manipulated, namely when the king died unexpectedly young. Since 2001, research has suggested that it may originally have been intended for Queen Neferneferuaten; her royal name ( Ankhkheperure ) was found in a partly erased cartouche on the inside of the mask. Anyway, the mask originally consisted of two parts. Matchings with the faces of Nefertiti and Tutankhamun speak clearly for an adaptation of the mask for Nefertiti ! The Egyptologist Chris Naughton, Director for The Egypt Exploration Society, tries to clarify the situation. #egyptology_misr #Egypte #Agypten #Egipt #Egipto #Egitto #Египет #مصر #मिस्र #エジプト #埃及 #Egypten #Visit_Egypt #discover_Egypt #Experience_Egypt #diving  #socialmedia #egypt #iloveegypt #luxor #karnak #mylifesamovie #mylifesatravelmovie #trave (at Egypt) https://www.instagram.com/p/CBRRRlslXfx/?igshid=q7af6dbkkn1q