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« Serotonine » dans la première sélection de l’International Booker Prize 2020

Par Nicolas Turcev, le 27.02.2020 à 13h15 (mis à jour le 28.02.2020 à 10h59) Prix littéraire

Michel Houellebecq – Photo PHILIPPE MATSAS/FLAMMARION

Le roman de Michel Houellebecq pourrait faire figure de favori pour remporter ce prix qui récompense à parts égales écrivain et traducteur.

L’International Booker Prize a révélé, jeudi 27 février, la première sélection de son édition 2020. Sérotonine de Michel Houellebecq (Flammarion) fait partie des 13 ouvrages pressentis pour recevoir ce prix qui distingue chaque année un roman traduit en anglais et publié au Royaume-Uni. L’auteur et le traducteur sont récompensés à parts égales, sur la base d’une dotation de 50000 livres (58800 euros). Au total, 11 pays et 8 langages sont représentés. Sérotonine, traduit en anglais par Shaun Whitesite et publié par William Heinemann au Royaume-Uni, figure aux côtés d’un autre ouvrage français, Un renard à mains nues, d’Emmanuelle Pagano, publié en France par POL et par Peirene Press Outre-Manche, dans une traduction de Sophie Lewis et Jennifer Higgins. Cinq romans étrangers sélectionnés sont parus ou vont paraître en France : La huitième vie : pour Brilka de Nino Haratischvili (Piranha, 2017, traduit de l’allemand par Barbara Fontaine et Monique Rival), Le roman de Tyll Ulespiègle de Daniel Kehlmann (Actes Sud, 2020, traduit de l’allemand par Juliette Aubert), La saison des ouragans de Fernanda Melchor (Grasset, 2019, traduit de l’espagnol par Laura Alcoba), Qui sème le vent de Marieke Lucas Rijneveld (Buchet Chastel, 16 avril 2020, traduit du néerlandais par Daniel Cunin) et Mac et son contretemps d’Enrique Vila-Matas (Bourgois, 2017, traduit de l’espagnol par André Gabastou). Quatre autres auteurs retenus dans cette première sélection ont déjà été publiés en France : la Japonaise Yoko Ogawa, dont l’œuvre est disponible chez Actes Sud, l’Argentine Samanta Schweblin, déjà parue chez Gallimard et au Seuil, Gabriela Cabezon Camara, qui sera bientôt éditée chez l’Ogre (Pleines de grâce, 19 mars 2020, traduit de l’espagnol par Guillaume Contré) ainsi que Jon Fosse, présent au répertoire de l’Arche. Les finalistes seront dévoilés le 2 avril prochain, avant l’annonce du lauréat le 19 mai. Ce dernier succédera à l’Omanaise Jokha Alharthi, distinguée l’an dernier pour Celestial Bodies (Editions Sandstone). La liste des romans sélectionnés pour l’International Booker Prize

Red Dog (Pushkin Press) de Willem Anker, traduit par Michiel Heyns

The Enlightenment of The Greengage Tree de Shokoofeh Azar, traducteur anonyme, Europa Editions

The Adventures of China Iron de Gabriela Cabezón Cámara, traduit par Fiona Mackintosh et Iona Macintyre, Charco Press

The Other Name: Septology I – II de Jon Fosse, traduit par Damion Searls, Fitzcarraldo Editions

The Eighth Life (La huitième vie : pour Brilka) de Nino Haratischvili, traduit par Charlotte Collins et Ruth Martin, Scribe UK

Serotonin (Sérotonine) de Michel Houellebecq, traduit par Shaun Whiteside, William Heinemann

Tyll (Le roman de Tyll Ulespiègle) de Daniel Kehlmann, traduit par Ross Benjamin, Quercus

Hurricane Season (La saison des ouragans) de Fernanda Melchor, traduit par Sophie Hughes, Fitzcarraldo Editions

The Memory Police de Yoko Ogawa, traduit par Stephen Snyder, Harvill Secker

Faces on the Tip of My Tongue (Un renard à mains nues) d’Emmanuelle Pagano, traduit par Sophie Lewis et Jennifer Higgins, Pereine Press

The Discomfort of Evening (Qui sème le vent) de Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, traduit par Michele Hutchison, Faber

Little Eyes de Samanta Schweblin, traduit par Megan McDowell, Oneworld

Mac and His Problems (Mac et son contretemps) d’Enrique Vila-Matas, traduit par Sophie Hughes et Margaret Jull Costa, Harvill Secker

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Auteurs cités (10)

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siva3155 · 5 years ago

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300+ TOP JAVASCRIPT Interview Questions and Answers

JAVA SCRIPT Interview Questions for freshers experienced :

1. What is JavaScript? JavaScript is a platform-independent,event-driven, interpreted client-side scripting and programming language developed by Netscape Communications Corp. and Sun Microsystems. 2. How is JavaScript different from Java? JavaScript was developed by Brendan Eich of Netscape; Java was developed at Sun Microsystems. While the two languages share some common syntax, they were developed independently of each other and for different audiences. Java is a full-fledged programming language tailored for network computing; it includes hundreds of its own objects, including objects for creating user interfaces that appear in Java applets (in Web browsers) or standalone Java applications. In contrast, JavaScript relies on whatever environment it’s operating in for the user interface, such as a Web document’s form elements. JavaScript was initially called LiveScript at Netscape while it was under development. A licensing deal between Netscape and Sun at the last minute let Netscape plug the “Java” name into the name of its scripting language. Programmers use entirely different tools for Java and JavaScript. It is also not uncommon for a programmer of one language to be ignorant of the other. The two languages don’t rely on each other and are intended for different purposes. In some ways, the “Java” name on JavaScript has confused the world’s understanding of the differences between the two. On the other hand, JavaScript is much easier to learn than Java and can offer a gentle introduction for newcomers who want to graduate to Java and the kinds of applications you can develop with it. 3. What’s relationship between JavaScript and ECMAScript? ECMAScript is yet another name for JavaScript (other names include LiveScript). The current JavaScript that you see supported in browsers is ECMAScript revision 3. 4. How do you submit a form using Javascript? Use document.forms.submit(); (0 refers to the index of the form – if you have more than one form in a page, then the first one has the index 0, second has index 1 and so on). 5. How do we get JavaScript onto a web page? You can use several different methods of placing javascript in you pages. You can directly add a script element inside the body of page. 1. For example, to add the “last updated line” to your pages, In your page text, add the following: blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. yada, yada, yada. (Note: the first comment, “” finishes the comment. The “//” tells javascript that this is a comment so javascript doesn’t try to interpret the “–>”. If your audience has much older browsers, you should put this comments inside your javascript. If most of your audience has newer browsers, the comments can be omitted. For brevity, in most examples here the comments are not shown. ) The above code will look like this on Javascript enabled browsers, 2. Javascript can be placed inside the element Functions and global variables typically reside inside the element. Default Test Page var myVar = “”; function timer(){setTimeout(‘restart()’,10);} document.onload=timer(); 3. Javascript can be referenced from a separate file Javascript may also a placed in a separate file on the server and referenced from an HTML page. (Don’t use the shorthand ending “). These are typically placed in the element. 6. How to read and write a file using javascript? I/O operations like reading or writing a file is not possible with client-side javascript. However , this can be done by coding a Java applet that reads files for the script. 7. How to detect the operating system on the client machine? In order to detect the operating system on the client machine, the navigator.appVersion string (property) should be used. 8. How can JavaScript make a Web site easier to use? That is, are there certain JavaScript techniques that make it easier for people to use a Web site? JavaScript’s greatest potential gift to a Web site is that scripts can make the page more immediately interactive, that is, interactive without having to submit every little thing to the server for a server program to re-render the page and send it back to the client. For example, consider a top-level navigation panel that has, say, six primary image map links into subsections of the Web site. With only a little bit of scripting, each map area can be instructed to pop up a more detailed list of links to the contents within a subsection whenever the user rolls the cursor atop a map area. With the help of that popup list of links, the user with a scriptable browser can bypass one intermediate menu page. The user without a scriptable browser (or who has disabled JavaScript) will have to drill down through a more traditional and time-consuming path to the desired content. 9. How can JavaScript be used to improve the “look and feel” of a Web site? By the same token, how can JavaScript be used to improve the user interface? On their own, Web pages tend to be lifeless and flat unless you add animated images or more bandwidth-intensive content such as Java applets or other content requiring plug-ins to operate (ShockWave and Flash, for example). Embedding JavaScript into an HTML page can bring the page to life in any number of ways. Perhaps the most visible features built into pages recently with the help of JavaScript are the so-called image rollovers: roll the cursor atop a graphic image and its appearance changes to a highlighted version as a feedback mechanism to let you know precisely what you’re about to click on. But there are less visible yet more powerful enhancements to pages that JavaScript offers. Interactive forms validation is an extremely useful application of JavaScript. While a user is entering data into form fields, scripts can examine the validity of the data–did the user type any letters into a phone number field?, for instance. Without scripting, the user has to submit the form and let a server program (CGI) check the field entry and then report back to the user. This is usually done in a batch mode (the entire form at once), and the extra transactions take a lot of time and server processing power. Interactive validation scripts can check each form field immediately after the user has entered the data, while the information is fresh in the mind. Another helpful example is embedding small data collections into a document that scripts can look up without having to do all the server programming for database access. For instance, a small company could put its entire employee directory on a page that has its own search facility built into the script. You can cram a lot of text data into scripts no larger than an average image file, so it’s not like the user has to wait forever for the data to be downloaded. Other examples abound, such as interactive tree-structure tables of contents. More modern scriptable browsers can be scripted to pre-cache images during the page’s initial download to make them appear lickety-split when needed for image swapping. I’ve even written some multi-screen interactive applications that run entirely on the client, and never talk to the server once everything is downloaded. 10. What are JavaScript types? Number, String, Boolean, Function, Object, Null, Undefined.

JAVASCRIPT Interview Questions 11. How do you convert numbers between different bases in JavaScript? Use the parseInt() function, that takes a string as the first parameter, and the base as a second parameter. So to convert hexadecimal 3F to decimal, use parseInt (“3F”, 16); 12. How to create arrays in JavaScript? We can declare an array like this var scripts = new Array(); We can add elements to this array like this scripts = “PHP”; scripts = “ASP”; scripts = “JavaScript”; scripts = “HTML”; Now our array scrips has 4 elements inside it and we can print or access them by using their index number. Note that index number starts from 0. To get the third element of the array we have to use the index number 2 . Here is the way to get the third element of an array. document.write(scripts); We also can create an array like this var no_array = new Array(21, 22, 23, 24, 25); 13. How do you target a specific frame from a hyperlink? Include the name of the frame in the target attribute of the hyperlink. >My Page 14. What is a fixed-width table and its advantages? Fixed width tables are rendered by the browser based on the widths of the columns in the first row, resulting in a faster display in case of large tables. Use the CSS style table-layout:fixed to specify a fixed width table. If the table is not specified to be of fixed width, the browser has to wait till all data is downloaded and then infer the best width for each of the columns. This process can be very slow for large tables. 15. Example of using Regular Expressions for syntax checking in JavaScript … var re = new RegExp(“^(&{1,}={1,})*$”); var text = myWidget.value; var OK = re.test(text); if( ! OK ) { alert(“The extra parameters need some work.\r\n Should be something like: \”&a=1&c=4\””); } 16. How to add Buttons in JavaScript? The most basic and ancient use of buttons are the “submit” and “clear”, which appear slightly before the Pleistocene period. Notice when the “GO!” button is pressed it submits itself to itself and appends the name in the URL. Your Name: Another useful approach is to set the “type” to “button” and use the “onclick” event. function displayHero(button) { alert(“Your hero is \””+button.value+”\”.”); } Select a Hero 17. Where are cookies actually stored on the hard disk? This depends on the user’s browser and OS. In the case of Netscape with Windows OS,all the cookies are stored in a single file called cookies.txt c:\Program Files\Netscape\Users\username\cookies.txt In the case of IE,each cookie is stored in a separate file namely [email protected]. c:\Windows\Cookies\[email protected] 18. What can javascript programs do? Generation of HTML pages on-the-fly without accessing the Web server. The user can be given control over the browser like User input validation Simple computations can be performed on the client’s machine The user’s browser, OS, screen size, etc. can be detected Date and Time Handling 19. How to set a HTML document’s background color? document.bgcolor property can be set to any appropriate color. 20. How can JavaScript be used to personalize or tailor a Web site to fit individual users? JavaScript allows a Web page to perform “if-then” kinds of decisions based on browser version, operating system, user input, and, in more recent browsers, details about the screen size in which the browser is running. While a server CGI program can make some of those same kinds of decisions, not everyone has access to or the expertise to create CGI programs. For example, an experienced CGI programmer can examine information about the browser whenever a request for a page is made; thus a server so equipped might serve up one page for Navigator users and a different page for Internet Explorer users. Beyond browser and operating system version, a CGI program can’t know more about the environment. But a JavaScript-enhanced page can instruct the browser to render only certain content based on the browser, operating system, and even the screen size. Scripting can even go further if the page author desires. For example, the author may include a preference screen that lets the user determine the desired background and text color combination. A script can save this information on the client in a well-regulated local file called a cookie. The next time the user comes to the site, scripts in its pages look to the cookie info and render the page in the color combination selected previously. The server is none the wiser, nor does it have to store any visitor-specific information. 21. Are you concerned that older browsers don’t support JavaScript and thus exclude a set of Web users? individual users? Fragmentation of the installed base of browsers will only get worse. By definition, it can never improve unless absolutely everyone on the planet threw away their old browsers and upgraded to the latest gee-whiz versions. But even then, there are plenty of discrepancies between the scriptability of the latest Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. The situation makes scripting a challenge, especially for newcomers who may not be aware of the limitations of earlier browsers. A lot of effort in my books and ancillary material goes toward helping scripters know what features work in which browsers and how to either workaround limitations in earlier browsers or raise the compatibility common denominator. Designing scripts for a Web site requires making some hard decisions about if, when, and how to implement the advantages scripting offers a page to your audience. For public Web sites, I recommend using scripting in an additive way: let sufficient content stand on its own, but let scriptable browser users receive an enhanced experience, preferably with the same HTML document. 22. What does isNaN function do? Return true if the argument is not a number. 23. What is negative infinity? It’s a number in JavaScript, derived by dividing negative number by zero. 24. In a pop-up browser window, how do you refer to the main browser window that opened it? Use window.opener to refer to the main window from pop-ups. 25. What is the data type of variables of in JavaScript? All variables are of object type in JavaScript. 26. Methods GET and POST in HTML forms – what’s the difference? GET: Parameters are passed in the querystring. Maximum amount of data that can be sent via the GET method is limited to about 2kb. POST: Parameters are passed in the request body. There is no limit to the amount of data that can be transferred using POST. However, there are limits on the maximum amount of data that can be transferred in one name/value pair. 27. How to write a script for “Select” lists using javascript 1. To remove an item from a list set it to null mySelectObject.options = null; 2. To truncate a list set its length to the maximum size you desire mySelectObject.length = 2; 3. To delete all options in a select object set the length to 0. mySelectObject.leng 28. Text From Your Clipboard? It is true, text you last copied for pasting (copy & paste) can be stolen when you visit web sites using a combination of JavaScript and ASP (or PHP, or CGI) to write your possible sensitive data to a database on another server. 29. What does the “Access is Denied” IE error mean? The “Access Denied” error in any browser is due to the following reason. A javascript in one window or frame is tries to access another window or frame whose document’s domain is different from the document containing the script. 30. Is a javascript script faster than an ASP script? Yes.Since javascript is a client-side script it does require the web server’s help for its computation,so it is always faster than any server-side script like ASP,PHP,etc.. 31. Are Java and JavaScript the Same? No.java and javascript are two different languages. Java is a powerful object – oriented programming language like C++,C whereas Javascript is a client-side scripting language with some limitations. 32. How to embed javascript in a web page? javascript code can be embedded in a web page between tags 33. What and where are the best JavaScript resources on the Web? The Web has several FAQ areas on JavaScript. The best place to start is something called the meta-FAQ , which provides a high-level overview of the JavaScript help available on the Net. As for fact-filled FAQs, I recommend one maintained by Martin Webb and a mini-FAQ that I maintain. For interactive help with specific problems, nothing beats the primary JavaScript Usenet newsgroup, comp.lang.javascript. Depending on my work backlog, I answer questions posted there from time to time. Netscape and Microsoft also have vendor-specific developer discussion groups as well as detailed documentation for the scripting and object model implementations. 34. What are the problems associated with using JavaScript, and are there JavaScript techniques that you discourage? Browser version incompatibility is the biggest problem. It requires knowing how each scriptable browser version implements its object model. You see, the incompatibility rarely has to do with the core JavaScript language (although there have been improvements to the language over time); the bulk of incompatibility issues have to do with the object models that each browser version implements. For example, scripters who started out with Navigator 3 implemented the image rollover because it looked cool. But they were dismayed to find out that the image object wasn’t scriptable in Internet Explorer 3 or Navigator 2. While there are easy workarounds to make this feature work on newer browsers without disturbing older ones, it was a painful learning experience for many. The second biggest can of worms is scripting connections between multiple windows. A lot of scripters like to have little windows pop up with navigation bars or some such gizmos. But the object models, especially in the older browser versions, don’t make it easy to work with these windows the minute you put a user in front of them–users who can manually close windows or change their stacking order. More recently, a glitch in some uninstall routines for Windows 95 applications can disturb vital parts of the system Registry that Internet Explorer 4 requires for managing multiple windows. A scripter can’t work around this problem, because it’s not possible to detect the problem in a user’s machine. I tend to avoid multiple windows that interact with each other. I think a lot of inexperienced Web surfers can also get confused by them. 35. What boolean operators does JavaScript support? &&, || and ! 36. What does “1”+2+4 evaluate to? Since 1 is a string, everything is a string, so the result is 124. 37. What are the ways to emit client-side JavaScript from server-side code in ASP.NET? The Page object in ASP.NET has two methods that allow emitting of client-side JavaScript: RegisterClientScriptBlock and RegisterStartupScript. Example usage: Page.RegisterClientScriptBlock(“ScriptKey”, “” + “function TestFn() { alert(‘Clients-side JavaScript’); }”); Page.RegisterStartupScript(“ScriptKey”, “” + “function TestFn() { alert(‘Clients-side JavaScript’); }”); ScriptKey is used to suppress the same JavaScript from being emitted more than once. Multiple calls to RegisterClientScriptBlock or RegisterStartupScript with the same value of ScriptKey emit the script only once, on the first call. 38. What is the difference between RegisterClientScriptBlock and RegisterStartupScript? RegisterClientScriptBlock emits the JavaScript just after the opening tag. RegisterStartupScript emits the JavaScript at the bottom of the ASP.NET page just before the closing tag. 39. What is the difference between a web-garden and a web-farm? Web-garden – An IIS6.0 feature where you can configure an application pool as a web-garden and also specify the number of worker processes for that pool. It can help improve performance in some cases. Web-farm – a general term referring to a cluster of physically separate machines, each running a web-server for scalability and performance (contrast this with web-garden which refers to multiple processes on one single physical machine). 40. How to get the contents of an input box using Javascript? Use the “value” property. var myValue = window.document.getElementById(“MyTextBox”).value; 41. How to determine the state of a checkbox using Javascript? var checkedP = window.document.getElementById(“myCheckBox”).checked; 42. How to set the focus in an element using Javascript? function setFocus() { if(focusElement != null) { document.forms.elements.focus(); } } 43. How to access an external javascript file that is stored externally and not embedded? This can be achieved by using the following tag between head tags or between body tags. How to access an external javascript file that is stored externally and not embedded? where abc.js is the external javscript file to be accessed. 44. What is the difference between an alert box and a confirmation box? An alert box displays only one button which is the OK button whereas the Confirm box displays two buttons namely OK and cancel. 45. What is a prompt box? A prompt box allows the user to enter input by providing a text box. 46. Can javascript code be broken in different lines? Breaking is possible within a string statement by using a backslash \ at the end but not within any other javascript statement. that is , document.write(“Hello \ world”); is possible but not document.write \ (“hello world”); 47. Taking a developer’s perspective, do you think that that JavaScript is easy to learn and use? One of the reasons JavaScript has the word “script” in it is that as a programming language, the vocabulary of the core language is compact compared to full-fledged programming languages. If you already program in Java or C, you actually have to unlearn some concepts that had been beaten into you. For example, JavaScript is a loosely typed language, which means that a variable doesn’t care if it’s holding a string, a number, or a reference to an object; the same variable can even change what type of data it holds while a script runs. The other part of JavaScript implementation in browsers that makes it easier to learn is that most of the objects you script are pre-defined for the author, and they largely represent physical things you can see on a page: a text box, an image, and so on. It’s easier to say, “OK, these are the things I’m working with and I’ll use scripting to make them do such and such,” instead of having to dream up the user interface, conceive of and code objects, and handle the interaction between objects and users. With scripting, you tend to write a _lot_ less code. 48. What Web sites do you feel use JavaScript most effectively (i.e., best-in-class examples)? The worst? The best sites are the ones that use JavaScript so transparently, that I’m not aware that there is any scripting on the page. The worst sites are those that try to impress me with how much scripting is on the page. 49. How about 2+5+”8″? Since 2 and 5 are integers, this is number arithmetic, since 8 is a string, it’s concatenation, so 78 is the result. 50. What is the difference between SessionState and ViewState? ViewState is specific to a page in a session. Session state refers to user specific data that can be accessed across all pages in the web application. 51. What does the EnableViewStateMac setting in an aspx page do? Setting EnableViewStateMac=true is a security measure that allows ASP.NET to ensure that the viewstate for a page has not been tampered with. If on Postback, the ASP.NET framework detects that there has been a change in the value of viewstate that was sent to the browser, it raises an error – Validation of viewstate MAC failed. Use to set it to true (the default value, if this attribute is not specified is also true) in an aspx page. 52. How to Accessing Elements using javascript? To do something interesting with HTML elements, we must first be able to uniquely identify which element we want. In the example We can use the “getElementById” method (which is generally preferred) document.getElementById(“useless”).style.color = “red”; or we can use the older hierarchical navigation method, document.forms.mybutton.style.color = “blue”; Notice that this uses the “name” attribute of the element to locate it. # Example of Accessing Elements in a DOM. function showStatus() { var selectWidget = document.forms.beerForm.elements; var myValue = selectWidget.options.value; alert(‘You drank a \”‘+ myValue +”\””); return true; } Select Beer Heineken Amstel Light Corona Corona Light Tecate 53. What looping structures are there in JavaScript? for, while, do-while loops, but no foreach. 54. To put a “close window” link on a page ? Close 55. How to hide javascript code from old browsers that dont run it? Use the below specified style of comments or Use the some html code tags and code the display html statements between these and this will appear on the page if the browser does not support javascript 56. How to comment javascript code? Use // for line comments and /* */ for block comments 57. Name the numeric constants representing max,min values Number.MAX_VALUE Number.MIN_VALUE 58. What does javascript null mean? The null value is a unique value representing no value or no object. It implies no object,or null string,no valid boolean value,no number and no array object. 59. How do you create a new object in JavaScript? var obj = new Object(); or var obj = {}; 60. How to read a Cookie using JavaScript? Reading a cookie is just as simple as writing one, because the value of the document.cookie object is the cookie. So you can use this string whenever you want to access the cookie. The document.cookie string will keep a list of name = value pairs separated by semicolons, where name is the name of a cookie and value is its string value. You can use strings' split() function to break the string into key and values. 61. How to delete a Cookie using JavaScript? Sometimes you will want to delete a cookie so that subsequent attempts to read the cookie return nothing. To do this, you just need to set the expiration date to a time in the past. 62. What is this keyword? It refers to the current object. 63. What does the term sticky session mean in a web-farm scenario? Why would you use a sticky session? What is the potential disadvantage of using a sticky session? Sticky session refers to the feature of many commercial load balancing solutions for web-farms to route the requests for a particular session to the same physical machine that serviced the first request for that session. This is mainly used to ensure that a in-proc session is not lost as a result of requests for a session being routed to different servers. Since requests for a user are always routed to the same machine that first served the request for that session, sticky sessions can cause uneven load distribution across servers. 64. You have an ASP.NET web application running on a web-farm that does not use sticky sessions – so the requests for a session are not guaranteed to be served the same machine. Occasionally, the users get error message Validation of viewstate MAC failed. What could be one reason that is causing this error? The most common reason for this error is that the the machinekey value in machine.config is different for each server. As a result, viewstate encoded by one machine cannot be decoded by another. To rectify this, edit the machine.config file on each server in the web-farm to have the same value for machinekey. 65. To set all checkboxes to true using JavaScript? //select all input tags function SelectAll() { var checkboxes = document.getElementsByTagName(“input”); for(i=0;i tag. Old browsers will now treat this JavaScript code as a long HTML comment. While, a browser that supports JavaScript, will take the “” as one-line comments. 86.How to create an Object in JavaScript ? var obj = new Object(); var ob = {}; 87.Basic methods for opening a PopUp window using Javascript? There are 2 different simple ways using javascript. they are 1) Using Window.Open() and 2) Using Window.showModalDialog() The Syntax for using these methods are => Window.Open(URL,WindowName,Window Features) Sample example: window.open ("http://www.atoztarget.com","mywindow","status=1,toolbar=1"); => window.showModalDialog(URL,WindowName,ModalDialog Features) Sample Example: window.showModalDialog("http://www.dotnetfunda.com", "mywindow","dialogWidth:400px;dialogHeight:395px"); 88.What is JSON? JSON is nothing but a JavaScript Object Notation . It is language independent and derived from Java Script. This is a LightWeight scripting language designed for data interchange over a network. Basically this is used for data serialization and data transmission which helps to transfer data between the server and the web application. 89.How can you detect the Client Operating System using Javascript? just type this command in a .html file alert(window.navigator.appVersion); 90.What is the data type of variables in JavaScript? Javascript is a weakly typed language:It does not use int, string, DateTime etc as the datatype with the variables declaration as we do in c#. variables are declared using the var keyword which can accept any data. 91.What is negative infinity? It’s a number in JavaScript, derived by dividing negative number by zero. Code snippet var a=-45; alert(a/0); output: -Infinity 92.if 2 methods have same name and same number of parameters, which one will be executed first? The second method will be executed first Code snippet. function demo(s) { alert("first"+"---"+s); } function demo(s) { alert("Second"+"--"+s); } demo("javascript"); demo("jscript"); demo("jp"); output: //In this example, the function with alert("Second"+"---"+s); statement will //be executed 3 times, while the first function will not execute at all. 93.Difference between undefined and undeclared variables. Undefined variables are those that are not assigned any value but declared in the program. if we try to read the value, an error message "undefined" is displayed. undeclared variables are those that are not declared in the program . if we try to read their values gives runtime error. But if undeclared variables are assigned some value then implicit declaration is done . example: //a is undefined variable var a; alert(a); //b is undeclared variable alert("hello"+"--"+b); A:-undefined: B:-will also be undefined but that error message can be seen by clicking in browser status bar: if some value is assigned to b, then it will be displayed in the output. 94.Difference Json Arrary Vs Json Object ? JSONArray A JSONArray is an ordered sequence of values. Its external text form is a string wrapped in square brackets with commas separating the values. JSONObject A JSONObject is an unordered collection of name/value pairs. Its external form is a string wrapped in curly braces with colons between the names and values, and commas between the values and names. {"bindings": }; 95.What is the difference of "setTimeout" function and setInterval functions in Javascript setTimeout is only execute the function after the defined time in milleseconds, its execute only one time. setInterval, will call the function in each time interval. 96.What is the difference between the below two statements:- (1) var myname = "Akiii"; (2) myname = "Akiii"; Both the above two statements are same. In javascript, even if you don't declare a "var" keyword, it is automatically added. Note:- It is always good to use "var" to declare any variable in javascript. It makes the code cleaner and readable. 97.What data type javascript supports? Javascript supports only object data type. Example var variablename; //var is an object 98.What is isNaN in javascript? isNaN is a function, it returns true if the argument is not a number. Example: var a="text"; var b=1234; document.write(isNaN(a)) //it will return true document.write(isNaN(b)) //returns false 99.How will you create new object in javascript? In object variable, you can pass any value like stirng, integer. var obj=new Object(); obj="my string"; document.write(obj); 100.How do you create array in javascript? var arr=new Array(); arr="dot"; arr="net"; arr="funda"; document.write(arr + " " + arr + " " + arr); 101.Write a way by which you can do something on the close of the window ? call onUnload on the body tag and write your javascript code there e.g: Read the full article

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Univocity-parsers - tutorial – uniVocity data integration

Welcome to univocity-parsers univocity-parsers is a collection of extremely fast and reliable Java-based parsers for CSV, TSV and Fixed Width files. It provides a consistent interface for handling different the different formats, and a solid framework for the development of new parsers. Introduction to univocity-parsers The project is developed and maintained by Univocity Software, an Australian company that develops custom data integration solutions using univocity, our commercial data integration framework, and the new univocity-html-parser for HTML scraping. While developing custom data migration services for our clients, involving a variety of text formats, we found that the parsers that currently exist for Java do not provide enough flexibility, throughput and reliability for massive and diverse (and messy) inputs. Another inconvenience is the difficulty in extending these parsers and dealing with a different beast for each format. We decided to then build our own architecture for parsing text files from the ground up. The main goal of this architecture is to provide maximum performance and flexibility while making it easy for anyone to create new parsers. univocity-parsers is currently used by many commercial and open-source projects, including Spark-CSV, Apache Camel and Apache Drill. Parsers univocity-parsers currently provides parsers for: CSV files - it’s the fastest and most flexible CSV parser for Java you can find Fixed-width files - it’s the fastest and most flexible Fixed-width (or fixed-length) parser for Java you can find TSV files - it’s the fastest and most flexible TSV parser for Java you can find Tutorial This library has MANY features so we split this tutorial in different sections. We suggest you to follow through this main tutorial to learn about the features shared among all parsers and then have a look at the specific sections for: Input files and methods All parsers work with an instance of java.io.Reader, java.io.File or java.io.InputStream. You will see calls such as getReader(“/examples/example.csv”) everywhere. This is just a helper method we use to build the examples (source code here): public Reader getReader(String relativePath) { … return new InputStreamReader(this.getClass().getResourceAsStream(relativePath), “UTF-8”); … } Writers on the other hand, can work instances of java.io.Writer, java.io.File or java.io.OutputStream. All parsers/writers have the exact same API and the code used to handle any format is almost the same. Differences are restricted to a few configuration options. In most of the examples, the files example.csv, example.tsv and example.txt file will be used as input for the different parsers provided by univocity-parsers. The information stored in each is exactly the same, only the format differs. This is the content in example.csv: # This example was extracted from Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values) # # 2 double quotes (“”) are used as the escape sequence for quoted fields, as per the RFC4180 standard # Year,Make,Model,Description,Price 1997,Ford,E350,“ac, abs, moon”,3000.00 1999,Chevy,“Venture ”“Extended Edition”“”,“”,4900.00 # Look, a multi line value. And blank rows around it! 1996,Jeep,Grand Cherokee,“MUST SELL! air, moon roof, loaded”,4799.00 1999,Chevy,“Venture ”“Extended Edition, Very Large”“”,,5000.00 ,,“Venture ”“Extended Edition”“”,“”,4900.00 The following example shows one of the many ways to parse all rows of this CSV file: CsvParserSettings settings = new CsvParserSettings(); //the file used in the example uses ’\n’ as the line separator sequence. //the line separator sequence is defined here to ensure systems such as MacOS and Windows //are able to process this file correctly (MacOS uses ’\r’; and Windows uses ’\r\n’). settings.getFormat().setLineSeparator(“\n”); // creates a CSV parser CsvParser parser = new CsvParser(settings); // parses all rows in one go. List<String[]> allRows = parser.parseAll(getReader(“/examples/example.csv”)); To parse all rows of a TSV, just switch to TsvParserSettings and TsvParser: TsvParserSettings settings = new TsvParserSettings(); settings.getFormat().setLineSeparator(“\n”); // creates a TSV parser TsvParser parser = new TsvParser(settings); // parses all rows in one go. List<String[]> allRows = parser.parseAll(getReader(“/examples/example.tsv”)); And to parse all rows of a Fixed-Width file, switch to FixedWidthParserSettings and FixedParser. Note this parser requires the additional configuration object FixedWidthFields to determine the width, alignment and padding of each field to parse: // creates the sequence of field lengths in the file to be parsed FixedWidthFields lengths = new FixedWidthFields(4, 5, 40, 40, 8); // creates the default settings for a fixed width parser FixedWidthParserSettings settings = new FixedWidthParserSettings(lengths); //sets the character used for padding unwritten spaces in the file settings.getFormat().setPadding(’_’); settings.getFormat().setLineSeparator(“\n”); // creates a fixed-width parser with the given settings FixedWidthParser parser = new FixedWidthParser(settings); // parses all rows in one go. List<String[]> allRows = parser.parseAll(getReader(“/examples/example.txt”)); The output of all examples above will be same: 1 [Year, Make, Model, Description, Price] ———————– 2 [1997, Ford, E350, ac, abs, moon, 3000.00] ———————– 3 [1999, Chevy, Venture “Extended Edition”, null, 4900.00] ———————– 4 [1996, Jeep, Grand Cherokee, MUST SELL! air, moon roof, loaded, 4799.00] ———————– 5 [1999, Chevy, Venture “Extended Edition, Very Large”, null, 5000.00] ———————– 6 [null, null, Venture “Extended Edition”, null, 4900.00] ———————– You can safely assume that any example provided in the following sections will work with any parser/writer. Settings and features that are specific to a format are discussed in dedicated, format-specific sections. So let’s get started! (very) Basic file parsing univocity-parsers comes with a basic API for parsing and processing data for all sorts of simpler use cases, which are demonstrated in this section, but the recommended (and faster) approach is Parsing with RowProcessors, a feature that puts univocity-parsers in another level of flexibility and power for handling the most intricate situations with almost no effort. For now, let’s start with the basics. Parsing all rows of a file in one go TsvParserSettings settings = new TsvParserSettings(); settings.getFormat().setLineSeparator(“\n”); // creates a TSV parser TsvParser parser = new TsvParser(settings); // parses all rows in one go. List<String[]> allRows = parser.parseAll(getReader(“/examples/example.tsv”)); You can also read all rows into Records, which allow you to convert rows to maps, fill existing maps, convert String values into other types such as int, float, Date and many more. Check the Using records section to learn more: // configure to grab headers from file. We want to use these names to get values from each record. settings.setHeaderExtractionEnabled(true); // creates a CSV parser CsvParser parser = new CsvParser(settings); // parses all records in one go. List<Record> allRecords = parser.parseAllRecords(getReader(“/examples/example.csv”)); for(Record record : allRecords){ print(“Year: ” + record.getValue(“year”, 2000)); //defaults year to 2000 if value is null. print(“, Model: ” + record.getString(“model”)); println(“, Price: ” + record.getBigDecimal(“price”)); } The output will be: Year: 1997, Model: E350, Price: 3000.00 Year: 1999, Model: Venture “Extended Edition”, Price: 4900.00 Year: 1996, Model: Grand Cherokee, Price: 4799.00 Year: 1999, Model: Venture “Extended Edition, Very Large”, Price: 5000.00 Year: 2000, Model: Venture “Extended Edition”, Price: 4900.00 To read all rows of a file (iterator-style) // creates a CSV parser CsvParser parser = new CsvParser(settings); // call beginParsing to read records one by one, iterator-style. parser.beginParsing(getReader(“/examples/example.csv”)); String[] row; while ((row = parser.parseNext()) != null) { println(out, Arrays.toString(row)); } // The resources are closed automatically when the end of the input is reached, // or when an error happens, but you can call stopParsing() at any time. // You only need to use this if you are not parsing the entire content. // But it doesn’t hurt if you call it anyway. parser.stopParsing(); For convenience, you can also use the parseNextRecord method, which will return an instance of Record instead of a raw String[]: // call beginParsing to read records one by one, iterator-style. parser.beginParsing(getReader(“/examples/example.csv”)); //among many other things, we can set default values of one ore more columns in the record metadata. //Let’s again set year to 2000 if it comes as null. parser.getRecordMetadata().setDefaultValueOfColumns(2000, “year”); Record record; while ((record = parser.parseNextRecord()) != null) { print(“Year: ” + record.getInt(“year”)); print(“, Model: ” + record.getString(“model”)); println(“, Price: ” + record.getBigDecimal(“price”)); } Using an actual iterator // creates a CSV parser CsvParser parser = new CsvParser(settings); for(String[] row : parser.iterate(getReader(“/examples/example.csv”))){ println(out, Arrays.toString(row)); } To iterate Records: for(Record record : parser.iterateRecords(getReader(“/examples/example.csv”))){ println(out, Arrays.toString(record.getValues())); } Parsing individual Strings If you are getting rows from an external source, and just need to parse each one, you can simply use the parseLine(String) method. The following example parses TSV lines: // creates a TSV parser TsvParser parser = new TsvParser(new TsvParserSettings()); String[] line; line = parser.parseLine(“A B C”); println(out, Arrays.toString(line)); line = parser.parseLine(“1 2 3 4”); println(out, Arrays.toString(line)); Which yields: [A, B, C] [1, 2, 3, 4] Column selection Parsing the entire content of each record in a file is a waste of CPU and memory when you are not interested in all columns. univocity-parsers lets you choose the columns you need, so values you don’t want are simply bypassed. The following examples can be found in the example class SettingsExamples: Consider the example.csv file with: Year,Make,Model,Description,Price 1997,Ford,E350,“ac, abs, moon”,3000.00 1999,Chevy,“Venture ”“Extended Edition”“”,“”,4900.00 … And the following selection: // Here we select only the columns “Price”, “Year” and “Make”. // The parser just skips the other fields parserSettings.selectFields(“Price”, “Year”, “Make”); // let’s parse with these settings and print the parsed rows. List<String[]> parsedRows = parseWithSettings(parserSettings); The output will be: 1 [3000.00, 1997, Ford] ———————– 2 [4900.00, 1999, Chevy] ———————– … The same output will be obtained with index-based selection. // Here we select only the columns by their indexes. // The parser just skips the values in other columns parserSettings.selectIndexes(4, 0, 1); // let’s parse with these settings and print the parsed rows. List<String[]> parsedRows = parseWithSettings(parserSettings); You can also opt to keep the original row format with all columns, but only the values you are interested in being processed: // Here we select only the columns “Price”, “Year” and “Make”. // The parser just skips the other fields parserSettings.selectFields(“Price”, “Year”, “Make”); // Column reordering is enabled by default. When you disable it, // all columns will be produced in the order they are defined in the file. // Fields that were not selected will be null, as they are not processed by the parser parserSettings.setColumnReorderingEnabled(false); // Let’s parse with these settings and print the parsed rows. List<String[]> parsedRows = parseWithSettings(parserSettings); Now the output will be: 1 [1997, Ford, null, null, 3000.00] ———————– 2 [1999, Chevy, null, null, 4900.00] ———————– 3 [1996, Jeep, null, null, 4799.00] … Settings Each parser has its own settings class, but many configuration options are common across all parsers. The following snippet demonstrates how to use each one of them: //You can configure the parser to automatically detect what line separator sequence is in the input parserSettings.setLineSeparatorDetectionEnabled(true); // sets what is the default value to use when the parsed value is null parserSettings.setNullValue(“<NULL>”); // sets what is the default value to use when the parsed value is empty parserSettings.setEmptyValue(“<EMPTY>”); // for CSV only // sets the headers of the parsed file. If the headers are set then ‘setHeaderExtractionEnabled(true)’ // will make the parser simply ignore the first input row. parserSettings.setHeaders(“a”, “b”, “c”, “d”, “e”); // prints the columns in reverse order. // NOTE: when fields are selected, all rows produced will have the exact same number of columns parserSettings.selectFields(“e”, “d”, “c”, “b”, “a”); // does not skip leading whitespaces parserSettings.setIgnoreLeadingWhitespaces(false); // does not skip trailing whitespaces parserSettings.setIgnoreTrailingWhitespaces(false); // reads a fixed number of records then stop and close any resources parserSettings.setNumberOfRecordsToRead(9); // does not skip empty lines parserSettings.setSkipEmptyLines(false); // sets the maximum number of characters to read in each column. // The default is 4096 characters. You need this to avoid OutOfMemoryErrors in case a file // does not have a valid format. In such cases the parser might just keep reading from the input // until its end or the memory is exhausted. This sets a limit which avoids unwanted JVM crashes. parserSettings.setMaxCharsPerColumn(100); // for the same reasons as above, this sets a hard limit on how many columns an input row can have. // The default is 512. parserSettings.setMaxColumns(10); // Sets the number of characters held by the parser’s buffer at any given time. parserSettings.setInputBufferSize(1000); // Disables the separate thread that loads the input buffer. By default, the input is going to be loaded incrementally // on a separate thread if the available processor number is greater than 1. Leave this enabled to get better performance // when parsing big files (> 100 Mb). parserSettings.setReadInputOnSeparateThread(false); // let’s parse with these settings and print the parsed rows. List<String[]> parsedRows = parseWithSettings(parserSettings); The output of the CSV parser with all these settings will be: 1 [<NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>] ———————– 2 [Price, Description, Model, Make, Year] ———————– 3 [3000.00, ac, abs, moon, E350, Ford, 1997] ———————– 4 [4900.00, <EMPTY>, Venture “Extended Edition”, Chevy, 1999] ———————– 5 [<NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, ] ———————– 6 [<NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, <NULL>, ] ———————– 7 [4799.00, MUST SELL! air, moon roof, loaded, Grand Cherokee, Jeep, 1996] ———————– 8 [5000.00, <NULL>, Venture “Extended Edition, Very Large”, Chevy, 1999] ———————– 9 [4900.00, <EMPTY>, Venture “Extended Edition”, <NULL>, <NULL>] ———————– … Other settings skipBitsAsWhitespace: flag to configure the parser to consider BIT values 0 and 1 (effectively the ’\0’ and ’\1’ characters) as whitespace. Useful for processing database dumps that may export such values instead of the traditional '0’ and '1’’ characters. errorContentLength: in case of errors, limits the length of the problematic content that was parsed and is printed in error messages. Format Settings All parser settings have a default format definition. The following attributes are set by default for all parsers: lineSeparator (default System.getProperty(“line.separator”);): this is an array of 1 or 2 characters with the sequence that indicates the end of a line. Using this, you should be able to handle files produced by different operating systems. Of course, if you want your line separator to be “#$”, you can. normalizedNewline (default \n): used to represent the sequence of 2 characters used as a line separator (e.g. \r\n in Windows). It is used by our parsers/writers to easily handle portable line separators. When parsing, if the sequence of characters defined in lineSeparator is found while reading from the input, it will be transparently replaced by the normalizedNewline character. When writing, normalizedNewline is replaced by the lineSeparator sequence. comment (default #): if the first character of a line of text matches the comment character, then the row will be considered a comment and discarded from the input. Format-specific settings and features Each format has support for (hopefully) everything you will ever need and more. Check the sections dedicated to each one: Working with CSV Working with TSV Working with Fixed-Width Parsing with RowProcessors Everything you’ve seen so far is provided as a convenience for simpler situations, but univocity-parsers is built around the concept of RowProcessor and we encourage you to use them if you are after the best possible performance. The RowProcessor is a fairly simple interface with 3 methods: public interface RowProcessor { void processStarted(ParsingContext context); void rowProcessed(String[] row, ParsingContext context); void processEnded(ParsingContext context); } The settings object of all parsers come with a setProcessor method, which takes your RowProcessor implementation. When you are ready to parse the input, call parser.parse(), and each row parsed from the input will be sent to your processor’s rowProcessed method (that’s why parser.parse() is void). Before parsing the first row, processStarted will be called to notify you that rows are coming. After parsing the last row, or in the case of an error, all open resources will be closed and the process will stop. Once this completes the processEnded will be called so you can perform any additional housekeeping required. processEnded is guaranteed to run. All three methods have a ParsingContext object with some controls and information over the parsing process. The library provides many useful RowProcessor implementations by default and you can always provide your own. Most implementations of RowProcessor that come with the library by default come in two flavors: Abstract classes with one abstract method that delegates the result of each processed record to you, e.g. BeanProcessor, and ObjectRowProcessor Concrete classes with List in the name which indicates the the result of each processed record is added into a list. You can access the elements of this list once the processing has finished. e.g. BeanListProcessor, and ObjectRowListProcessor Introducing a few basic row processors The following example uses the RowListProcessor, which just stores the rows read from a file into a List: // The settings object provides many configuration options CsvParserSettings parserSettings = new CsvParserSettings(); //You can configure the parser to automatically detect what line separator sequence is in the input parserSettings.setLineSeparatorDetectionEnabled(true); // A RowListProcessor stores each parsed row in a List. RowListProcessor rowProcessor = new RowListProcessor(); // You can configure the parser to use a RowProcessor to process the values of each parsed row. // You will find more RowProcessors in the 'com.univocity.parsers.common.processor’ package, but you can also create your own. parserSettings.setProcessor(rowProcessor); // Let’s consider the first parsed row as the headers of each column in the file. parserSettings.setHeaderExtractionEnabled(true); // creates a parser instance with the given settings CsvParser parser = new CsvParser(parserSettings); // the 'parse’ method will parse the file and delegate each parsed row to the RowProcessor you defined parser.parse(getReader(“/examples/example.csv”)); // get the parsed records from the RowListProcessor here. // Note that different implementations of RowProcessor will provide different sets of functionalities. String[] headers = rowProcessor.getHeaders(); List<String[]> rows = rowProcessor.getRows(); Each row will contain: [Year, Make, Model, Description, Price] ======================= 1 [1997, Ford, E350, ac, abs, moon, 3000.00] ———————– 2 [1999, Chevy, Venture “Extended Edition”, null, 4900.00] ———————– 3 [1996, Jeep, Grand Cherokee, MUST SELL! air, moon roof, loaded, 4799.00] ———————– 4 [1999, Chevy, Venture “Extended Edition, Very Large”, null, 5000.00] ———————– 5 [null, null, Venture “Extended Edition”, null, 4900.00] ———————– You can also use a ObjectRowProcessor, which will produce rows of objects. You can convert values using an implementation of the Conversion interface. The Conversions class provides some useful defaults for you. For convenience, the ObjectRowListProcessor can be used to store all rows into a list. // ObjectRowProcessor converts the parsed values and gives you the resulting row. ObjectRowProcessor rowProcessor = new ObjectRowProcessor() { @Override public void rowProcessed(Object[] row, ParsingContext context) { //here is the row. Let’s just print it. println(out, Arrays.toString(row)); } }; // converts values in the “Price” column (index 4) to BigDecimal rowProcessor.convertIndexes(Conversions.toBigDecimal()).set(4); // converts the values in columns “Make, Model and Description” to lower case, and sets the value “chevy” to null. rowProcessor.convertFields(Conversions.toLowerCase(), Conversions.toNull(“chevy”)).set(“Make”, “Model”, “Description”); // converts the values at index 0 (year) to BigInteger. Nulls are converted to BigInteger.ZERO. rowProcessor.convertFields(new BigIntegerConversion(BigInteger.ZERO, “0”)).set(“year”); CsvParserSettings parserSettings = new CsvParserSettings(); parserSettings.getFormat().setLineSeparator(“\n”); parserSettings.setProcessor(rowProcessor); parserSettings.setHeaderExtractionEnabled(true); CsvParser parser = new CsvParser(parserSettings); //the rowProcessor will be executed here. parser.parse(getReader(“/examples/example.csv”)); After applying the conversions, the output will be: [1997, ford, e350, ac, abs, moon, 3000.00] [1999, null, venture “extended edition”, null, 4900.00] [1996, jeep, grand cherokee, must sell! air, moon roof, loaded, 4799.00] [1999, null, venture “extended edition, very large”, null, 5000.00] [0, null, venture “extended edition”, null, 4900.00] Using annotations to map your java beans Use the Parsed annotation to map the property to a field in the CSV file. You can map the property using a field name as declared in the headers, or the column index in the input. Each annotated operation maps to a Conversion and they are executed in the same sequence they are declared. This example works with the csv file bean_test.csv class TestBean { // if the value parsed in the quantity column is “?” or “-”, it will be replaced by null. @NullString(nulls = {“?”, “-”}) // if a value resolves to null, it will be converted to the String “0”. @Parsed(defaultNullRead = “0”) private Integer quantity; // The attribute type defines which conversion will be executed when processing the value. // In this case, IntegerConversion will be used. // The attribute name will be matched against the column header in the file automatically. @Trim @LowerCase // the value for the comments attribute is in the column at index 4 (0 is the first column, so this means fifth column in the file) @Parsed(index = 4) private String comments; // you can also explicitly give the name of a column in the file. @Parsed(field = “amount”) private BigDecimal amount; @Trim @LowerCase // values “no”, “n” and “null” will be converted to false; values “yes” and “y” will be converted to true @BooleanString(falseStrings = {“no”, “n”, “null”}, trueStrings = {“yes”, “y”}) @Parsed private Boolean pending; // Instances of annotated classes are created with by BeanProcessor and BeanListProcessor: // BeanListProcessor converts each parsed row to an instance of a given class, then stores each instance into a list. BeanListProcessor<TestBean> rowProcessor = new BeanListProcessor<TestBean>(TestBean.class); CsvParserSettings parserSettings = new CsvParserSettings(); parserSettings.getFormat().setLineSeparator(“\n”); parserSettings.setProcessor(rowProcessor); parserSettings.setHeaderExtractionEnabled(true); CsvParser parser = new CsvParser(parserSettings); parser.parse(getReader(“/examples/bean_test.csv”)); // The BeanListProcessor provides a list of objects extracted from the input. List<TestBean> beans = rowProcessor.getBeans(); Here is the output produced by the toString() method of each TestBean instance: [TestBean [quantity=1, comments=?, amount=555.999, pending=true], TestBean [quantity=0, comments=“ something ”, amount=null, pending=false]] The Headers annotation You can annotate a class with the Headers annotation to control what headers to use when parsing/writing, without having to provide any explicit configuration on the parser/writer settings: For example, consider the AnotherTestBean class: @Headers(sequence = {“pending”, “date”}, extract = true, write = true) public class AnotherTestBean { @Format(formats = {“dd-MMM-yyyy”, “yyyy-MM-dd”}, options = “locale=en”) @Parsed private Date date; @BooleanString(falseStrings = {“n”}, trueStrings = {“y”}) @Parsed private Boolean pending; // Let’s write a few instances of AnotherTestBean to an output: TsvWriterSettings settings = new TsvWriterSettings(); settings.setRowWriterProcessor(new BeanWriterProcessor<AnotherTestBean>(AnotherTestBean.class)); // We didn’t provide a java.io.Writer here, so all we can do is write to Strings (streaming) TsvWriter writer = new TsvWriter(settings); // Let’s write the headers declared in @Headers annotation of AnotherTestBean String headers = writer.writeHeadersToString(); // Now, let’s create an instance of our bean AnotherTestBean bean = new AnotherTestBean(); bean.setPending(true); bean.setDate(2012, Calendar.AUGUST, 5); // Calling processRecordToString will write the contents of the bean in a TSV formatted String String row1 = writer.processRecordToString(bean); // You can write whatever you need as well String row2 = writer.writeRowToString(“Random”, “Values”, “Here”); // Let’s change our bean and produce another String bean.setPending(false); String row3 = writer.processRecordToString(bean); This will write the following: pending date y 05-Aug-2012 Random Values Here n 05-Aug-2012 Error handling All sorts of errors can occur while processing data with a RowProcessor. You can get invalid values, unexpected formats, type errors, etc. In most cases you want to log these errors and continue processing your data. For that you can use a RowProcessorErrorHandler, which is a callback interface that will be used to report errors to you when they occur, with as much detail as possible: BeanListProcessor<AnotherTestBean> beanProcessor = new BeanListProcessor<AnotherTestBean>(AnotherTestBean.class); settings.setProcessor(beanProcessor); //Let’s set a RowProcessorErrorHandler to log the error. The parser will keep running. settings.setProcessorErrorHandler(new RowProcessorErrorHandler() { @Override public void handleError(DataProcessingException error, Object[] inputRow, ParsingContext context) { println(out, “Error processing row: ” + Arrays.toString(inputRow)); println(out, “Error details: column ’” + error.getColumnName() + “’ (index ” + error.getColumnIndex() + “) has value ’” + inputRow[error.getColumnIndex()] + “’”); } }); CsvParser parser = new CsvParser(settings); parser.parse(getReader(“/examples/bean_test.csv”)); println(out); println(out, “Printing beans that could be parsed”); println(out); for (AnotherTestBean bean : beanProcessor.getBeans()) { println(out, bean); //should print just one bean here } When running this example, you should get the following printed out: Error processing row: [yEs, 10-oct-2001] Error details: column 'pending’ (index 0) has value 'yEs’ Printing beans that could be parsed AnotherTestBean [date=10/Oct/2001, pending=false] Recovering from errors You can recover from errors using a RetryableErrorHandler: settings.setProcessorErrorHandler(new RetryableErrorHandler<ParsingContext>() { @Override public void handleError(DataProcessingException error, Object[] inputRow, ParsingContext context) { println(out, “Error processing row: ” + Arrays.toString(inputRow)); println(out, “Error details: column ’” + error.getColumnName() + “’ (index ” + error.getColumnIndex() + “) has value ’” + inputRow[error.getColumnIndex()] + “’. Setting it to null”); if(error.getColumnIndex() == 0){ setDefaultValue(null); } else { keepRecord(); //prevents the parser from discarding the row. } } }); Use keepRecord to prevent the parser from discarding your row. You can update the inputRow directly and at will then call keepRecord(). The setDefaultValue method assigns a default value to use in the column that could not be processed. Using this method will automatically instruct the parser to retry processing your row, so you don’t need to explicitly invoke keepRecord(). The output now should be: Error processing row: [yEs, 10-oct-2001] Error details: column 'pending’ (index 0) has value 'yEs’. Setting it to null Printing beans that could be parsed AnotherTestBean [date=10/Oct/2001, pending=null] AnotherTestBean [date=10/Oct/2001, pending=false] Collecting Comments If your input files have comments that might be useful for you to control the parsing process, you can configure the parser to collect them: // This configures the parser to store all comments found in the input. // You’ll be able to retrieve the last parsed comment or all comments parsed at // any given time during the parsing. settings.setCommentCollectionEnabled(true); CsvParser parser = new CsvParser(settings); parser.beginParsing(getReader(“/examples/example.csv”)); String[] row; while ((row = parser.parseNext()) != null) { // using the getContext method we have access to the parsing context, from where the comments found so far can be accessed // let’s get the last parsed comment and print it out in front of each parsed row. String comment = parser.getContext().lastComment(); if (comment == null || comment.trim().isEmpty()) { comment = “No relevant comments yet”; } println(“Comment: ” + comment + “. Parsed: ” + Arrays.toString(row)); } // We can also get all comments parsed. println(“\nAll comments found:\n——————-”); //The comments() method returns a map of line numbers associated with the comments found in them. Map<Long, String> comments = parser.getContext().comments(); for (Entry<Long, String> e : comments.entrySet()) { long line = e.getKey(); String commentAtLine = e.getValue(); println(“Line: ” + line + “: ’” + commentAtLine + “’”); } This should print the following to the output: Comment: 2 double quotes (“”) are used as the escape sequence for quoted fields, as per the RFC4180 standard. Parsed: [Year, Make, Model, Description, Price] Comment: 2 double quotes (“”) are used as the escape sequence for quoted fields, as per the RFC4180 standard. Parsed: [1997, Ford, E350, ac, abs, moon, 3000.00] Comment: 2 double quotes (“”) are used as the escape sequence for quoted fields, as per the RFC4180 standard. Parsed: [1999, Chevy, Venture “Extended Edition”, null, 4900.00] Comment: Look, a multi line value. And blank rows around it!. Parsed: [1996, Jeep, Grand Cherokee, MUST SELL! air, moon roof, loaded, 4799.00] Comment: Look, a multi line value. And blank rows around it!. Parsed: [1999, Chevy, Venture “Extended Edition, Very Large”, null, 5000.00] Comment: Look, a multi line value. And blank rows around it!. Parsed: [null, null, Venture “Extended Edition”, null, 4900.00] All comments found: ——————- Line: 0: 'This example was extracted from Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values)’ Line: 2: '2 double quotes (“”) are used as the escape sequence for quoted fields, as per the RFC4180 standard’ Line: 9: 'Look, a multi line value. And blank rows around it!’ Routines To make your life easier, we built a some pre-defined routines for handling common use cases, such as dumping data from a ResultSet, running parse-and-write operations, and more. Check the Routines section to learn more. Further Reading Feel free to proceed to the following sections (in any order). Bugs, contributions & support If you find a bug, please report it on github or send us an email on [email protected]. We try out best to eliminate all bugs as soon as possible and you’ll rarely see a bug open for more than 24 hours after it’s reported. We do our best to answer all questions. Enhancements/suggestions are implemented on a best effort basis. Fell free to submit your contribution via pull requests. Any little bit is appreciated, from improvements on documentation to a full blown rewrite from scratch. For commercial support, customizations or anything in between, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for using our parsers! The univocity team.

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Villeurbanne garantit le budget de la Fête du livre jeunesse

Par Vincy Thomas, le 08.04.2020 à 18h29 (mis à jour le 08.04.2020 à 19h00) Crise sanitaire

Annulée comme tous les festivals littéraires du mois d’avril, la Fête du livre jeunesse a reçu des garanties de la part de la municipalité pour le paiement d’une centaine de personnes impliquées dans la manifestation.

La Fête du livre jeunesse de Villeurbanne devait avoir lieu les 4 et 5 avril. Annulée pour cause de lutte contre le Covid-19, la manifestation a reçu la garantie de la ville de Villeurbanne que « le paiement de l’ensemble des personnels artistiques et techniques » serait assuré.

Dans un courriel envoyé aux auteurs, illustrateurs, conférenciers, techniciens et comédiens, Gérard Picot, directeur artistique du festival, explique que « la Ville de Villeurbanne a pris la décision de maintenir le paiement de l’ensemble des personnels artistiques et techniques qui étaient programmés pour constituer cette belle édition construite autour de la thématique qu’on ne pouvait prédire plus actuelle, « Même pas peur ? ».

Cela représente une centaine de personnes indique la municipalité, contactée par Livres Hebdo. L’enveloppe budgétaire s’élève dans le détail à 82000 euros répartis ainsi: 61000 euros pour des spectacles et interventions d’auteurs et illustrateurs qui seront reportés à une date ultérieure, et 21000 euros en salaires d’intermittents techniciens. « Ainsi, aux côtés de ses partenaires investis que sont la Drac Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, la Sofia et la Fondation Orange, la Ville honorera les contrats engagés par soutien et solidarité aux artistes et techniciens dans cette période exceptionnelle« , précise le directeur artistique.

La manifestation proposera un avenant aux contrats afin de pouvoir réaliser un report des actions prévues.

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La sélection du prix Nice Baie des Anges 2020

Par Nicolas Turcev, le 02.03.2020 à 17h33 (mis à jour le 02.03.2020 à 18h11) Prix littéraires

Eliette Abécassis

Huit romans sont en lice pour remporter cette récompense parrainée par la ville de Nice. Le lauréat sera dévoilé à la mi-mai.

Le jury du prix Nice Baie des Anges 2020 a dévoilé, lundi 2 mars, les 8 romans en lice pour remporter cette récompense dotée et parrainée par la ville de Nice.

Le lauréat sera dévoilée à la mi-mai, avant la remise officielle du prix prévue le 29 mai en ouverture de la 25e édition du Festival du livre de Nice. Il succèdera à Daniel Picouly, distingué l’an dernier pour son roman Quatre-vingt-dix secondes (Albin Michel). La sélection du prix Nice Baie des Anges 2020

Nos rendez-vous, Eliette Abecassis (Grasset)

Tu seras un homme, mon fils, Pierre Assouline (Gallimard)

Les oiseaux rares, Hugo Paviot (Seuil)

Big Bang, Irène Jacob (Albin Michel)

Le réveil des sorcières, Stéphanie Janicot (Albin Michel)

L’histoire de Sam ou l’avenir d’une émotion, Jean-Marc Parisis (Flammarion)

Papa, Régis Jauffret (Seuil)

La soustraction des possibles, Joseph Incardona (Finitude)

Le jury du prix Nice Baie des Anges est composé de Franz-Olivier Giesbert, président du jury, Paule Constant, de l’académie Goncourt, Irène Frain, Aurélie de Gubernatis, Didier van Cauwelaert, Laurent Seksik Jean-Luc Gag et Nicolas Galup. Il sera accompagné dans ses délibérations par un jury de dix lecteurs.

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Le congrès de l’Ifla 2020 annulé

Par Vincy Thomas, le 10.04.2020 à 12h37 (mis à jour le 10.04.2020 à 13h00) Crise sanitaire

La bibliothèque de Trinity College, à Dublin.

Dublin devait accueillir le congrès de la Fédération internationale des associations de bibliothèques en août. La capitale irlandaise en sera la ville hôte, en 2022, à la place d’Auckland.

Le prochain congrès de l’Ifla (Fédération internationale des associations de bibliothèques), qui devait se tenir à Dublin, en Irlande, du 14 au 21 août, est annulé pour cause de crise sanitaire mondiale. Dublin accueillera le congrès de 2022, à la place d’Auckland. Les retards enregistrés par le chantier du nouveau palais des congrès de la ville océanienne ont permis à l’Ifla de changer de ville hôte sans écueils économiques et diplomatiques.

C’est la première fois depuis 1946 que l’Ifla doit annuler son congrès annuel. L’organisme a pris cette « décision difficile » pour ne pas exposer les participants et les équipes au risque de pandémie de Covid-19, dont les épicentres varient au fil des mois, après avoir touché la Chine, puis l’Europe et aujourd’hui les Etats-Unis.

L’Assemblée générale, qui a lieu durant le congrès, sera reportée, au plus tard avant le 30 novembre 2020, date et lieu restant à déterminer.

Le prochain congrès aura lieu en 2021 à Rotterdam, aux Pays-Bas. Pour 2023, l’Ifla fait un appel à candidature pour installer son événement hors d’Europe.

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Simone Hérault, la voix de la SNCF, lit les classiques

Par Nicolas Turcev, le 09.04.2020 à 17h24 (mis à jour le 09.04.2020 à 18h00) Livre audio

Simone Herault, comédienne et voix bien connue des Français

La SNCF met à disposition des enregistrements audio des grands titres de la littérature, lus par l’iconique voix entendue dans toutes les gares françaises.

Simone Hérault, la voix de la SNCF, et sa société Lire autrement, s’associent avec la compagnie de transport pour proposer des lectures audio des grands classiques de la littérature, lus par la comédienne au timbre bien connu des Français. Les enregistrements sont mis à disposition sur le site SNCF e-Livre, la bibliothèque numérique gratuite de la compagnie.

[embedded content] La société de transports publics met également à disposition gratuitement 6000 ouvrages numériques, dont des titres adaptés aux publics malvoyants. La SNCF souhaite ainsi promouvoir « une action utile, solidaire et culturelle à destination des personnes confinés » en raison de l’épidémie mondiale de Covid-19.

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Une nouvelle présidente pour l’association des bibliothèques américaines

Par Vincy Thomas, le 09.04.2020 à 18h30 (mis à jour le 09.04.2020 à 19h03) états-Unis

Patricia « Patty » M. Wong

Patrica M. Wong va présider l’American Library Association dans un contexte où l’association fait face à de nombreuses difficultés.

Patricia M. Wong, bibliothécaire à Santa Monica (dans la banlieue de Los Angeles) a été élue à la présidence de l’American Library Association (ALA) , association des bibliothèques américaines, pour un mandat de deux ans à compter de 2021. Cependant, à titre de président élue, elle occupera son poste dès juin pour assurer la transition avec son prédecessseur, Julius C. Jefferon, élu l’an dernier.

Elle a obtenu 6718 votes, contre 2448 pour l’autre candidat Steven Yates.

« Patty » Wong devra faire face à plusieurs défis: le report à 2021 du congrès de l’ALA prévu à Chicago en juin, la fermeture des bibliothèques due à la pandémie de coronavirus qui touche brutalement le pays, les coupes budgétaires des bibliothèques, notamment dans le budget fédéral, les difficultés financières de l’association elle-même et une réorganisation complète de la gouvernance, déjà entamée.

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A Nancy, les bibliothèques et la librairie Le Hall du livre sont solidaires

le 09.04.2020 à 18h19 (mis à jour le 09.04.2020 à 19h03) Confinement

L’épicerie sociale de Nancy – Photo VILLE DE NANCY

Les bibliothèques de Nancy et la librairie Le Hall du livre offriront des livres aux personnes défavorisées dans une épicerie solidaire. L’accès à la bibliothèque numérique du Sillon lorrain est par ailleurs gratuit durant le confinement.

Les bibliothèques de Nancy se sont associées à la librairie Le Hall du livre pour diffuser les livres auprès de lecteurs qui ne peuvent pas, ou ne souhaitent pas, utiliser les outils numériques. Le réseau bibliothécaire et la librairie vont donner des livres lors des distributions de repas à l’épicerie solidaire du Plateau de Haye, avec le soutien du Centre communal d’action sociale (CCAS). A partir du 14 mars, « 600 livres neufs ou d’occasion seront distribués aux enfants et aux adultes », indique le communiqué. Les bibliothèques de Nancy rappellent par ailleurs que l’accès à la bibliothèque numérique du Sillon lorrain (Thionville, Metz, Nancy et Epinal), Limédia mosaïque, est gratuit durant la période de confinement. Le portail permet de consulter des revues, journaux et magazines, d’écouter de la musique et de télécharger des livres numériques mais aussi de consulter des cours de soutien scolaire.

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Bernard Lehut (RTL) : « le livre est l’évasion la plus accessible »

Par Vincy Thomas, le 09.04.2020 à 16h15 (mis à jour le 09.04.2020 à 17h00) Radio

Bernard Lehut – Photo RTL.

Durant la période de confinement, Bernard Lehut a adapté « Les livres ont la parole » et ses chroniques dans « Laissez-vous tenter » avec l’envie de replonger dans les classiques de la littérature. Le monsieur Livre de RTL annonce aussi une interview de Le Clezio et évoque le Grand prix RTL-Lire, suspendu.

Depuis le 22 mars, RTL a modifié certaines de ses émissions pour s’adapter au confinement des auditeurs, à l’actualité liée à la pandémie du Covid-19 et à la fabrication à distance des programmes pour cause de télétravail. Bernard Lehut, le monsieur Livre de la station (première radio privée de France, avec 6,56 millions d’auditeurs quotidiens selon les chiffres de Médiamétrie communiqués aujourd’hui pour la période janvier-mars), a ainsi transformé « Les livres ont la Parole », son émission dominicale dans la tranche de Stéphane Carpentier, comme ses sujets dans « Laissez-vous tenter », programme culturel de la matinale d’Yves Calvi en semaine. « J’ai réfléchi comment reformater « Les livres ont la parole », comment s’adapter à l’absence des librairies« , explique-t-il à Livres Hebdo. « Le mot clé, c’est l’évasion, échapper à la réclusion. Le livre, la lecture sont l’évasion la plus accessible, la plus universelle, dans le temps et dans l’espace« .

Bibliothèque idéale Avec une subjectivité totalement assumée, il choisit ainsi dans sa bibliothèque un classique à (re)découvrir. Ce dimanche, il évoquera le parfait confiné, Le Comte de Monte-Cristo, d’Alexandre Dumas, après avoir partagé La Gloire de mon père, de Marcel Pagnol, Le lion, de Joseph Kessel et Le docteur Jivago, de Boris Pasternak. Il est encouragé par les réactions des auditeurs, très en demande de classiques. « On échappe à la nouveauté« , rappelle Bernard Lehut, « du coup on a le temps pour replonger dans les classiques ou combler des lacunes, comme je le fais actuellement en lisant le formidable livre d’Albert Camus, Le premier homme ». « Les livres ont la parole » s’agrémente d’une rediffusion de son émission estivale, « Chemins d’écrivains » : Isabelle Carré à Saint-Jean-de-Luz, Jean Teulé à Lascaux, Katherine Pancol à Fécamp se sont succédés. Et pour le dimanche pascal, Frédéric Lenoir nous emmènera aux pieds de l’archange du Mont-Saint-Michel.

Les 80 ans de Le Clézio « Je termine l’émission avec une citation liée à cette période si particulière. La littérature est riche pour nous aider à vivre le présent, pour enjoliver notre existence, ou prendre du recul », affirme le journaliste, mettant ainsi en lumière des phrases d’Albert Camus, Blaise Pascal, Jean Giono ou Montaigne. Après une programmation bousculée par l’actualité sanitaire, « Laissez-vous tenter » est redevenu un rendez-vous régulier depuis une semaine. « Les livres sont encore disponibles, dans les hypermarchés, en vente par correspondance, sur les sites de ventes en ligne, dans les maisons de la presse, en format numérique« , rappelle Bernard Lehut. « Il y a des livres parus en mars que je n’avais pas éclusés, comme ceux de Colombe Schneck ou de J. M. G. Le Clézio [Chanson d’automne suivi de L’enfant et la guerre]. Je l’avais rencontré chez Gallimard juste avant le confinement. Au total, j’ai une demi-heure d’entretien avec lui, que nous mettrons intégralement en ligne sur le site Rtl.fr à l’occasion de ses 80 ans, lundi 13 avril« , révèle-t-il. A défaut d’invités dans le studio, il appelle les auteurs pour des conseils de lecture. Jean-Christophe Ruffin a ainsi recommandé Le hussard sur le toit et Joël Dicker le polar de Niklas Natt och Dag, 1793 (Sonatine).

Printemps en suspens Pour la suite, Bernard Lehut est dans un calendrier incertain. Le Grand prix RTL-Lire, traditionnellement remis à Livre Paris, n’a toujours pas été décerné. Il précise : « On a été stoppé dans notre élan. On devait l’annoncer le 19 mars. On a été confinés deux jours avant. Tout était prêt : le bandeau pour les couvertures, de nouveaux tirages de l’éditeur… On a tout gelé et on l’annoncera en temps en heures, dans l’intimité, pendant ‘Laissez-vous tenter' ». Concernant « Chemins d’écrivains », son programme d’été, habituellement tourné entre avril et juin, il estime qu’il est trop tôt pour savoir s’il sera à l’antenne en juillet et août. « Est-ce qu’on aura le temps de bloquer des invités et des dates ? J’ai déjà fait ma liste, mais tout dépendra de la date de déconfinement. »

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